1
|
Adamson AW, Ding YC, Steele L, Leong LA, Morgan R, Wakabayashi MT, Han ES, Dellinger TH, Lin PS, Hakim AA, Wilczynski S, Warden CD, Tao S, Bedell V, Cristea MC, Neuhausen SL. Genomic analyses of germline and somatic variation in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:141. [PMID: 37460928 PMCID: PMC10351177 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01234-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSCs) display a high degree of complex genetic alterations. In this study, we identified germline and somatic genetic alterations in HGSC and their association with relapse-free and overall survival. Using a targeted capture of 557 genes involved in DNA damage response and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways, we conducted next-generation sequencing of DNA from matched blood and tumor tissue from 71 HGSC participants. In addition, we performed the OncoScan assay on tumor DNA from 61 participants to examine somatic copy number alterations (SCNA). RESULTS Approximately one-third of tumors had loss-of-function (LOF) germline (18/71, 25.4%) or somatic (7/71, 9.9%) variants in the DNA homologous recombination repair pathway genes BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, MRE11A, BLM, and PALB2. LOF germline variants also were identified in other Fanconi anemia genes and in MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway genes. Most tumors harbored somatic TP53 variants (65/71, 91.5%). Using the OncoScan assay on tumor DNA from 61 participants, we identified focal homozygous deletions in BRCA1, BRCA2, MAP2K4, PTEN, RB1, SLX4, STK11, CREBBP, and NF1. In total, 38% (27/71) of HGSC patients harbored pathogenic variants in DNA homologous recombination repair genes. For patients with multiple tissues from the primary debulking or from multiple surgeries, the somatic mutations were maintained with few newly acquired point mutations suggesting that tumor evolution was not through somatic mutations. There was a significant association of LOF variants in homologous recombination repair pathway genes and high-amplitude somatic copy number alterations. Using GISTIC analysis, we identified NOTCH3, ZNF536, and PIK3R2 in these regions that were significantly associated with an increase in cancer recurrence and a reduction in overall survival. CONCLUSIONS From 71 patients with HGCS, we performed targeted germline and tumor sequencing and provided a comprehensive analysis of these 557 genes. We identified germline and somatic genetic alterations including somatic copy number alterations and analyzed their associations with relapse-free and overall survival. This single-site long-term follow-up study provides additional information on genetic alterations related to occurrence and outcome of HGSC. Our findings suggest that targeted treatments based on both variant and SCNA profile potentially could improve relapse-free and overall survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A W Adamson
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, CA, Duarte, USA
| | - Y C Ding
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, CA, Duarte, USA
| | - L Steele
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, CA, Duarte, USA
| | - L A Leong
- Formerly, Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - R Morgan
- Formerly, Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - M T Wakabayashi
- Currently at Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Formerly City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
- Formerly, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - E S Han
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - T H Dellinger
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - P S Lin
- Formerly, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - A A Hakim
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - S Wilczynski
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - C D Warden
- Integrative Genomics Core, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - S Tao
- Integrative Genomics Core, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - V Bedell
- Cytogenetics Core, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - M C Cristea
- Formerly, Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
- Currently at Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Formerly City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - S L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, CA, Duarte, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Adamson AW, Ding YC, Steele L, Leong LA, Morgan R, Wakabayashi MT, Han ES, Dellinger TH, Lin PS, Hakim AA, Wilczynski S, Warden CD, Tao S, Bedell V, Cristea MC, Neuhausen SL. Genomic Analyses of Germline and Somatic Variation in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2592107. [PMID: 36865331 PMCID: PMC9980206 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2592107/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Background High-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSCs) display a high degree of complex genetic alterations. In this study, we identified germline and somatic genetic alterations in HGSC and their association with relapse-free and overall survival. Using a targeted capture of 577 genes involved in DNA damage response and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways, we conducted next-generation sequencing of DNA from matched blood and tumor tissue from 71 HGSC participants. In addition, we performed the OncoScan assay on tumor DNA from 61 participants to examine somatic copy number alterations. Results Approximately one-third of tumors had loss-of-function germline (18/71, 25.4%) or somatic (7/71, 9.9%) variants in the DNA homologous recombination repair pathway genes BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, MRE11A, BLM , and PALB2 . Loss-of-function germline variants also were identified in other Fanconi anemia genes and in MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway genes. Most tumors harbored somatic TP53 variants (65/71, 91.5%). Using the OncoScan assay on tumor DNA from 61 participants, we identified focal homozygous deletions in BRCA1, BRCA2, MAP2K4, PTEN, RB1, SLX4, STK11, CREBBP , and NF1 . In total, 38% (27/71) of HGSC patients harbored pathogenic variants in DNA homologous recombination repair genes. For patients with multiple tissues from the primary debulking or from multiple surgeries, the somatic mutations were maintained with few newly acquired point mutations suggesting that tumor evolution was not through somatic mutations. There was a significant association of loss-of-function variants in homologous recombination repair pathway genes and high-amplitude somatic copy number alterations. Using GISTIC analysis, we identified NOTCH3, ZNF536 , and PIK3R2 in these regions that were significantly associated with an increase in cancer recurrence and a reduction in overall survival. Conclusions From 71 patients with HGCS, we performed targeted germline and tumor sequencing and provided a comprehensive analysis of these 577 genes. We identified germline and somatic genetic alterations including somatic copy number alterations and analyzed their associations with relapse-free and overall survival. This single-site long-term follow-up study provides additional information on genetic alterations related to occurrence and outcome of HGSC. Our findings suggest that targeted treatments based on both variant and SCNA profile potentially could improve relapse-free and overall survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shu Tao
- City Of Hope National Medical Center
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Du M, Zhang S, Liu X, Xu C, Zhang X. Ploidy Status of Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines and Their Association with Gene Expression Profiles. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010092. [PMID: 36671477 PMCID: PMC9855421 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
As a cancer type potentially dominated by copy number variations, ovarian cancer shows hyperploid karyotypes and large-scale chromosome alterations, which might be promising biomarkers correlated with tumor metastasis and chemoresistance. Experimental studies have provided more information about the roles of aneuploids and polyploids in ovarian cancer. However, ploidy evaluation of ovarian cancer cell lines is still limited, even in some ploidy-related research. Herein, the ploidy landscape of 51 ovarian cancer cell lines from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) were analyzed, and the ploidy statuses of 13 human ovarian cancer cell lines and 2 murine cell lines were evaluated using G-banding and flow cytometry. Most human ovarian cancer cell lines were aneuploid, with modal numbers of 52-86 and numerical complexity ranging from 5 to 12. A2780, COV434 and TOV21G were screened as diploid cell lines, with a modal number of 46, a low aneuploid score and a near-diploid ploidy value. Two murine cell lines, both OV2944-HM1 and ID-8, were near-tetraploid. Integrated information on karyotypes, aneuploid score and ploidy value supplied references for a nondiploid model construction and a parallel analysis of diploid versus aneuploid. Moreover, the gene expression profiles were compared between diploid and aneuploid cell lines. The functions of differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in terms of protein function regulation, TGF-β signaling and cell adhesion molecules. Genes downregulated in the aneuploid group were mainly related to metabolism and protein function regulation, and genes upregulated in the aneuploid group were mainly involved in immune regulation. Differentially expressed genes were randomly distributed on all chromosomes, while chromosome 1 alteration might contribute to immune-related alterations in aneuploid cell lines. Chromosome 19 alteration might be potentially significant for aneuploid ovarian cancer cell lines and patients, which needs further verification in ploidy research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Du
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Congjian Xu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Correspondence: (C.X.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Correspondence: (C.X.); (X.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang X, Hong S, Yu C, Shen X, Sun F, Yang J. Comparative analysis between high -grade serous ovarian cancer and healthy ovarian tissues using single-cell RNA sequencing. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1148628. [PMID: 37124501 PMCID: PMC10140397 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1148628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most common histological subtype of ovarian cancer, and is associated with high mortality rates. Methods In this study, we analyzed specific cell subpopulations and compared different gene functions between healthy ovarian and ovarian cancer cells using single-cell RNA sequencing (ScRNA-seq). We delved deeper into the differences between healthy ovarian and ovarian cancer cells at different levels, and performed specific analysis on endothelial cells. Results We obtained scRNA-seq data of 6867 and 17056 cells from healthy ovarian samples and ovarian cancer samples, respectively. The transcriptional profiles of the groups differed at various stages of ovarian cell development. A detailed comparison of the cell cycle, and cell communication of different groups, revealed significant differences between healthy ovarian and ovarian cancer cells. We also found that apoptosis-related genes, URI1, PAK2, PARP1, CLU and TIMP3, were highly expressed, while immune-related genes, UBB, RPL11, CAV1, NUPR1 and Hsp90ab1, were lowly expressed in ovarian cancer cells. The results of the ScRNA-seq were verified using qPCR. Discussion Our findings revealed differences in function, gene expression and cell interaction patterns between ovarian cancer and healthy ovarian cell populations. These findings provide key insights on further research into the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shihao Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengying Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Longyou People’s Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | | | - Fangying Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianhua Yang,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu G, Zhang J. A Cluster-Based Approach for the Discovery of Copy Number Variations From Next-Generation Sequencing Data. Front Genet 2021; 12:699510. [PMID: 34262604 PMCID: PMC8273656 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.699510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The next-generation sequencing technology offers a wealth of data resources for the detection of copy number variations (CNVs) at a high resolution. However, it is still challenging to correctly detect CNVs of different lengths. It is necessary to develop new CNV detection tools to meet this demand. In this work, we propose a new CNV detection method, called CBCNV, for the detection of CNVs of different lengths from whole genome sequencing data. CBCNV uses a clustering algorithm to divide the read depth segment profile, and assigns an abnormal score to each read depth segment. Based on the abnormal score profile, Tukey's fences method is adopted in CBCNV to forecast CNVs. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated on simulated data sets, and is compared with those of several existing methods. The experimental results prove that the performance of CBCNV is better than those of several existing methods. The proposed method is further tested and verified on real data sets, and the experimental results are found to be consistent with the simulation results. Therefore, the proposed method can be expected to become a routine tool in the analysis of CNVs from tumor-normal matched samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Junying Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ross C, Szczepanek K, Lee M, Yang H, Qiu T, Sanford JD, Hunter K. The genomic landscape of metastasis in treatment-naïve breast cancer models. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008743. [PMID: 32463822 PMCID: PMC7282675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis remains the principle cause of mortality for breast cancer and presents a critical challenge because secondary lesions are often refractory to conventional treatments. While specific genetic alterations are tightly linked to primary tumor development and progression, the role of genetic alteration in the metastatic process is not well-understood. The theory of tumor evolution postulated by Peter Nowell in 1976 has yet to be proven in the context of metastasis. Therefore, in order to investigate how somatic evolution contributes to breast cancer metastasis, we performed exome, whole genome, and RNA sequencing of matched metastatic and primary tumors from pre-clinical mouse models of breast cancer. Here we show that in a treatment-naïve setting, recurrent single nucleotide variants and copy number variation, but not gene fusion events, play key metastasis-driving roles in breast cancer. For instance, we identified recurrent mutations in Kras, a known driver of colorectal and lung tumorigenesis that has not been previously implicated in breast cancer metastasis. However, in a set of in vivo proof-of-concept experiments we show that the Kras G12D mutation is sufficient to significantly promote metastasis using three syngeneic allograft models. The work herein confirms the existence of metastasis-driving mutations and presents a novel framework to identify actionable metastasis-targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Ross
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Metastasis Susceptibility Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Karol Szczepanek
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Metastasis Susceptibility Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Maxwell Lee
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, High-Dimension Data Analysis Group, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Howard Yang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, High-Dimension Data Analysis Group, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tinghu Qiu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Metastasis Susceptibility Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jack D. Sanford
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Metastasis Susceptibility Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kent Hunter
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Metastasis Susceptibility Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu G, Ruan G, Huang M, Chen L, Sun P. Genome-wide DNA copy number profiling and bioinformatics analysis of ovarian cancer reveals key genes and pathways associated with distinct invasive/migratory capabilities. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:178-192. [PMID: 31895688 PMCID: PMC6977652 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) metastasis presents major hurdles that must be overcome to improve patient outcomes. Recent studies have demonstrated copy number variations (CNVs) frequently contribute to alterations in oncogenic drivers. The present study used a CytoScan HD Array to analyse CNVs and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in the entire genomes of 6 OC patients and human OC cell lines to determine the genetic target events leading to the distinct invasive/migratory capacities of OC. The results showed that LOH at Xq11.1 and Xp21.1 and gains at 8q21.13 were novel, specific CNVs. Ovarian cancer-related CNVs were then screened by bioinformatics analysis. In addition, transcription factors-target gene interactions were predicted with information from PASTAA analysis. As a result, six genes (i.e., GAB2, AKT1, EGFR, COL6A3, UGT1A1 and UGT1A8) were identified as strong candidates by integrating the above data with gene expression and clinical outcome data. In the transcriptional regulatory network, 4 known cancer-related transcription factors (TFs) interacted with 6 CNV-driven genes. The protein/DNA arrays revealed 3 of these 4 TFs as potential candidate gene-related transcription factors in OC. We then demonstrated that these six genes can serve as potential biomarkers for OC. Further studies are required to elucidate the pathogenesis of OC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- GuiFen Liu
- Laboratory of Gynaecologic Oncology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - GuanYu Ruan
- Laboratory of Gynaecologic Oncology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - MeiMei Huang
- Laboratory of Gynaecologic Oncology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - LiLi Chen
- Laboratory of Gynaecologic Oncology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - PengMing Sun
- Laboratory of Gynaecologic Oncology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China.,Department of Gynaecology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Baldacchino S, Grech G. Somatic copy number aberrations in metastatic patients: The promise of liquid biopsies. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 60:302-310. [PMID: 31891778 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. The metastatic process involves measurable cellular changes that confer migratory potential, proliferative advantage and the ability to colonise a distinct microenvironment. Accumulation of aberrations and clonal evolution add complexity to patient management and the assessment of the therapeutic sensitivity profile of malignancies. Liquid biopsy presents a repeatable and minimally invasive assessment tool to detect early metastasis, characterise tumour phenotype and detect minimal residual disease. The promise of liquid biopsies is to inform patient management and therapeutic decisions in a timely manner. Clinical translation requires robust methodologies with high sensitivity and tumour specificity. This can be achieved through technological advances but also through novel biologically informed approaches that harness existing knowledge on tumorigenesis. Here we present a review of copy number variations as potential biomarkers for early detection of metastatic potential and outline a biomarker validation process in the context of liquid biopsies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Baldacchino
- Applied Biotech Ltd, Cambridge, UK; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Malta, Malta.
| | - Godfrey Grech
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Malta, Malta
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Harris FR, Zhang P, Yang L, Hou X, Leventakos K, Weroha SJ, Vasmatzis G, Kovtun IV. Targeting HER2 in patient-derived xenograft ovarian cancer models sensitizes tumors to chemotherapy. Mol Oncol 2018; 13:132-152. [PMID: 30499260 PMCID: PMC6360362 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. About 75% of ovarian cancer patients relapse and/or develop chemo‐resistant disease after initial response to standard‐of‐care treatment with platinum‐based therapies. HER2 amplifications and overexpression in ovarian cancer are reported to vary, and responses to HER2 inhibitors have been poor. Next generation sequencing technologies in conjunction with testing using patient‐derived xenografts (PDX) allow validation of personalized treatments. Using a whole‐genome mate‐pair next generation sequencing (MPseq) protocol, we identified several high grade serous ovarian cancers (HGS‐OC) with DNA alterations in genes encoding members of the ERBB2 pathway. The efficiency of anti‐HER2 therapy was tested in three different PDX lines with the identified alterations and high levels of HER2 protein expression. Treatment responses to pertuzumab or pertuzumab/trastuzumab were compared in each PDX line WITH standard carboplatin and paclitaxel combination treatment. In all three PDX models, HER2‐targeted therapy resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth compared with untreated controls. However, the responses in each case were inferior to those to chemotherapy, even for chemo‐resistant lines. When chemotherapy and HER2‐targeted therapy were administered together, a significant regression of tumor was observed after 6 weeks of treatment compared with chemotherapy alone. Post‐treatment analysis of these tissues revealed that inhibition of the ERBB2 pathway occurred at the level of phosphorylation and expression of downstream targets. In conclusion, while targeting of presumably activated ERBB2 pathway alone in HGS‐OC results in a modest treatment benefit, a combination therapy including both chemotherapy drugs and HER2 inhibitors provides a far better response. Further studies are needed to address development of recurrence and sensitivity of recurrent disease to HER2‐targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faye R Harris
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Piyan Zhang
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lin Yang
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Xiaonan Hou
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Saravut J Weroha
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - George Vasmatzis
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Irina V Kovtun
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li Y, Liu C, Liao Y, Wang W, Hu B, Lu X, Cui J. Characterizing the landscape of peritoneal exosomal microRNAs in patients with ovarian cancer by high-throughput sequencing. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:539-547. [PMID: 30655799 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) in peritoneal exosomes that were isolated from 10 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) with metastasis in the abdominal cavity and 10 participants without cancer (NC) were identified. These differentially expressed miRNAs that were revealed by next-generation sequencing were categorized by Gene Ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis of their target genes. Notably, two miRNAs that were associated with EOC-miR-149-3p and miR-222-5p-were identified. There were significant differences in expression of miR-149-3p and miR-222-5p between EOC and NC samples, and the effect of the expression level of the two miRNAs on the patient survival was identified using publicly available data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. There is an association between these two miRNAs and EOC, that was further verified by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction in peritoneal exosomes from 10 patients with EOC and NC participants. These results indicated that miR-149-3p and miR-222-5p might be novel biomarkers for evaluating the prognosis of patients with EOC and that these two miRNAs might have potential therapeutic values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuankun Li
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Cuihua Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Zhengzhou First People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Yumei Liao
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Wuliang Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Lu
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Jinquan Cui
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
A molecular portrait of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in prostate cancer associated with clinical outcome. Oncogene 2018; 38:913-934. [PMID: 30194451 PMCID: PMC6514858 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The propensity of cancer cells to transition between epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypic states via the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) program can regulate metastatic processes, cancer progression, and treatment resistance. Transcriptional investigations using reversible models of EMT, revealed the mesenchymal-to-epithelial reverting transition (MErT) to be enriched in clinical samples of metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). From this enrichment, a metastasis-derived gene signature was identified that predicted more rapid cancer relapse and reduced survival across multiple human carcinoma types. Additionally, the transcriptional profile of MErT is not a simple mirror image of EMT as tumour cells retain a transcriptional “memory” following a reversible EMT. This memory was also enriched in mCRPC samples. Cumulatively, our studies reveal the transcriptional profile of epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity and highlight the unique transcriptional properties of MErT. Furthermore, our findings provide evidence to support the association of epithelial plasticity with poor clinical outcomes in multiple human carcinoma types.
Collapse
|
12
|
Wong HSC, Chang WC. Losses of cytokines and chemokines are common genetic features of human cancers: the somatic copy number alterations are correlated with patient prognoses and therapeutic resistance. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1468951. [PMID: 30228934 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1468951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intricate relationships among cytokines (including chemokines) shape the tumor microenvironment (TME) and reflect cell-cell interactions between malignant cells and other cells from the TME. Although our previous study indicated the transcriptional landscape of cytokines in 19 cancer types, the global pattern somatic copy number (SCN) alterations and the clinical relevance of cytokines have not been systematically investigated. Here, we reported a significant negative selection on cytokine genes. We also linked the SCN losses of cytokine genes to the abundance of immune infiltrates which affects cancer progression and patient prognoses. We also demonstrated and validated the correlations between SCN alterations of cytokine-containing loci and drug sensitivity. The results indicated the genomic loss of cytokines in malignant cells as a crucial theme for interrogating cancer progression, malignant cell-TME interactions, and therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Sung-Ching Wong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Master Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chiao Chang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Master Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Biomarkers and Biotech Drugs, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kim S, Gwak H, Kim HS, Kim B, Dhanasekaran DN, Song YS. Malignant ascites enhances migratory and invasive properties of ovarian cancer cells with membrane bound IL-6R in vitro. Oncotarget 2018; 7:83148-83159. [PMID: 27825119 PMCID: PMC5347759 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcoelomic route is the most common and the earliest route of metastasis, causing the ascites formation in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). We demonstrated that interleukin 6 (IL-6) is enriched in the malignant ascites from patients with ovarian cancer, which enhanced invasive properties of EOC cells. Interestingly, the expression of IL-6R on cell membrane of EOC cells correlated with ascites-induced invasion. Selective knockdown of IL-6R or inhibition with IL-6 neutralizing antibody, suppressed the stimulatory effects of ascites on EOC invasion. Moreover, the ascites treatment induced the phosphorylation of JAK2-STAT3 and use of selective inhibitors of JAK2 and STAT3, blocked the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition related proteins in parallel with the suppression of EOC invasion. Thus, IL-6/IL-6R mediated JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway could be a promising therapeutic target for anticancer therapy in ovarian cancer patients with ascites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soochi Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - HyeRan Gwak
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Seung Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Boyun Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Nano System Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Yong Sang Song
- Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ovarian Cancers: Genetic Abnormalities, Tumor Heterogeneity and Progression, Clonal Evolution and Cancer Stem Cells. MEDICINES 2018; 5:medicines5010016. [PMID: 29389895 PMCID: PMC5874581 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Four main histological subtypes of ovarian cancer exist: serous (the most frequent), endometrioid, mucinous and clear cell; in each subtype, low and high grade. The large majority of ovarian cancers are diagnosed as high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGS-OvCas). TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in HGS-OvCas; about 50% of these tumors displayed defective homologous recombination due to germline and somatic BRCA mutations, epigenetic inactivation of BRCA and abnormalities of DNA repair genes; somatic copy number alterations are frequent in these tumors and some of them are associated with prognosis; defective NOTCH, RAS/MEK, PI3K and FOXM1 pathway signaling is frequent. Other histological subtypes were characterized by a different mutational spectrum: LGS-OvCas have increased frequency of BRAF and RAS mutations; mucinous cancers have mutation in ARID1A, PIK3CA, PTEN, CTNNB1 and RAS. Intensive research was focused to characterize ovarian cancer stem cells, based on positivity for some markers, including CD133, CD44, CD117, CD24, EpCAM, LY6A, ALDH1. Ovarian cancer cells have an intrinsic plasticity, thus explaining that in a single tumor more than one cell subpopulation, may exhibit tumor-initiating capacity. The improvements in our understanding of the molecular and cellular basis of ovarian cancers should lead to more efficacious treatments.
Collapse
|
15
|
Ho TH, Serie DJ, Parasramka M, Cheville JC, Bot BM, Tan W, Wang L, Joseph RW, Hilton T, Leibovich BC, Parker AS, Eckel-Passow JE. Differential gene expression profiling of matched primary renal cell carcinoma and metastases reveals upregulation of extracellular matrix genes. Ann Oncol 2017; 28:604-610. [PMID: 27993815 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The majority of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) studies analyze primary tumors, and the corresponding results are extrapolated to metastatic RCC tumors. However, it is unknown if gene expression profiles from primary RCC tumors differs from patient-matched metastatic tumors. Thus, we sought to identify differentially expressed genes between patient-matched primary and metastatic RCC tumors in order to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of RCC metastases. Patients and methods We compared gene expression profiles between patient-matched primary and metastatic RCC tumors using a two-stage design. First, we used Affymetrix microarrays on 15 pairs of primary RCC [14 clear cell RCC (ccRCC), 1 papillary] tumors and patient-matched pulmonary metastases. Second, we used a custom NanoString panel to validate seven candidate genes in an independent cohort of 114 ccRCC patients. Differential gene expression was evaluated using a mixed effect linear model; a random effect denoting patient was included to account for the paired data. Third, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data were used to evaluate associations with metastasis-free and overall survival in primary ccRCC tumors. Results We identified and validated up regulation of seven genes functionally involved in the formation of the extracellular matrix (ECM): DCN, SLIT2, LUM, LAMA2, ADAMTS12, CEACAM6 and LMO3. In primary ccRCC, CEACAM6 and LUM were significantly associated with metastasis-free and overall survival (P < 0.01). Conclusions We evaluated gene expression profiles using the largest set to date, to our knowledge, of patient-matched primary and metastatic ccRCC tumors and identified up regulation of ECM genes in metastases. Our study implicates up regulation of ECM genes as a critical molecular event leading to visceral, bone and soft tissue metastases in ccRCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T H Ho
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, USA
| | - D J Serie
- Departments of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - J C Cheville
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - B M Bot
- Computational Oncology, Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, USA
| | - W Tan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - L Wang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei Province, China
| | - R W Joseph
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - T Hilton
- Departments of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - A S Parker
- Departments of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - J E Eckel-Passow
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li L, Bai H, Yang J, Cao D, Shen K. Genome-wide DNA copy number analysis in clonally expanded human ovarian cancer cells with distinct invasive/migratory capacities. Oncotarget 2017; 8:15136-15148. [PMID: 28122348 PMCID: PMC5362473 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has the worst prognosis of any gynecological malignancy, and generally presents with metastasis at advanced stages. Copy number variation (CNV) frequently contributes to the alteration of oncogenic drivers. In this study, we sought to identify genetic targets in heterogeneous clones from human ovarian cancers cells. We used array-based technology to systematically assess all the genes with CNVs in cell models clonally expanded from A2780 and SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell lines with distinct highly and minimally invasive/migratory capacities. We found that copy number alterations differed between matched highly and minimally invasive/migratory subclones, differentially affecting specific functional processes including immune response processes, DNA damage repair, cell cycle and cell proliferation. We also identified seven genes as strong candidates, including DDB1, ERCC1, ERCC2, PRPF19, BCAT1, CDKN1B and MARK4, by integrating the above data with gene expression and clinical outcome data. Thus, by determining the molecular signatures of heterogeneous invasive/migratory ovarian cancer cells, we identified genes that could be specifically targeted for the treatment and prognosis of advanced ovarian cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Bai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyan Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Keng Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Vargas HA, Huang EP, Lakhman Y, Ippolito JE, Bhosale P, Mellnick V, Shinagare AB, Anello M, Kirby J, Fevrier-Sullivan B, Freymann J, Jaffe CC, Sala E. Radiogenomics of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer: Multireader Multi-Institutional Study from the Cancer Genome Atlas Ovarian Cancer Imaging Research Group. Radiology 2017. [PMID: 28641043 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2017161870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate interradiologist agreement on assessments of computed tomography (CT) imaging features of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), to assess their associations with time-to-disease progression (TTP) and HGSOC transcriptomic profiles (Classification of Ovarian Cancer [CLOVAR]), and to develop an imaging-based risk score system to predict TTP and CLOVAR profiles. Materials and Methods This study was a multireader, multi-institutional, institutional review board-approved, HIPAA-compliant retrospective analysis of 92 patients with HGSOC (median age, 61 years) with abdominopelvic CT before primary cytoreductive surgery available through the Cancer Imaging Archive. Eight radiologists from the Cancer Genome Atlas Ovarian Cancer Imaging Research Group developed and independently recorded the following CT features: characteristics of primary ovarian mass(es), presence of definable mesenteric implants and infiltration, presence of other implants, presence and distribution of peritoneal spread, presence and size of pleural effusions and ascites, lymphadenopathy, and distant metastases. Interobserver agreement for CT features was assessed, as were univariate and multivariate associations with TTP and CLOVAR mesenchymal profile (worst prognosis). Results Interobserver agreement for some features was strong (eg, α = .78 for pleural effusion and ascites) but was lower for others (eg, α = .08 for intraparenchymal splenic metastases). Presence of peritoneal disease in the right upper quadrant (P = .0003), supradiaphragmatic lymphadenopathy (P = .0004), more peritoneal disease sites (P = .0006), and nonvisualization of a discrete ovarian mass (P = .0037) were associated with shorter TTP. More peritoneal disease sites (P = .0025) and presence of pouch of Douglas implants (P = .0045) were associated with CLOVAR mesenchymal profile. Combinations of imaging features contained predictive signal for TTP (concordance index = 0.658; P = .0006) and CLOVAR profile (mean squared deviation = 1.776; P = .0043). Conclusion These results provide some evidence of the clinical and biologic validity of these image features. Interobserver agreement is strong for some features, but could be improved for others. © RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hebert Alberto Vargas
- From the Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, Room C278, New York, NY 10065 (H.A.V., Y.L., E.S.); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Md (E.P.H.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (J.E.I., V.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (P.B.); Department of Imaging, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.S.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.S.); Department of Radiology, Magee-Womens Hospital of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa (M.A.); Leidos Biomedical Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Md (J.K., B.F.S., J.F.); and Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass (C.C.J.)
| | - Erich P Huang
- From the Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, Room C278, New York, NY 10065 (H.A.V., Y.L., E.S.); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Md (E.P.H.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (J.E.I., V.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (P.B.); Department of Imaging, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.S.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.S.); Department of Radiology, Magee-Womens Hospital of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa (M.A.); Leidos Biomedical Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Md (J.K., B.F.S., J.F.); and Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass (C.C.J.)
| | - Yulia Lakhman
- From the Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, Room C278, New York, NY 10065 (H.A.V., Y.L., E.S.); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Md (E.P.H.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (J.E.I., V.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (P.B.); Department of Imaging, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.S.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.S.); Department of Radiology, Magee-Womens Hospital of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa (M.A.); Leidos Biomedical Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Md (J.K., B.F.S., J.F.); and Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass (C.C.J.)
| | - Joseph E Ippolito
- From the Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, Room C278, New York, NY 10065 (H.A.V., Y.L., E.S.); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Md (E.P.H.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (J.E.I., V.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (P.B.); Department of Imaging, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.S.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.S.); Department of Radiology, Magee-Womens Hospital of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa (M.A.); Leidos Biomedical Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Md (J.K., B.F.S., J.F.); and Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass (C.C.J.)
| | - Priya Bhosale
- From the Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, Room C278, New York, NY 10065 (H.A.V., Y.L., E.S.); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Md (E.P.H.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (J.E.I., V.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (P.B.); Department of Imaging, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.S.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.S.); Department of Radiology, Magee-Womens Hospital of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa (M.A.); Leidos Biomedical Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Md (J.K., B.F.S., J.F.); and Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass (C.C.J.)
| | - Vincent Mellnick
- From the Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, Room C278, New York, NY 10065 (H.A.V., Y.L., E.S.); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Md (E.P.H.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (J.E.I., V.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (P.B.); Department of Imaging, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.S.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.S.); Department of Radiology, Magee-Womens Hospital of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa (M.A.); Leidos Biomedical Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Md (J.K., B.F.S., J.F.); and Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass (C.C.J.)
| | - Atul B Shinagare
- From the Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, Room C278, New York, NY 10065 (H.A.V., Y.L., E.S.); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Md (E.P.H.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (J.E.I., V.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (P.B.); Department of Imaging, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.S.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.S.); Department of Radiology, Magee-Womens Hospital of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa (M.A.); Leidos Biomedical Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Md (J.K., B.F.S., J.F.); and Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass (C.C.J.)
| | - Maria Anello
- From the Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, Room C278, New York, NY 10065 (H.A.V., Y.L., E.S.); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Md (E.P.H.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (J.E.I., V.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (P.B.); Department of Imaging, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.S.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.S.); Department of Radiology, Magee-Womens Hospital of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa (M.A.); Leidos Biomedical Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Md (J.K., B.F.S., J.F.); and Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass (C.C.J.)
| | - Justin Kirby
- From the Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, Room C278, New York, NY 10065 (H.A.V., Y.L., E.S.); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Md (E.P.H.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (J.E.I., V.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (P.B.); Department of Imaging, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.S.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.S.); Department of Radiology, Magee-Womens Hospital of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa (M.A.); Leidos Biomedical Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Md (J.K., B.F.S., J.F.); and Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass (C.C.J.)
| | - Brenda Fevrier-Sullivan
- From the Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, Room C278, New York, NY 10065 (H.A.V., Y.L., E.S.); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Md (E.P.H.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (J.E.I., V.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (P.B.); Department of Imaging, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.S.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.S.); Department of Radiology, Magee-Womens Hospital of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa (M.A.); Leidos Biomedical Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Md (J.K., B.F.S., J.F.); and Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass (C.C.J.)
| | - John Freymann
- From the Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, Room C278, New York, NY 10065 (H.A.V., Y.L., E.S.); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Md (E.P.H.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (J.E.I., V.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (P.B.); Department of Imaging, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.S.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.S.); Department of Radiology, Magee-Womens Hospital of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa (M.A.); Leidos Biomedical Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Md (J.K., B.F.S., J.F.); and Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass (C.C.J.)
| | - C Carl Jaffe
- From the Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, Room C278, New York, NY 10065 (H.A.V., Y.L., E.S.); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Md (E.P.H.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (J.E.I., V.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (P.B.); Department of Imaging, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.S.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.S.); Department of Radiology, Magee-Womens Hospital of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa (M.A.); Leidos Biomedical Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Md (J.K., B.F.S., J.F.); and Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass (C.C.J.)
| | - Evis Sala
- From the Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, Room C278, New York, NY 10065 (H.A.V., Y.L., E.S.); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Md (E.P.H.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (J.E.I., V.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (P.B.); Department of Imaging, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.S.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.S.); Department of Radiology, Magee-Womens Hospital of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa (M.A.); Leidos Biomedical Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Md (J.K., B.F.S., J.F.); and Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass (C.C.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Choi YJ, Rhee JK, Hur SY, Kim MS, Lee SH, Chung YJ, Kim TM, Lee SH. Intraindividual genomic heterogeneity of high-grade serous carcinoma of the ovary and clinical utility of ascitic cancer cells for mutation profiling. J Pathol 2016; 241:57-66. [PMID: 27741368 DOI: 10.1002/path.4819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intraindividual tumoural heterogeneity (ITH) is a hallmark of solid tumours and impedes accurate genomic diagnosis and selection of proper therapy. The aim of this study was to identify ITH of ovarian high-grade serous carcinomas (OSCs) and to determine the utility of ascitic cancer cells as a resource for mutation profiling in spite of ITH. We performed whole-exome sequencing, copy number profiling and DNA methylation profiling of four OSC genomes by using multiregional biopsies from 13 intraovarian lesions, 12 extraovarian tumour lesions (omentum/peritoneum), and ascitic cells. We observed substantial levels of heterogeneity in mutations and copy number alterations (CNAs) of the OSCs. We categorized the mutations into 'common', 'shared' and 'private' according to the regional distribution. Six common, eight shared and 24 private mutations were observed in known cancer-related genes. Common mutations had a higher mutant allele frequency, and included TP53 mutations in all four OSCs. Region-specific chromosomal amplifications and deletions involving BRCA1, PIK3CA and RB1 were also identified. It is of note that the mutations detected in ascitic cancer cells represented 92.3-100% of overall somatic mutations in the given case. Phylogenetic analyses of ascitic genomes predicted a polyseeding origin of somatic mutations in ascitic cells. Our results demonstrate that, despite ITH, somatic mutations, CNAs and DNA methylations in both 'common' category and cancer-related genes were highly conserved in ascitic cells of OSCs, highlighting the clinical relevance of genome analysis of ascitic cells. Ascitic tumour cells may serve as a potential resource for discovering somatic mutations of primary OSC with diagnostic and therapeutic relevance. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youn Jin Choi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Evolution Research Centre, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Keun Rhee
- Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Hur
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynaecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sung Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hak Lee
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeun-Jun Chung
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Integrated Research Centre for Genome Polymorphism, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Min Kim
- Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Catholic Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sug Hyung Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Evolution Research Centre, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ahmed I, Karedath T, Andrews SS, Al IK, Mohamoud YA, Querleu D, Rafii A, Malek JA. Altered expression pattern of circular RNAs in primary and metastatic sites of epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:36366-36381. [PMID: 27119352 PMCID: PMC5095006 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, a class of endogenous species of RNA called circular RNA (circRNA) has been shown to regulate gene expression in mammals and their role in cellular function is just beginning to be understood. To investigate the role of circRNAs in ovarian cancer, we performed paired-end RNA sequencing of primary sites, peritoneal and lymph node metastases from three patients with stage IIIC ovarian cancer. We developed an in-house computational pipeline to identify and characterize the circRNA expression from paired-end RNA-Seq libraries. This pipeline revealed thousands of circular isoforms in Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma (EOC). These circRNAs are enriched for potentially effective miRNA seed matches. A significantly larger number of circRNAs are differentially expressed between tumor sites than mRNAs. Circular and linear expression exhibits an inverse trend for many cancer related pathways and signaling pathways like NFkB, PI3k/AKT and TGF-β typically activated for mRNA in metastases are inhibited for circRNA expression. Further, circRNAs show a more robust expression pattern across patients than mRNA forms indicating their suitability as biomarkers in highly heterogeneous cancer transcriptomes. The consistency of circular RNA expression may offer new candidates for cancer treatment and prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikhlak Ahmed
- Department of Genetic medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Ar-Rayyan, Qatar
| | - Thasni Karedath
- Department of Genetic medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Ar-Rayyan, Qatar
| | - Simeon S. Andrews
- Department of Genetic medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Ar-Rayyan, Qatar
| | - Iman K. Al
- Genomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Ar-Rayyan, Qatar
| | - Yasmin Ali Mohamoud
- Genomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Ar-Rayyan, Qatar
| | - Denis Querleu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Université Montepllier 1, Montpellier, France
| | - Arash Rafii
- Stem Cell and Microenvironment Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Ar-Rayyan, Qatar
| | - Joel A. Malek
- Department of Genetic medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Ar-Rayyan, Qatar
- Genomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Ar-Rayyan, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Halabi NM, Martinez A, Al-Farsi H, Mery E, Puydenus L, Pujol P, Khalak HG, McLurcan C, Ferron G, Querleu D, Al-Azwani I, Al-Dous E, Mohamoud YA, Malek JA, Rafii A. Preferential Allele Expression Analysis Identifies Shared Germline and Somatic Driver Genes in Advanced Ovarian Cancer. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005755. [PMID: 26735499 PMCID: PMC4703369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying genes where a variant allele is preferentially expressed in tumors could lead to a better understanding of cancer biology and optimization of targeted therapy. However, tumor sample heterogeneity complicates standard approaches for detecting preferential allele expression. We therefore developed a novel approach combining genome and transcriptome sequencing data from the same sample that corrects for sample heterogeneity and identifies significant preferentially expressed alleles. We applied this analysis to epithelial ovarian cancer samples consisting of matched primary ovary and peritoneum and lymph node metastasis. We find that preferentially expressed variant alleles include germline and somatic variants, are shared at a relatively high frequency between patients, and are in gene networks known to be involved in cancer processes. Analysis at a patient level identifies patient-specific preferentially expressed alleles in genes that are targets for known drugs. Analysis at a site level identifies patterns of site specific preferential allele expression with similar pathways being impacted in the primary and metastasis sites. We conclude that genes with preferentially expressed variant alleles can act as cancer drivers and that targeting those genes could lead to new therapeutic strategies. Identifying genes that contribute to cancer biology is complicated partly because cancers can have dozens of somatic mutations and thousands of germline variants. Somatic mutations are gene variants that arise after conception in an organism while germline variants are gene variants present at conception in an organism. Most methods to identify cancer drivers have focused on determining somatic mutations. In this study we attempt to identify, from a tumor sample, important germline and somatic variants by determining if a variant is expressed (made into RNA) more than expected from the amount of the variant in the genome. The preferred expression of a variant could benefit cancer cells. When applying our analysis to ovarian cancer samples we found that despite the apparent heterogeneity, different patients frequently share the same genes with preferentially expressed variants. These genes in many cases are known to affect cancer processes such as DNA repair, cell adhesion and cell signaling and are targetable with known drugs. We therefore conclude that our analysis can identify germline and somatic gene variants that contribute to cancer biology and can potentially guide individualized therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Najeeb M. Halabi
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Halema Al-Farsi
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
| | - Eliane Mery
- Pathology Department, Institute Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Pascal Pujol
- Oncogenetics, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Hanif G. Khalak
- Advanced Computing, Weill-Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Cameron McLurcan
- Biosciences Department, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gwenael Ferron
- Surgery Department, Institute Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, France
| | - Denis Querleu
- Surgery Department, Institute Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, France
| | - Iman Al-Azwani
- Genomics Core, Weill-Cornell Medical in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Eman Al-Dous
- Genomics Core, Weill-Cornell Medical in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Joel A. Malek
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
- Genomics Core, Weill-Cornell Medical in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Arash Rafii
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
- Stem Cells and Microenvironment Laboratory, Weill-Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pasquier J, Abu-Kaoud N, Al Thani H, Rafii A. Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in a Clinical Perspective. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2015; 2015:792182. [PMID: 26425122 PMCID: PMC4575734 DOI: 10.1155/2015/792182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor growth and metastatic dissemination rely on cellular plasticity. Among the different phenotypes acquired by cancer cells, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been extensively illustrated. Indeed, this transition allows an epithelial polarized cell to acquire a more mesenchymal phenotype with increased mobility and invasiveness. The role of EMT is quite clear during developmental stage. In the neoplastic context in many tumors EMT has been associated with a more aggressive tumor phenotype including local invasion and distant metastasis. EMT allows the cell to invade surrounding tissues and survive in the general circulation and through a stem cell phenotype grown in the host organ. The molecular pathways underlying EMT have also been clearly defined and their description is beyond the scope of this review. Here we will summarize and analyze the attempts made to block EMT in the therapeutic context. Indeed, till today, most of the studies are made in animal models. Few clinical trials are ongoing with no obvious benefits of EMT inhibitors yet. We point out the limitations of EMT targeting such tumor heterogeneity or the dynamics of EMT during disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Pasquier
- Stem Cell and Microenvironment Laboratory, Department of Genetic Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Nadine Abu-Kaoud
- Stem Cell and Microenvironment Laboratory, Department of Genetic Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Haya Al Thani
- Stem Cell and Microenvironment Laboratory, Department of Genetic Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Arash Rafii
- Stem Cell and Microenvironment Laboratory, Department of Genetic Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lovvorn HN, Pierce J, Libes J, Li B, Wei Q, Correa H, Gouffon J, Clark PE, Axt JR, Hansen E, Newton M, O'Neill JA. Genetic and chromosomal alterations in Kenyan Wilms Tumor. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2015; 54:702-15. [PMID: 26274016 PMCID: PMC4567398 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilms tumor (WT) is the most common childhood kidney cancer worldwide and poses a cancer health disparity to black children of sub-Saharan African ancestry. Although overall survival from WT at 5 years exceeds 90% in developed countries, this pediatric cancer is alarmingly lethal in sub-Saharan Africa and specifically in Kenya (36% survival at 2 years). Although multiple barriers to adequate WT therapy contribute to this dismal outcome, we hypothesized that a uniquely aggressive and treatment-resistant biology compromises survival further. To explore the biologic composition of Kenyan WT (KWT), we completed a next generation sequencing analysis targeting 10 WT-associated genes and evaluated whole-genome copy number variation. The study cohort was comprised of 44 KWT patients and their specimens. Fourteen children are confirmed dead at 2 years and 11 remain lost to follow-up despite multiple tracing attempts. TP53 was mutated most commonly in 11 KWT specimens (25%), CTNNB1 in 10 (23%), MYCN in 8 (18%), AMER1 in 5 (11%), WT1 and TOP2A in 4 (9%), and IGF2 in 3 (7%). Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at 17p, which covers TP53, was detected in 18% of specimens examined. Copy number gain at 1q, a poor prognostic indicator of WT biology in developed countries, was detected in 32% of KWT analyzed, and 89% of these children are deceased. Similarly, LOH at 11q was detected in 32% of KWT, and 80% of these patients are deceased. From this genomic analysis, KWT biology appears uniquely aggressive and treatment-resistant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harold N Lovvorn
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Janene Pierce
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Jaime Libes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL
| | - Bingshan Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Hernan Correa
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Peter E Clark
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Jason R Axt
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Erik Hansen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Mark Newton
- Division of Pediatric Anesthesia, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - James A O'Neill
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Blagden SP. Harnessing Pandemonium: The Clinical Implications of Tumor Heterogeneity in Ovarian Cancer. Front Oncol 2015; 5:149. [PMID: 26175968 PMCID: PMC4485078 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity has emerged as a key feature of ovarian cancer between different ovarian cancer subtypes; within single ovarian cancer subtypes; and within individual patient tumors. At the genomic level, with the advent of ultra-deep sequencing technologies alongside RNA-Seq, epigenomics, and proteomics, the complexity surrounding heterogeneity has deepened. Here, we summarize the emerging understanding of heterogeneity in cancer as a whole and the key discoveries in this area relating to ovarian cancer. We explore the therapeutic limitations and possibilities posed by heterogeneity and how these will influence the future of ovarian cancer treatment and research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah P Blagden
- Department of Oncology, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Baker AF, Malm SW, Pandey R, Laughren C, Cui H, Roe D, Chambers SK. Evaluation of a hypoxia regulated gene panel in ovarian cancer. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT SOCIETY 2015; 8:45-56. [PMID: 25998313 PMCID: PMC4449346 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-015-0166-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A panel of nine hypoxia regulated genes, selected from a previously published fifty gene panel, was investigated for its ability to predict hypoxic ovarian cancer phenotypes. All nine genes including vascular endothelial growth factor A, glucose transporter 1, phosphoglycerate mutase 1, lactate dehydrogenase A, prolyl 4-hydroxylase, alpha-polypeptide 1, adrenomedullin, N-myc downstream regulated 1, aldolase A, and carbonic anhydrase 9 were upregulated in the HEY and OVCAR-3 human ovarian cell lines cultured in vitro under hypoxic compared to normoxic conditions as measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The gene panel was also elevated in HEY xenograft tumor tissue compared to HEY cells cultured in normoxia. The HEY xenograft tissue demonstrated heterogeneous positive immunohistochemical staining for the exogenous hypoxia biomarker pimonidazole, and the hypoxia regulated protein carbonic anhydrase IX. A quantitative nuclease protection assay (qNPA) was developed which included the nine hypoxia regulated genes. The qNPA assay provided similar results to those obtained using qRT-PCR for cultured cell lines. The qNPA assay was also evaluated using paraffin embedded fixed tissues including a set of five patient matched primary and metastatic serous cancers and four normal ovaries. In this small sample set the average gene expression was higher in primary and metastatic cancer tissue compared to normal ovaries for the majority of genes investigated. This study supports further evaluation by qNPA of this gene panel as an alternative or complimentary method to existing protein biomarkers to identify ovarian cancers with a hypoxic phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda F. Baker
- University of Arizona Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona ,University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N. Campbell Ave Room 3977A, Tucson, AZ 85724 Arizona
| | - Scott W. Malm
- University of Arizona Cancer Center and College of Pharmacy, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ritu Pandey
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N. Campbell Ave Room 3977A, Tucson, AZ 85724 Arizona
| | - Cindy Laughren
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N. Campbell Ave Room 3977A, Tucson, AZ 85724 Arizona
| | - Haiyan Cui
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N. Campbell Ave Room 3977A, Tucson, AZ 85724 Arizona
| | - Denise Roe
- University of Arizona Cancer Center and Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Setsuko K. Chambers
- University of Arizona Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Luo P, Fei J, Zhou J, Zhang W. microRNA-126 suppresses PAK4 expression in ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells. Oncol Lett 2015; 9:2225-2229. [PMID: 26137045 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary ovarian cancer is one of the predominant causes of mortality from gynecological cancer. The suppression of serine/threonine p21-activated kinases (PAKs), proteins involved in cell morphology and cytoskeletal reorganization, has been hypothesized to improve the survival of patients with ovarian cancer. However, the association between microRNA-126 (miR-126) and PAK4 in the inhibition of ovarian cancer cell invasion remains to be established. The present study demonstrated changes in the level of PAK4 expression in ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells with altered miR-126 compared with normal SKOV3 cells. The SKOV3 cells that were transfected with LV3-miR-126 to increase miR-126 expression exhibited significantly downregulated expression levels of PAK4 (P<0.05), whilst transfection with the LV3-hsa-miR-126 inhibitor increased the expression of PAK4 in these cells (P<0.05), as assessed by immunofluorescence staining. Furthermore, western blot analysis revealed a significant increase in PAK4 expression in the SKOV3 cells transfected with the LV3-hsa-miR-126 inhibitor, and a decrease in those transfected with LV3-hsa-miR-126. The present study provides an experimental foundation for miR-126 as a potential tumor suppressor that may decrease PAK4 expression to inhibit ovarian cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Luo
- Department of Gynecology, Fuyang People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311400, P.R. China
| | - Jing Fei
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Weijiang Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lee JY, Yoon JK, Kim B, Kim S, Kim MA, Lim H, Bang D, Song YS. Tumor evolution and intratumor heterogeneity of an epithelial ovarian cancer investigated using next-generation sequencing. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:85. [PMID: 25881093 PMCID: PMC4346117 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1077-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extent to which metastatic tumors further evolve by accumulating additional mutations is unclear and has yet to be addressed extensively using next-generation sequencing of high-grade serous ovarian cancer. METHODS Eleven spatially separated tumor samples from the primary tumor and associated metastatic sites and two normal samples were obtained from a Stage IIIC ovarian cancer patient during cytoreductive surgery prior to chemotherapy. Whole exome sequencing and copy number analysis were performed. Omental exomes were sequenced with a high depth of coverage to thoroughly explore the variants in metastatic lesions. Somatic mutations were further validated by ultra-deep targeted sequencing to sort out false positives and false negatives. Based on the somatic mutations and copy number variation profiles, a phylogenetic tree was generated to explore the evolutionary relationship among tumor samples. RESULTS Only 6% of the somatic mutations were present in every sample of a given case with TP53 as the only known mutant gene consistently present in all samples. Two non-spatial clusters of primary tumors (cluster P1 and P2), and a cluster of metastatic regions (cluster M) were identified. The patterns of mutations indicate that cluster P1 and P2 diverged in the early phase of tumorigenesis, and that metastatic cluster M originated from the common ancestral clone of cluster P1 with few somatic mutations and copy number variations. CONCLUSIONS Although a high level of intratumor heterogeneity was evident in high-grade serous ovarian cancer, our results suggest that transcoelomic metastasis arises with little accumulation of somatic mutations and copy number alterations in this patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Yun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea.
| | - Jung-Ki Yoon
- College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea.
| | - Boyun Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soochi Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min A Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeonseob Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Room 437, Science Building, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea.
| | - Duhee Bang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Room 437, Science Building, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea.
| | - Yong-Sang Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea. .,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea. .,Major in Biomodulation, World Class University, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
NCI Workshop Report: Clinical and Computational Requirements for Correlating Imaging Phenotypes with Genomics Signatures. Transl Oncol 2014; 7:556-69. [PMID: 25389451 PMCID: PMC4225695 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The National Cancer Institute (NCI) Cancer Imaging Program organized two related workshops on June 26–27, 2013, entitled “Correlating Imaging Phenotypes with Genomics Signatures Research” and “Scalable Computational Resources as Required for Imaging-Genomics Decision Support Systems.” The first workshop focused on clinical and scientific requirements, exploring our knowledge of phenotypic characteristics of cancer biological properties to determine whether the field is sufficiently advanced to correlate with imaging phenotypes that underpin genomics and clinical outcomes, and exploring new scientific methods to extract phenotypic features from medical images and relate them to genomics analyses. The second workshop focused on computational methods that explore informatics and computational requirements to extract phenotypic features from medical images and relate them to genomics analyses and improve the accessibility and speed of dissemination of existing NIH resources. These workshops linked clinical and scientific requirements of currently known phenotypic and genotypic cancer biology characteristics with imaging phenotypes that underpin genomics and clinical outcomes. The group generated a set of recommendations to NCI leadership and the research community that encourage and support development of the emerging radiogenomics research field to address short-and longer-term goals in cancer research.
Collapse
|
28
|
Touboul C, Vidal F, Pasquier J, Lis R, Rafii A. Role of mesenchymal cells in the natural history of ovarian cancer: a review. J Transl Med 2014; 12:271. [PMID: 25303976 PMCID: PMC4197295 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0271-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynaecologic malignancy. Despite progresses in chemotherapy and ultra-radical surgeries, this locally metastatic disease presents a high rate of local recurrence advocating for the role of a peritoneal niche. For several years, it was believed that tumor initiation, progression and metastasis were merely due to the changes in the neoplastic cell population and the adjacent non-neoplastic tissues were regarded as bystanders. The importance of the tumor microenvironment and its cellular component emerged from studies on the histopathological sequence of changes at the interface between putative tumor cells and the surrounding non-neoplastic tissues during carcinogenesis. Method In this review we aimed to describe the pro-tumoral crosstalk between ovarian cancer and mesenchymal stem cells. A PubMed search was performed for articles published pertaining to mesenchymal stem cells and specific to ovarian cancer. Results Mesenchymal stem cells participate to an elaborate crosstalk through direct and paracrine interaction with ovarian cancer cells. They play a role at different stages of the disease: survival and peritoneal infiltration at early stage, proliferation in distant sites, chemoresistance and recurrence at later stage. Conclusion The dialogue between ovarian and mesenchymal stem cells induces the constitution of a pro-tumoral mesencrine niche. Understanding the dynamics of such interaction in a clinical setting might propose new therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Touboul
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hôpital Intercommunal de Créteil, Université Paris Est, UPEC-Paris XII, 12 avenue de Verdun, 94000, Créteil, France. .,UMR INSERM U965: Angiogenèse et Recherche translationnelle Hôpital Lariboisière, 49 bd de la chapelle, 75010, Paris, France.
| | - Fabien Vidal
- Stem Cell and Microenvironment Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar. .,Department Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Manhattan, NY, USA. .,Department of Genetic Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stem Cell and Microenvironment Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Qatar-Foundation PO: 24144, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Jennifer Pasquier
- Stem Cell and Microenvironment Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar. .,Department Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Manhattan, NY, USA.
| | - Raphael Lis
- Department Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Manhattan, NY, USA.
| | - Arash Rafii
- Stem Cell and Microenvironment Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar. .,Department Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Manhattan, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rafii A, Vidal F, Rathat G, Alix-Panabières C. [Circulating tumor cells: cornerstone of personalized medicine]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 43:640-8. [PMID: 25017712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgyn.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer treatment has evolved toward personalized medicine. It is mandatory for clinicians to ascertain tumor biological features in order to optimize patients' treatment. Identification and characterization of circulating tumor cells demonstrated a prognostic value in many solid tumors. Here, we describe the main technologies for identification and characterization of circulating tumor cells and their clinical application in gynecologic and breast cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Rafii
- Département de Genetic Medicine et Obstetrics and Gynecology, laboratoire cellules souches et microenvironnement, Weill Cornell Medical College, NY, États-Unis; Département de chirurgie gynécologique, hôpital Arnaud-de-Villeneuve, CHRU, université Montpellier 1, 34093 Montpellier, France.
| | - F Vidal
- Département de Genetic Medicine et Obstetrics and Gynecology, laboratoire cellules souches et microenvironnement, Weill Cornell Medical College, NY, États-Unis
| | - G Rathat
- Département de chirurgie gynécologique, hôpital Arnaud-de-Villeneuve, CHRU, université Montpellier 1, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - C Alix-Panabières
- Laboratoire cellules circulantes rares humaines, département de biopathologie cellulaire et tissulaire des tumeurs, institut de médecine régénératrice et biothérapie, hôpital Saint-Éloi, CHRU, université Montpellier 1, 80, avenue Augustin-Fliche, Montpellier, France; EA2415 épidémiologie, biostatistiques et santé publique, institut universitaire de recherche clinique, 641, avenue du Doyen-Gaston-Giraud, 34093 Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Rafii A, Touboul C, Al Thani H, Suhre K, Malek JA. Where cancer genomics should go next: a clinician's perspective. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:R69-75. [PMID: 24833724 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale, genomic studies of specific tumors such as The Cancer Genome Atlas have provided a better understanding of the alterations of pathways involved in the development of solid tumors including glioblastoma, breast cancer, ovarian and endometrial cancers, colon cancer and lung squamous cell carcinoma. This tremendous effort of the scientific community has confirmed the view that cancer actually represents a wide variety of diseases originating from different organs. These studies showed that TP53 and PI3KCA are the two most mutated genes in all types of cancers and that 30-70% of all solid tumors harbor potentially 'actionable' mutations that can be exploited for patient stratification or treatment optimization. Translation of this huge oncogenomic data set to clinical application in personalized medicine programs is now the main challenge for the future. The gap between our basic knowledge and clinical application is still wide. Closing the gap will require translational personalized trials, which may initiate a radical change in our routine clinical practice in oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Rafii
- Stem Cell and Microenvironment Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar, Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA, Faculté de Médecine de Montpellier, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France,
| | - C Touboul
- Stem Cell and Microenvironment Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar, Faculté de Médecine de Créteil UPEC-Paris XII. UMR INSERM U965 : Angiogenèse et Recherche Translationnelle, Hôpital Lariboisière, 49 bd de la Chapelle, 75010 Paris, France
| | - H Al Thani
- Stem Cell and Microenvironment Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - K Suhre
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College-Qatar, Doha, Qatar and Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - J A Malek
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lis R, Touboul C, Halabi NM, Madduri AS, Querleu D, Mezey J, Malek JA, Suhre K, Rafii A. Mesenchymal cell interaction with ovarian cancer cells induces a background dependent pro-metastatic transcriptomic profile. J Transl Med 2014; 12:59. [PMID: 24597747 PMCID: PMC4132214 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cross talk between the stroma and cancer cells plays a major role in phenotypic modulation. During peritoneal carcinomatosis ovarian cancer cells interact with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) resulting in increased metastatic ability. Understanding the transcriptomic changes underlying the phenotypic modulation will allow identification of key genes to target. However in the context of personalized medicine we must consider inter and intra tumoral heterogeneity. In this study we used a pathway-based approach to illustrate the role of cell line background in transcriptomic modification during a cross talk with MSC. METHODS We used two ovarian cancer cell lines as a surrogate for different ovarian cancer subtypes: OVCAR3 for an epithelial and SKOV3 for a mesenchymal subtype. We co-cultured them with MSCs. Genome wide gene expression was determined after cell sorting. Ingenuity pathway analysis was used to decipher the cell specific transcriptomic changes related to different pro-metastatic traits (Adherence, migration, invasion, proliferation and chemoresistance). RESULTS We demonstrate that co-culture of ovarian cancer cells in direct cellular contact with MSCs induces broad transcriptomic changes related to enhance metastatic ability. Genes related to cellular adhesion, invasion, migration, proliferation and chemoresistance were enriched under these experimental conditions. Network analysis of differentially expressed genes clearly shows a cell type specific pattern. CONCLUSION The contact with the mesenchymal niche increase metastatic initiation and expansion through cancer cells' transcriptome modification dependent of the cellular subtype. Personalized medicine strategy might benefit from network analysis revealing the subtype specific nodes to target to disrupt acquired pro-metastatic profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Arash Rafii
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stem cell and microenvironment laboratory, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar (WCMC-Q), Education City, Qatar Foundation, Qatar-Foundation PO: 24144, Doha, Qatar.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
|
33
|
Hoogstraat M, de Pagter MS, Cirkel GA, van Roosmalen MJ, Harkins TT, Duran K, Kreeftmeijer J, Renkens I, Witteveen PO, Lee CC, Nijman IJ, Guy T, van ’t Slot R, Jonges TN, Lolkema MP, Koudijs MJ, Zweemer RP, Voest EE, Cuppen E, Kloosterman WP. Genomic and transcriptomic plasticity in treatment-naive ovarian cancer. Genome Res 2014; 24:200-11. [PMID: 24221193 PMCID: PMC3912411 DOI: 10.1101/gr.161026.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Intra-tumor heterogeneity is a hallmark of many cancers and may lead to therapy resistance or interfere with personalized treatment strategies. Here, we combined topographic mapping of somatic breakpoints and transcriptional profiling to probe intra-tumor heterogeneity of treatment-naïve stage IIIC/IV epithelial ovarian cancer. We observed that most substantial differences in genomic rearrangement landscapes occurred between metastases in the omentum and peritoneum versus tumor sites in the ovaries. Several cancer genes such as NF1, CDKN2A, and FANCD2 were affected by lesion-specific breakpoints. Furthermore, the intra-tumor variability involved different mutational hallmarks including lesion-specific kataegis (local mutation shower coinciding with genomic breakpoints), rearrangement classes, and coding mutations. In one extreme case, we identified two independent TP53 mutations in ovary tumors and omentum/peritoneum metastases, respectively. Examination of gene expression dynamics revealed up-regulation of key cancer pathways including WNT, integrin, chemokine, and Hedgehog signaling in only subsets of tumor samples from the same patient. Finally, we took advantage of the multilevel tumor analysis to understand the effects of genomic breakpoints on qualitative and quantitative gene expression changes. We show that intra-tumor gene expression differences are caused by site-specific genomic alterations, including formation of in-frame fusion genes. These data highlight the plasticity of ovarian cancer genomes, which may contribute to their strong capacity to adapt to changing environmental conditions and give rise to the high rate of recurrent disease following standard treatment regimes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlous Hoogstraat
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Center for Personalized Cancer Treatment, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam S. de Pagter
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Geert A. Cirkel
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Center for Personalized Cancer Treatment, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Markus J. van Roosmalen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Karen Duran
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer Kreeftmeijer
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo Renkens
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Petronella O. Witteveen
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Isaac J. Nijman
- Netherlands Center for Personalized Cancer Treatment, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tanisha Guy
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben van ’t Slot
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Trudy N. Jonges
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn P. Lolkema
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Center for Personalized Cancer Treatment, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marco J. Koudijs
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Center for Personalized Cancer Treatment, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald P. Zweemer
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynaecology, Division Woman and Baby, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Emile E. Voest
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Center for Personalized Cancer Treatment, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Cuppen
- Netherlands Center for Personalized Cancer Treatment, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Hubrecht Institute, KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wigard P. Kloosterman
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gao D, Li S. Biological resonance for cancer metastasis, a new hypothesis based on comparisons between primary cancers and metastases. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT SOCIETY 2013; 6:213-30. [PMID: 24214411 PMCID: PMC3855372 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-013-0138-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many hypotheses have been proposed to try to explain cancer metastasis. However, they seem to be contradictory and have some limitations. Comparisons of primary tumors and matched metastases provide new insight into metastasis. The results show high concordances and minor differences at multiple scales from organic level to molecular level. The concordances reflect the commonality between primary cancer and metastasis, and also mean that metastatic cancer cells derived from primary cancer are quite conservative in distant sites. The differences reflect variation that cancer cells must acquire new traits to adapt to foreign milieu during the course of evolving into a new tumor in second organs. These comparisons also provided new information on understanding mechanism of vascular metastasis, organ-specific metastasis, and tumor dormancy. The collective results suggest a new hypothesis, biological resonance (bio-resonance) model. The hypothesis has two aspects. One is that primary cancer and matched metastasis have a common progenitor. The other is that both ancestors of primary cancer cells and metastatic cancer cells are under similar microenvironments and receive similar or same signals. When their interactions reach a status similar to primary cancer, metastasis will occur. Compared with previous hypotheses, the bio-resonance hypothesis seems to be more applicable for cancer metastasis to explain how, when and where metastasis occurs. Thus, it has important implications for individual prediction, prevention and treatment of cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Gao
- 536 Hospital of PLA, 29# Xiadu street, Xining, 810007, Qinghai Province, People's Republic of China,
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Xu C, Wang P, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Fan W, Upton MP, Lohavanichbutr P, Houck JR, Doody DR, Futran ND, Zhao LP, Schwartz SM, Chen C, Méndez E. Integrative genomics in combination with RNA interference identifies prognostic and functionally relevant gene targets for oral squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003169. [PMID: 23341773 PMCID: PMC3547824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), metastasis to lymph nodes is associated with a 50% reduction in 5-year survival. To identify a metastatic gene set based on DNA copy number abnormalities (CNAs) of differentially expressed genes, we compared DNA and RNA of OSCC cells laser-microdissected from non-metastatic primary tumors (n = 17) with those from lymph node metastases (n = 20), using Affymetrix 250K Nsp single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays and U133 Plus 2.0 arrays, respectively. With a false discovery rate (FDR)<5%, 1988 transcripts were found to be differentially expressed between primary and metastatic OSCC. Of these, 114 were found to have a significant correlation between DNA copy number and gene expression (FDR<0.01). Among these 114 correlated transcripts, the corresponding genomic regions of each of 95 transcripts had CNAs differences between primary and metastatic OSCC (FDR<0.01). Using an independent dataset of 133 patients, multivariable analysis showed that the OSCC–specific and overall mortality hazards ratio (HR) for patients carrying the 95-transcript signature were 4.75 (95% CI: 2.03–11.11) and 3.45 (95% CI: 1.84–6.50), respectively. To determine the degree by which these genes impact cell survival, we compared the growth of five OSCC cell lines before and after knockdown of over-amplified transcripts via a high-throughput siRNA–mediated screen. The expression-knockdown of 18 of the 26 genes tested showed a growth suppression ≥30% in at least one cell line (P<0.01). In particular, cell lines derived from late-stage OSCC were more sensitive to the knockdown of G3BP1 than cell lines derived from early-stage OSCC, and the growth suppression was likely caused by increase in apoptosis. Further investigation is warranted to examine the biological role of these genes in OSCC progression and their therapeutic potentials. Neck lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). To identify genes associated with this critical step of OSCC progression, we compared DNA copy number aberrations and gene expression differences between tumor cells found in metastatic lymph nodes versus those in non-metastatic primary tumors. We identified 95 transcripts (87 genes) with metastasis-specific genome abnormalities and gene expression. Tested in an independent cohort of 133 OSCC patients, the 95 gene signature was an independent risk factor of disease-specific and overall death, suggesting a disease progression phenotype. We knocked down the expression of over-amplified genes in five OSCC cell lines. Knockdown of 18 of the 26 tested genes suppressed the cell growth in at least one cell line. Interestingly, cell lines derived from late-stage OSCC were more sensitive to the knockdown of G3BP1 than cell lines derived from early-stage OSCC. The knockdown of G3BP1 increased programmed cell death in the p53-mutant but not wild-type OSCC cell lines. Taken together, we demonstrate that CNA–associated transcripts differentially expressed in carcinoma cells with an aggressive phenotype (i.e., metastatic to lymph nodes) can be biomarkers with both prognostic information and functional relevance. Moreover, results suggest that G3BP1 is a potential therapeutic target against late-stage p53-negative OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Pei Wang
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Yan Liu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Yuzheng Zhang
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Wenhong Fan
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Melissa P. Upton
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Pawadee Lohavanichbutr
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - John R. Houck
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - David R. Doody
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Neal D. Futran
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lue Ping Zhao
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Stephen M. Schwartz
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Chu Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Eduardo Méndez
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Surgery and Perioperative Care Service, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Integrative prediction of gene function and platinum-free survival from genomic and epigenetic features in ovarian cancer. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1049:35-51. [PMID: 23913207 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-547-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The identification of genetic and epigenetic alterations from primary tumor cells has become a common method to discover genes critical to the development, progression, and therapeutic resistance of cancer. We seek to identify those genetic and epigenetic aberrations that have the most impact on gene function within the tumor. First, we perform a bioinformatics analysis of copy number variation (CNV) and DNA methylation covering the genetic landscape of ovarian cancer tumor cells. We were specifically interested in copy number variation as our base genomic property in the prediction of tumor suppressors and oncogenes in the altered ovarian tumor. We identify changes in DNA methylation and expression specifically for all amplified and deleted genes. We statistically define tumor suppressor and oncogenic gene function from integrative analysis of three modalities: copy number variation, DNA methylation, and gene expression. Our method (1) calculates the extent of genomic and epigenetic alterations of defined tumor suppressor and oncogenic features for the functional prediction of significant ovarian cancer gene candidates and (2) identifies the functional activity or inactivity of known tumor suppressors and oncogenes in ovarian cancer. We applied our protocol on 42 primary serous ovarian cancer samples using MOMA-ROMA representational array assays. Additionally, we provide the basis for incorporating epigenetic profiles of ovarian tumors for the purposes of platinum-free survival prediction in the context of TCGA data.
Collapse
|
37
|
Role of the microenvironment in ovarian cancer stem cell maintenance. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2013:630782. [PMID: 23484135 PMCID: PMC3591167 DOI: 10.1155/2013/630782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent progresses in cancer therapy and increased knowledge in cancer biology, ovarian cancer remains a challenging condition. Among the latest concepts developed in cancer biology, cancer stem cells and the role of microenvironment in tumor progression seem to be related. Indeed, cancer stem cells have been described in several solid tumors including ovarian cancers. These particular cells have the ability to self-renew and reconstitute a heterogeneous tumor. They are characterized by specific surface markers and display resistance to therapeutic regimens. During development, specific molecular cues from the tumor microenvironment can play a role in maintaining and expanding stemness of cancer cells. The tumor stroma contains several compartments: cellular component, cytokine network, and extracellular matrix. These different compartments interact to form a permissive niche for the cancer stem cells. Understanding the molecular cues underlying this crosstalk will allow the design of new therapeutic regimens targeting the niche. In this paper, we will discuss the mechanisms implicated in the interaction between ovarian cancer stem cells and their microenvironment.
Collapse
|
38
|
Qidwai MT, Jamal F, Singh D, Sharma RK. Factors modifying transcriptional regulation of signaling genes have putative role in tumor development and progression in humans. Med Hypotheses 2012; 79:805-12. [PMID: 23026707 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Genes involved in signaling are highly regulated at the level of transcription. Several factors have been known to play role in transcriptional modification of genes. Among these DNA sequence variations present in the regulatory region and aberrant methylation of CpG Iceland in promoter region are the most important factors modifying transcriptional regulation of genes. DNA sequence variation interferes with assembling of regulatory protein TF (transcription factor) on the cis elements TFBS (transcription factor binding site). Presence of variations in regulatory region may alter the level of gene product via interaction of TF to TFBS (transcriptional modification). Promoter hypermethylation causes gene silencing and responsible for transcriptional dysregulation of gene. JAK-1, STAT-3, IL-6, MAPK and AR genes participate in signaling pathway and are tightly regulated. Overexpression of IL-6 and activated STAT3 may contribute to the development of prostate cancer and possibly other human cancers. Indeed, constitutively activated STAT3 have been found in a growing number of human tumors. In the present work, we have predicted 34 regulatory polymorphisms that lies in TFBS of 5 (JAK-1, STAT-3, IL-6, MAPK and AR) signaling genes and compare the methylation of CpG Iceland in promoter region of above motioned genes. On the basis of these predictions, it has been hypothesized that transcriptional modification of gene resulting from the DNA sequence variations in regulatory region or promoter hypermethylation increases the susceptibility to diseases such as cancer by alteration in the level of signaling genes product. Presence of DNA sequence variations may also influence the response to a particular drug.
Collapse
|
39
|
Rafii A, Halabi NM, Malek JA. High-prevalence and broad spectrum of Cell Adhesion and Extracellular Matrix gene pathway mutations in epithelial ovarian cancer. J Clin Bioinforma 2012; 2:15. [PMID: 23006666 PMCID: PMC3492115 DOI: 10.1186/2043-9113-2-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is the most deadly gynecological cancer because of late diagnosis, frequently with diffuse peritoneal metastases. Recent findings have shown that serous epithelial ovarian cancer has a narrow mutational spectrum with TP53 being the most frequently targeted when single genes are considered. It is, however, important to understand which pathways as a whole may be targeted for mutation. Findings Previously published mutational data provided by the cancer genome atlas networks findings on ovarian cancer was searched for statistically significant enrichment of genes in pathways. These pathways were then searched in all patients to identify the spectrum of mutations. Statistical significance was further shown through in-silico permutations of exome sequences using empirically observed mutation rates. We detected mutations in the cell adhesion pathway genes in more than 89% of serous epithelial ovarian cancer patients. This level of near universal mutational targeting of the cell adhesion pathway, including the extracellular matrix pathway, is previously unreported in epithelial ovarian cancer. Conclusions Taken together with previous studies on the role of cell adhesion and extracellular matrix gene expression in ovarian cancer and metastasis, our results identify pathways for which the mutational prevalence has previously been overlooked using single gene approaches. Analysis of mutations at the pathway level will be critical in studying heterogeneous diseases such as ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Rafii
- Stem cell and microenvironment laboratory, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education city, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, NY, NY, USA
| | - Najeeb M Halabi
- Stem cell and microenvironment laboratory, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education city, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Joel A Malek
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, NY, NY, USA.,Genomics Core, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education city, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Genomics Core Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Qatar-Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Stepanenko AA, Kavsan VM. Evolutionary karyotypic theory of cancer versus conventional cancer gene mutation theory. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.7124/bc.000059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Stepanenko
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
| | - V. M. Kavsan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Malek JA, Martinez A, Mery E, Ferron G, Huang R, Raynaud C, Jouve E, Thiery JP, Querleu D, Rafii A. Gene expression analysis of matched ovarian primary tumors and peritoneal metastasis. J Transl Med 2012; 10:121. [PMID: 22687175 PMCID: PMC3477065 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is the most deadly gynecological cancer due to late diagnosis at advanced stage with major peritoneal involvement. To date most research has focused on primary tumor. However the prognosis is directly related to residual disease at the end of the treatment. Therefore it is mandatory to focus and study the biology of meatastatic disease that is most frequently localized to the peritoneal caivty in ovarian cancer. Methods We used high-density gene expression arrays to investigate gene expression changes between matched primary and metastatic (peritoneal) lesions. Results Here we show that gene expression profiles in peritoneal metastasis are significantly different than their matched primary tumor and these changes are affected by underlying copy number variation differences among other causes. We show that differentially expressed genes are enriched in specific pathways including JAK/STAT pathway, cytokine signaling and other immune related pathways. We show that underlying copy number variations significantly affect gene expression. Indeed patients with important differences in copy number variation displayed greater gene expression differences between their primary and matched metastatic lesions. Conclusions Our analysis shows a very specific targeting at both the genomic and transcriptomic level to upregulate certain pathways in the peritoneal metastasis of ovarian cancer. Moreover, while primary tumors use certain pathways we identify distinct differences with metastatic lesions. The variation between primary and metastatic lesions should be considered in personalized treatment of ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel A Malek
- Genomics Core, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education city, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar PO 241 44
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|