1
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Magg V, Manetto A, Kopp K, Wu CC, Naghizadeh M, Lindner D, Eke L, Welsch J, Kallenberger SM, Schott J, Haucke V, Locker N, Stoecklin G, Ruggieri A. Turnover of PPP1R15A mRNA encoding GADD34 controls responsiveness and adaptation to cellular stress. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114069. [PMID: 38602876 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The integrated stress response (ISR) is a key cellular signaling pathway activated by environmental alterations that represses protein synthesis to restore homeostasis. To prevent sustained damage, the ISR is counteracted by the upregulation of growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 34 (GADD34), a stress-induced regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1 that mediates translation reactivation and stress recovery. Here, we uncover a novel ISR regulatory mechanism that post-transcriptionally controls the stability of PPP1R15A mRNA encoding GADD34. We establish that the 3' untranslated region of PPP1R15A mRNA contains an active AU-rich element (ARE) recognized by proteins of the ZFP36 family, promoting its rapid decay under normal conditions and stabilization for efficient expression of GADD34 in response to stress. We identify the tight temporal control of PPP1R15A mRNA turnover as a component of the transient ISR memory, which sets the threshold for cellular responsiveness and mediates adaptation to repeated stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Magg
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessandro Manetto
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Kopp
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chia Ching Wu
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mohsen Naghizadeh
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Division of Biochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3) and Mannheim Cancer Center (MCC), 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Doris Lindner
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Division of Biochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3) and Mannheim Cancer Center (MCC), 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lucy Eke
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Julia Welsch
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan M Kallenberger
- Digital Health Center, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) and Charité, 10178 Berlin, Germany; Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johanna Schott
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Division of Biochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3) and Mannheim Cancer Center (MCC), 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, 13125 Berlin, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Faculty of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolas Locker
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK; The Pirbright Institute, GU24 0NF Pirbright, UK
| | - Georg Stoecklin
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Division of Biochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3) and Mannheim Cancer Center (MCC), 68167 Mannheim, Germany; Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Alessia Ruggieri
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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2
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Yagüe Relimpio A, Fink A, Bui DT, Fabritz S, Schröter M, Ruggieri A, Platzman I, Spatz JP. Bottom-up Assembled Synthetic SARS-CoV-2 Miniviruses Reveal Lipid Membrane Affinity of Omicron Variant Spike Glycoprotein. ACS Nano 2023; 17:23913-23923. [PMID: 37976416 PMCID: PMC10722588 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has been brought on by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The spike glycoprotein (S), which decorates the viral envelope forming a corona, is responsible for the binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and initiating the infection. In comparison to previous variants, Omicron S presents additional binding sites as well as a more positive surface charge. These changes hint at additional molecular targets for interactions between virus and cell, such as the cell membrane or proteoglycans on the cell surface. Herein, bottom-up assembled synthetic SARS-CoV-2 miniviruses (MiniVs), with a lipid composition similar to that of infectious particles, are implemented to study and compare the binding properties of Omicron and Alpha variants. Toward this end, a systematic functional screening is performed to study the binding ability of Omicron and Alpha S proteins to ACE2-functionalized and nonfunctionalized planar supported lipid bilayers. Moreover, giant unilamellar vesicles are used as a cell membrane model to perform competitive interaction assays of the two variants. Finally, two cell lines with and without presentation of the ACE2 receptor are used to confirm the binding properties of the Omicron and Alpha MiniVs to the cellular membrane. Altogether, the results reveal a significantly higher affinity of Omicron S toward both the lipid membrane and ACE2 receptor. The research presented here highlights the advantages of creating and using bottom-up assembled SARS-CoV-2 viruses to understand the impact of changes in the affinity of S for ACE2 in infection studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Yagüe Relimpio
- Department
for Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute
for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute
for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials (IMSEAM), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Fink
- Department
for Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute
for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Duc Thien Bui
- Department
for Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute
for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Fabritz
- Department
for Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute
for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Schröter
- Department
for Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute
for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessia Ruggieri
- Heidelberg
University, Medical Faculty, Centre for Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), Department
of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ilia Platzman
- Department
for Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute
for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute
for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials (IMSEAM), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Max
Planck-Bristol Center for Minimal Biology, University of Bristol, 1 Tankard’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TD, U.K.
| | - Joachim P. Spatz
- Department
for Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute
for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute
for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials (IMSEAM), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Max
Planck-Bristol Center for Minimal Biology, University of Bristol, 1 Tankard’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TD, U.K.
- Max Planck
School Matter to Life, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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3
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Küchenhoff L, Lukas P, Metz-Zumaran C, Rothhaar P, Ruggieri A, Lohmann V, Höfer T, Stanifer ML, Boulant S, Talemi SR, Graw F. Extended methods for spatial cell classification with DBSCAN-CellX. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18868. [PMID: 37914751 PMCID: PMC10620226 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45190-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Local cell densities and positioning within cellular monolayers and stratified epithelia have important implications for cell interactions and the functionality of various biological processes. To analyze the relationship between cell localization and tissue physiology, density-based clustering algorithms, such as DBSCAN, allow for a detailed characterization of the spatial distribution and positioning of individual cells. However, these methods rely on predefined parameters that influence the outcome of the analysis. With varying cell densities in cell cultures or tissues impacting cell sizes and, thus, cellular proximities, these parameters need to be carefully chosen. In addition, standard DBSCAN approaches generally come short in appropriately identifying individual cell positions. We therefore developed three extensions to the standard DBSCAN-algorithm that provide: (i) an automated parameter identification to reliably identify cell clusters, (ii) an improved identification of cluster edges; and (iii) an improved characterization of the relative positioning of cells within clusters. We apply our novel methods, which are provided as a user-friendly OpenSource-software package (DBSCAN-CellX), to cellular monolayers of different cell lines. Thereby, we show the importance of the developed extensions for the appropriate analysis of cell culture experiments to determine the relationship between cell localization and tissue physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Küchenhoff
- BioQuant-Center for Quantitative Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pascal Lukas
- BioQuant-Center for Quantitative Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Camila Metz-Zumaran
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Rothhaar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessia Ruggieri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Lohmann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Höfer
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Megan L Stanifer
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steeve Boulant
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Soheil Rastgou Talemi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frederik Graw
- BioQuant-Center for Quantitative Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Medicine 5, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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4
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Prasad V, Cerikan B, Stahl Y, Kopp K, Magg V, Acosta-Rivero N, Kim H, Klein K, Funaya C, Haselmann U, Cortese M, Heigwer F, Bageritz J, Bitto D, Jargalsaikhan S, Neufeldt C, Pahmeier F, Boutros M, Yamauchi Y, Ruggieri A, Bartenschlager R. Enhanced SARS-CoV-2 entry via UPR-dependent AMPK-related kinase NUAK2. Mol Cell 2023; 83:2559-2577.e8. [PMID: 37421942 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) remodels the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to form replication organelles, leading to ER stress and unfolded protein response (UPR). However, the role of specific UPR pathways in infection remains unclear. Here, we found that SARS-CoV-2 infection causes marginal activation of signaling sensor IRE1α leading to its phosphorylation, clustering in the form of dense ER-membrane rearrangements with embedded membrane openings, and XBP1 splicing. By investigating the factors regulated by IRE1α-XBP1 during SARS-CoV-2 infection, we identified stress-activated kinase NUAK2 as a novel host-dependency factor for SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-229E, and MERS-CoV entry. Reducing NUAK2 abundance or kinase activity impaired SARS-CoV-2 particle binding and internalization by decreasing cell surface levels of viral receptors and viral trafficking likely by modulating the actin cytoskeleton. IRE1α-dependent NUAK2 levels were elevated in SARS-CoV-2-infected and bystander non-infected cells, promoting viral spread by maintaining ACE2 cell surface levels and facilitating virion binding to bystander cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibhu Prasad
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Berati Cerikan
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yannick Stahl
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Kopp
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vera Magg
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nelson Acosta-Rivero
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heeyoung Kim
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Klein
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Charlotta Funaya
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uta Haselmann
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mirko Cortese
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Heigwer
- Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Biotechnology, Life Science and Engineering, University of Applied Sciences, Bingen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Josephine Bageritz
- Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - David Bitto
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Saruul Jargalsaikhan
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher Neufeldt
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Pahmeier
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Boutros
- Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yohei Yamauchi
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Ruggieri
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany; Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Heidelberg Partner Site, Heidelberg, Germany.
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5
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Ruggieri A. The fifth element: a novel eIF2α kinase in microglia. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57231. [PMID: 37021481 PMCID: PMC10157307 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular integrated stress response (ISR) is a central signaling pathway that tunes translation initiation in response to a wide range of cellular insults to promote cell survival. The critical node of this regulation involves the phosphorylation of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) by stress kinases. In this issue of EMBO reports, Wu et al (2023) report FAM69C as a novel eIF2α kinase that promotes ISR activation and stress granule (SG) assembly in microglia in response to oxidative stress. This work proposes a protective role for FAM69C and SGs in limiting damaging inflammatory responses commonly associated with neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Ruggieri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Diseases Research, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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6
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Maggi L, Gibertini S, Iannibelli E, Gallone A, Bragato C, Bonanno S, Blasevich F, Mantegazza R, Mora M, Ruggieri A. VP.67 A novel adult-onset vacuolar myopathy caused by a large expansion of the PLIN4 gene- clinical, histological and imaging data. Neuromuscul Disord 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2022.07.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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7
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Klein P, Kallenberger SM, Roth H, Roth K, Ly-Hartig TBN, Magg V, Aleš J, Talemi SR, Qiang Y, Wolf S, Oleksiuk O, Kurilov R, Di Ventura B, Bartenschlager R, Eils R, Rohr K, Hamprecht FA, Höfer T, Fackler OT, Stoecklin G, Ruggieri A. Temporal control of the integrated stress response by a stochastic molecular switch. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabk2022. [PMID: 35319985 PMCID: PMC8942376 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are formed in the cytosol as an acute response to environmental cues and activation of the integrated stress response (ISR), a central signaling pathway controlling protein synthesis. Using chronic virus infection as stress model, we previously uncovered a unique temporal control of the ISR resulting in recurrent phases of SG assembly and disassembly. Here, we elucidate the molecular network generating this fluctuating stress response by integrating quantitative experiments with mathematical modeling and find that the ISR operates as a stochastic switch. Key elements controlling this switch are the cooperative activation of the stress-sensing kinase PKR, the ultrasensitive response of SG formation to the phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor eIF2α, and negative feedback via GADD34, a stress-induced subunit of protein phosphatase 1. We identify GADD34 messenger RNA levels as the molecular memory of the ISR that plays a central role in cell adaptation to acute and chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Klein
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Diseases Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan M. Kallenberger
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Digital Health Center, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) and Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hanna Roth
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Diseases Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Roth
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Diseases Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thi Bach Nga Ly-Hartig
- Division of Biochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vera Magg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Diseases Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Janez Aleš
- HCI/IWR, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Soheil Rastgou Talemi
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yu Qiang
- Biomedical Computer Vision Group, BioQuant, IPMB, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Wolf
- HCI/IWR, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olga Oleksiuk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Diseases Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roma Kurilov
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Di Ventura
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Diseases Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Eils
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Digital Health Center, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) and Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl Rohr
- Biomedical Computer Vision Group, BioQuant, IPMB, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Höfer
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver T. Fackler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Diseases Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg Stoecklin
- Division of Biochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessia Ruggieri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Diseases Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Corresponding author.
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8
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Staufer O, Gupta K, Hernandez Bücher JE, Kohler F, Sigl C, Singh G, Vasileiou K, Yagüe Relimpio A, Macher M, Fabritz S, Dietz H, Cavalcanti Adam EA, Schaffitzel C, Ruggieri A, Platzman I, Berger I, Spatz JP. Synthetic virions reveal fatty acid-coupled adaptive immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. Nat Commun 2022; 13:868. [PMID: 35165285 PMCID: PMC8844029 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28446-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection is a major global public health concern with incompletely understood pathogenesis. The SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein comprises a highly conserved free fatty acid binding pocket (FABP) with unknown function and evolutionary selection advantage1,2. Deciphering FABP impact on COVID-19 progression is challenged by the heterogenous nature and large molecular variability of live virus. Here we create synthetic minimal virions (MiniVs) of wild-type and mutant SARS-CoV-2 with precise molecular composition and programmable complexity by bottom-up assembly. MiniV-based systematic assessment of S free fatty acid (FFA) binding reveals that FABP functions as an allosteric regulatory site enabling adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 immunogenicity to inflammation states via binding of pro-inflammatory FFAs. This is achieved by regulation of the S open-to-close equilibrium and the exposure of both, the receptor binding domain (RBD) and the SARS-CoV-2 RGD motif that is responsible for integrin co-receptor engagement. We find that the FDA-approved drugs vitamin K and dexamethasone modulate S-based cell binding in an FABP-like manner. In inflammatory FFA environments, neutralizing immunoglobulins from human convalescent COVID-19 donors lose neutralization activity. Empowered by our MiniV technology, we suggest a conserved mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 dynamically couples its immunogenicity to the host immune response. Staufer et al. provide a protocol for preparation of synthetic minimal virions (MiniV) of SARS-CoV-2, mimicking viral structure and allowing for precise investigation of receptor binding mechanism. They find that the highly conserved free fatty acid binding pocket (FABP) can function as an allosteric regulator, enabling adaptation of immunogenicity via binding of proinflammatory free fatty acids and mediating the spike open to-closed equilibrium.
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9
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Stolp B, Stern M, Ambiel I, Hofmann K, Morath K, Gallucci L, Cortese M, Bartenschlager R, Ruggieri A, Graw F, Rudelius M, Keppler OT, Fackler OT. SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern display enhanced intrinsic pathogenic properties and expanded organ tropism in mouse models. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110387. [PMID: 35134331 PMCID: PMC8795826 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Stolp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Marcel Stern
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, Faculty of Medicine, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Ina Ambiel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Hofmann
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, Faculty of Medicine, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Morath
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lara Gallucci
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mirko Cortese
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessia Ruggieri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frederik Graw
- BioQuant-Center for Quantitative Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Rudelius
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Till Keppler
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, Faculty of Medicine, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site München, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Till Fackler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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10
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Magg V, Klein P, Ruggieri A. Monitoring Virus-Induced Stress Granule Dynamics Using Long-Term Live-Cell Imaging. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2428:325-348. [PMID: 35171489 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1975-9_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The integrated stress response is a highly regulated signaling cascade that allows cells to react to a variety of external and internal stimuli. Activation of different stress-responsive kinases leads to the phosphorylation of their common downstream target, the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α), which is a critical component of functional translation preinitiation complexes. As a consequence, stalled ribonucleoprotein complexes accumulate in the cytoplasm and condense into microscopically visible cytoplasmic stress granules (SGs). Over the past years, numerous microscopy approaches have been developed to study the spatiotemporal control of SG formation in response to a variety of stressors. Here, we apply long-term live-cell microscopy to monitor the dynamic cellular stress response triggered by infection with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) at single-cell level and study the behavior of infected cells that repeatedly switch between a stressed and unstressed state. We describe in detail the engineering of fluorescent SG-reporter cells expressing enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)-tagged T cell internal antigen 1 (TIA-1) using lentiviral delivery, as well as the production of mCherry-tagged HCV trans-complemented particles, which allow live tracking of SG assembly and disassembly, SG number and size in single infected cells over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Magg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Klein
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessia Ruggieri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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11
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Maus H, Barthels F, Hammerschmidt SJ, Kopp K, Millies B, Gellert A, Ruggieri A, Schirmeister T. SAR of novel benzothiazoles targeting an allosteric pocket of DENV and ZIKV NS2B/NS3 proteases. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 47:116392. [PMID: 34509861 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV), both mosquito-borne members of the Flaviviridae family, have emerged as intercontinental health issues since their vectors have spread from their tropical origins to temperate climate zones due to climate change and increasing globalization. DENV and ZIKV are positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses, whose genomes consist of three structural (capsid, membrane precursor, envelope) and seven non-structural (NS) proteins, all of which are initially expressed as a single precursor polyprotein. For virus maturation, the polyprotein processing is accomplished by host proteases and the viral NS2B/NS3 protease complex, whose inhibitors have been shown to be effective antiviral agents with loss of viral pathogenicity. In this work, we elucidate new structure-activity relationships of benzo[d]thiazole-based allosteric NS2B/NS3 inhibitors. We developed a new series of Y-shaped inhibitors, which, with its larger hydrophobic contact surface, should bind to previously unaddressed regions of the allosteric NS2B/NS3 binding pocket. By scaffold-hopping, we varied the benzo[d]thiazole core and identified benzofuran as a new lead scaffold shifting the selectivity of initially ZIKV-targeting inhibitors to higher activities towards the DENV protease. In addition, we were able to increase the ligand efficiency from 0.27 to 0.41 by subsequent inhibitor truncation and identified N-(5,6-dihydroxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-4-iodobenzamide as a novel sub-micromolar NS2B/NS3 inhibitor. Utilizing cell-based assays, we could prove the antiviral activity in cellulo. Overall, we report new series of sub-micromolar allosteric DENV and ZIKV inhibitors with good efficacy profile in terms of cytotoxicity and protease inhibition selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Maus
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Staudingerweg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Fabian Barthels
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Staudingerweg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Josef Hammerschmidt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Staudingerweg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katja Kopp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Millies
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Staudingerweg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrea Gellert
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Staudingerweg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Alessia Ruggieri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Staudingerweg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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12
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Pahmeier F, Neufeldt CJ, Cerikan B, Prasad V, Pape C, Laketa V, Ruggieri A, Bartenschlager R, Cortese M. A Versatile Reporter System To Monitor Virus-Infected Cells and Its Application to Dengue Virus and SARS-CoV-2. J Virol 2021; 95:e01715-20. [PMID: 33257477 PMCID: PMC7851548 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01715-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Positive-strand RNA viruses have been the etiological agents in several major disease outbreaks over the last few decades. Examples of this include flaviviruses, such as dengue virus and Zika virus, which cause millions of yearly infections around the globe, and coronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV-2, the source of the current pandemic. The severity of outbreaks caused by these viruses stresses the importance of research aimed at determining methods to limit virus spread and to curb disease severity. Such studies require molecular tools to decipher virus-host interactions and to develop effective treatments. Here, we describe the generation and characterization of a reporter system that can be used to visualize and identify cells infected with dengue virus or SARS-CoV-2. This system is based on viral protease activity that mediates cleavage and nuclear translocation of an engineered fluorescent protein stably expressed in cells. We show the suitability of this system for live cell imaging, for visualization of single infected cells, and for screening and testing of antiviral compounds. With the integrated modular building blocks, this system is easy to manipulate and can be adapted to any virus encoding a protease, thus offering a high degree of flexibility.IMPORTANCE Reporter systems are useful tools for fast and quantitative visualization of virus-infected cells within a host cell population. Here, we describe a reporter system that takes advantage of virus-encoded proteases expressed in infected cells to cleave an ER-anchored fluorescent protein fused to a nuclear localization sequence. Upon cleavage, the GFP moiety translocates to the nucleus, allowing for rapid detection of the infected cells. Using this system, we demonstrate reliable reporting activity for two major human pathogens from the Flaviviridae and the Coronaviridae families: dengue virus and SARS-CoV-2. We apply this reporter system to live cell imaging and use it for proof-of-concept to validate antiviral activity of a nucleoside analogue. This reporter system is not only an invaluable tool for the characterization of viral replication, but also for the discovery and development of antivirals that are urgently needed to halt the spread of these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Pahmeier
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher J Neufeldt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Berati Cerikan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vibhu Prasad
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Costantin Pape
- HCI/IWR, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vibor Laketa
- German Center for Infection Research, Heidelberg partner site, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessia Ruggieri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Heidelberg partner site, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division "Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis", German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mirko Cortese
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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13
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Abstract
Beyond their high clinical relevance worldwide, flaviviruses (comprising dengue and Zika viruses) are of particular interest to understand the spatiotemporal control of RNA metabolism. Indeed, their positive single-stranded viral RNA genome (vRNA) undergoes in the cytoplasm replication, translation and encapsidation, three steps of the flavivirus life cycle that are coordinated through a fine-tuned equilibrium. Over the last years, RNA methylation has emerged as a powerful mechanism to regulate messenger RNA metabolism at the posttranscriptional level. Not surprisingly, flaviviruses exploit RNA epigenetic strategies to control crucial steps of their replication cycle as well as to evade sensing by the innate immune system. This review summarizes the current knowledge about vRNA methylation events and their impacts on flavivirus replication and pathogenesis. We also address the important challenges that the field of epitranscriptomics faces in reliably and accurately identifying RNA methylation sites, which should be considered in future studies on viral RNA modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Ruggieri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Centre for Integrative Infectious Disease Research University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark Helm
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Mainz, Germany
| | - Laurent Chatel-Chaix
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Québec, Canada
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14
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Cortese M, Lee JY, Cerikan B, Neufeldt CJ, Oorschot VMJ, Köhrer S, Hennies J, Schieber NL, Ronchi P, Mizzon G, Romero-Brey I, Santarella-Mellwig R, Schorb M, Boermel M, Mocaer K, Beckwith MS, Templin RM, Gross V, Pape C, Tischer C, Frankish J, Horvat NK, Laketa V, Stanifer M, Boulant S, Ruggieri A, Chatel-Chaix L, Schwab Y, Bartenschlager R. Integrative Imaging Reveals SARS-CoV-2-Induced Reshaping of Subcellular Morphologies. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 28:853-866.e5. [PMID: 33245857 PMCID: PMC7670925 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenesis induced by SARS-CoV-2 is thought to result from both an inflammation-dominated cytokine response and virus-induced cell perturbation causing cell death. Here, we employ an integrative imaging analysis to determine morphological organelle alterations induced in SARS-CoV-2-infected human lung epithelial cells. We report 3D electron microscopy reconstructions of whole cells and subcellular compartments, revealing extensive fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus, alteration of the mitochondrial network and recruitment of peroxisomes to viral replication organelles formed by clusters of double-membrane vesicles (DMVs). These are tethered to the endoplasmic reticulum, providing insights into DMV biogenesis and spatial coordination of SARS-CoV-2 replication. Live cell imaging combined with an infection sensor reveals profound remodeling of cytoskeleton elements. Pharmacological inhibition of their dynamics suppresses SARS-CoV-2 replication. We thus report insights into virus-induced cytopathic effects and provide alongside a comprehensive publicly available repository of 3D datasets of SARS-CoV-2-infected cells for download and smooth online visualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Cortese
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Heidelberg partner site, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Berati Cerikan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher J Neufeldt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Viola M J Oorschot
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Köhrer
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Hematology/Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Hennies
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Collaboration for joint PhD degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicole L Schieber
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paolo Ronchi
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Giulia Mizzon
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Electron Microscopy Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Inés Romero-Brey
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Martin Schorb
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mandy Boermel
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karel Mocaer
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marianne S Beckwith
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rachel M Templin
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Viktoriia Gross
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Constantin Pape
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Tischer
- Center for Bioimage Analysis, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jamie Frankish
- BioMed X Institute, BioMed X GmbH, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Natalie K Horvat
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), Otto-Meyerhof-Zentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vibor Laketa
- German Center for Infection Research, Heidelberg partner site, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Megan Stanifer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steeve Boulant
- Research Group "Cellular polarity and viral infection," German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessia Ruggieri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laurent Chatel-Chaix
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531, Boulevard des Prairies Laval, Québec, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Yannick Schwab
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Electron Microscopy Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Heidelberg partner site, Heidelberg, Germany; Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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15
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Molino D, Pila-Castellanos I, Marjault HB, Dias Amoedo N, Kopp K, Rochin L, Karmi O, Sohn YS, Lines L, Hamaï A, Joly S, Radreau P, Vonderscher J, Codogno P, Giordano F, Machin P, Rossignol R, Meldrum E, Arnoult D, Ruggieri A, Nechushtai R, de Chassey B, Morel E. Chemical targeting of NEET proteins reveals their function in mitochondrial morphodynamics. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e49019. [PMID: 33180995 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Several human pathologies including neurological, cardiac, infectious, cancerous, and metabolic diseases have been associated with altered mitochondria morphodynamics. Here, we identify a small organic molecule, which we named Mito-C. Mito-C is targeted to mitochondria and rapidly provokes mitochondrial network fragmentation. Biochemical analyses reveal that Mito-C is a member of a new class of heterocyclic compounds that target the NEET protein family, previously reported to regulate mitochondrial iron and ROS homeostasis. One of the NEET proteins, NAF-1, is identified as an important regulator of mitochondria morphodynamics that facilitates recruitment of DRP1 to the ER-mitochondria interface. Consistent with the observation that certain viruses modulate mitochondrial morphogenesis as a necessary part of their replication cycle, Mito-C counteracts dengue virus-induced mitochondrial network hyperfusion and represses viral replication. The newly identified chemical class including Mito-C is of therapeutic relevance for pathologies where altered mitochondria dynamics is part of disease etiology and NEET proteins are highlighted as important therapeutic targets in anti-viral research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Molino
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Irene Pila-Castellanos
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,ENYO-Pharma, Lyon, France
| | - Henri-Baptiste Marjault
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Katja Kopp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Centre for Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leila Rochin
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Paris-Sud University, Saclay University, Paris, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ola Karmi
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yang-Sung Sohn
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Ahmed Hamaï
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Patrice Codogno
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Francesca Giordano
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Paris-Sud University, Saclay University, Paris, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Rodrigue Rossignol
- Cellomet, Genomic Functional Center, Bordeaux, France.,Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), INSERM U1211, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Damien Arnoult
- Institut André Lwoff, INSERM UMRS1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Alessia Ruggieri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Centre for Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rachel Nechushtai
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Etienne Morel
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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16
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Eiermann N, Haneke K, Sun Z, Stoecklin G, Ruggieri A. Dance with the Devil: Stress Granules and Signaling in Antiviral Responses. Viruses 2020; 12:v12090984. [PMID: 32899736 PMCID: PMC7552005 DOI: 10.3390/v12090984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells have evolved highly specialized sentinels that detect viral infection and elicit an antiviral response. Among these, the stress-sensing protein kinase R, which is activated by double-stranded RNA, mediates suppression of the host translation machinery as a strategy to limit viral replication. Non-translating mRNAs rapidly condensate by phase separation into cytosolic stress granules, together with numerous RNA-binding proteins and components of signal transduction pathways. Growing evidence suggests that the integrated stress response, and stress granules in particular, contribute to antiviral defense. This review summarizes the current understanding of how stress and innate immune signaling act in concert to mount an effective response against virus infection, with a particular focus on the potential role of stress granules in the coordination of antiviral signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Eiermann
- Division of Biochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (N.E.); (K.H.); (G.S.)
| | - Katharina Haneke
- Division of Biochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (N.E.); (K.H.); (G.S.)
| | - Zhaozhi Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Georg Stoecklin
- Division of Biochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (N.E.); (K.H.); (G.S.)
| | - Alessia Ruggieri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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17
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Lee JY, Cortese M, Haselmann U, Tabata K, Romero-Brey I, Funaya C, Schieber NL, Qiang Y, Bartenschlager M, Kallis S, Ritter C, Rohr K, Schwab Y, Ruggieri A, Bartenschlager R. Spatiotemporal Coupling of the Hepatitis C Virus Replication Cycle by Creating a Lipid Droplet- Proximal Membranous Replication Compartment. Cell Rep 2020; 27:3602-3617.e5. [PMID: 31216478 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease, affecting around 71 million people worldwide. Viral RNA replication occurs in a membranous compartment composed of double-membrane vesicles (DMVs), whereas virus particles are thought to form by budding into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It is unknown how these steps are orchestrated in space and time. Here, we established an imaging system to visualize HCV structural and replicase proteins in live cells and with high resolution. We determined the conditions for the recruitment of viral proteins to putative assembly sites and studied the dynamics of this event and the underlying ultrastructure. Most notable was the selective recruitment of ER membranes around lipid droplets where structural proteins and the viral replicase colocalize. Moreover, ER membranes wrapping lipid droplets were decorated with double membrane vesicles, providing a topological map of how HCV might coordinate the steps of viral replication and virion assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Heidelberg Partner Site, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mirko Cortese
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uta Haselmann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Keisuke Tabata
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Inés Romero-Brey
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Charlotta Funaya
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicole L Schieber
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yu Qiang
- Biomedical Computer Vision Group, Heidelberg University, BIOQUANT, IPMB, and DKFZ Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marie Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Kallis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Ritter
- Biomedical Computer Vision Group, Heidelberg University, BIOQUANT, IPMB, and DKFZ Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karl Rohr
- Biomedical Computer Vision Group, Heidelberg University, BIOQUANT, IPMB, and DKFZ Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yannick Schwab
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Electron Microscopy Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessia Ruggieri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Heidelberg Partner Site, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, Heidelberg, Germany.
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18
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Cortese M, Kumar A, Matula P, Kaderali L, Scaturro P, Erfle H, Acosta EG, Buehler S, Ruggieri A, Chatel-Chaix L, Rohr K, Bartenschlager R. Reciprocal Effects of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Signaling on Dengue Virus Replication and Virion Production. Cell Rep 2020; 27:2579-2592.e6. [PMID: 31141684 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a human arboviral pathogen accounting for 390 million infections every year. The available vaccine has limited efficacy, and DENV-specific drugs have not been generated. To better understand DENV-host cell interaction, we employed RNA interference-based screening of the human kinome and identified fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) to control the DENV replication cycle. Pharmacological inhibition of FGFR exerts a reciprocal effect by reducing DENV RNA replication and promoting the production of infectious virus particles. Addressing the latter effect, we found that the FGFR signaling pathway modulates intracellular distribution of DENV particles in a PI3K-dependent manner. Upon FGFR inhibition, virions accumulate in the trans-Golgi network compartment, where they undergo enhanced maturation cleavage of the envelope protein precursor membrane (prM), rendering virus particles more infectious. This study reveals an unexpected reciprocal role of a cellular receptor tyrosine kinase regulating DENV RNA replication and the production of infectious virions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Cortese
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Petr Matula
- Biomedical Computer Vision Group, Heidelberg University, BioQuant, IPMB, and German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Lars Kaderali
- ViroQuant Research Group Modeling, BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pietro Scaturro
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Holger Erfle
- Advanced Biological Screening Facility, BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Eliana Gisela Acosta
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Sandra Buehler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Alessia Ruggieri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Laurent Chatel-Chaix
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Armand-Frappier, 531, Boulevard des Prairies Laval, Québec, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Karl Rohr
- Biomedical Computer Vision Group, Heidelberg University, BioQuant, IPMB, and German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Heidelberg Partner Site, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
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19
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Zitzmann C, Schmid B, Ruggieri A, Perelson AS, Binder M, Bartenschlager R, Kaderali L. A Coupled Mathematical Model of the Intracellular Replication of Dengue Virus and the Host Cell Immune Response to Infection. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:725. [PMID: 32411105 PMCID: PMC7200986 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DV) is a positive-strand RNA virus of the Flavivirus genus. It is one of the most prevalent mosquito-borne viruses, infecting globally 390 million individuals per year. The clinical spectrum of DV infection ranges from an asymptomatic course to severe complications such as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS), the latter because of severe plasma leakage. Given that the outcome of infection is likely determined by the kinetics of viral replication and the antiviral host cell immune response (HIR) it is of importance to understand the interaction between these two parameters. In this study, we use mathematical modeling to characterize and understand the complex interplay between intracellular DV replication and the host cells' defense mechanisms. We first measured viral RNA, viral protein, and virus particle production in Huh7 cells, which exhibit a notoriously weak intrinsic antiviral response. Based on these measurements, we developed a detailed intracellular DV replication model. We then measured replication in IFN competent A549 cells and used this data to couple the replication model with a model describing IFN activation and production of IFN stimulated genes (ISGs), as well as their interplay with DV replication. By comparing the cell line specific DV replication, we found that host factors involved in replication complex formation and virus particle production are crucial for replication efficiency. Regarding possible modes of action of the HIR, our model fits suggest that the HIR mainly affects DV RNA translation initiation, cytosolic DV RNA degradation, and naïve cell infection. We further analyzed the potential of direct acting antiviral drugs targeting different processes of the DV lifecycle in silico and found that targeting RNA synthesis and virus assembly and release are the most promising anti-DV drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Zitzmann
- Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, Institute of Bioinformatics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Bianca Schmid
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessia Ruggieri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alan S Perelson
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Marco Binder
- Research Group "Dynamics of Early Viral Infection and the Innate Antiviral Response", Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis (F170), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lars Kaderali
- Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, Institute of Bioinformatics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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20
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Haneke K, Schott J, Lindner D, Hollensen AK, Damgaard CK, Mongis C, Knop M, Palm W, Ruggieri A, Stoecklin G. CDK1 couples proliferation with protein synthesis. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:e201906147. [PMID: 32040547 PMCID: PMC7054999 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201906147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell proliferation exerts a high demand on protein synthesis, yet the mechanisms coupling the two processes are not fully understood. A kinase and phosphatase screen for activators of translation, based on the formation of stress granules in human cells, revealed cell cycle-associated kinases as major candidates. CDK1 was identified as a positive regulator of global translation, and cell synchronization experiments showed that this is an extramitotic function of CDK1. Different pathways including eIF2α, 4EBP, and S6K1 signaling contribute to controlling global translation downstream of CDK1. Moreover, Ribo-Seq analysis uncovered that CDK1 exerts a particularly strong effect on the translation of 5'TOP mRNAs, which includes mRNAs encoding ribosomal proteins and several translation factors. This effect requires the 5'TOP mRNA-binding protein LARP1, concurrent to our finding that LARP1 phosphorylation is strongly dependent on CDK1. Thus, CDK1 provides a direct means to couple cell proliferation with biosynthesis of the translation machinery and the rate of protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Haneke
- Division of Biochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johanna Schott
- Division of Biochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Doris Lindner
- Division of Biochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne Kruse Hollensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Cyril Mongis
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Knop
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
- Cell Morphogenesis and Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Palm
- Cell Signaling and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessia Ruggieri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Diseases Research, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg Stoecklin
- Division of Biochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
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21
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Trautz B, Wiedemann H, Lüchtenborg C, Pierini V, Kranich J, Glass B, Kräusslich HG, Brocker T, Pizzato M, Ruggieri A, Brügger B, Fackler OT. Correction: The host-cell restriction factor SERINC5 restricts HIV-1 infectivity without altering the lipid composition and organization of viral particles. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:18951. [PMID: 31811051 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.aac119.011798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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22
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Longhini V, Cardoso A, Berça A, Boddey R, van Cleef F, Reis R, Ruggieri A. PSXI-39 Effect of legume inclusion and nitrogen fertilization on ammonia volatilization from cattle excreta in tropical grassland. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V Longhini
- Sao Paulo State University,Jaboticabal, Brazil; FAPESP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Cardoso
- Sao Paulo State University,Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - A Berça
- Sao Paulo State University,Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - R Boddey
- Embrapa Agrobiologia, Seropédica, Brazil, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - F van Cleef
- University of Florida, North Florida Research and Education Center,Marianna, United States,Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - R Reis
- Sao Paulo State University,Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - A Ruggieri
- Sao Paulo State University,Jaboticabal, Brazil
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23
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Longhini V, Cardoso A, Berça A, Boddey R, Reis R, van Cleef F, Ruggieri A. PSXI-38 Nitrous oxide emissions from excreta of cattle grazed in mixed, single or fertilized pastures of Marandu-grass. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V Longhini
- Sao Paulo State University,Jaboticabal, Brazil; FAPESP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Cardoso
- Sao Paulo State University,Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - A Berça
- Sao Paulo State University,Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - R Boddey
- Embrapa Agrobiologia,Seropédica, Brazil
| | - R Reis
- Sao Paulo State University,Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - F van Cleef
- University of Florida, North Florida Research and Education Center,Marianna, United States,Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - A Ruggieri
- Sao Paulo State University,Jaboticabal, Brazil
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24
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Schult P, Roth H, Adams RL, Mas C, Imbert L, Orlik C, Ruggieri A, Pyle AM, Lohmann V. microRNA-122 amplifies hepatitis C virus translation by shaping the structure of the internal ribosomal entry site. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2613. [PMID: 29973597 PMCID: PMC6031695 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05053-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver-specific microRNA-122 (miR-122) recognizes two conserved sites at the 5′ end of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome and contributes to stability, translation, and replication of the viral RNA. We show that stimulation of the HCV internal ribosome entry site (IRES) by miR-122 is essential for efficient viral replication. The mechanism relies on a dual function of the 5′ terminal sequence in the complementary positive (translation) and negative strand (replication), requiring different secondary structures. Predictions and experimental evidence argue for several alternative folds involving the miR-binding region (MBR) adjacent to the IRES and interfering with its function. Mutations in the MBR, designed to suppress these dysfunctional structures indeed stimulate translation independently of miR-122. Conversely, MBR mutants favoring alternative folds show impaired IRES activity. Our results therefore suggest that miR-122 binding assists the folding of a functional IRES in an RNA chaperone-like manner by suppressing energetically favorable alternative secondary structures. The liver-specific microRNA-122 is an essential proviral host factor of Hepatitis C virus replication. Here the authors show that microRNA-122 functions as an RNA chaperone that guides the formation of a functional internal ribosome entry site by preventing energetically more favorable secondary structures within the HCV RNA genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Schult
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hanna Roth
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca L Adams
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 219 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Caroline Mas
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 10090, 38044, Grenoble CEDEX 9, France
| | - Lionel Imbert
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 10090, 38044, Grenoble CEDEX 9, France
| | - Christian Orlik
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Immunology, Molecular Immunology, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessia Ruggieri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna M Pyle
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 219 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 219 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Volker Lohmann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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25
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Röltgen K, Rose N, Ruggieri A, Warryn L, Scherr N, Pinho-Nascimento CA, Tamborrini M, Jaenisch T, Pluschke G. Development of Dengue Virus Serotype-Specific NS1 Capture Assays for the Rapid and Highly Sensitive Identification of the Infecting Serotype in Human Sera. J Immunol 2018; 200:3857-3866. [PMID: 29661824 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dengue fever can be caused by one of four distinct dengue virus (DENV) serotypes that cocirculate in many parts of the world. Point of care serotype-specific nonstructural protein-1 (NS1) capture assays for the rapid serotyping of DENV in human sera would greatly support epidemiological surveillance and potentially also prognosis in individual patients. To ensure both serotype specificity and broad coverage of variants within serotypes, we have applied an innovative approach for the generation and selection of serotype-specific anti-NS1 mAbs. To elicit mAbs against conformational epitopes, NMRI mice were immunized with living HEK 293 transfectants expressing the native target Ags in multiple display on the cell surface. For each serotype, three different NS1 sequence variants were sequentially used for immunization of mice, hybridoma selection, and capture assay development, respectively. Selection of optimal combinations of capturing and detecting mAbs yielded highly sensitive and specific NS1 serotyping ELISAs (st-ELISAs) for the four serotypes. st-ELISA testing of 41 dengue patient sera showed a 100% concordance with the serotype determined by serotype-specific reverse transcriptase real-time quantitative PCR. The respective NS1 variants could be detected for ∼10 d after the onset of illness. Ab-dependent enhancement of DENV infections may be associated with a specific range of pre-existing anti-DENV serological Ab titers. Testing of patient sera with the developed st-ELISAs will not only be useful for epidemiological studies and surveillance, but it may also help to develop and validate assays that can distinguish protective versus enhancing Ab responses for risk assessment for the development of severe dengue disease in individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Röltgen
- Molecular Immunology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; .,University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Natalie Rose
- Molecular Immunology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Ruggieri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Louisa Warryn
- Molecular Immunology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Scherr
- Molecular Immunology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Marco Tamborrini
- Molecular Immunology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Jaenisch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Section Clinical Tropical Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerd Pluschke
- Molecular Immunology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
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26
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Cortese M, Goellner S, Acosta EG, Neufeldt CJ, Oleksiuk O, Lampe M, Haselmann U, Funaya C, Schieber N, Ronchi P, Schorb M, Pruunsild P, Schwab Y, Chatel-Chaix L, Ruggieri A, Bartenschlager R. Ultrastructural Characterization of Zika Virus Replication Factories. Cell Rep 2017; 18:2113-2123. [PMID: 28249158 PMCID: PMC5340982 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A global concern has emerged with the pandemic spread of Zika virus (ZIKV) infections that can cause severe neurological symptoms in adults and newborns. ZIKV is a positive-strand RNA virus replicating in virus-induced membranous replication factories (RFs). Here we used various imaging techniques to investigate the ultrastructural details of ZIKV RFs and their relationship with host cell organelles. Analyses of human hepatic cells and neural progenitor cells infected with ZIKV revealed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane invaginations containing pore-like openings toward the cytosol, reminiscent to RFs in Dengue virus-infected cells. Both the MR766 African strain and the H/PF/2013 Asian strain, the latter linked to neurological diseases, induce RFs of similar architecture. Importantly, ZIKV infection causes a drastic reorganization of microtubules and intermediate filaments forming cage-like structures surrounding the viral RF. Consistently, ZIKV replication is suppressed by cytoskeleton-targeting drugs. Thus, ZIKV RFs are tightly linked to rearrangements of the host cell cytoskeleton. ZIKV induces ER membrane invaginations similar to Dengue virus ZIKV induces profound alterations of the cytoskeleton Microtubules and intermediate filaments surround the ZIKV replication factory ZIKV replication is sensitive to cytoskeleton-targeting drugs
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Cortese
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Goellner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eliana Gisela Acosta
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher John Neufeldt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olga Oleksiuk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marko Lampe
- Advanced Light Microscopy Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uta Haselmann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Charlotta Funaya
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicole Schieber
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paolo Ronchi
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Schorb
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Priit Pruunsild
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yannick Schwab
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Electron Microscopy Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laurent Chatel-Chaix
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Armand-Frappier, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Alessia Ruggieri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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27
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Zanotti S, Gibertini S, Blasevich F, Saredi S, Bragato C, Ruggieri A, Mantegazza R, Maggi L, Mora M. Potential role of exosomes in skeletal muscle fibrosis. Neuromuscul Disord 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.06.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Abstract
The role of m6A methylation of RNA has remained elusive for decades, but recent technological advances are now allowing the mapping of the m6A methylation landscape at nucleotide level. This has spurred an explosion in our understanding of the role played by RNA epigenetics in RNA biology. m6A modifications have been tied to almost every aspect of the mRNA life cycle and it is now clear that RNA virus genomes are subject to m6A methylation. These modifications play various roles in the viral replication cycle. This review will summarize recent breakthroughs concerning m6A RNA modification and their implications for cellular and viral RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Brocard
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Alessia Ruggieri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Locker
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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29
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Trautz B, Wiedemann H, Lüchtenborg C, Pierini V, Kranich J, Glass B, Kräusslich HG, Brocker T, Pizzato M, Ruggieri A, Brügger B, Fackler OT. The host-cell restriction factor SERINC5 restricts HIV-1 infectivity without altering the lipid composition and organization of viral particles. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:13702-13713. [PMID: 28659343 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.797332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The host-cell restriction factor SERINC5 potently suppresses the infectivity of HIV, type 1 (HIV-1) particles, and is counteracted by the viral pathogenesis factor Nef. However, the molecular mechanism by which SERINC5 restricts HIV-1 particle infectivity is still unclear. Because SERINC proteins have been suggested to facilitate the incorporation of serine during the biosynthesis of membrane lipids and because lipid composition of HIV particles is a major determinant of the infectious potential of the particles, we tested whether SERINC5-mediated restriction of HIV particle infectivity involves alterations of membrane lipid composition. We produced and purified HIV-1 particles from SERINC5293T cells with very low endogenous SERINC5 levels under conditions in which ectopically expressed SERINC5 restricts HIV-1 infectivity and is antagonized by Nef and analyzed both virions and producer cells with quantitative lipid MS. SERINC5 restriction and Nef antagonism were not associated with significant alterations in steady-state lipid composition of producer cells and HIV particles. Sphingosine metabolism kinetics were also unaltered by SERINC5 expression. Moreover, the levels of phosphatidylserine on the surface of HIV-1 particles, which may trigger uptake into non-productive internalization pathways in target cells, did not change upon expression of SERINC5 or Nef. Finally, saturating the phosphatidylserine-binding sites on HIV target cells did not affect SERINC5 restriction or Nef antagonism. These results demonstrate that the restriction of HIV-1 particle infectivity by SERINC5 does not depend on alterations in lipid composition and organization of HIV-1 particles and suggest that channeling serine into lipid biosynthesis may not be a cardinal cellular function of SERINC5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birthe Trautz
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, and
| | - Hannah Wiedemann
- the Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, INF 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Virginia Pierini
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, and
| | - Jan Kranich
- the Institute for Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Groβhardener Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Bärbel Glass
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Kräusslich
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Brocker
- the Institute for Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Groβhardener Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Massimo Pizzato
- the University of Trento, Centre for Integrative Biology, 38122 Trento, Italy, and
| | - Alessia Ruggieri
- the Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 345, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Britta Brügger
- the Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, INF 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany,
| | - Oliver T Fackler
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, and
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Rose N, Pinho-Nascimento CA, Ruggieri A, Favuzza P, Tamborrini M, Roth H, Baroni de Moraes MT, Matile H, Jänisch T, Pluschke G, Röltgen K. Generation of monoclonal antibodies against native viral proteins using antigen-expressing mammalian cells for mouse immunization. BMC Biotechnol 2016; 16:83. [PMID: 27876044 PMCID: PMC5120561 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-016-0314-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Due to their rising incidence and progressive geographical spread, infections with mosquito-borne viruses, such as dengue (DENV), chikungunya and zika virus, have developed into major public health challenges. Since all of these viruses may cause similar symptoms and can occur in concurrent epidemics, tools for their differential diagnosis and epidemiological monitoring are of urgent need. Results Here we report the application of a novel strategy to rapidly generate monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against native viral antigens, exemplified for the DENV nonstructural glycoprotein 1 (NS1). The described system is based on the immunization of mice with transfected mammalian cells expressing the target antigens in multiple displays on their cell surface and thereby presenting them efficiently to the host immune system in their native conformation. By applying this cell-based approach to the DENV NS1 protein of serotypes 1 (D1NS1) and 4 (D4NS1), we were able to rapidly generate panels of DENV NS1 serotype cross-reactive, as well as D1NS1- and D4NS1 serotype-specific mAbs. Our data show that the generated mAbs were capable of recognizing the endogenous NS1 protein in DENV-containing biological samples. Conclusion The use of this novel immunization strategy, allows for a fast and efficient generation of hybridoma cell lines, producing mAbs against native viral antigens. Envisaged applications of the mAbs include the development of test platforms enabling a differentiation of the DENV serotypes and high resolution immunotyping for epidemiological studies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12896-016-0314-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Rose
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Molecular Immunology, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Alessia Ruggieri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paola Favuzza
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Molecular Immunology, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco Tamborrini
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Molecular Immunology, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hanna Roth
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Hugues Matile
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Molecular Immunology, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Jänisch
- Section Clinical Tropical Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerd Pluschke
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Molecular Immunology, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Röltgen
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Molecular Immunology, Basel, Switzerland. .,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Chatel-Chaix L, Cortese M, Romero-Brey I, Bender S, Neufeldt CJ, Fischl W, Scaturro P, Schieber N, Schwab Y, Fischer B, Ruggieri A, Bartenschlager R. Dengue Virus Perturbs Mitochondrial Morphodynamics to Dampen Innate Immune Responses. Cell Host Microbe 2016; 20:342-356. [PMID: 27545046 PMCID: PMC7105029 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
With no antiviral drugs or widely available vaccines, Dengue virus (DENV) constitutes a public health concern. DENV replicates at ER-derived cytoplasmic structures that include substructures called convoluted membranes (CMs); however, the purpose of these membrane alterations remains unclear. We determine that DENV nonstructural protein (NS)4B, a promising drug target with unknown function, associates with mitochondrial proteins and alters mitochondria morphology to promote infection. During infection, NS4B induces elongation of mitochondria, which physically contact CMs. This restructuring compromises the integrity of mitochondria-associated membranes, sites of ER-mitochondria interface critical for innate immune signaling. The spatio-temporal parameters of CM biogenesis and mitochondria elongation are linked to loss of activation of the fission factor Dynamin-Related Protein-1. Mitochondria elongation promotes DENV replication and alleviates RIG-I-dependent activation of interferon responses. As Zika virus infection induces similar mitochondria elongation, this perturbation may protect DENV and related viruses from innate immunity and create a favorable replicative environment. DENV NS4B induces mitochondria elongation during viral infection Elongated mitochondria and virus-induced convoluted membranes are physically linked NS4B inhibits activation of the mitochondrial fission factor DRP1 Mitochondria elongation alleviates DENV-induced RIG-I-dependent innate immunity
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Chatel-Chaix
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Mirko Cortese
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Inés Romero-Brey
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Silke Bender
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher John Neufeldt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Fischl
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pietro Scaturro
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicole Schieber
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yannick Schwab
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Fischer
- Computational Genome Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessia Ruggieri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Gribaudo S, Monetti U, Madon E, Richetto V, Tessa M, Moretto F, Ruggieri A, Cosma S, Danese S, Urgesi A. PV-0034: HDR BT alone in endometrial cancer: up-date of Piedmont experience in 18 years (71 patients). Radiother Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(16)31283-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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33
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Schmid B, Rinas M, Ruggieri A, Acosta EG, Bartenschlager M, Reuter A, Fischl W, Harder N, Bergeest JP, Flossdorf M, Rohr K, Höfer T, Bartenschlager R. Live Cell Analysis and Mathematical Modeling Identify Determinants of Attenuation of Dengue Virus 2'-O-Methylation Mutant. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1005345. [PMID: 26720415 PMCID: PMC4697809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is the most common mosquito-transmitted virus infecting ~390 million people worldwide. In spite of this high medical relevance, neither a vaccine nor antiviral therapy is currently available. DENV elicits a strong interferon (IFN) response in infected cells, but at the same time actively counteracts IFN production and signaling. Although the kinetics of activation of this innate antiviral defense and the timing of viral counteraction critically determine the magnitude of infection and thus disease, quantitative and kinetic analyses are lacking and it remains poorly understood how DENV spreads in IFN-competent cell systems. To dissect the dynamics of replication versus antiviral defense at the single cell level, we generated a fully viable reporter DENV and host cells with authentic reporters for IFN-stimulated antiviral genes. We find that IFN controls DENV infection in a kinetically determined manner that at the single cell level is highly heterogeneous and stochastic. Even at high-dose, IFN does not fully protect all cells in the culture and, therefore, viral spread occurs even in the face of antiviral protection of naïve cells by IFN. By contrast, a vaccine candidate DENV mutant, which lacks 2’-O-methylation of viral RNA is profoundly attenuated in IFN-competent cells. Through mathematical modeling of time-resolved data and validation experiments we show that the primary determinant for attenuation is the accelerated kinetics of IFN production. This rapid induction triggered by mutant DENV precedes establishment of IFN-resistance in infected cells, thus causing a massive reduction of virus production rate. In contrast, accelerated protection of naïve cells by paracrine IFN action has negligible impact. In conclusion, these results show that attenuation of the 2’-O-methylation DENV mutant is primarily determined by kinetics of autocrine IFN action on infected cells. Dengue virus (DENV) infection is a global health problem for which no selective therapy or vaccine exists. The magnitude of infection critically depends on the induction kinetics of the interferon (IFN) response and the kinetics of viral countermeasures. Here we established a novel live cell imaging system to dissect the dynamics of this interplay. We find that IFN controls DENV infection in a kinetically determined manner. At the single cell level, the IFN response is highly heterogeneous and stochastic, likely accounting for viral spread in the presence of IFN. Mathematical modeling and validation experiments show that the kinetics of activation of the IFN response critically determines control of virus replication and spread. A vaccine candidate DENV mutant lacking 2’-O-methylation of viral RNA is profoundly attenuated in IFN-competent cells. This attenuation is primarily due to accelerated kinetics of IFN production acting on infected cells in an autocrine manner. In contrast, accelerated protection of naïve cells by paracrine IFN action has negligible impact. Thus, attenuation of the 2’-O-methylation DENV mutant is primarily determined by kinetics of autocrine IFN action on infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Schmid
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Rinas
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- BioQuant Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessia Ruggieri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eliana Gisela Acosta
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marie Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antje Reuter
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Fischl
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Harder
- BioQuant Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Biomedical Computer Vision Group, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan-Philip Bergeest
- BioQuant Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Biomedical Computer Vision Group, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Flossdorf
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- BioQuant Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karl Rohr
- BioQuant Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Biomedical Computer Vision Group, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Höfer
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- BioQuant Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail: (TH); (RB)
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail: (TH); (RB)
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Grünvogel O, Esser-Nobis K, Reustle A, Schult P, Müller B, Metz P, Trippler M, Windisch MP, Frese M, Binder M, Fackler O, Bartenschlager R, Ruggieri A, Lohmann V. DDX60L Is an Interferon-Stimulated Gene Product Restricting Hepatitis C Virus Replication in Cell Culture. J Virol 2015; 89:10548-68. [PMID: 26269178 PMCID: PMC4580188 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01297-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED All major types of interferon (IFN) efficiently inhibit hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication in vitro and in vivo. Remarkably, HCV replication is not sensitive to IFN-γ in the hepatoma cell line Huh6, despite an intact signaling pathway. We performed transcriptome analyses between Huh6 and Huh-7 cells to identify effector genes of the IFN-γ response and thereby identified the DExD/H box helicase DEAD box polypeptide 60-like (DDX60L) as a restriction factor of HCV replication. DDX60L and its homolog DEAD box polypeptide 60 (DDX60) were both induced upon viral infection and IFN treatment in primary human hepatocytes. However, exclusively DDX60L knockdown increased HCV replication in Huh-7 cells and rescued HCV replication from type II IFN as well as type I and III IFN treatment, suggesting that DDX60L is an important effector protein of the innate immune response against HCV. In contrast, we found no impact of DDX60L on replication of hepatitis A virus. DDX60L protein was detectable only upon strong ectopic overexpression, displayed a broad cytoplasmic distribution, but caused cytopathic effects under these conditions. DDX60L knockdown did not alter interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) induction after IFN treatment but inhibited HCV replication upon ectopic expression, suggesting that it is a direct effector of the innate immune response. It most likely inhibits viral RNA replication, since we found neither impact of DDX60L on translation or stability of HCV subgenomic replicons nor additional impact on assembly of infectious virus. Similar to DDX60, DDX60L had a moderate impact on RIG-I dependent activation of innate immunity, suggesting additional functions in the sensing of viral RNA. IMPORTANCE Interferons induce a plethora of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), which are our first line of defense against viral infections. In addition, IFNs have been used in antiviral therapy, in particular against the human pathogen hepatitis C virus (HCV); still, their mechanism of action is not well understood, since diverse, overlapping sets of antagonistic effector ISGs target viruses with different biologies. Our work identifies DDX60L as a novel factor that inhibits replication of HCV. DDX60L expression is regulated similarly to that of its homolog DDX60, but our data suggest that it has distinct functions, since we found no contribution of DDX60 in combatting HCV replication. The identification of novel components of the innate immune response contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the complex mechanisms governing antiviral defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Grünvogel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Esser-Nobis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Reustle
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Schult
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Birthe Müller
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philippe Metz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Trippler
- Medical Research Centre, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marc P Windisch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Frese
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marco Binder
- Research Group Dynamics of Early Viral Infection and the Innate Antiviral Response, Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis (F170), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Fackler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessia Ruggieri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Lohmann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Ruggieri A, Ramachandran N, Wang P, Haan E, Kneebone C, Manavis J, Morandi L, Moroni I, Blumbergs P, Mora M, Minassian B. Non-coding VMA21 deletions cause X-linked Myopathy with Excessive Autophagy. Neuromuscul Disord 2015; 25:207-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Poenisch M, Metz P, Blankenburg H, Ruggieri A, Lee JY, Rupp D, Rebhan I, Diederich K, Kaderali L, Domingues FS, Albrecht M, Lohmann V, Erfle H, Bartenschlager R. Identification of HNRNPK as regulator of hepatitis C virus particle production. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004573. [PMID: 25569684 PMCID: PMC4287573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease affecting around 130 million people worldwide. While great progress has been made to define the principle steps of the viral life cycle, detailed knowledge how HCV interacts with its host cells is still limited. To overcome this limitation we conducted a comprehensive whole-virus RNA interference-based screen and identified 40 host dependency and 16 host restriction factors involved in HCV entry/replication or assembly/release. Of these factors, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (HNRNPK) was found to suppress HCV particle production without affecting viral RNA replication. This suppression of virus production was specific to HCV, independent from assembly competence and genotype, and not found with the related Dengue virus. By using a knock-down rescue approach we identified the domains within HNRNPK required for suppression of HCV particle production. Importantly, HNRNPK was found to interact specifically with HCV RNA and this interaction was impaired by mutations that also reduced the ability to suppress HCV particle production. Finally, we found that in HCV-infected cells, subcellular distribution of HNRNPK was altered; the protein was recruited to sites in close proximity of lipid droplets and colocalized with core protein as well as HCV plus-strand RNA, which was not the case with HNRNPK variants unable to suppress HCV virion formation. These results suggest that HNRNPK might determine efficiency of HCV particle production by limiting the availability of viral RNA for incorporation into virions. This study adds a new function to HNRNPK that acts as central hub in the replication cycle of multiple other viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Poenisch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philippe Metz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hagen Blankenburg
- Department of Computational Biology and Applied Algorithmics, Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alessia Ruggieri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Rupp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ilka Rebhan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Diederich
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lars Kaderali
- ViroQuant Research Group Modeling, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Francisco S. Domingues
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mario Albrecht
- Department of Computational Biology and Applied Algorithmics, Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Volker Lohmann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Holger Erfle
- ViroQuant-CellNetworks RNAi Screening Facility, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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de Chassey B, Aublin-Gex A, Ruggieri A, Meyniel-Schicklin L, Pradezynski F, Davoust N, Chantier T, Tafforeau L, Mangeot PE, Ciancia C, Perrin-Cocon L, Bartenschlager R, André P, Lotteau V. The interactomes of influenza virus NS1 and NS2 proteins identify new host factors and provide insights for ADAR1 playing a supportive role in virus replication. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003440. [PMID: 23853584 PMCID: PMC3701712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A NS1 and NS2 proteins are encoded by the RNA segment 8 of the viral genome. NS1 is a multifunctional protein and a virulence factor while NS2 is involved in nuclear export of viral ribonucleoprotein complexes. A yeast two-hybrid screening strategy was used to identify host factors supporting NS1 and NS2 functions. More than 560 interactions between 79 cellular proteins and NS1 and NS2 proteins from 9 different influenza virus strains have been identified. These interacting proteins are potentially involved in each step of the infectious process and their contribution to viral replication was tested by RNA interference. Validation of the relevance of these host cell proteins for the viral replication cycle revealed that 7 of the 79 NS1 and/or NS2-interacting proteins positively or negatively controlled virus replication. One of the main factors targeted by NS1 of all virus strains was double-stranded RNA binding domain protein family. In particular, adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) appeared as a pro-viral host factor whose expression is necessary for optimal viral protein synthesis and replication. Surprisingly, ADAR1 also appeared as a pro-viral host factor for dengue virus replication and directly interacted with the viral NS3 protein. ADAR1 editing activity was enhanced by both viruses through dengue virus NS3 and influenza virus NS1 proteins, suggesting a similar virus-host co-evolution. Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that rely on cellular functions for efficient replication. As most biological processes are sustained by protein-protein interactions, the identification of interactions between viral and host proteins can provide a global overview about the cellular functions engaged during viral replication. Influenza viruses express 13 viral proteins, including NS1 and NS2, which are translated from an alternatively spliced RNA derived from the same genome segment. We present here a comprehensive overview of possible interactions of cellular proteins with NS1 and NS2 from 9 viral strains. Seventy nine cellular proteins were identified to interact with NS1, NS2 or both NS1 and NS2. These interacting host cell proteins are potentially involved in many steps of the virus life cycle and 7 can directly control the viral replication. Most of the cellular targets are shared by the majority of the virus strains, especially the double-stranded RNA binding domain protein family that is strikingly targeted by NS1. One of its members, ADAR1, is essential for influenza virus replication. ADAR1 colocalizes with NS1 in nuclear structures and its editing activity is enhanced by NS1 expressed on its own and during virus infection. A similar phenomenon is observed for dengue virus whose NS3 protein also interacts with ADAR1, suggesting a parallel virus-host co-evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît de Chassey
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Laboratory of Virology, Lyon, France
| | - Anne Aublin-Gex
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, EVIR Team, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Alessia Ruggieri
- Department for Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laurène Meyniel-Schicklin
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, EVIR Team, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Fabrine Pradezynski
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, EVIR Team, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Nathalie Davoust
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, EVIR Team, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Thibault Chantier
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, EVIR Team, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Lionel Tafforeau
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, EVIR Team, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe-Emmanuel Mangeot
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, EVIR Team, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Claire Ciancia
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, EVIR Team, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Laure Perrin-Cocon
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, EVIR Team, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department for Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrice André
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Laboratory of Virology, Lyon, France
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, EVIR Team, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Lotteau
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, EVIR Team, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
- * E-mail:
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Reiss S, Harak C, Romero-Brey I, Radujkovic D, Klein R, Ruggieri A, Rebhan I, Bartenschlager R, Lohmann V. The lipid kinase phosphatidylinositol-4 kinase III alpha regulates the phosphorylation status of hepatitis C virus NS5A. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003359. [PMID: 23675303 PMCID: PMC3649985 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipid kinase phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase III alpha (PI4KIIIα) is an essential host factor of hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication. PI4KIIIα catalyzes the synthesis of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) accumulating in HCV replicating cells due to enzyme activation resulting from its interaction with nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A). This study describes the interaction between PI4KIIIα and NS5A and its mechanistic role in viral RNA replication. We mapped the NS5A sequence involved in PI4KIIIα interaction to the carboxyterminal end of domain 1 and identified a highly conserved PI4KIIIα functional interaction site (PFIS) encompassing seven amino acids, which are essential for viral RNA replication. Mutations within this region were also impaired in NS5A-PI4KIIIα binding, reduced PI4P levels and altered the morphology of viral replication sites, reminiscent to the phenotype observed by silencing of PI4KIIIα. Interestingly, abrogation of RNA replication caused by mutations in the PFIS correlated with increased levels of hyperphosphorylated NS5A (p58), indicating that PI4KIIIα affects the phosphorylation status of NS5A. RNAi-mediated knockdown of PI4KIIIα or pharmacological ablation of kinase activity led to a relative increase of p58. In contrast, overexpression of enzymatically active PI4KIIIα increased relative abundance of basally phosphorylated NS5A (p56). PI4KIIIα therefore regulates the phosphorylation status of NS5A and viral RNA replication by favoring p56 or repressing p58 synthesis. Replication deficiencies of PFIS mutants in NS5A could not be rescued by increasing PI4P levels, but by supplying functional NS5A, supporting an essential role of PI4KIIIα in HCV replication regulating NS5A phosphorylation, thereby modulating the morphology of viral replication sites. In conclusion, we demonstrate that PI4KIIIα activity affects the NS5A phosphorylation status. Our results highlight the importance of PI4KIIIα in the morphogenesis of viral replication sites and its regulation by facilitating p56 synthesis. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections affect about 170 million people worldwide and often result in severe chronic liver disease. HCV is a positive-strand RNA virus inducing massive rearrangements of intracellular membranes to generate the sites of genome replication, designated the membranous web. The complex biogenesis of the membranous web is still poorly understood, but requires the concerted action of several viral nonstructural proteins and cellular factors. Recently, we and others identified the lipid kinase phosphatidylinositol-4 kinase III alpha (PI4KIIIα), catalyzing the synthesis of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P), as an essential host factor involved in the formation of the membranous web. In this study, we characterized the virus-host interaction in greater detail using a genetic approach. We identified a highly conserved region in the viral phosphoprotein NS5A crucial for the interaction with PI4KIIIα. Surprisingly, we found that PI4KIIIα, despite being a lipid kinase, appeared to regulate the phosphorylation status of NS5A, thus contributing to viral replication. Our results furthermore suggest that the morphology of the membranous web is regulated by NS5A phosphorylation, providing novel insights into the complex regulation of viral RNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Reiss
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Ruggieri A, Dazert E, Metz P, Hofmann S, Bergeest JP, Mazur J, Bankhead P, Hiet MS, Kallis S, Alvisi G, Samuel CE, Lohmann V, Kaderali L, Rohr K, Frese M, Stoecklin G, Bartenschlager R. Dynamic oscillation of translation and stress granule formation mark the cellular response to virus infection. Cell Host Microbe 2013; 12:71-85. [PMID: 22817989 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2012.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Virus infection-induced global protein synthesis suppression is linked to assembly of stress granules (SGs), cytosolic aggregates of stalled translation preinitiation complexes. To study long-term stress responses, we developed an imaging approach for extended observation and analysis of SG dynamics during persistent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In combination with type 1 interferon, HCV infection induces highly dynamic assembly/disassembly of cytoplasmic SGs, concomitant with phases of active and stalled translation, delayed cell division, and prolonged cell survival. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), independent of viral replication, is sufficient to trigger these oscillations. Translation initiation factor eIF2α phosphorylation by protein kinase R mediates SG formation and translation arrest. This is antagonized by the upregulation of GADD34, the regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1 dephosphorylating eIF2α. Stress response oscillation is a general mechanism to prevent long-lasting translation repression and a conserved host cell reaction to multiple RNA viruses, which HCV may exploit to establish persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Ruggieri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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Metz P, Dazert E, Ruggieri A, Mazur J, Kaderali L, Kaul A, Zeuge U, Windisch MP, Trippler M, Lohmann V, Binder M, Frese M, Bartenschlager R. Identification of type I and type II interferon-induced effectors controlling hepatitis C virus replication. Hepatology 2012; 56:2082-93. [PMID: 22711689 DOI: 10.1002/hep.25908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Persistent infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) can lead to chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. All current therapies of hepatitis C include interferon-alpha (IFN-α). Moreover, IFN-gamma (IFN-γ), the only type II IFN, strongly inhibits HCV replication in vitro and is the primary mediator of HCV-specific antiviral T-cell responses. However, for both cytokines the precise set of effector protein(s) responsible for replication inhibition is not known. The aim of this study was the identification of IFN-α and IFN-γ stimulated genes (ISGs) responsible for controlling HCV replication. We devised an RNA interference (RNAi)-based "gain of function" screen and identified, in addition to known ISGs earlier reported to suppress HCV replication, several new ones with proven antiviral activity. These include IFIT3 (IFN-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3), TRIM14 (tripartite motif containing 14), PLSCR1 (phospholipid scramblase 1), and NOS2 (nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible). All ISGs identified in this study were up-regulated both by IFN-α and IFN-γ, demonstrating a substantial overlap of HCV-specific effectors induced by either cytokine. Nevertheless, some ISGs were more specific for IFN-α or IFN-γ, which was most pronounced in case of PLSCR1 and NOS2 that were identified as main effectors of IFN-γ-mediated anti-HCV activity. Combinatorial knockdowns of ISGs suggest additive or synergistic effects demonstrating that with either IFN, inhibition of HCV replication is caused by the combined action of multiple ISGs. CONCLUSION Our study identifies a number of novel ISGs contributing to the suppression of HCV replication by type I and type II IFN. We demonstrate a substantial overlap of antiviral programs triggered by either cytokine and show that suppression of HCV replication is mediated by the concerted action of multiple effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Metz
- Department of Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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Bauhofer O, Ruggieri A, Schmid B, Schirmacher P, Bartenschlager R. Persistence of HCV in quiescent hepatic cells under conditions of an interferon-induced antiviral response. Gastroenterology 2012; 143:429-38.e8. [PMID: 22522091 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a common cause of chronic liver disease. Many patients do not clear the viral infection; little is known about the mechanisms of HCV persistence or the frequent failure of interferon (IFN) to eliminate it. Better culture systems are needed to study viral replication in quiescent liver cells. METHODS We used human hepatoma (Huh7.5) cells and those that had undergone proliferation arrest and differentiation (Huh7.5(dif)) to study the persistence of HCV infection following exposure of the cells to IFN-α and to compare the antiviral effects of IFN-α and IFN-λ. We validated these results with primary human hepatocytes and Huh7 cells that expressed an IFN-inducible fluorophore. RESULTS Following infection of Huh7.5(dif) cells, HCV replicated persistently and released infectious particles. Long-term exposure of the cells to IFN-α reduced HCV replication ∼1000-fold but did not eliminate the virus; viral replication rebounded after withdrawal of IFN, as it does in patients with chronic HCV infection. HCV replicated at higher levels, but not exclusively, in cells that had a low level of response to IFN-α. Following incubation of cells with equipotent concentrations of IFN-α or IFN-λ, Huh7.5(dif) cells expressed a wider pattern of IFN-stimulated genes than undifferentiated Huh7.5 cells or primary human hepatocytes, indicating that the antiviral response depends on the differentiation status of the cells. CONCLUSIONS We developed a cell culture system using hepatoma cells to study persistent HCV infection during the type I or type III IFN-induced antiviral response. The level and range of the antiviral responses were associated with the differentiation status of the cells. We propose that HCV exploits the stochastic nature of the response of hepatocytes to IFN to sustain persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Bauhofer
- Department for Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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42
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Schmitt J, Fischer U, Heisel S, Strickfaden H, Backes C, Ruggieri A, Keller A, Chang P, Meese E. GAS41 amplification results in overexpression of a new spindle pole protein. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2012; 51:868-80. [PMID: 22619067 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.21971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Amplification is a hallmark of many human tumors but the role of most amplified genes in human tumor development is not yet understood. Previously, we identified a frequently amplified gene in glioma termed glioma-amplified sequence 41 (GAS41). Using the TCGA data portal and performing experiments on HeLa and TX3868, we analyzed the role of GAS41 amplification on GAS41 overexpression and the effect on the cell cycle. Here we show that GAS41 amplification is associated with overexpression in the majority of cases. Both induced and endogenous overexpression of GAS41 leads to an increase in multipolar spindles. We showed that GAS41 is specifically associated with pericentrosome material. As result of an increased GAS41 expression we found bipolar spindles with misaligned chromosomes. This number was even increased by a combined overexpression of GAS41 and a reduced expression of NuMA. We propose that GAS41 amplification may have an effect on the highly altered karyotype of glioblastoma via its role during spindle pole formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Schmitt
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Medical School, Homburg, Germany.
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Saredi S, Ardissone A, Ruggieri A, Mottarelli E, Farina L, Rinaldi R, Silvestri E, Gandioli C, D'Arrigo S, Salerno F, Morandi L, Grammatico P, Pantaleoni C, Moroni I, Mora M. Novel POMGNT1 point mutations and intragenic rearrangements associated with muscle-eye-brain disease. J Neurol Sci 2012; 318:45-50. [PMID: 22554691 PMCID: PMC3405532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Congenital muscular dystrophies due to defects in genes encoding proteins involved in α-dystroglycan (α-DG) glycosylation are a heterogeneous group of muscle disorders variably associated with central nervous system and eye abnormalities. One of the more severe is muscle-eye-brain disease (MEB). Mutations in genes coding for proven or putative glycosyltransferases (POMT1, POMT2, POMGnT1, fukutin, FKRP, and LARGE), the DPM3 gene encoding a DOL-P-Man synthase subunit, and the DAG1 gene encoding α-dystroglycan, have been associated with altered α-DG glycosylation. We report new POMGnT1 mutations and evaluate protein expression in 3 patients and 2 foetuses with variably severe MEB features. We identify two new point mutations (c.643 C > T, c.1863delC), one new intragenic rearrangement (deletion of exons 2–8), and a new intron retention (between exons 21 and 22) resulting from a known point mutation c.1895 + 1 G > T. Our study provides further evidence that rearrangements of the POMGnT1 gene are relatively common. Importantly, if heterozygous, they can be missed on standard genomic DNA sequencing. POMGNT1 protein analysis in 3 patients showed that the severity of the phenotype does not correlate with protein expression. Cerebral MRI is important for identifying MEB and α-dystroglycanopathy phenotypes in children and foetuses, and hence for directing the genetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Saredi
- Division of Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology, Foundation Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milano, Italy
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Scardina GA, Ruggieri A, Maresi E, Messina P. Angiogenesis in oral lichen planus: an in vivo and immunohistological evaluation. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2011; 59:457-62. [PMID: 21964862 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-011-0150-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is an autoimmune disease with an inflammatory pathogenesis. The angiogenetic phenomenon is a mechanism at the base of the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory processes. The aim of this research is to evaluate the angiogenetic phenomenon, comparing an in vitro method with an in vivo one. Thirty OLP patients and 30 healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. Immunohistochemical analysis of the vascular-endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vascular-endothelial adhesion molecules were carried out by the means of primary antibodies and anti-CD34, anti-VEGF, anti-CD106 antigen (VCAM-1) and anti-CD54 antigen (ICAM-1). Capillary density and others capillaroscopic parameters were tested in vivo using oral videocapillaroscopy. The results reveal the presence of a significant angiogenesis in OLP patients through the immunoexpression of VEGF, CD34, CD106 and CD54 (p < 0.001). Capillaroscopic analysis demonstrates significant value for the following parameters: density, tortuosity, loop diameter, afferent and efferent capillary loop diameter. The in vivo and in vitro investigation in OLP reveals a significant angiogenesis.
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Heisel S, Habel NC, Schuetz N, Ruggieri A, Meese E. The YEATS family member GAS41 interacts with the general transcription factor TFIIF. BMC Mol Biol 2010; 11:53. [PMID: 20618999 PMCID: PMC2908078 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-11-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In eukaryotes the transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II requires numerous general and regulatory factors including general transcription factors. The general transcription factor TFIIF controls the activity of the RNA polymerase II both at the initiation and elongation stages. The glioma amplified sequence 41 (GAS41) has been associated with TFIIF via its YEATS domain. Results Using GST pull-down assays, we demonstrated that GAS41 binds to both, the small subunit (RAP30) and the large subunit (RAP74) of TFIIF in vitro. The in vivo interaction of GAS41 and endogenous RAP30 and RAP74 was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. GAS41 binds to two non-overlapping regions of the C-terminus of RAP30. There is also an ionic component to the binding between GAS41 and RAP30. There was no evidence for a direct interaction between GAS41 and TBP or between GAS41 and RNA polymerase II. Conclusions Our results demonstrate binding between endogenous GAS41 and the endogenous TFIIF subunits (RAP30 and RAP74). Since we did not find evidence for a binding of GAS41 to TBP or RNA polymerase II, GAS41 seems to preferentially bind to TFIIF. GAS41 that does not contain a DNA-binding domain appears to be a co-factor of TFIIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Heisel
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
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Scardina GA, Ruggieri A, Provenzano F, Messina P. The effect of acupuncture on oral microcirculation in healthy volunteers: an exploratory study. Acupunct Med 2009; 27:114-7. [PMID: 19734381 DOI: 10.1136/aim.2009.000679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND acupuncture is a therapeutic technique currently used in the treatment of many pathologies. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential effect of acupuncture on "in vivo" variations in oral microcirculation in healthy subjects. METHODS an exploratory study was conducted on 40 healthy subjects: 20 cases (mean 55.90, SD 16.04) and 20 controls (mean 51, SD 11.91). Videocapillaroscopy was used to detect variations in oral microcirculation. This method permits an accurate and non-invasive in vivo study of the capillaries of the oral mucous. The site selected for this pilot study is the lower lip since it is the simplest to investigate and is more readily accessible. Assessments were carried out in three phases: t(0) before the application of the needles; t(1) one minute after the application; t(2) five minutes after the application; similar time points were used for the control group. Data were compared using the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS the study showed characteristic changes in oral microcirculation induced by acupuncture. The tortuousness of capillary loops and in the diameter of the afferent loop changed significantly (p<0.05) over time in the acupuncture group but not in the controls. CONCLUSIONS the findings lend support to our expectation that acupuncture may generate significant variations in oral microcirculation in healthy adults. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and evaluate the therapeutic role of acupuncture in oral pathologies.
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Abstract
Sjögren syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune rheumatic disease characterized by a progressive lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands, especially salivary and lachrymal ones, leading to xerostomia, parotid gland enlargement, and xerophthalmia. The aim of this study is to describe the capillaroscopic pattern of the interdental papilla in patients with SS and to evaluate a possible correlation with periodontal disease. Methods: A total of 25 patients affected by SS and 25 healthy controls were examined. The patients with conditions that compromise microcirculation, such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or some pharmacological treatments, were not included in the study. All the patients were nonsmokers. Periodontal capillaroscopy has been used to investigate the features of microcirculation. Visibility, course, tortuosity, as well as the possible presence of microhemorrhage, the average caliber of the capillary loops, and the number of visible capillary loops per square millimeter were evaluated for each patient. Results: The results show evident alterations to the capillaries and a typical conformation of the interdental papilla microcirculation in patients with SS; it was possible to observe a reduced caliber of capillaries, as well as a greater number and tortuosity of capillary loops. Conclusion: This study shows that capillary alterations to patients with SS occur in gingival microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessia Ruggieri
- Department of Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Pietro Messina
- Department of Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Saredi S, Mottarelli E, Ruggieri A, Ardissone A, Zanotti S, Farina L, Morandi L, Moroni I, Mora M. EM.P.2.08 Fukutin gene mutations in an Italian patient with early onset muscular dystrophy but no central nervous system involvement. Neuromuscul Disord 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2009.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Mercuri E, Messina S, Bruno C, Mora M, Pegoraro E, Comi GP, D'Amico A, Aiello C, Biancheri R, Berardinelli A, Boffi P, Cassandrini D, Laverda A, Moggio M, Morandi L, Moroni I, Pane M, Pezzani R, Pichiecchio A, Pini A, Minetti C, Mongini T, Mottarelli E, Ricci E, Ruggieri A, Saredi S, Scuderi C, Tessa A, Toscano A, Tortorella G, Trevisan CP, Uggetti C, Vasco G, Santorelli FM, Bertini E. Congenital muscular dystrophies with defective glycosylation of dystroglycan: a population study. Neurology 2009; 72:1802-9. [PMID: 19299310 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000346518.68110.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital muscular dystrophies (CMD) with reduced glycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan (alpha-DG) are a heterogeneous group of conditions associated with mutations in six genes encoding proven or putative glycosyltransferases. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to establish the prevalence of mutations in the six genes in the Italian population and the spectrum of clinical and brain MRI findings. METHODS As part of a multicentric study involving all the tertiary neuromuscular centers in Italy, FKRP, POMT1, POMT2, POMGnT1, fukutin, and LARGE were screened in 81 patients with CMD and alpha-DG reduction on muscle biopsy (n = 76) or with a phenotype suggestive of alpha-dystroglycanopathy but in whom a muscle biopsy was not available for alpha-DG immunostaining (n = 5). RESULTS Homozygous and compound heterozygous mutations were detected in a total of 43/81 patients (53%), and included seven novel variants. Mutations in POMT1 were the most prevalent in our cohort (21%), followed by POMT2 (11%), POMGnT1 (10%), and FKRP (9%). One patient carried two heterozygous mutations in fukutin and one case harbored a new homozygous variant in LARGE. No clear-cut genotype-phenotype correlation could be observed with each gene, resulting in a wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes. The more severe phenotypes, however, appeared to be consistently associated with mutations predicted to result in a severe disruption of the respective genes. CONCLUSIONS Our data broaden the clinical spectrum associated with mutations in glycosyltransferases and provide data on their prevalence in the Italian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mercuri
- Department of Child Neurology, Policlinico Gemelli, Largo Gemelli, 00168 Rome, Italy.
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Ruggieri A, Maldener E, Sauter M, Mueller-Lantzsch N, Meese E, Fackler OT, Mayer J. Human endogenous retrovirus HERV-K(HML-2) encodes a stable signal peptide with biological properties distinct from Rec. Retrovirology 2009; 6:17. [PMID: 19220907 PMCID: PMC2649029 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2008] [Accepted: 02/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The human endogenous retrovirus HERV-K(HML-2) family is associated with testicular germ cell tumors (GCT). Various HML-2 proviruses encode viral proteins such as Env and Rec. Results We describe here that HML-2 Env gives rise to a 13 kDa signal peptide (SP) that harbors a different C-terminus compared to Rec. Subsequent to guiding Env to the endoplasmatic reticulum (ER), HML-2 SP is released into the cytosol. Biochemical analysis and confocal microscopy demonstrated that similar to Rec, SP efficiently translocates to the granular component of nucleoli. Unlike Rec, SP does not shuttle between nucleus and cytoplasm. SP is less stable than Rec as it is subjected to proteasomal degradation. Moreover, SP lacks export activity towards HML-2 genomic RNA, the main function of Rec in the original viral context, and SP does not interfere with Rec's RNA export activity. Conclusion SP is a previously unrecognized HML-2 protein that, besides targeting and translocation of Env into the ER lumen, may exert biological functions distinct from Rec. HML-2 SP represents another functional similarity with the closely related Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus that encodes an Env-derived SP named p14. Our findings furthermore support the emerging concept of bioactive SPs as a conserved retroviral strategy to modulate their host cell environment, evidenced here by a "retroviral fossil". While the specific role of HML-2 SP remains to be elucidated in the context of human biology, we speculate that it may be involved in immune evasion of GCT cells or tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Ruggieri
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany.
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