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Santiago-Balmaseda A, Aguirre-Orozco A, Valenzuela-Arzeta IE, Villegas-Rojas MM, Pérez-Segura I, Jiménez-Barrios N, Hurtado-Robles E, Rodríguez-Hernández LD, Rivera-German ER, Guerra-Crespo M, Martinez-Fong D, Ledesma-Alonso C, Diaz-Cintra S, Soto-Rojas LO. Neurodegenerative Diseases: Unraveling the Heterogeneity of Astrocytes. Cells 2024; 13:921. [PMID: 38891053 PMCID: PMC11172252 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The astrocyte population, around 50% of human brain cells, plays a crucial role in maintaining the overall health and functionality of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are vital in orchestrating neuronal development by releasing synaptogenic molecules and eliminating excessive synapses. They also modulate neuronal excitability and contribute to CNS homeostasis, promoting neuronal survival by clearance of neurotransmitters, transporting metabolites, and secreting trophic factors. Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous and respond to CNS injuries and diseases through a process known as reactive astrogliosis, which can contribute to both inflammation and its resolution. Recent evidence has revealed remarkable alterations in astrocyte transcriptomes in response to several diseases, identifying at least two distinct phenotypes called A1 or neurotoxic and A2 or neuroprotective astrocytes. However, due to the vast heterogeneity of these cells, it is limited to classify them into only two phenotypes. This review explores the various physiological and pathophysiological roles, potential markers, and pathways that might be activated in different astrocytic phenotypes. Furthermore, we discuss the astrocyte heterogeneity in the main neurodegenerative diseases and identify potential therapeutic strategies. Understanding the underlying mechanisms in the differentiation and imbalance of the astrocytic population will allow the identification of specific biomarkers and timely therapeutic approaches in various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Santiago-Balmaseda
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4 Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 54090, Mexico; (A.S.-B.); (A.A.-O.); (M.M.V.-R.); (I.P.-S.); (E.H.-R.); (L.D.R.-H.); (E.R.R.-G.)
| | - Annai Aguirre-Orozco
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4 Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 54090, Mexico; (A.S.-B.); (A.A.-O.); (M.M.V.-R.); (I.P.-S.); (E.H.-R.); (L.D.R.-H.); (E.R.R.-G.)
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (I.E.V.-A.); (N.J.-B.); (D.M.-F.)
| | - Irais E. Valenzuela-Arzeta
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (I.E.V.-A.); (N.J.-B.); (D.M.-F.)
| | - Marcos M. Villegas-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4 Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 54090, Mexico; (A.S.-B.); (A.A.-O.); (M.M.V.-R.); (I.P.-S.); (E.H.-R.); (L.D.R.-H.); (E.R.R.-G.)
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico
| | - Isaac Pérez-Segura
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4 Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 54090, Mexico; (A.S.-B.); (A.A.-O.); (M.M.V.-R.); (I.P.-S.); (E.H.-R.); (L.D.R.-H.); (E.R.R.-G.)
| | - Natalie Jiménez-Barrios
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (I.E.V.-A.); (N.J.-B.); (D.M.-F.)
| | - Ernesto Hurtado-Robles
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4 Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 54090, Mexico; (A.S.-B.); (A.A.-O.); (M.M.V.-R.); (I.P.-S.); (E.H.-R.); (L.D.R.-H.); (E.R.R.-G.)
| | - Luis Daniel Rodríguez-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4 Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 54090, Mexico; (A.S.-B.); (A.A.-O.); (M.M.V.-R.); (I.P.-S.); (E.H.-R.); (L.D.R.-H.); (E.R.R.-G.)
| | - Erick R. Rivera-German
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4 Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 54090, Mexico; (A.S.-B.); (A.A.-O.); (M.M.V.-R.); (I.P.-S.); (E.H.-R.); (L.D.R.-H.); (E.R.R.-G.)
| | - Magdalena Guerra-Crespo
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Daniel Martinez-Fong
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (I.E.V.-A.); (N.J.-B.); (D.M.-F.)
| | - Carlos Ledesma-Alonso
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Querétaro 76230, Mexico;
| | - Sofía Diaz-Cintra
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Querétaro 76230, Mexico;
| | - Luis O. Soto-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4 Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 54090, Mexico; (A.S.-B.); (A.A.-O.); (M.M.V.-R.); (I.P.-S.); (E.H.-R.); (L.D.R.-H.); (E.R.R.-G.)
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Stimulation of GHRH Neuron Axon Growth by Leptin and Impact of Nutrition during Suckling in Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051077. [PMID: 36904077 PMCID: PMC10005278 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrition during the early postnatal period can program the growth trajectory and adult size. Nutritionally regulated hormones are strongly suspected to be involved in this physiological regulation. Linear growth during the postnatal period is regulated by the neuroendocrine somatotropic axis, whose development is first controlled by GHRH neurons of the hypothalamus. Leptin that is secreted by adipocytes in proportion to fat mass is one of the most widely studied nutritional factors, with a programming effect in the hypothalamus. However, it remains unclear whether leptin stimulates the development of GHRH neurons directly. Using a Ghrh-eGFP mouse model, we show here that leptin can directly stimulate the axonal growth of GHRH neurons in vitro in arcuate explant cultures. Moreover, GHRH neurons in arcuate explants harvested from underfed pups were insensitive to the induction of axonal growth by leptin, whereas AgRP neurons in these explants were responsive to leptin treatment. This insensitivity was associated with altered activating capacities of the three JAK2, AKT and ERK signaling pathways. These results suggest that leptin may be a direct effector of linear growth programming by nutrition, and that the GHRH neuronal subpopulation may display a specific response to leptin in cases of underfeeding.
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Kanno H, Matsumoto S, Yoshizumi T, Nakahara K, Kubo A, Murata H, Shuin T, U HS. Role of SOCS and VHL Proteins in Neuronal Differentiation and Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043880. [PMID: 36835292 PMCID: PMC9960776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The basic helix-loop-helix factors play a central role in neuronal differentiation and nervous system development, which involve the Notch and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)/small mother against decapentaplegic signaling pathways. Neural stem cells differentiate into three nervous system lineages, and the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) and von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) proteins are involved in this neuronal differentiation. The SOCS and VHL proteins both contain homologous structures comprising the BC-box motif. SOCSs recruit Elongin C, Elongin B, Cullin5(Cul5), and Rbx2, whereas VHL recruits Elongin C, Elongin B, Cul2, and Rbx1. SOCSs form SBC-Cul5/E3 complexes, and VHL forms a VBC-Cul2/E3 complex. These complexes degrade the target protein and suppress its downstream transduction pathway by acting as E3 ligases via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. The Janus kinase (JAK) is the main target protein of the E3 ligase SBC-Cul5, whereas hypoxia-inducible factor is the primary target protein of the E3 ligase VBC-Cul2; nonetheless, VBC-Cul2 also targets the JAK. SOCSs not only act on the ubiquitin-proteasome system but also act directly on JAKs to suppress the Janus kinase-signal transduction and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway. Both SOCS and VHL are expressed in the nervous system, predominantly in brain neurons in the embryonic stage. Both SOCS and VHL induce neuronal differentiation. SOCS is involved in differentiation into neurons, whereas VHL is involved in differentiation into neurons and oligodendrocytes; both proteins promote neurite outgrowth. It has also been suggested that the inactivation of these proteins may lead to the development of nervous system malignancies and that these proteins may function as tumor suppressors. The mechanism of action of SOCS and VHL involved in neuronal differentiation and nervous system development is thought to be mediated through the inhibition of downstream signaling pathways, JAK-STAT, and hypoxia-inducible factor-vascular endothelial growth factor pathways. In addition, because SOCS and VHL promote nerve regeneration, they are expected to be applied in neuronal regenerative medicine for traumatic brain injury and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kanno
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 232-0024, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Asahi Hospital, Tokyo 121-0078, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5242-5800
| | - Shutaro Matsumoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 232-0024, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Asahi Hospital, Tokyo 121-0078, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yoshizumi
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Mariannna Medical University, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
| | - Kimihiro Nakahara
- Department of Neurosurgery, International University of Health and Welfare, Atami 413-0012, Japan
| | | | - Hidetoshi Murata
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Mariannna Medical University, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
| | - Taro Shuin
- Kochi Medical School Hospital, Nangoku 783-0043, Japan
| | - Hoi-Sang U
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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Kanno H, Matsumoto S, Yoshizumi T, Nakahara K, Shinonaga M, Kubo A, Fujii S, Ishizuka Y, Tanaka M, Ichihashi M, Murata H. SOCS7-Derived BC-Box Motif Peptide Mediated Cholinergic Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032786. [PMID: 36769102 PMCID: PMC9917589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) are a type of pluripotent somatic stem cells that differentiate into various cell types such as osteoblast, chondrocyte, and neuronal cells. ADMSCs as donor cells are used to produce regenerative medicines at hospitals and clinics. However, it has not been reported that ADMSCs were differentiated to a specific type of neuron with a peptide. Here, we report that ADMSCs differentiate to the cholinergic phenotype of neurons by the SOCS7-derived BC-box motif peptide. At operations for patients with neurological disorders, a small amount of subcutaneous fat was obtained. Two weeks later, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) were isolated and cultured for a further 1 to 2 weeks. Flow cytometry analysis for characterization of ADMSCs was performed with CD73, CD90, and CD105 as positive markers, and CD14, CD31, and CD56 as negative markers. The results showed that cultured cells were compatible with ADMSCs. Immunocytochemical studies showed naïve ADMSCs immunopositive for p75NTR, RET, nestin, keratin, neurofilament-M, and smooth muscle actin. ADMSCs were suggested to be pluripotent stem cells. A peptide corresponding to the amino-acid sequence of BC-box motif derived from SOCS7 protein was added to the medium at a concentration of 2 μM. Three days later, immunocytochemistry analysis, Western blot analysis, ubiquitination assay, and electrophysiological analysis with patch cramp were performed. Immunostaining revealed the expression of neurofilament H (NFH), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). In addition, Western blot analysis showed an increase in the expression of NFH, ChAT, and TH, and the expression of ChAT was more distinct than TH. Immunoprecipitation with JAK2 showed an increase in the expression of ubiquitin. Electrophysiological analysis showed a large holding potential at the recorded cells through path electrodes. The BC-box motif peptide derived from SOCS7 promoted the cholinergic differentiation of ADMSCs. This novel method will contribute to research as well as regenerative medicine for cholinergic neuron diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kanno
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Asahi Hospital, Tokyo 121-0078, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, International University of Health and Welfare Atami Hospital, Atami 413-0012, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5243-5800; Fax: +81-3-5242-5826
| | - Shutaro Matsumoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Asahi Hospital, Tokyo 121-0078, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yoshizumi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, International University of Health and Welfare Atami Hospital, Atami 413-0012, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Marianna Medical University of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
| | - Kimihiro Nakahara
- Department of Neurosurgery, International University of Health and Welfare Atami Hospital, Atami 413-0012, Japan
| | - Masamichi Shinonaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, International University of Health and Welfare Atami Hospital, Atami 413-0012, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Fujii
- Department of Neurosurgery, Asahi Hospital, Tokyo 121-0078, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Hidetoshi Murata
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Marianna Medical University of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
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Zhi Y, Huang S, Lina Z. Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 6 in cancer development and therapy: deciphering its emerging and suppressive roles. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2022; 64:21-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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An insight into crosstalk among multiple signaling pathways contributing to epileptogenesis. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 910:174469. [PMID: 34478688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite the years of research, epilepsy remains uncontrolled in one-third of afflicted individuals and poses a health and economic burden on society. Currently available anti-epileptic drugs mainly target the excitatory-inhibitory imbalance despite targeting the underlying pathophysiology of the disease. Recent research focuses on understanding the pathophysiologic mechanisms that lead to seizure generation and on possible new treatment avenues for preventing epilepsy after a brain injury. Various signaling pathways, including the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP-ERK) pathway, JAK-STAT pathway, wnt/β-catenin signaling, cAMP pathway, and jun kinase pathway, have been suggested to play an essential role in this regard. Recent work suggests that the mTOR pathway intervenes epileptogenesis and proposes that mTOR inhibitors may have antiepileptogenic properties for epilepsy. In the same way, several animal studies have indicated the involvement of the Wnt signaling pathway in neurogenesis and neuronal death induced by seizures in different phases (acute and chronic) of seizure development. Various studies have also documented the activation of JAK-STAT signaling in epilepsy and cAMP involvement in epileptogenesis through CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein). Although studies are there, the mechanism for how components of these pathways mediate epileptogenesis requires further investigation. This review summarises the current role of various signaling pathways involved in epileptogenesis and the crosstalk among them. Furthermore, we will also discuss the mechanical base for the interaction between these pathways and how these interactions could be a new emerging promising target for future epilepsy therapies.
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Oku H, Iwai S, Uehara M, Iqbal A, Mutanda I, Inafuku M. Growth condition controls on G-93 parameters of isoprene emission from tropical trees. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2021; 134:1225-1242. [PMID: 34505187 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-021-01344-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite its major role in global isoprene emission, information on the environmental control of isoprene emission from tropical trees has remained scarce. Thus, in this study, we examined the relationship between parameters of G-93 isoprene emission formula (CT1, CT2, and α), growth temperature and light intensity, photosynthesis (ɸ, Pmax), isoprene synthase (IspS) level, and 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway metabolites using sunlit and shaded leaves of four tropical trees. The results showed that the temperature dependence of isoprene emission from shaded leaves did not differ significantly from sunlit leaves. In contrast, there was a lower saturation irradiance in shaded leaves than in sunlit leaves, the same as temperate plants. The photosynthesis rate of shaded leaves showed lower saturation irradiance, similar to the light dependence of isoprene emission. In most cases, the concentration of MEP pathway metabolites was of lower tendency in shaded leaves versus in sunlit leaves, whereas no significant difference was noted in IspS level between sunlit and shaded leaves. Correlation analysis between these parameters found that CT1 of the G-93 parameter was positively correlated with the concentration of DXP and DMADP, whereas CT2 correlated with the concentration of MEP and the average air temperature for the past 48 h. Similarly, α closely associated with the initial slope (ɸ) of photosynthesis rate, and the basal emission factor is also linked to the photon flux of past days. These results suggest that growth conditions may control the temperature dependence of isoprene emission from tropical trees via the changes in the profiles of MEP pathway metabolites, causing alteration in the parameters of the isoprene emission formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirosuke Oku
- Molecular Biotechnology Group, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Shohei Iwai
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Misaki Uehara
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Asif Iqbal
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Ishmael Mutanda
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Masashi Inafuku
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan.
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
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Pharmacological Inhibition of Insulin Growth Factor-1 Receptor (IGF-1R) Alone or in Combination With Ruxolitinib Shows Therapeutic Efficacy in Preclinical Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Models. Hemasphere 2021; 5:e565. [PMID: 33954282 PMCID: PMC8092367 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Even after development of the JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib, myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) patients require novel therapeutic options. While ruxolitinib can considerably improve quality of life and prolong survival, it does not modify the natural disease course in most patients. Moreover, resistance develops with prolonged use. Therefore, various combination treatments are currently being investigated. Published data provide a compelling rationale for the inhibition of insulin growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling in MPN. Here we report that genetic and pharmacological inhibition of IGF-1R selectively reduced Jak2V617F-driven cytokine-independent proliferation ex vivo. Two different structurally unrelated IGF-1R inhibitors ameliorated disease phenotype in a murine MPN model and significantly prolonged survival. Moreover, in mice, low-dose ruxolitinib synergized with IGF-1R inhibition to increase survival. Our data demonstrate preclinical efficacy of IGF-1R inhibition in a murine MPN model.
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Blazejewski SM, Bennison SA, Liu X, Toyo-Oka K. High-throughput kinase inhibitor screening reveals roles for Aurora and Nuak kinases in neurite initiation and dendritic branching. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8156. [PMID: 33854138 PMCID: PMC8047044 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87521-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinases are essential regulators of a variety of cellular signaling processes, including neurite formation—a foundational step in neurodevelopment. Aberrant axonal sprouting and failed regeneration of injured axons are associated with conditions like traumatic injury, neurodegenerative disease, and seizures. Investigating the mechanisms underlying neurite formation will allow for identification of potential therapeutics. We used a kinase inhibitor library to screen 493 kinase inhibitors and observed that 45% impacted neuritogenesis in Neuro2a (N-2a) cells. Based on the screening, we further investigated the roles of Aurora kinases A, B, and C and Nuak kinases 1 and 2. The roles of Aurora and Nuak kinases have not been thoroughly studied in the nervous system. Inhibition or overexpression of Aurora and Nuak kinases in primary cortical neurons resulted in various neuromorphological defects, with Aurora A regulating neurite initiation, Aurora B and C regulating neurite initiation and elongation, all Aurora kinases regulating arborization, and all Nuak kinases regulating neurite initiation and elongation and arborization. Our high-throughput screening and analysis of Aurora and Nuak kinases revealed their functions and may contribute to the identification of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Blazejewski
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA
| | - Sarah A Bennison
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA
| | - Kazuhito Toyo-Oka
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA.
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Yoshizumi T, Kubo A, Murata H, Shinonaga M, Kanno H. BC-Box Motif in SOCS6 Induces Differentiation of Epidermal Stem Cells into GABAnergic Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144947. [PMID: 32668737 PMCID: PMC7403999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The BC-box motif in suppressor of cytokine signaling 6 (SOCS6) promotes the neuronal differentiation of somatic stem cells, including epidermal stem cells. SOCS6 protein belongs to the group of SOCS proteins and inhibits cytokine signaling. Here we showed that epidermal stem cells were induced to differentiate into GABAnergic neurons by the intracellular delivery of a peptide composed of the amino-acid sequences encoded by the BC-box motif in SOCS6 protein. The BC-box motif (SLQYLCRFVI) in SOCS6 corresponded to the binding site of elongin BC. GABAnergic differentiation mediated by the BC-box motif in SOCS6 protein was caused by ubiquitination of JAK2 and inhibition of the JAK2-STAT3 pathway. Furthermore, GABAnergic neuron-like cells generated from epidermal stem cells were transplanted into the brain of a rodent ischemic model. Then, we demonstrated that these transplanted cells were GAD positive and that the cognitive function of the ischemic model rodents with the transplanted cells was improved. This study could contribute to not only elucidating the mechanism of GABAnergic neuronal differentiation but also to neuronal regenerative medicine utilizing GABAnergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Yoshizumi
- Department of Neurosurgery, International University of Health and Welfare Atami Hospital, Atami 413-0012, Japan; (T.Y.); (M.S.)
| | - Atsuhiko Kubo
- Nerve Care Clinic, Yokosuka 238-0012, Japan;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan;
| | - Hidetoshi Murata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan;
| | - Masamichi Shinonaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, International University of Health and Welfare Atami Hospital, Atami 413-0012, Japan; (T.Y.); (M.S.)
| | - Hiroshi Kanno
- Department of Neurosurgery, International University of Health and Welfare Atami Hospital, Atami 413-0012, Japan; (T.Y.); (M.S.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-557-81-9171; Fax: +81-557-83-6632
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Duan X, Zhao M, Li X, Gao L, Cao H, Wang Y, Zheng SJ. gga-miR-27b-3p enhances type I interferon expression and suppresses infectious bursal disease virus replication via targeting cellular suppressors of cytokine signaling 3 and 6 (SOCS3 and 6). Virus Res 2020; 281:197910. [PMID: 32126296 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.197910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs playing an important role in host response to pathogenic infection. Here we show that IBDV infection induced the demethylation of the pre-miR-27 promoter and upregulated gga-miR-27b-3p expression. We found that ectopic expression of miR-27b-3p in DF-1 cells enhanced the expression of chicken IFN-β, IRF3 and NF-κB, via directly targeting cellular suppressors of cytokine signaling 3 and 6 (SOCS3 and 6), inhibiting IBDV replication in host cells, while inhibition of endogenous miR-27b-3p by its inhibitors suppressed the expression of IFN-β, IRF3 and NF-κB, enhancing SOCS3 and 6 expressions and facilitating IBDV replication. Furthermore, transfection of DF-1 cells with miR-27b-3p markedly increased phosphorylation of STAT1 on Tyr701 in cells post chIFN-γ treatment. On the contrary, inhibition of endogenous miR-27b-3p reduced phosphorylation of STAT1 on Tyr701 in cells with chIFN-γ treatment. These findings indicate that gga-miR-27b-3p serves as an inducible antiviral mediator in host response to IBDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Duan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingliang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Li Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Shijun J Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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12
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Li Calzi S, Shaw LC, Moldovan L, Shelley WC, Qi X, Racette L, Quigley JL, Fortmann SD, Boulton ME, Yoder MC, Grant MB. Progenitor cell combination normalizes retinal vascular development in the oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model. JCI Insight 2019; 4:129224. [PMID: 31672944 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.129224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a disorder of the developing retina of preterm infants. ROP can lead to blindness because of abnormal angiogenesis that is the result of suspended vascular development and vaso-obliteration leading to severe retinal stress and hypoxia. We tested the hypothesis that the use of the human progenitor cell combination, bone marrow-derived CD34+ cells and vascular wall-derived endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs), would synergistically protect the developing retinal vasculature in a mouse model of ROP, called oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). CD34+ cells alone, ECFCs alone, or the combination thereof were injected intravitreally at either P5 or P12 and pups were euthanized at P17. Retinas from OIR mice injected with ECFCs or the combined treatment revealed formation of the deep vascular plexus (DVP) while still in hyperoxia, with normal-appearing connections between the superficial vascular plexus (SVP) and the DVP. In addition, the combination of cells completely prevented aberrant retinal neovascularization and was more effective anatomically and functionally at rescuing the ischemia phenotype than either cell type alone. We show that the beneficial effects of the cell combination are the result of their ability to orchestrate an acceleration of vascular development and more rapid ensheathment of pericytes on the developing vessels. Lastly, our proteomic and transcriptomic data sets reveal pathways altered by the dual cell therapy, including many involved in neuroretinal maintenance, and principal component analysis (PCA) showed that cell therapy restored OIR retinas to a state that was closely associated with age-matched normal retinas. Together, these data herein support the use of dual cell therapy as a promising preventive treatment for the development of ROP in premature infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Li Calzi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | | | - William C Shelley
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Xiaoping Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Lyne Racette
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Seth D Fortmann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Michael E Boulton
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Mervin C Yoder
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Maria B Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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13
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PRDX6 Inhibits Neurogenesis through Downregulation of WDFY1-Mediated TLR4 Signal. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:3132-3144. [PMID: 30097850 PMCID: PMC6476867 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1287-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Impaired neurogenesis has been associated with several brain disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). The role of peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) in neurodegenerative diseases is very controversial. To demonstrate the role of PRDX6 in neurogenesis, we compared the neurogenesis ability of PRDX6-overexpressing transgenic (Tg) mice and wild-type mice and studied the involved molecular mechanisms. We showed that the neurogenesis of neural stem cells (NSCs) and the expression of the marker protein were lower in PRDX6 Tg-mice than in wild-type mice. To determine the factors involved in PRDX6-related neural stem cell impairment, we performed a microarray experiment. We showed that the expression of WDFY1 was dramatically decreased in PRDX6-Tg mice. Moreover, WDFY1 siRNA decreases the differentiation ability of primary neural stem cells. Interestingly, WDFY1 reportedly recruits the signaling adaptor TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) to toll-like receptors (TLRs); thus, we showed the relationship among TLRs, PRDX6, and WDFY1. We showed that TLR4 was dramatically reduced in PRDX6 Tg mice, and reduced TLR4 expression and neurogenesis was reversed by the introduction of WDFY1 plasmid in the neural stem cells from PRDX6 Tg mice. This study indicated that PRDX6 inhibits the neurogenesis of neural precursor cells through TLR4-dependent downregulation of WDFY1 and suggested that the inhibitory effect of PRDX6 on neurogenesis play a role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases in the PRDX6 overexpressing transgenic mice.
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14
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Park HJ, Kwon H, Lee S, Jung JW, Ryu JH, Jang DS, Lee YC, Kim DH. Echinocystic Acid Facilitates Neurite Outgrowth in Neuroblastoma Neuro2a Cells and Enhances Spatial Memory in Aged Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 40:1724-1729. [PMID: 28966244 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging leads to functional changes in the brain and decreases ability of learning and memory. Neurite outgrowth is important in learning and memory, therefore regulation of neurite outgrowth might be a candidate for treating aged brain. Echinocystic acid (EA), a pentacyclic triterpene, has shown to exert various neurological effects. However, the effect of EA on neurite outgrowth has not been studied. In this study, we examined if EA is effective on neurite outgrowth and memory in aged mice. The effect of EA on neurite outgrowth was observed by examining neurite processes of Neuro2a cells treated with EA. Western blot analysis was conducted to examine possible mechanisms. Morris water maze test was used to examine the effect of EA on learning and memory in aged mice. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to observe the effect of EA on neurite outgrowth in the hippocampus. EA was shown to induce neurite outgrowth in a concentration dependent manner without affecting cell viability. Moreover, EA treatment increased phosphorylation of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and JNK inhibitor, SP600125, blocked the effect of EA on neurite outgrowth. These results demonstrated that EA treatment promotes neurite outgrowth through the JNK signaling pathway. In in vivo experiments, EA treatment increased neurite outgrowth in aged mouse hippocampus. Moreover, EA treatment enhanced spatial learning and memory in aged mice. These results suggest that EA can be developed as a new, naturally occurring drug to treat ageing-related neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Park
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University
| | - Huiyoung Kwon
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University
| | - Seungheon Lee
- Department of Aquatic Biomedical Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Science, College of Ocean Science, Jeju National University
| | - Ji Wook Jung
- Department of Herbal Medicinal Pharmacology, College of Herbal Bio-industry, Daegu Haany University
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University
| | - Young Choon Lee
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University.,Institute of Convergence Bio-health, Dong-A University
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University.,Institute of Convergence Bio-health, Dong-A University
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15
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Fu M, Wang B, Chen X, He Z, Wang Y, Li X, Cao H, Zheng SJ. gga-miR-454 suppresses infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) replication via directly targeting IBDV genomic segment B and cellular Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling 6 (SOCS6). Virus Res 2018; 252:29-40. [PMID: 29777734 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as post-transcriptional regulators, play important roles in the process of viral infection through inhibiting virus replication or modulating host immune response. However, the role of miRNAs in host response against infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) infection is still unclear. In this study, we found that gga-miR-454 of the host was decreased in response to IBDV infection and that transfection of DF-1 cells with miR-454 inhibited IBDV replication via directly targeting the specific sequence of IBDV genomic segment B, while blockage of endogenous miR-454 by inhibitors enhanced virus replication. Furthermore, gga-miR-454 increased the expression of IFN-β by targeting Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling 6 (SOCS6), enhancing the antiviral response of host cells. These findings highlight a crucial role of gga-miR-454 in host defense against IBDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiyuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shijun J Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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16
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Abbas MN, Kausar S, Sun YX, Tian JW, Zhu BJ, Liu CL. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 6 can enhance epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway in Bombyx mori (Dazao). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 81:187-192. [PMID: 29225004 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The SOCS (Suppressor of cytokine signaling) family members are a potential negative regulator of cytokine signaling pathway and play a key role to maintain immunological functions in animals. SOCS-6 is an important member of the SOCS family, however the functions of this gene have rarely been explored among eukaryotes. Herein, we cloned and expressed SOCS-6 gene from Bombyx mori (Dazao) (BmSOCS-6), and anti-rabbit antibodies were prepared using purified recombinant BmSOCS-6 protein. Under normal physiological conditions, the BmSOCS-6 expression was observed at varied levels in six tissues, with most greatly expressed in fat body and hemocytes. After immune challenge with viral, fungal and bacterial pathogens, the BmSOCS-6 showed distinctly varied expression patterns in tissue, time and microbe dependent manner. By contrast, recombinant BmSOCS-6 protein strongly enhanced the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway related genes, while the depletion of BmSOCS-6 by double stranded RNA suppressed their production. Altogether we concluded that BmSOCS-6 may improve the efficiency of EGFR signaling pathway in B. mori (Dazao).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saima Kausar
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Yu-Xuan Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Ji Wu Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Bao-Jian Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Chao-Liang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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17
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BC-Box Motif-Mediated Neuronal Differentiation of Somatic Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020466. [PMID: 29401731 PMCID: PMC5855688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein (pVHL) functions to induce neuronal differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) and skin-derived precursors (SKPs). Here we identified a neuronal differentiation domain (NDD) in pVHL. Neuronal differentiation of SKPs was induced by intracellular delivery of a peptide composed of the amino-acid sequences encoded by the NDD. Neuronal differentiation mediated by the NDD was caused by the binding between it and elongin C followed by Janus kinase-2 (JAK2) ubiquitination of JAK2 and inhibition of the JAK2/the signal transducer and activator of transcription-3(STAT)3 pathway. The NDD in pVHL contained the BC-box motif ((A,P,S,T)LXXX (A,C) XXX(A,I,L,V)) corresponding to the binding site of elongin C. Therefore, we proposed that other BC-box proteins might also contain an NDD; and subsequently also identified in them an NDD containing the amino-acid sequence encoded by the BC-box motif in BC-box proteins. Furthermore, we showed that different NDD peptide-delivered cells differentiated into different kinds of neuron-like cells. That is, dopaminergic neuron-like cells, cholinergic neuron-like cells, GABAnergic neuron-like cells or rhodopsin-positive neuron-like cells were induced by different NDD peptides. These novel findings might contribute to the development of a new method for promoting neuronal differentiation and shed further light on the mechanism of neuronal differentiation of somatic stem cells.
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18
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Sherman SP, Bang AG. High-throughput screen for compounds that modulate neurite growth of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm.031906. [PMID: 29361516 PMCID: PMC5894944 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.031906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of technology platforms to perform compound screens of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurons with relatively high throughput is essential to realize their potential for drug discovery. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of high-throughput screening of hiPSC-derived neurons using a high-content, image-based approach focused on neurite growth, a process that is fundamental to formation of neural networks and nerve regeneration. From a collection of 4421 bioactive small molecules, we identified 108 hit compounds, including 37 approved drugs, that target molecules or pathways known to regulate neurite growth, as well as those not previously associated with this process. These data provide evidence that many pathways and targets known to play roles in neurite growth have similar activities in hiPSC-derived neurons that can be identified in an unbiased phenotypic screen. The data also suggest that hiPSC-derived neurons provide a useful system to study the mechanisms of action and off-target activities of the approved drugs identified as hits, leading to a better understanding of their clinical efficacy and toxicity, especially in the context of specific human genetic backgrounds. Finally, the hit set we report constitutes a sublibrary of approved drugs and tool compounds that modulate neurites. This sublibrary will be invaluable for phenotypic analyses and interrogation of hiPSC-based disease models as probes for defining phenotypic differences and cellular vulnerabilities in patient versus control cells, as well as for investigations of the molecular mechanisms underlying human neurite growth in development and maintenance of neuronal networks, and nerve regeneration. Summary: High-throughput, small molecule screening of hiPSC-derived neurons using a high-content, image-based approach focused on neurite growth identified hit compounds, including approved drugs, which target molecules or pathways known to regulate neurite growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Sherman
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Anne G Bang
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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19
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Lauzon MA, Faucheux N. A small peptide derived from BMP-9 can increase the effect of bFGF and NGF on SH-SY5Y cells differentiation. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 88:83-92. [PMID: 29341901 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The current aging of the world population will increase the number of people suffering from brain degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). There are evidence showing that the use of growth factors such as BMP-9 could restored cognitive function as it acts on many AD hallmarks at the same time. However, BMP-9 is a big protein expensive to produce that can hardly access the central nervous system. We have therefore developed a small peptide, SpBMP-9, derived from the knuckle epitope of BMP-9 and showed its therapeutic potential in a previous study. Since it is known that the native protein, BMP-9, can act in synergy with other growth factors in the context of AD, here we study the potential synergistic effect of various combinations of SpBMP-9 with bFGF, EGF, IGF-2 or NGF on the cholinergic differentiation of human neuroblastoma cells SH-SY5Y. We found that, in opposition to IGF-2 or EGF, the combination of SpBMP-9 with bFGF or NGF can stimulate to a greater extent the neurite outgrowth and neuronal differentiation toward the cholinergic phenotype as shown by expression and localization of the neuronal markers NSE and VAchT and the staining of intracellular calcium. Those results strongly suggest that SpBMP-9 plus NGF or bFGF are promising therapeutic combinations against AD that required further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Antoine Lauzon
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Nathalie Faucheux
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada; Clinical Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, 12e Avenue N, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada; Pharmacology Institute of Sherbrooke, 12e Avenue N, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada.
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20
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Neben CL, Lo M, Jura N, Klein OD. Feedback regulation of RTK signaling in development. Dev Biol 2017; 447:71-89. [PMID: 29079424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Precise regulation of the amplitude and duration of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling is critical for the execution of cellular programs and behaviors. Understanding these control mechanisms has important implications for the field of developmental biology, and in recent years, the question of how augmentation or attenuation of RTK signaling via feedback loops modulates development has become of increasing interest. RTK feedback regulation is also important for human disease research; for example, germline mutations in genes that encode RTK signaling pathway components cause numerous human congenital syndromes, and somatic alterations contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases such as cancers. In this review, we survey regulators of RTK signaling that tune receptor activity and intracellular transduction cascades, with a focus on the roles of these genes in the developing embryo. We detail the diverse inhibitory mechanisms utilized by negative feedback regulators that, when lost or perturbed, lead to aberrant increases in RTK signaling. We also discuss recent biochemical and genetic insights into positive regulators of RTK signaling and how these proteins function in tandem with negative regulators to guide embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L Neben
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA
| | - Megan Lo
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Natalia Jura
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA.
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21
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Mythri RB, Raghunath NR, Narwade SC, Pandareesh MDR, Sabitha KR, Aiyaz M, Chand B, Sule M, Ghosh K, Kumar S, Shankarappa B, Soundararajan S, Alladi PA, Purushottam M, Gayathri N, Deobagkar DD, Laxmi TR, Srinivas Bharath MM. Manganese- and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced neurotoxicity display differences in morphological, electrophysiological and genome-wide alterations: implications for idiopathic Parkinson's disease. J Neurochem 2017; 143:334-358. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajeswara Babu Mythri
- Department of Neurochemistry; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS); Bangalore Karnataka India
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory-Neurobiology Research Center; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS); Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Narayana Reddy Raghunath
- Department of Neurochemistry; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS); Bangalore Karnataka India
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory-Neurobiology Research Center; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS); Bangalore Karnataka India
| | | | - Mirazkar Dasharatha Rao Pandareesh
- Department of Neurochemistry; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS); Bangalore Karnataka India
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory-Neurobiology Research Center; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS); Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Kollarkandi Rajesh Sabitha
- Department of Neurophysiology; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS); Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Mohamad Aiyaz
- Genotypic Technology Pvt. Ltd; Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Bipin Chand
- Genotypic Technology Pvt. Ltd; Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Manas Sule
- InterpretOmics; Shezan Lavelle; Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Krittika Ghosh
- InterpretOmics; Shezan Lavelle; Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Senthil Kumar
- InterpretOmics; Shezan Lavelle; Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Bhagyalakshmi Shankarappa
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory - Neurobiology Research Center; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS); Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Soundarya Soundararajan
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory - Neurobiology Research Center; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS); Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Phalguni Anand Alladi
- Department of Neurophysiology; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS); Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Meera Purushottam
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory - Neurobiology Research Center; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS); Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Narayanappa Gayathri
- Department of Neuropathology; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS); Bangalore Karnataka India
| | | | - Thenkanidiyoor Rao Laxmi
- Department of Neurophysiology; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS); Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Muchukunte Mukunda Srinivas Bharath
- Department of Neurochemistry; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS); Bangalore Karnataka India
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory-Neurobiology Research Center; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS); Bangalore Karnataka India
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22
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Overexpression of suppressors of cytokine signaling 1 regulate the proliferation and differentiation of rat-derived neural stem cells. Acta Histochem 2017; 119:680-688. [PMID: 28867597 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells are a reliable resource in various neural tissue repair and neurodegenerative diseases. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that Suppressor of cytokine signaling proteins (SOCS) was involved in the nervous system development. The universality and diversity of SOCS also suggested their important roles in neurogenesis and nerve regeneration. In this study, we employed a lentiviral vector to investigate the impacts of overexpression SOCS1 on the proliferation and differentiation of rat-derived NSCs. Cells infected with LV-EGFP-SOCS1 showed a prominent increased cell number, diameter, and metabolic activity compared with other groups. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed the proportion of cells positive for microtubule associated protein-2 (MAP2) or myelin basic protein (MBP) was significantly increased in LV-EGFP-SOCS1 group while the proportion of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive cells in LV-EGFP-SOCS1 group was significantly decreased compare to LV-EGFP and PBS group. Moreover, Western blot results were consistent with immunofluorescence results which indicated that overexpression of SOCS1 could promote neuronal and oligodendrocyte differentiations of NSCs but inhibit astrocyte differentiation of NSCs. In conclusion, our findings provided evidence that SOCS1 could promote the proliferation of NSCs and affect the differentiation of NSCs, providing a potential target for NSCs transplantation strategies.
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Liu J, Zheng Y, Gao J, Zhu G, Gao K, Zhang W, Shi F, Zhang Q. Expression of SHP-1 and SOCS6 in patients with acute leukemia and their clinical implication. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:1915-1920. [PMID: 28408843 PMCID: PMC5384700 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s131537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the expression and clinical relevance of Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) and suppressor of cytokine signaling 6 (SOCS6) in acute leukemia (AL). PATIENTS AND METHODS The enrolled AL patients were divided into three groups (newly diagnosed, relapsed, and complete remission [CR]). Healthy donors were also included as a control group in this study. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to measure messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of SHP-1 and SOCS6. Statistical analysis was conducted to analyze the correlation between mRNA levels of SHP-1 and SOCS6 with patient outcomes. RESULTS mRNA expression of SHP-1 was significantly lower in AL patients than that in healthy donors. The newly diagnosed or relapsed AL patients had lower mRNA levels of SHP-1 than the patients in CR. In contrast, SOCS6 mRNA expression was significantly higher in newly diagnosed or relapsed patients than that in patients in CR as well as healthy donors. However, mRNA levels of both SHP-1 and SOCS6 were positively correlated with the patient remission. The chemotherapy-induced remission rate was higher in patients with detectable SHP-1 or SOCS6 expression than in patients with undetectable SHP-1 or SOCS6 expression. Furthermore, the AL patients with detectable SHP-1 mRNA expression had lower incidence rate of invasive fungal infection. CONCLUSION The results suggest that expression patterns of SHP-1 and SOCS6 differ in AL patients. Despite the difference, expression of SHP-1 and SOCS6 is associated with favorable outcomes, suggesting an anticancer property of these two genes in AL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmei Liu
- Department of Hematology, Kailuan General Hospital
| | - Yurong Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Kailuan General Hospital
| | - Ju Gao
- Department of Hematology, Kailuan General Hospital
| | - Guimei Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Kailuan General Hospital
| | - Kun Gao
- Department of Emergency, Tangshan Union Medical College Hospital
| | - Wenzhen Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tangshan People's Hospital
| | - Fangyan Shi
- Department of Blood Dialysis, Linxi Hospital
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
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Mishra KK, Gupta S, Banerjee K. SOCS3 induces neurite differentiation and promotes neuronal cell survival. IUBMB Life 2016; 68:468-76. [PMID: 27118613 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines and growth factors play an important role in neuronal survival as well as cell death. The family of suppressors of cytokine signalling (SOCS) proteins, which includes SOCS1-7 and cytokine-induced suppressor (CIS), has been shown to act as negative regulators of cytokine-induced signalling. In this report, we highlight the role of SOCS3 in regulating neuronal differentiation and survival. We observed increased SOCS3 expression upon differentiation of PC12 cells as well as neural stem cells. SOCS3 overexpression upregulated differentiation of both neural stem cells and PC12 cells even in the absence of NGF, as evidenced by enhanced neurite outgrowth and upregulation of GAP43, marker associated with neurite outgrowth. siRNA-mediated silencing of SOCS3 confirmed the potential role of SOCS3 in neuritogenesis. We observed that, SOCS3-induced neurite differentiation was mediated via the PI3 kinase pathway. Another interesting observation was that SOCS3 overexpression promoted neuronal cell survival under H2 O2 -mediated stress indicating its fundamental role in cell survival. In conclusion, our results indicate that SOCS3 promotes differentiation and survival of neural cells and could be potentially useful in future therapy for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(6):468-476, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Kumar Mishra
- Eukaryotic Gene Expression Lab National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sakshi Gupta
- Eukaryotic Gene Expression Lab National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Kakoli Banerjee
- Eukaryotic Gene Expression Lab National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
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25
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Moravcová S, Červená K, Pačesová D, Bendová Z. Identification of STAT3 and STAT5 proteins in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus and the Day/Night difference in astrocytic STAT3 phosphorylation in response to lipopolysaccharide. J Neurosci Res 2015; 94:99-108. [PMID: 26420542 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) proteins regulate many aspects of cellular physiology from growth and differentiations to immune responses. Using immunohistochemistry, we show the daily rhythm of STAT3 protein in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), with low but significant amplitude peaking in the morning. We also reveal the strong expression of STAT5A in astrocytes of the SCN and the STAT5B signal in nonastrocytic cells. Administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) acutely induced phosphorylation of STAT3 on Tyr705 during both the day and the night and induced phosphorylation on Ser727 but only after the daytime application. The LPS-induced phospho-STAT3 (Tyr705) remained elevated for 24 hr after the daytime application but declined within 8 hr when LPS was applied at night.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Moravcová
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Červená
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dominika Pačesová
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Bendová
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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26
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Kim H, Hong JT, Park MH. Centella asiatica enhances neurogenesis and protects neuronal cells against H2O2-induced oxidative injury. J Biomed Res 2015. [DOI: 10.12729/jbr.2015.16.3.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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27
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Kuo YH, Chen YT, Tsai HP, Chai CY, Kwan AL. Nucleophosmin overexpression is associated with poor survival in astrocytoma. APMIS 2015; 123:515-22. [PMID: 25907517 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The multiple functions of the protein nucleophosmin (NPM) include the regulation and balance of cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis. Many cancers have suspected associations with overexpression of NPM or with mutation of the NPM gene. Although NPM and anaplastic lymphoma kinase fusion proteins are known to be related to the Janus Kinase/Signal Transduction and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway, the relationships of NPM, JAK2, and STAT5 to astrocytoma remain unclear. Therefore, this study performed histochemical analyses of expressions of NPM, p-JAK2, and STAT5B proteins in patients with astrocytoma. The results showed that high NPM expression was significantly associated with high tumor grade (p = 0.000), old age (p = 0.000), low Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score (p = 0.000), and tumor recurrence (p = 0.045). High p-JAK2 expression was significantly associated with old age (p = 0.000), high tumor grade (p = 0.000), low KPS score (p = 0.000), and tumor recurrence (p = 0.036). Expression of STAT5B was significantly correlated with tumor grade (p = 0.018) and KPS score (p = 0.002). High expressions of NPM, p-JAK2, and STAT5B were associated with a short survival time (p = 0.035, 0.003 and 0.002, respectively). In multivariable analysis, STAT5B expression was a significant predictor of survival time (p = 0.003). In conclusion, NPM and p-JAK2/STAT5B may have important roles in tumor progression, and STAT5B is an independent prognostic marker of astrocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Hsin Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Pei Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Yin Chai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Aij-Lie Kwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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28
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Jiao S, Maltecca C, Gray KA, Cassady JP. Feed intake, average daily gain, feed efficiency, and real-time ultrasound traits in Duroc pigs: II. Genomewide association. J Anim Sci 2015; 92:2846-60. [PMID: 24962532 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-7337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient use of feed resources has become a clear challenge for the U.S. pork industry as feed costs continue to be the largest variable expense. The availability of the Illumina Porcine60K BeadChip has greatly facilitated whole-genome association studies to identify chromosomal regions harboring genes influencing those traits. The current study aimed at identifying genomic regions associated with variation in feed efficiency and several production traits in a Duroc terminal sire population, including ADFI, ADG, feed conversion ratio, residual feed intake (RFI), real-time ultrasound back fat thickness (BF), ultrasound muscle depth, intramuscular fat content (IMF), birth weight (BW at birth), and weaning weight (BW at weaning). Single trait association analyses were performed using Bayes B models with 35,140 SNP on 18 autosomes after quality control. Significance of nonoverlapping 1-Mb length windows (n = 2,380) were tested across 3 QTL inference methods: posterior distribution of windows variances from Monte Carlo Markov Chain, naive Bayes factor, and nonparametric bootstrapping. Genes within the informative QTL regions for the traits were annotated. A region ranging from166 to 140 Mb (4-Mb length) on SSC 1, approximately 8 Mb upstream of the MC4R gene, was significantly associated with ADFI, ADG, and BF, where SOCS6 and DOK6 are proposed as the most likely candidate genes. Another region affecting BW at weaning was identified on SSC 4 (84-85 Mb), harboring genes previously found to influence both human and cattle height: PLAG1, CHCHD7, RDHE2 (or SDR16C5), MOS, RPS20, LYN, and PENK. No QTL were identified for RFI, IMF, and BW at birth. In conclusion, we have identified several genomic regions associated with traits affecting nutrient utilization that could be considered for future genomic prediction to improve feed utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jiao
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695
| | - C Maltecca
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695
| | - K A Gray
- Smithfield Premium Genetics, Rose Hill, NC 28458
| | - J P Cassady
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695
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29
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Wang T, Yuan W, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Zhou X, Ning G, Zhang L, Yao L, Feng S, Kong X. The role of the JAK-STAT pathway in neural stem cells, neural progenitor cells and reactive astrocytes after spinal cord injury. Biomed Rep 2014; 3:141-146. [PMID: 25798237 DOI: 10.3892/br.2014.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with spinal cord injuries can develop severe neurological damage and dysfunction, which is not only induced by primary but also by secondary injuries. As an evolutionarily conserved pathway of eukaryotes, the JAK-STAT pathway is associated with cell growth, survival, development and differentiation; activation of the JAK-STAT pathway has been previously reported in central nervous system injury. The JAK-STAT pathway is directly associated with neurogenesis and glia scar formation in the injury region. Following injury of the axon, the overexpression and activation of STAT3 is exhibited specifically in protecting neurons. To investigate the role of the JAK-STAT pathway in neuroprotection, we summarized the effect of JAK-STAT pathway in the following three sections: Firstly, the modulation of JAK-STAT pathway in proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells and neural progenitor cells is discussed; secondly, the time-dependent effect of JAK-STAT pathway in reactive astrocytes to reveal their capability of neuroprotection is revealed and lastly, we focus on how the astrocyte-secretory polypeptides (astrocyte-derived cytokines and trophic factors) accomplish neuroprotection via the JAK-STAT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China ; Department of Orthopedics, The 266th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Wenqi Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Capital Medical University Luhe Hospital, Beijing 100000, P.R. China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- Department of Paediatric Internal Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Xianhu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Guangzhi Ning
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Liwei Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Kong
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
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30
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Walker DG, Whetzel AM, Lue LF. Expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling genes in human elderly and Alzheimer's disease brains and human microglia. Neuroscience 2014; 302:121-37. [PMID: 25286386 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiple cellular systems exist to prevent uncontrolled inflammation in brain tissues; the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins have key roles in these processes. SOCS proteins are involved in restricting cellular signaling pathways by enhancing the degradation of activated receptors and removing the stimuli for continued activation. There are eight separate SOCS genes that code for proteins with similar structures and properties. All SOCS proteins can reduce signaling of activated transcription factors Janus kinase (JAK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), but they also regulate many other signaling pathways. SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 have particular roles in regulating inflammatory processes. Chronic inflammation is a key feature of the pathology present in Alzheimer's disease (AD)-affected brains resulting from responses to amyloid plaques or neurofibrillary tangles, the pathological hallmarks of AD. The goal of this study was to examine SOCS gene expression in human non-demented (ND) and AD brains and in human brain-derived microglia to determine if AD-related pathology resulted in a deficit of these critical molecules. We demonstrated that SOCS-1, SOCS-2, SOCS-3 and cytokine-inducible SH2 containing protein (CIS) mRNA expression was increased in amyloid beta peptide (Aβ)- and inflammatory-stimulated microglia, while SOCS-6 mRNA expression was decreased by both types of treatments. Using human brain samples from the temporal cortex from ND and AD cases, SOCS-1 through SOCS-7 and CIS mRNA and SOCS-1 through SOCS-7 protein could be detected constitutively in ND and AD human brain samples. Although, the expression of key SOCS genes did not change to a large extent as a result of AD pathology, there were significantly increased levels of SOCS-2, SOCS-3 and CIS mRNA and increased protein levels of SOCS-4 and SOCS-7 in AD brains. In summary, there was no evidence of a deficit of these key inflammatory regulating proteins in aged or AD brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Walker
- Laboratory of Neuroinflammation, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ 85351, USA.
| | - A M Whetzel
- Laboratory of Neuroinflammation, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ 85351, USA.
| | - L-F Lue
- Laboratory of NeuroRegeneration, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ 85351, USA.
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31
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Nicolas CS, Amici M, Bortolotto ZA, Doherty A, Csaba Z, Fafouri A, Dournaud P, Gressens P, Collingridge GL, Peineau S. The role of JAK-STAT signaling within the CNS. JAKSTAT 2014; 2:e22925. [PMID: 24058789 PMCID: PMC3670265 DOI: 10.4161/jkst.22925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
JAK-STAT is an efficient and highly regulated system mainly dedicated to the regulation of gene expression. Primarily identified as functioning in hematopoietic cells, its role has been found critical in all cell types, including neurons. This review will focus on JAK-STAT functions in the mature central nervous system. Our recent research suggests the intriguing possibility of a non-nuclear role of STAT3 during synaptic plasticity. Dysregulation of the JAK-STAT pathway in inflammation, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases positions it at the heart of most brain disorders, highlighting the importance to understand how it can influence the fate and functions of brain cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine S Nicolas
- MRC Centre for Synaptic Plasticity; School of Physiology and Pharmacology; University of Bristol; Bristol, UK
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Uren RT, Turnley AM. Regulation of neurotrophin receptor (Trk) signaling: suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) is a new player. Front Mol Neurosci 2014; 7:39. [PMID: 24860421 PMCID: PMC4030161 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2014.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The classic neurotrophins Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Neurotrophins NT-3 and NT-4 are well known to regulate various aspects of neuronal differentiation, survival and growth. They do this by binding to their cognate receptors, members of the Tropomyosin-related kinase (Trk) receptor tyrosine kinase family, namely TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC. These receptors are then internalized and localized to different cellular compartments, where signal transduction occurs. Conversely, members of the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family are best known as negative regulators of signaling via the JAK/STAT pathway. Some members of the family, and in particular SOCS2, have roles in the nervous system that at least partially overlap with that of neurotrophins, namely neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth. Recent evidence suggests that SOCS2 is a novel regulator of NGF signaling, altering TrkA cellular localization and downstream signaling to affect neurite growth but not neuronal survival. This review first discusses regulation of Trk receptor signaling, followed by the role of SOCS2 in the nervous system and finishes with a discussion of possible mechanisms by which SOCS2 may regulate TrkA function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel T Uren
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Centre for Neuroscience Research and Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ann M Turnley
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Centre for Neuroscience Research and Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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The role of suppressors of cytokine signalling in human neoplasms. Mol Biol Int 2014; 2014:630797. [PMID: 24757565 PMCID: PMC3976820 DOI: 10.1155/2014/630797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppressors of cytokine signalling 1-7 (SOCS1-7) and cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (CIS) are a group of intracellular proteins that are well known as JAK-STAT and several other signalling pathways negative feedback regulators. More recently several members have been identified as tumour suppressors and dysregulation of their biological roles in controlling cytokine and growth factor signalling may contribute to the development of many solid organ and haematological malignancies. This review explores their biological functions and their possible tumour suppressing role in human neoplasms.
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34
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IGF-1 stimulated upregulation of cyclin D1 is mediated via STAT5 signaling pathway in neuronal cells. IUBMB Life 2013; 65:462-71. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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35
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Trengove MC, Ward AC. SOCS proteins in development and disease. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 2:1-29. [PMID: 23885323 PMCID: PMC3714205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cytokine and growth factor signaling mediates essential roles in the differentiation, proliferation, survival and function of a number of cell lineages. This is achieved via specific receptors located on the surface of target cells, with ligand binding activating key intracellular signal transduction cascades to mediate the requisite cellular outcome. Effective resolution of receptor signaling is also essential, with excessive signaling having the potential for pathological consequences. The Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family of proteins represent one important mechanism to extinguish cytokine and growth factor receptor signaling. There are 8 SOCS proteins in mammals; SOCS1-7 and the alternatively named Cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (CISH). SOCS1-3 and CISH are predominantly associated with the regulation of cytokine receptor signaling, while SOCS4-7 are more commonly involved in the control of Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling. Individual SOCS proteins are typically induced by specific cytokines and growth factors, thereby generating a negative feedback loop. As a consequence of their regulatory properties, SOCS proteins have important functions in development and homeostasis, with increasing recognition of their role in disease, particularly their tumor suppressor and anti-inflammatory functions. This review provides a synthesis of our current understanding of the SOCS family, with an emphasis on their immune and hematopoietic roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique C Trengove
- School of Medicine and Strategic Research Centre in Molecular & Medical Research, Deakin University Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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