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Khairullah AR, Sudjarwo SA, Effendi MH, Ramandinianto SC, Gelolodo MA, Widodo A, Riwu KHP, Kurniawati DA. Review of pork and pork products as a source for transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONE HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2022.167-177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an opportunistic bacterium that can cause infection in animals and humans. Recently, MRSA from food-producing or farm animals has been identified as livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA). The spread of LA-MRSA is particularly found in pork and pork products because LA-MRSA has been widely known to infect pigs. The most common type of LA-MRSA identified in pork and pork products is the clonal complex LA-MRSA 398 (LA-MRSA CC398). The MRSA strains on the surface of pork carcasses can be spread during the handling and processing of pork and pork products through human hands, cutting tools, and any surface that comes into direct contact with pork. Food infection is the main risk of MRSA in pork and pork products consumed by humans. Antibiotics to treat food infection cases due to MRSA infection include vancomycin and tigecycline. The spread of MRSA in pork and pork products is preventable by appropriately cooking and cooling the pork and pork products at temperatures above 60°C and below 5°C, respectively. It is also necessary to take other preventive measures, such as having a clean meat processing area and disinfecting the equipment used for processing pork and pork products. This review aimed to explain epidemiology, transmission, risk factors, diagnosis, public health consequences, treatment of food poisoning, and preventing the spread of MRSA in pork and pork products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Rafif Khairullah
- Doctoral Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Sri Agus Sudjarwo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Mustofa Helmi Effendi
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Sancaka Cashyer Ramandinianto
- Master Program in Veterinary Disease and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Maria Aega Gelolodo
- Department of Animal Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Nusa Cendana, Kupang, Indonesia
| | - Agus Widodo
- Doctoral Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - Dyah Ayu Kurniawati
- Master Program in Veterinary Disease and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Komodromos D, Kotzamanidis C, Giantzi V, Pappa S, Papa A, Zdragas A, Angelidis A, Sergelidis D. Prevalence, Infectious Characteristics and Genetic Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Two Raw-Meat Processing Establishments in Northern Greece. Pathogens 2022; 11:1370. [PMID: 36422621 PMCID: PMC9697755 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the isolation frequency, the genetic diversity, and the infectious characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) from the incoming meat and the meat products, the environment, and the workers' nasal cavities, in two meat-processing establishments in northern Greece. The isolated S. aureus strains were examined for their resistance to antimicrobials, carriage of the mecA and mecC genes, carriage of genes encoding for the production of nine staphylococcal enterotoxins, carriage of the Panton-Valentine Leukocidin and Toxic Shock Syndrome genes, and the ability to form biofilm. The genetic diversity of the isolates was evaluated using Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) and spa typing. S. aureus was isolated from 13.8% of the 160 samples examined, while only one sample (0.6%) was contaminated by MRSA carrying the mecA gene. The evaluation of the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates revealed low antimicrobial resistance. The higher resistance frequencies were observed for penicillin (68.2%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (36.4%) and tetracycline (18.2%), while 31.8% of the isolates were sensitive to all antimicrobials examined. Multidrug resistance was observed in two isolates. None of the isolates carried the mecC or lukF-PV genes, and two isolates (9.1%) harbored the tst gene. Eight isolates (36.4%) carried the seb gene, one carried the sed gene, two (9.1%) carried both the sed and sei genes, and one isolate (4.5%) carried the seb, sed and sei genes. Twenty-one (95.5%) of the isolates showed moderate biofilm production ability, while only one (4.5%) was characterized as a strong biofilm producer. Genotyping of the isolates by PFGE indicates that S. aureus from different meat-processing establishments represent separate genetic populations. Ten different spa types were identified, while no common spa type isolates were detected within the two plants. Overall, our findings emphasize the need for the strict application of good hygienic practices at the plant level to control the spread of S. aureus and MRSA to the community through the end products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Komodromos
- Laboratory of Food Hygiene-Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Charalampos Kotzamanidis
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DIMITRA, Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thermi, Greece
| | - Virginia Giantzi
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DIMITRA, Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thermi, Greece
| | - Styliani Pappa
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anna Papa
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonios Zdragas
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DIMITRA, Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thermi, Greece
| | - Apostolos Angelidis
- Laboratory of Safety and Quality of Milk and Dairy Products, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Daniel Sergelidis
- Laboratory of Food Hygiene-Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Yang J, Brown C, Noland W, Johnson TJ, Ji Y. Identification and Validation of a Novel Antibacterial Compound MZ-01 against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1550. [PMID: 36358205 PMCID: PMC9686779 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of new classes of antibiotics is slow, and it is being greatly outpaced by the development of bacterial resistance. This disparity places us in an increasingly vulnerable position because we are running out of safe and effective therapeutic options to treat antibiotic-resistant infections. This is exemplified by the emergence and persistence of hospital-acquired and community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), which has markedly narrowed our options for treating life-threatening staph infections. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel, potent, preventive, and therapeutic agents. In our current study, we performed a whole-cell screening assay of synthetic libraries for antibacterial activity and identified a novel molecule, MZ-01. MZ-01 exhibited potent bactericidal activity against Gram-positive bacterial pathogens, including MRSA, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, at low concentrations. MZ-01 killed and lysed both the late exponential phase of an S. aureus population and bacteria inside mammalian cells. Furthermore, MZ-01 exhibited low cytotoxicity. These results indicate that MZ-01 is a promising scaffold to guide the development of novel, potent antibacterial agents against multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacterial pathogens such as MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junshu Yang
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Christopher Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Wayland Noland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Timothy J. Johnson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Yinduo Ji
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Guo Q, Ren CW, Cai JH, Zhang CY, Li YT, Xu B, Farooq MA. The synergistic inhibition and mechanism of epicatechin gallate and Chitosan against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and the application in pork preservation. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Beier RC, Andrews K, Hume ME, Sohail MU, Harvey RB, Poole TL, Crippen TL, Anderson RC. Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Studies of Staphylococcus aureus Strains and ST398-MRSA and ST5-MRSA Strains from Swine Mandibular Lymph Node Tissue, Commercial Pork Sausage Meat and Swine Feces. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112401. [PMID: 34835526 PMCID: PMC8621428 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) causes gastrointestinal illness worldwide. Disinfectants are used throughout the food chain for pathogenic bacteria control. We investigated S. aureus bioavailability in swine Mandibular lymph node tissue (MLT) and pork sausage meat (PSM), established susceptibility values for S. aureus to disinfectants, and determined the multilocus sequence type of MRSA strains. Antimicrobial and disinfectant susceptibility profiles were determined for 164 S. aureus strains isolated from swine feces (n = 63), MLT (n = 49) and PSM (n = 52). No antimicrobial resistance (AMR) was detected to daptomycin, nitrofurantoin, linezolid, and tigecycline, while high AMR prevalence was determined to erythromycin (50.6%), tylosin tartrate (42.7%), penicillin (72%), and tetracycline (68.9%). Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains, ST398 (n = 6) and ST5 (n = 1), were found in the MLT and PSM, 4 MRSA in MLT and 3 MRSA strains in the PSM. About 17.5% of feces strains and 41.6% of MLT and PSM strains were resistant to chlorhexidine. All strains were susceptible to triclosan and benzalkonium chloride, with no cross-resistance between antimicrobials and disinfectants. Six MRSA strains had elevated susceptibilities to 18 disinfectants. The use of formaldehyde and tris(hydroxylmethyl)nitromethane in DC&R was not effective, which can add chemicals to the environment. Didecyldimethylammonium chloride and benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium chloride were equally effective disinfectants. ST398 and ST5 MRSA strains had elevated susceptibilities to 75% of the disinfectants tested. This study establishes susceptibility values for S. aureus strains from swine feces, mandibular lymph node tissue, and commercial pork sausage against 24 disinfectants. Since it was demonstrated that S. aureus and MRSA strains can be found deep within swine lymph node tissue, it may be beneficial for the consumer if raw swine lymph node tissue is not used in uncooked food products and pork sausage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross C. Beier
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (K.A.); (M.E.H.); (R.B.H.); (T.L.P.); (T.L.C.); (R.C.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kathleen Andrews
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (K.A.); (M.E.H.); (R.B.H.); (T.L.P.); (T.L.C.); (R.C.A.)
| | - Michael E. Hume
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (K.A.); (M.E.H.); (R.B.H.); (T.L.P.); (T.L.C.); (R.C.A.)
| | - Muhammad Umar Sohail
- Proteomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine, Qatar Foundation—Education City, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar;
| | - Roger B. Harvey
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (K.A.); (M.E.H.); (R.B.H.); (T.L.P.); (T.L.C.); (R.C.A.)
| | - Toni L. Poole
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (K.A.); (M.E.H.); (R.B.H.); (T.L.P.); (T.L.C.); (R.C.A.)
| | - Tawni L. Crippen
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (K.A.); (M.E.H.); (R.B.H.); (T.L.P.); (T.L.C.); (R.C.A.)
| | - Robin C. Anderson
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (K.A.); (M.E.H.); (R.B.H.); (T.L.P.); (T.L.C.); (R.C.A.)
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Ballash GA, Albers AL, Mollenkopf DF, Sechrist E, Adams RJ, Wittum TE. Antimicrobial resistant bacteria recovered from retail ground meat products in the US include a Raoultella ornithinolytica co-harboring bla KPC-2 and bla NDM-5. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14041. [PMID: 34234222 PMCID: PMC8263791 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93362-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Retail beef and pork, including processed products, can serve as vehicles for the zoonotic foodborne transmission of pathogens and antimicrobial resistant bacteria. However, processed and seasoned products like sausages, are not often included in research and surveillance programs. The objective of this study was to investigate retail ground beef and pork, including processed products, for the presence of common foodborne pathogens and antimicrobial resistant bacteria. We purchased 763 packages of fresh and fully cooked retail meat products during 29 visits to 17 grocery stores representing seven major grocery chains located in west and central Ohio. Each package of meat was evaluated for contamination with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Salmonella spp., Enterobacteriaceae expressing extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance, and carbapenemase-producing organisms (CPO). Only 3 of the 144 (2.1%) packages of fully cooked meat products contained any of these organisms, 1 with an extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing (ESBL) Enterobacteriaceae and 2 with CPO. Among the 619 fresh meat products, we found that 85 (13.7%) packages were contaminated with MRSA, 19 (3.1%) with Salmonella, 136 (22.0%) with Enterobacteriaceae expressing an AmpC (blaCMY) resistance genotype, 25 (4.0%) with Enterobacteriaceae expressing an ESBL (blaCTX-M) resistance genotype, and 31 (5.0%) with CPO, primarily environmental organisms expressing intrinsic carbapenem resistance. However, one CPO, a Raoultella ornithinolytica, isolated from pork sausage co-harbored both blaKPC-2 and blaNDM-5 on IncN and IncX3 plasmids, respectively. Our findings suggest that fresh retail meat, including processed products can be important vehicles for the transmission of foodborne pathogens and antimicrobial resistant bacteria, including those with epidemic carbapenemase-producing genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Ballash
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amy L Albers
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dixie F Mollenkopf
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Emily Sechrist
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rachael J Adams
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Thomas E Wittum
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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7
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Nobrega DB, Tang KL, Caffrey NP, De Buck J, Cork SC, Ronksley PE, Polachek AJ, Ganshorn H, Sharma N, Kastelic JP, Kellner JD, Ghali WA, Barkema HW. Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes and its association with restricted antimicrobial use in food-producing animals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 76:561-575. [PMID: 33146719 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is ongoing debate regarding potential associations between restrictions of antimicrobial use and prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria. OBJECTIVES To summarize the effects of interventions reducing antimicrobial use in food-producing animals on the prevalence of AMR genes (ARGs) in bacteria from animals and humans. METHODS We published a full systematic review of restrictions of antimicrobials in food-producing animals and their associations with AMR in bacteria. Herein, we focus on studies reporting on the association between restricted antimicrobial use and prevalence of ARGs. We used multilevel mixed-effects models and a semi-quantitative approach based on forest plots to summarize findings from studies. RESULTS A positive effect of intervention [reduction in prevalence or number of ARGs in group(s) with restricted antimicrobial use] was reported from 29 studies for at least one ARG. We detected significant associations between a ban on avoparcin and diminished presence of the vanA gene in samples from animals and humans, whereas for the mecA gene, studies agreed on a positive effect of intervention in samples only from animals. Comparisons involving mcr-1, blaCTX-M, aadA2, vat(E), sul2, dfrA5, dfrA13, tet(E) and tet(P) indicated a reduced prevalence of genes in intervention groups. Conversely, no effects were detected for β-lactamases other than blaCTX-M and the remaining tet genes. CONCLUSIONS The available body of scientific evidence supported that restricted use of antimicrobials in food animals was associated with an either lower or equal presence of ARGs in bacteria, with effects dependent on ARG, host species and restricted drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego B Nobrega
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.,Mastitis Network, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Karen L Tang
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Niamh P Caffrey
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jeroen De Buck
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Susan C Cork
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Paul E Ronksley
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Alicia J Polachek
- W21C Research and Innovation Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Heather Ganshorn
- Libraries and Cultural Resources, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nishan Sharma
- W21C Research and Innovation Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - John P Kastelic
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - James D Kellner
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - William A Ghali
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Herman W Barkema
- Mastitis Network, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Zhang Y, Schmidt JW, Arthur TM, Wheeler TL, Wang B. A Comparative Quantitative Assessment of Human Exposure to Various Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria among U.S. Ground Beef Consumers. J Food Prot 2021; 84:736-759. [PMID: 33270822 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Consumption of animal-derived meat products is suspected as an important exposure route to antimicrobial resistance, as the presence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) along the beef supply chain is well documented. A retail-to-fork quantitative exposure assessment was established to compare consumers' exposure to various ARB due to the consumption of ground beef with and without "raised without antibiotics" claims and to inform potential exposure mitigation strategies related to consumer practices. The microbial agents evaluated included Escherichia coli, tetracycline-resistant (TETr) E. coli, third-generation cephalosporin-resistant E. coli,Salmonella enterica, TETrS. enterica, third-generation cephalosporin-resistant S. enterica, nalidixic acid-resistant S. enterica, Enterococcus spp., TETrEnterococcus spp., erythromycin-resistant Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus. The final model outputs were the probability of exposure to at least 0 to 6 log CFU microorganisms per serving of ground beef at the time of consumption. It was estimated that tetracycline resistance was more prevalent in ground beef compared with other types of resistance, among which the predicted average probability of ingesting TETrEnterococcus was highest (6.2% of ingesting at least 0 log CFU per serving), followed by TETrE. coli (3.1%) and TETrSalmonella (0.0001%), given common product purchase preferences and preparation behaviors among beef consumers in the United States. The effectiveness of consumer-related interventions was estimated by simulating the differences in exposure as a result of changes in consumer practices in purchasing, handling, and preparing ground beef. The results indicated that proper use of recommended safe cooking and food preparation practices mitigates ARB exposure more effectively than choosing raised without antibiotics compared with conventional beef. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjunna Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - John W Schmidt
- Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA
| | - Terrance M Arthur
- Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA
| | - Tommy L Wheeler
- Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588.,(ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0174-2252 [B.W.])
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9
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The European Union Summary Report on Antimicrobial Resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2018/2019. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06490. [PMID: 33868492 PMCID: PMC8040295 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Data on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food are collected annually by the EU Member States (MSs), jointly analysed by the EFSA and the ECDC and reported in a yearly EU Summary Report. The annual monitoring of AMR in animals and food within the EU is targeted at selected animal species corresponding to the reporting year. The 2018 monitoring specifically focussed on poultry and their derived carcases/meat, while the monitoring performed in 2019 specifically focused on pigs and calves under 1 year of age, as well as their derived carcases/meat. Monitoring and reporting of AMR in 2018/2019 included data regarding Salmonella, Campylobacter and indicator Escherichia coli isolates, as well as data obtained from the specific monitoring of presumptive ESBL-/AmpC-/carbapenemase-producing E. coli isolates. Additionally, some MSs reported voluntary data on the occurrence of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in animals and food, with some countries also providing data on antimicrobial susceptibility. This report provides an overview of the main findings of the 2018/2019 harmonised AMR monitoring in the main food-producing animal populations monitored, in related carcase/meat samples and in humans. Where available, data monitoring obtained from pigs, calves, broilers, laying hens and turkeys, as well as from carcase/meat samples and humans were combined and compared at the EU level, with particular emphasis on multidrug resistance, complete susceptibility and combined resistance patterns to critically important antimicrobials, as well as Salmonella and E. coli isolates possessing ESBL-/AmpC-/carbapenemase phenotypes. The outcome indicators for AMR in food-producing animals such as complete susceptibility to the harmonised panel of antimicrobials in E. coli and the prevalence of ESBL-/AmpC-producing E. coli have been also specifically analysed over the period 2015-2019.
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10
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Shu Q, Lou H, Wei T, Zhang X, Chen Q. Synergistic antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of ultrasound and MEL-A against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 72:105452. [PMID: 33388695 PMCID: PMC7803934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is drug-resistant and biofilm-forming pathogenic bacteria with severe morbidity and mortality, and has been continuously detected in food products in recent years. Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) are novel biosurfactants and perform antibacterial property against gram-positive bacteria. Ultrasound has been applied into food sterilization as non-thermal techniques and has advantage of maintaining food nutrition and flavor over heat pasteurization. In this work, the synergistic treatment of ultrasound and MEL-A was used to combat planktonic cells and biofilm of MRSA. As a result, the combined treatment has exhibited remarkable antibacterial effect proved by enumeration of viable microbes. Furthermore, flow cytometry, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed ultrasound has enhanced the inhibitory effect of MEL-A through exacerbating cell membrane damage. On the other hand, the collaborating working modes to eradicate MRSA biofilm were disturbing cell adhesion to surface by MEL-A and destructing mature biofilm mechanically by ultrasound, reaching to over 90% of clearance rate. The findings of this study illustrated the synergistic antimicrobial mechanism of ultrasound and MEL-A treatments, and offered theoretical basis for their potential applications in food preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Shu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Hanghang Lou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Tianyu Wei
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xinglin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Qihe Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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11
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Alsharif SM, El-Sayed WS, Hanafy AM. Geographic distribution and prevalence of potential asymptomatic Staphylococcus spp. in the nasopharyngeal cavity of elementary school boys at Al-Madinah, KSA. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2021.1892991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sultan M. Alsharif
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael S. El-Sayed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Hanafy
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Lee GY, Yang SJ. Profiles of coagulase-positive and -negative staphylococci in retail pork: prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, enterotoxigenicity, and virulence factors. Anim Biosci 2021; 34:734-742. [PMID: 33705626 PMCID: PMC7961290 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.20.0660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study aimed to investigate the occurrence and species of coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) in retail pork meat samples collected during nationwide monitoring. The staphylococcal isolates were characterized for antimicrobial and zinc chloride resistance and enterotoxigenic potential. Methods A total of 260 pre-packaged pork meat samples were collected from 35 retail markets in 8 provinces in Korea for isolation of staphylococci. Antimicrobial and zinc chloride resistance phenotypes, and genes associated with the resistance phenotypes were determined on the isolates. Furthermore, the presence and distribution of 19 staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) genes and enterotoxin-like genes among the pork-associated staphylococci were determined by multiplex polymerase chain reaction-based assays using the specific primer sets. Results A total of 29 staphylococcal strains (29/260, 11.1%) were isolated from samples of retail pork meat, 24 (83%) of which were CoNS. The four CoNS species identified were S. saprophyticus (n = 16, 55%), S. sciuri (n = 3, 10%), S. warneri (n = 3, 10%), and S. epidermidis (n = 2, 7%). Among the 29 isolates, four methicillin-resistant CoNS (MR-CoNS; three S. sciuri and one S. epidermidis) and one methicillin-resistant CoPS (MR-CoPS; one S. aureus) were identified. In addition, a relatively high level of tetracycline (TET) resistance (52%) was confirmed in CoNS, along with a predominant distribution of tet(K). The most prevalent SEs were sep (45%), and sen (28%), which were carried by 81% of S. saprophyticus. Conclusion These findings suggest that CoNS, especially S. saprophyticus strains, in raw pork meat could be a potential risk factor for staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP), and therefore, requires further investigation to elucidate the role of SEls in SFP and virulence of the pathogen. Our results also suggest that CoNS from raw pork meat may act as a source for transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes such as staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec and tet(K).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Yong Lee
- School of Bioresources and Bioscience, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Yang
- School of Bioresources and Bioscience, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
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Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci and Macrococci at the Interface of Human and Animal Health. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13010061. [PMID: 33466773 PMCID: PMC7831011 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The global impact of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clonal lineages on human and animal health continues, even considering the decreasing MRSA rates in some parts of the world [...].
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Abstract
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the occurrence of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) in batches of pigs at slaughter and at different stages along the slaughter line. Nasal and ear skin swabs were collected from 105 batches of 10 pigs at six abattoirs. Cultures (pooled or individual) were performed for MRSA using selective media; presumptive MRSA were confirmed by mecA and nuc gene detection and a selection was spa-typed. MRSA was detected in 46 batches. All spa-types detected were those associated with LA-MRSA clonal complex 398. The proportion of positive batches varied among abattoirs (0–100%). Two abattoirs were subsequently further investigated, with samples taken at post-stunning, chiller and either at lairage or post-singe. Results suggested cross-contamination occurred between the lairage and point of post-stunning, but the slaughter processes appeared effective at reducing contamination before carcases entered the chiller. One abattoir provided only negative samples in the initial study and in the subsequent study along the slaughter line (26 batches in total), suggesting differences possibly in the MRSA status of pigs on arrival from supply farms or in its abattoir practices affecting the MRSA status of pigs at the sampling points. This study highlights that in the investigated abattoirs, MRSA was detected in 43.8% of batches of pigs at slaughter using sensitive selective culture methods.
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Sadiq A, Samad M, Saddam, Basharat N, Ali S, Roohullah, Saad Z, Khan AN, Ahmad Y, Khan A, Khan J. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Slaughter Houses and Meat Shops in Capital Territory of Pakistan During 2018–2019. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:577707. [PMID: 33117321 PMCID: PMC7550752 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.577707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) is a major concern in many parts of the world, including Pakistan. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of MRSA in slaughterhouses and meat shops in Rawalpindi-Islamabad, Pakistan, 2018–2019. A total of 300 samples were collected: 40 from each of working area, tools (knives, hooks), butcher hands and beef, 30 from each of chicken and mutton, 20 from each of nasal and rectal swabs. S. aureus was phenotypically identified by performing gram staining and biochemical tests. 150 of the 300 samples were confirmed to be S. aureus by phenotypic identification. MRSA was identified among S. aureus positive isolates by performing disk diffusion test and by detecting S. aureus-specific genes such as 16s rRNA, nuc, mecA, spa, and coa. Out of 150 isolates 96 (63%) showed resistance to antibiotic cefoxitin, known as a potential marker for detecting MRSA. While all 150 isolates have shown complete resistance to the four antibiotics neomycin, methicillin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. The nuc and 16s rRNA genes were detected in all 150 S. aureus-positive isolates and 118 (79%) were confirmed to be MRSA through the detection of the mecA gene. MRSA prevalence was highest in chicken (23/30, 77%) followed by beef (25/40, 63%), mutton (15/30, 50%), knives (18/40, 45%), nasal swabs (7/20, 35%), working area (11/40, 28%), rectal swabs (5/20, 25%), hooks (7/40, 18%), and butcher hands (7/40, 18%). 50 MRSA-positive isolates were chosen to identify two virulence factors (spa and coa gene). Of the 50 MRSA isolates subject to coa and spa gene typing, 27 (54%) were positive for the coa gene and 18 (36%) were positive for the spa gene, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first study on the molecular identification of MRSA in meat samples from Pakistan. High prevalence of MRSA in meat samples demand for implementation of proper hygienic practices and procedures during the slaughtering, transport and marketing of meat and meat products in order to prevent the spread of these bacteria to the human population.
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16
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Spinelli E, Requena T, Caruso M, Parisi A, Capozzi L, Difato L, Normanno G. Fate of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) under simulated acidic conditions of the human stomach. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:4739-4745. [PMID: 32994935 PMCID: PMC7500784 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A known amount (107 cfu/ml) of animal origin Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ST398/t011/V and of human origin MRSA ST1/t127/IVa strains were individually inoculated into ricotta cheese and hamburger samples. The pH of each food matrix was gradually decreased from 6.0 down to 2.0 during a period of about 2 hr, under conditions simulating the mechanical digestion of the human stomach. Afterward, the MRSA strains were recovered by using a MRSA-specific plating medium. Although both strains showed a certain acidic resistance, they showed different responses at low pH values during the experiment: ST398 survived unharmed during the course of the experiments to the last stage at pH 2 where counts of 6.4 cfu/g for the hamburger and 7.5 log cfu/g for ricotta cheese assays were obtained. In contrast, the ST1 population was no longer detectable at pH 3 in the hamburger and at pH 2 in the ricotta cheese assays. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that investigates the ability of MRSA to overcome the acidic conditions of the human stomach and that adds new evidence that might contribute to expand the scientific knowledge on the significance of MRSA in the food safety debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Spinelli
- Department of Science of Agriculture, Food and the Environment (SAFE) University of Foggia Foggia Italy
| | - Teresa Requena
- Research Institute of Food Science CIAL (CSIC-UAM) Madrid Spain
| | - Marta Caruso
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Apulia and Basilicata Matera Italy
| | - Antonio Parisi
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Apulia and Basilicata Putignano Italy
| | - Loredana Capozzi
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Apulia and Basilicata Putignano Italy
| | - Laura Difato
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Apulia and Basilicata Matera Italy
| | - Giovanni Normanno
- Department of Science of Agriculture, Food and the Environment (SAFE) University of Foggia Foggia Italy
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George AN, Stewart JR, Evans JC, Gibson JM. Risk of Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Dispersion from Hog Farms: A Critical Review. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2020; 40:1645-1665. [PMID: 32406956 DOI: 10.1111/risa.13495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization has declared antibiotic resistance "one of the biggest threats to global health." Mounting evidence suggests that antibiotic use in industrial-scale hog farming is contributing to the spread of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. To capture available evidence on these risks, we searched peer-reviewed studies published before June 2017 and conducted a meta-analysis of these studies' estimates of the prevalence of swine-associated, antibiotic-resistant S. aureus in animals, humans, and the environment. The 166 relevant studies revealed consistent evidence of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in hog herds (55.3%) raised with antibiotics. MRSA prevalence was also substantial in slaughterhouse pigs (30.4%), industrial hog operation workers (24.4%), and veterinarians (16.8%). The prevalence of swine-associated, multidrug-resistant S. aureus (MDRSA)-with resistance to three or more antibiotics-is not as well documented. Nonetheless, sufficient studies were available to estimate MDRSA pooled prevalence in conventional hog operation workers (15.0%), workers' household members (13.0%), and community members (5.37%). Evidence also suggests that antibiotic-resistant S. aureus can be present in air, soil, water, and household surface samples gathered in or near high-intensity hog operations. An important caveat is that prevalence estimates for humans reflect colonization, not active infection, and the health risks of colonization remain poorly understood. In addition, these pooled results may not represent risks in specific locations, due to wide geographic variation. Nonetheless, these results underscore the need for additional preventive action to stem the spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens from livestock operations and a streamlined reporting system to track this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra N George
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jill R Stewart
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jessica C Evans
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Jacqueline MacDonald Gibson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Okorie-Kanu OJ, Anyanwu MU, Ezenduka EV, Mgbeahuruike AC, Thapaliya D, Gerbig G, Ugwuijem EE, Okorie-Kanu CO, Agbowo P, Olorunleke S, Nwanta JA, Chah KF, Smith TC. Molecular epidemiology, genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from chicken and pig carcasses, and carcass handlers. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232913. [PMID: 32407414 PMCID: PMC7224487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus in food animals, associated products, and their zoonotic potential in Nigeria are poorly understood. This study aimed to provide data on the prevalence, genetic characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of S. aureus isolated from chicken and pig carcasses, and persons in contact with the carcasses at slaughterhouses in Nigeria. Surface swabs were collected randomly from 600 chicken and 600 pig carcasses. Nasal swabs were collected from 45 workers in chicken slaughterhouses and 45 pig slaughterhouse workers. S. aureus isolates were analyzed by spa typing. They were also examined for presence of the Panton-Valentine Leucocidin (PVL) and mecA genes, as well as for antimicrobial resistance phenotype. Overall, 53 S. aureus isolates were recovered (28 from chicken carcasses, 17 from pig carcasses, 5 from chicken carcass handlers and 3 from pig carcass handlers). Among the isolates, 19 (35.8%) were PVL-positive and 12 (22.6%) carried the mecA gene. The 53 isolates belonged to 19 spa types. The Based Upon Repeat Pattern (BURP) algorithm separated the isolates into 2 spa-clonal complexes (spa-CC) and 9 singletons including 2 novel spa types (t18345 and t18346). The clonal complexes (CC) detected were CC1, CC5, CC8, CC15, CC88 and CC152. CC15-related isolates represented by spa type t084 (32.1%) and CC5 represented by spa type t311 (35.3%) predominated among isolates from chicken carcasses/ handlers, and pig carcasses/ handlers, respectively. Multidrug resistance exhibited by all the CC except CC8, was observed among isolates from chicken carcasses (64.3%), pig carcasses (41.2%), handlers of chicken meat (40.0%) and handlers of pork (33.3%). All the CC showed varying degrees of resistance to tetracycline while CC15 and CC5 exhibited the highest resistance to sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim and erythromycin, respectively. The predominant antimicrobial resistance pattern observed was penicillin-tetracycline-sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (PEN-TET-SXT). In conclusion, food animals processed in Enugu State in Southeast Nigeria are potential vehicles for transmission of PVL-positive multiple-drug resistant S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus from farm to slaughterhouse and potentially to the human population. Public health intervention programs at pre- and post-slaughter stages should be considered in Nigerian slaughterhouses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onyinye J. Okorie-Kanu
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
- * E-mail:
| | - Madubuike U. Anyanwu
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Ekene V. Ezenduka
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Anthony C. Mgbeahuruike
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Dipendra Thapaliya
- Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Gracen Gerbig
- Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ejike E. Ugwuijem
- Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Christian O. Okorie-Kanu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - Philip Agbowo
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Olorunleke
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - John A. Nwanta
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Kennedy F. Chah
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Tara C. Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
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Occurrence and characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in buffalo bulk tank milk and the farm workers in Italy. Food Microbiol 2020; 91:103509. [PMID: 32539967 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the occurrence of MRSA in buffalo dairy farms and in buffalo tank milk from Italy, and to provide information about the antimicrobial resistance profile and molecular characteristics of the isolates. We collected 75 bulk tank milk (BTM) samples from 75 farms and 24 nasal swabs from 24 farm operators. Three (4%) of the 75 BTM samples and 1 (4%) of the 24 human nasal swabs tested positive for MRSA. The milk isolates belonged to the genotypes ST1/t127/Va and ST72/t3092/V, while the human isolate was characterized as ST1/t127/IVa. All isolates were multidrug resistant but vancomycin susceptible; they carried the icaA gene but tested negative for the pvl and ses genes. ST72 is a CA-MRSA commonly found in South Korea, and this is the first report of its detection in Europe. Although we found a low prevalence of MRSA in the farms we surveyed, this study clearly demonstrates, for the first time in Europe, that MRSA can be found in dairy buffalo farms and in raw buffalo milk. Therefore, the risk of human colonization/infection with MRSA linked to the handling of raw milk or consumption of contaminated dairy products should not be ruled out.
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20
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da Silva AC, Rodrigues MX, Silva NCC. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in food and the prevalence in Brazil: a review. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:347-356. [PMID: 31667799 PMCID: PMC7058716 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00168-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Foodborne diseases (FBD) occur worldwide and affect a large part of the population, being a cause of international concern among health authorities. Staphylococcus aureus can be transmitted by contaminated food, and it is one of the pathogens that most cause foodborne outbreaks in Brazil. Currently, this organism's ability in developing resistance to antibiotics is notorious; methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-MRSA-is known for its resistance to methicillin, oxacillin, and others. MRSA is one of the leading causes of infections, becoming a major threat to human health worldwide due to the numerous toxins that can produce. At first, the transmission of MRSA occurred in clinical environments; but in recent decades, its presence has been reported in the community, outside the hospital environment, including food and food-producing animals around the world. In this review, information about MRSA was gathered to verify MRSA incidence in the world but especially in Brazil in food samples, food handlers, food-producing animals, and food processing environments. The studies show that MRSA is easily found and in certain cases with high frequency, thus representing a potential risk to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Clayton da Silva
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering (FEA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marjory Xavier Rodrigues
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary, Medicine Cornell University, Campus Road, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Nathália Cristina Cirone Silva
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering (FEA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Neyaz L, Rajagopal N, Wells H, Fakhr MK. Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Plasmids Associated With Strains Isolated From Various Retail Meats. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:223. [PMID: 32140145 PMCID: PMC7042431 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is considered one of the most important foodborne bacterial pathogens causing food poisoning and related illnesses. S. aureus strains harbor plasmids encoding genes for virulence and antimicrobial resistance, but few studies have investigated S. aureus plasmids, especially megaplasmids, in isolates from retail meats. Furthermore, knowledge about the distribution of genes encoding replication (rep) initiation proteins in food isolates is lacking. In this study, the prevalence of plasmids in S. aureus strains isolated from retail meats purchased in Oklahoma was investigated; furthermore, we evaluated associations between rep families, selected virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes, and food source origin. Two hundred and twenty-two S. aureus isolates from chicken (n = 55), beef liver (n = 43), pork (n = 42), chicken liver (n = 29), beef (n = 24), turkey (n = 22), and chicken gizzards (n = 7) were subjected to plasmid screening with alkaline lysis and PFGE to detect small-to-medium sized and large plasmids, respectively. The S. aureus isolates contained variable sizes of plasmids, and PFGE was superior to alkaline lysis in detecting large megaplasmids. A total of 26 rep families were identified by PCR, and the most dominant rep families were rep10 and rep7 in 164 isolates (89%), rep21 in 124 isolates (56%), and rep12 in 99 isolates (45%). Relationships between selected rep genes, antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes, and meat sources were detected. In conclusion, S. aureus strains isolated from retail meats harbor plasmids with various sizes and there is an association between rep genes on these plasmids and the meat source or the antimicrobial resistance of the strains harboring them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Neyaz
- Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Nisha Rajagopal
- Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Harrington Wells
- Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Mohamed K Fakhr
- Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
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Bernier-Lachance J, Arsenault J, Usongo V, Parent É, Labrie J, Jacques M, Malouin F, Archambault M. Prevalence and characteristics of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) isolated from chicken meat in the province of Quebec, Canada. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227183. [PMID: 31923238 PMCID: PMC6953868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) in retail chicken meat and broiler chickens from the Province of Quebec, Canada, and to characterize LA-MRSA isolates. A total of 309 chicken drumsticks and thighs were randomly selected in 2013 from 43 retail stores in the Monteregie. In addition, nasal swabs and caeca samples were collected in 2013-2014 from 200 broiler chickens of 38 different flocks. LA-MRSA was not detected in broiler chickens. Fifteen LA-MRSA isolates were recovered from four (1.3%) of the 309 chicken meat samples. Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) and SCCmec typing revealed two profiles (ST398-MRSA-V and ST8-MRSA-IVa), which were distinct using pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and microarray (antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes) analyses. In addition to beta-lactam resistance, tetracycline and spectinomycin resistance was detected in all isolates from the 3 positive samples of the ST398 profile. Southern blot hybridization revealed that the resistance genes aad(D) and lnu(A), encoding resistances to aminoglycosides and lincosamides respectively, were located on plasmid. All isolates were able to produce biofilms, but biofilm production was not correlated with hld gene expression. Our results show the presence of two separate lineages of MRSA in retail chicken meat in Quebec, one of which is likely of human origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Bernier-Lachance
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Aviaire (CRIPA-FRQNT), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale (GREMIP), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie Arsenault
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Aviaire (CRIPA-FRQNT), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Groupe de recherche en épidémiologie des zoonoses et santé publique (GREZOSP), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Valentine Usongo
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Aviaire (CRIPA-FRQNT), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale (GREMIP), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Éric Parent
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Aviaire (CRIPA-FRQNT), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale (GREMIP), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Josée Labrie
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Aviaire (CRIPA-FRQNT), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale (GREMIP), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Mario Jacques
- Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale (GREMIP), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - François Malouin
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Aviaire (CRIPA-FRQNT), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences, Centre d'Étude et de Valorisation de la Diversité Microbienne (CEVDM), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie Archambault
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Aviaire (CRIPA-FRQNT), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale (GREMIP), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Mama OM, Morales L, Ruiz-Ripa L, Zarazaga M, Torres C. High prevalence of multidrug resistant S. aureus-CC398 and frequent detection of enterotoxin genes among non-CC398 S. aureus from pig-derived food in Spain. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 320:108510. [PMID: 31986349 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) CC398 is a livestock-associated (LA) lineage, mainly detected in swine. Its dissemination via the food-chain could be a food-safety issue. This work aimed to study the diversity of S. aureus lineages in pork-products, to determine the prevalence of MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) of lineage CC398, and to study the antimicrobial resistance phenotype/genotype and the virulence traits of recovered isolates. One hundred and one samples of pig-derived food were collected in Northern Spain for S. aureus isolation. Antibiotic resistance profile was analysed, and associated resistance genes were screened by PCR. Detection of CC398 lineage, spa-type, multilocus sequence-type, virulence factors, immune evasion cluster (IEC) genes, and phage ΦSa3 integrase was performed by PCR/sequencing. The prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA among pig-derived food was 33.6% and 21.8%, respectively. Thirty-nine S. aureus isolates were recovered and attributed to 19 spa-types and 12 STs, ST398 being the predominant lineage (n = 25; 64%). MRSA-CC398 isolates (n = 23) were mainly spa-t011 (n = 16) and 82.6% were multidrug-resistant (MDR). All MRSA-CC398 were tetracycline-resistant and IEC-negative and four hosted either eta, tst or sea gene. The two MSSA-CC398 isolates detected were spa-t5452, IEC-positive, and were resistant to penicillin (blaZ) and erythromycin/clindamycin (inducible) (ermT with/without ermC + msrA). Among the 14 non-CC398 isolates, only two were MRSA (ST8, PVL-positive, enterotoxin-positive, IEC-negative). The 12 MSSA isolates included two of lineage CC45 and IEC-positive. CC398 lineage is prevalent among S. aureus of pig-derived food (both MRSA and MSSA), LA-MRSA-CC398/t011 being the clone most represented. The presence of the IEC-positive MSSA-CC398 and MSSA-CC45 isolates in food products highlights the potential implication of handlers in transmission of foodborne pathogens. Moreover, given the high frequency of MDR isolates and virulence genes detected, hygienic practices should be improved to limit the dissemination risk of S. aureus via the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liliana Morales
- Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Laura Ruiz-Ripa
- Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Myriam Zarazaga
- Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen Torres
- Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain.
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Abstract
Biofilm formation on indwelling medical devices represents an exclusive evasion mechanism for many pathogenic bacteria to establish chronic infections. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major bacterial pathogens that are able to induce both animal and human infections. The continued emergence of multiple drug-resistant S. aureus, especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus, is problematic due to limited treatment options. Biofilm formation by S. aureus complicates the treatment of methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections. Therefore, elucidating the mechanisms of biofilm formation in this pathogen is important for the development of alternative therapeutic strategies. Various environmental and genetic factors contribute to biofilm formation. In this review, we address the environmental factors and discuss how they affect biofilm formation by S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Shanghai Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Shanghai, China
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Jiang Zhang
- Shanghai Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinduo Ji
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
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25
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Vaiyapuri M, Joseph TC, Rao BM, Lalitha KV, Prasad MM. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Seafood: Prevalence, Laboratory Detection, Clonal Nature, and Control in Seafood Chain. J Food Sci 2019; 84:3341-3351. [PMID: 31769517 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a versatile pathogen bearing multiple virulence determinants, is increasingly being detected in various food-producing animals, including fish. In addition, it is a potential food poisoning agent. MRSA is not an inherent microbiota of fish; its presence is attributed to pre- or postharvest contamination through fish handlers, water, ice, and processing equipment. Several reviews have been written on MRSA in clinical as well as the food animal-producing sector, but information specific to MRSA in seafood is scant. This review puts forth insights on MRSA detection in seafood, antibiotic resistance, diversity of clones in seafood, and possible control measures in seafood production chain. Emphasis has been given on assessing the variations in the protocols employed for isolation and identification in different food matrices and lay the foundation for researchers to develop optimized procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugadas Vaiyapuri
- Microbiology, Fermentation and Biotechnology (MFB) Division, ICAR-Central Inst. of Fisheries Technology (ICAR-CIFT), Willingdon Island, Cochin, 682029, India
| | | | | | | | - Mothadaka Mukteswar Prasad
- Microbiology, Fermentation and Biotechnology (MFB) Division, ICAR-Central Inst. of Fisheries Technology (ICAR-CIFT), Willingdon Island, Cochin, 682029, India
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26
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Efthimiou G, Tsiamis G, Typas MA, Pappas KM. Transcriptomic Adjustments of Staphylococcus aureus COL (MRSA) Forming Biofilms Under Acidic and Alkaline Conditions. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2393. [PMID: 31681245 PMCID: PMC6813237 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains are important human pathogens and a significant health hazard for hospitals and the food industry. They are resistant to β-lactam antibiotics including methicillin and extremely difficult to treat. In this study, we show that the Staphylococcus aureus COL (MRSA) strain, with a known complete genome, can easily survive and grow under acidic and alkaline conditions (pH5 and pH9, respectively), both planktonically and as a biofilm. A microarray-based analysis of both planktonic and biofilm cells was performed under acidic and alkaline conditions showing that several genes are up- or down-regulated under different environmental conditions and growth modes. These genes were coding for transcription regulators, ion transporters, cell wall biosynthetic enzymes, autolytic enzymes, adhesion proteins and antibiotic resistance factors, most of which are associated with biofilm formation. These results will facilitate a better understanding of the physiological adjustments occurring in biofilm-associated S. aureus COL cells growing in acidic or alkaline environments, which will enable the development of new efficient treatment or disinfection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Efthimiou
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Tsiamis
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, Agrinio, Greece
| | - Milton A Typas
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Katherine M Pappas
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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27
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Vikram A, Miller E, Arthur TM, Bosilevac JM, Wheeler TL, Schmidt JW. Food Service Pork Chops from Three U.S. Regions Harbor Similar Levels of Antimicrobial Resistance Regardless of Antibiotic Use Claims. J Food Prot 2019; 82:1667-1676. [PMID: 31532250 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pork products from animals "raised without antibiotics" (RWA) are assumed to harbor lower levels of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) than conventional (CONV) pork products with no claims regarding use of antimicrobial agents during production. A total of 372 pork chop samples from CONV (n = 190) and RWA (n = 182) production systems were collected over 13 months from three food service suppliers. The following bacteria were cultured: Escherichia coli, tetracycline-resistant (TETr) E. coli, third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GCr) E. coli, Salmonella enterica, TETr Salmonella, 3GCr Salmonella, nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella, Enterococcus spp., TETr Enterococcus, erythromycin-resistant Enterococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Production system did not significantly impact the detection of cultured bacteria (P > 0.05). Metagenomic DNA was isolated from each sample, and equal amounts of metagenomic DNA were pooled by supplier, month, and production system for 75 pooled samples (38 CONV, 37 RWA). Quantitative PCR was used to assess the abundances of the following 10 AMR genes: aac(6')-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia, aadA1, blaCMY-2, blaCTX-M, blaKPC-2, erm(B), mecA, tet(A), tet(B), and tet(M). For all 10 AMR genes, abundances did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) between production systems. These results suggest that use of antimicrobial agents during swine production minimally impacts the AMR of bacteria in pork chops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Vikram
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9035-0474 [T.M.A.]; https://orcid/org/0000-0002-6571-9097 [T.L.W.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0494-2436 [J.W.S.])
| | - Eric Miller
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9035-0474 [T.M.A.]; https://orcid/org/0000-0002-6571-9097 [T.L.W.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0494-2436 [J.W.S.])
| | - Terrance M Arthur
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9035-0474 [T.M.A.]; https://orcid/org/0000-0002-6571-9097 [T.L.W.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0494-2436 [J.W.S.])
| | - Joseph M Bosilevac
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9035-0474 [T.M.A.]; https://orcid/org/0000-0002-6571-9097 [T.L.W.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0494-2436 [J.W.S.])
| | - Tommy L Wheeler
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9035-0474 [T.M.A.]; https://orcid/org/0000-0002-6571-9097 [T.L.W.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0494-2436 [J.W.S.])
| | - John W Schmidt
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9035-0474 [T.M.A.]; https://orcid/org/0000-0002-6571-9097 [T.L.W.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0494-2436 [J.W.S.])
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Tang KL, Caffrey NP, Nóbrega DB, Cork SC, Ronksley PE, Barkema HW, Polachek AJ, Ganshorn H, Sharma N, Kellner JD, Checkley SL, Ghali WA. Comparison of different approaches to antibiotic restriction in food-producing animals: stratified results from a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Glob Health 2019; 4:e001710. [PMID: 31543995 PMCID: PMC6730577 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously reported, in a systematic review of 181 studies, that restriction of antibiotic use in food-producing animals is associated with a reduction in antibiotic-resistant bacterial isolates. While informative, that report did not concretely specify whether different types of restriction are associated with differential effectiveness in reducing resistance. We undertook a sub-analysis of the systematic review to address this question. METHODS We created a classification scheme of different approaches to antibiotic restriction: (1) complete restriction; (2) single antibiotic-class restriction; (3) single antibiotic restriction; (4) all non-therapeutic use restriction; (5) growth promoter and prophylaxis restriction; (6) growth promoter restriction and (7) other/undetermined. All studies in the original systematic review that were amenable to meta-analysis were included into this substudy and coded by intervention type. Meta-analyses were conducted using random effects models, stratified by intervention type. RESULTS A total of 127 studies were included. The most frequently studied intervention type was complete restriction (n=51), followed by restriction of non-therapeutic (n=33) and growth promoter (n=19) indications. None examined growth promoter and prophylaxis restrictions together. Three and seven studies examined single antibiotic-class and single antibiotic restrictions, respectively; these two intervention types were not significantly associated with reductions in antibiotic resistance. Though complete restrictions were associated with a 15% reduction in antibiotic resistance, less prohibitive approaches also demonstrated reduction in antibiotic resistance of 9%-30%. CONCLUSION Broad interventions that restrict global antibiotic use appear to be more effective in reducing antibiotic resistance compared with restrictions that narrowly target one specific antibiotic or antibiotic class. Importantly, interventions that allow for therapeutic antibiotic use appear similarly effective compared with those that restrict all uses of antibiotics, suggesting that complete bans are not necessary. These findings directly inform the creation of specific policies to restrict antibiotic use in food-producing animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Tang
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Niamh P Caffrey
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Diego B Nóbrega
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Susan C Cork
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul E Ronksley
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Herman W Barkema
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alicia J Polachek
- W21C Research and Innovation Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Heather Ganshorn
- Libraries and Cultural Resources, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nishan Sharma
- W21C Research and Innovation Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - James D Kellner
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sylvia L Checkley
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - William A Ghali
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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29
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Vitale M, Galluzzo P, Buffa PG, Carlino E, Spezia O, Alduina R. Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance Profile and Biofilm Production of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Derived from Human Specimens and Animal-Derived Samples. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:antibiotics8030097. [PMID: 31330991 PMCID: PMC6783831 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8030097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The diffusion of antimicrobial resistance is a significant concern for public health worldwide. Staphylococcus aureus represents a paradigm microorganism for antibiotic resistance in that resistant strains appear within a decade after the introduction of new antibiotics. Methods: Fourteen S. aureus isolates from human specimens and twenty-one from samples of animal origin, were compared for their antimicrobial resistance and biofilm capability. In addition, they were characterized at the molecular level to detect the antimicrobial resistance mecA gene and genes related with enterotoxin, toxin, and biofilm production. Results: Both phenotypic and molecular analysis showed main differences among human- and animal-derived isolates. Among the human-derived isolates, more multidrug-resistant isolates were detected and mecA gene, enterotoxin, and toxin genes were more prevalent. Different genes involved in biofilm production were detected with bap present only in animal-derived isolates and sasC present in both isolates, however, with a higher prevalence in the human-derived isolates. Biofilm capability was higher in human-derived isolates mainly associated to the sasC gene. Conclusions: The overall results indicate that human S. aureus isolates are more virulent and resistant than the isolates of animal origin randomly selected with no infection anamnesis. This study confirms that selection for more virulent and resistant S. aureus strains is related to the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vitale
- Laboratorio Genetica dei Microorganismi, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Galluzzo
- Laboratorio Genetica dei Microorganismi, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, 90129 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Giuseppina Buffa
- Dipartimento Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Viale delle Scienze, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Eleonora Carlino
- Laboratorio Genetica dei Microorganismi, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Orazio Spezia
- Laboratorio Analisi Baiata srl, via Capitano Francesco Sieli, 1, 91100 Trapani (TP), Italy
| | - Rosa Alduina
- Dipartimento Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Viale delle Scienze, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
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30
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Parisi A, Caruso M, Normanno G, Latorre L, Miccolupo A, Fraccalvieri R, Intini F, Manginelli T, Santagada G. MRSA in swine, farmers and abattoir workers in Southern Italy. Food Microbiol 2019; 82:287-293. [PMID: 31027785 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important medical issue, since it causes serious and sometimes fatal infections in humans. Intensively reared swine may serve as reservoirs for MRSA that can infect swine workers, and also consumers (via contaminated meat). In this study, MRSA strains were isolated from 55 of the 85 (64.7%) intensive pig farms surveyed, and prevalence was greater on pig fattening farms than on breeding farms. In addition, we included in the study 63 foreign pigs imported for slaughter. Overall, the prevalence of MRSA in the 418 sampled swine was 59.1%; 12 genotypes were identified among the isolates; ST398 (96.4%) was most prevalent, followed by ST97 (2%), ST9 (0.8%) and ST1 (0.8%). MRSA isolates were also detected in 26 (17.3%) of the 150 operators included in the study; the genotypes detected were ST398 (85%), ST9 (7.6%), ST5 (3.8%) and ST1 (3.8%). All the strains were pvl negative and pia positive. Both swine and human strains displayed a multi-resistance pattern, and almost all were resistant to tetracycline. The results obtained in this study confirm the high prevalence of MRSA in swine reared and slaughtered in Italy, and underline the public health risk linked to the spread of antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among intensively reared pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Parisi
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Apulia and Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121, Foggia, Italy
| | - Marta Caruso
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Apulia and Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Normanno
- Department of Science of Agriculture, Food and the Environment (SAFE), Via Napoli 25, University of Foggia, 7121, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Laura Latorre
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Apulia and Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121, Foggia, Italy
| | - Angela Miccolupo
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Apulia and Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121, Foggia, Italy
| | - Rosa Fraccalvieri
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Apulia and Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesco Intini
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale Bari, Lungomare Starita 6, 70123, Bari, Italy
| | - Teresa Manginelli
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale Bari, Lungomare Starita 6, 70123, Bari, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Santagada
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Apulia and Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121, Foggia, Italy
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Haskell KJ, Schriever SR, Fonoimoana KD, Haws B, Hair BB, Wienclaw TM, Holmstead JG, Barboza AB, Berges ET, Heaton MJ, Berges BK. Antibiotic resistance is lower in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from antibiotic-free raw meat as compared to conventional raw meat. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206712. [PMID: 30532208 PMCID: PMC6287829 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The frequent use of antibiotics contributes to antibiotic resistance in bacteria, resulting in an increase in infections that are difficult to treat. Livestock are commonly administered antibiotics in their feed, but there is current interest in raising animals that are only administered antibiotics during active infections. Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is a common pathogen of both humans and livestock raised for human consumption. SA has achieved high levels of antibiotic resistance, but the origins and locations of resistance selection are poorly understood. We determined the prevalence of SA and MRSA in conventional and antibiotic-free (AF) meat products, and also measured rates of antibiotic resistance in these isolates. We isolated SA from raw conventional turkey, chicken, beef, and pork samples and also from AF chicken and turkey samples. We found that SA contamination was common, with an overall prevalence of 22.6% (range of 2.8-30.8%) in conventional meats and 13.0% (range of 12.5-13.2%) in AF poultry meats. MRSA was isolated from 15.7% of conventional raw meats (range of 2.8-20.4%) but not from AF-free meats. The degree of antibiotic resistance in conventional poultry products was significantly higher vs AF poultry products for a number of different antibiotics, and while multi-drug resistant strains were relatively common in conventional meats none were detected in AF meats. The use of antibiotics in livestock contributes to high levels of antibiotic resistance in SA found in meat products. Our results support the use of AF conditions for livestock in order to prevent antibiotic resistance development in SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyler J. Haskell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America
| | - Samuel R. Schriever
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America
| | - Kenisi D. Fonoimoana
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Haws
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America
| | - Bryan B. Hair
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America
| | - Trevor M. Wienclaw
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America
| | - Joseph G. Holmstead
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America
| | - Andrew B. Barboza
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America
| | - Erik T. Berges
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Heaton
- Department of Statistics, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America
| | - Bradford K. Berges
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- James L. Smith
- Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania
| | - Pina M. Fratamico
- Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania
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33
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Savariraj WR, Ravindran NB, Kannan P, Paramasivam R, Senthilkumar TMA, Kumarasamy P, Rao VA. Prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence genes ofStaphylococcus aureusisolated from pork meat in retail outlets in India. J Food Saf 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Narendra Babu Ravindran
- Department of Livestock Products Technology (Meat Science)Madras Veterinary College Chennai India
| | - Porteen Kannan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and EpidemiologyMadras Veterinary College, TANUVAS Chennai India
| | - Raja Paramasivam
- Department of Animal BiotechnologyMadras Veterinary College, TANUVAS Chennai India
| | - TMA Senthilkumar
- Department of Animal BiotechnologyMadras Veterinary College, TANUVAS Chennai India
| | - Peria Kumarasamy
- Department of Bioinformatics and ARIS CellMadras Veterinary College, TANUVAS Chennai India
| | - Veluru Appa Rao
- Department of Livestock Products Technology (Meat Science)Madras Veterinary College Chennai India
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34
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Liao F, Gu W, Yang Z, Mo Z, Fan L, Guo Y, Fu X, Xu W, Li C, Dai J. Molecular characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from food surveillance in southwest China. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:91. [PMID: 30157758 PMCID: PMC6114054 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1239-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) is one of the most common food-borne diseases in the world. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and spa typing methods were used to characterize Staphylococcus aureus isolates from food surveillance during 2013-2015 in southwest China, and Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing was used for methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Isolates were also examined for their antibiotic resistance and carriage of virulence genes. RESULTS Isolation rate of S. aureus was 2.60% during the three years' surveillance and 29.50% of them were MRSA. All the S. aureus had hla genes (100%), 14.34% of the strains had tst, and 16.73% had PVL. 163 PFGE-SmaI patterns, 41 ST types and 36 spa types were obtained for all the S. aureus. Among them, ST6-t701 (13.15%), ST7-t091 (12.75%), ST59-t437 (9.96%) and ST5-t002 (7.57%) were the prevalent genotypes. Most of MRSA in this study belonged to SCCmec IV and V, accounted for 74.32% and 20.27% respectively. ST6-SCCmec IV-t701 (36.50%) was the most prevalent clone among isolates from food, followed by ST59-SCCmec V-t437 (20.30%), ST5-SCCmec IV-t002 (12.20%) and ST59-SCCmec IV-t437 (12.20%). Some strains had the identical PFGE patterns, ST and spa types with isolates from patients. CONCLUSIONS S. aureus isolated from food in southwest China displayed heterogeneity. Isolates had the same genotype profiles with isolates from patients, indicating high homology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan province, Kunming, 650022, China.,The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenpeng Gu
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, The Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Yunnan Innovation Team of Standardization and Application Research in Tree Shrew, Kunming, 650118, China. .,Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, 650022, China. .,Institute of Medical Biology, The Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College & Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Dongsi Street 158, Kunming, 650022, China.
| | - Zushun Yang
- Centre for Sanitary Inspection, Yunnan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, 650022, China
| | - Zhishuo Mo
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Lu Fan
- Centre for Sanitary Inspection, Yunnan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, 650022, China
| | - Yidan Guo
- Centre for Sanitary Inspection, Yunnan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, 650022, China
| | - Xiaoqing Fu
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, 650022, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, 650022, China
| | - Chaoqun Li
- Wenshan Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenshan, 663000, China
| | - Jiejie Dai
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, The Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Yunnan Innovation Team of Standardization and Application Research in Tree Shrew, Kunming, 650118, China. .,Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical School, Kunming, 650118, China.
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Wardyn SE, Stegger M, Price LB, Smith TC. Whole-Genome Analysis of Recurrent Staphylococcus aureus t571/ST398 Infection in Farmer, Iowa, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 24:153-154. [PMID: 29260680 PMCID: PMC5749462 DOI: 10.3201/eid2401.161184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus strain sequence type (ST) 398 has emerged during the last decade, largely among persons who have contact with swine or other livestock. Although colonization with ST398 is common in livestock workers, infections are not frequently documented. We report recurrent ST398-IIa infection in an Iowa farmer in contact with swine and cattle.
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Chen CJ, Huang YC. Emergence of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Should it be a concern? J Formos Med Assoc 2018; 117:658-661. [PMID: 29754805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Jung Chen
- Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yhu-Chering Huang
- Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Velasco V, Vergara JL, Bonilla AM, Muñoz J, Mallea A, Vallejos D, Quezada-Aguiluz M, Campos J, Rojas-García P. Prevalence and Characterization ofStaphylococcus aureusStrains in the Pork Chain Supply in Chile. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2018; 15:262-268. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Velasco
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - José L. Vergara
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Ana M. Bonilla
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Javier Muñoz
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Alejandra Mallea
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Diego Vallejos
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Mario Quezada-Aguiluz
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents Research, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jorge Campos
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Pedro Rojas-García
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Concepción, Chillán, Chile
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Smith TC, Hellwig EJ, Wardyn SE, Kates AE, Thapaliya D. Longitudinal Case Series of Staphylococcus aureus Colonization and Infection in Two Cohorts of Rural Iowans. Microb Drug Resist 2018; 24:455-460. [PMID: 29298107 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2017.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine the relationship between colonization with Staphylococcus aureus in the community and symptomatic infection in two cohorts of Iowans. DESIGN Case series within cohort study. PARTICIPANTS Rural Iowans selected from the Keokuk Rural Health Study, the Agricultural Health Study, and the Iowa Voter Registry. METHODS Longitudinal study within established cohorts evaluating documented S. aureus infections with samples available for molecular typing. RESULTS We examined this relationship in two cohorts of Iowans with a combined 11 incident cases of S. aureus SSTI, for which samples were available. Seven of the 11 individuals (63.6%) were colonized at baseline, in the nose (3/7, 42.9%), or in both the nose and throat (57.1%). All seven cases had matching sequence types between colonization and infection isolates. CONCLUSIONS Staphylococcus aureus causes millions of skin and soft tissue infections yearly. Although colonization with S. aureus is a frequent antecedent to infection, many studies investigating the link between colonization and infection have taken place in a clinical setting, particularly in urban hospitals. Our study has shown similar results in a rural community setting to those previously seen in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara C Smith
- 1 Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences, and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Kent State University , Kent, Ohio
| | - Emily J Hellwig
- 1 Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences, and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Kent State University , Kent, Ohio
| | - Shylo E Wardyn
- 2 Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, Washington
| | - Ashley E Kates
- 3 Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Dipendra Thapaliya
- 1 Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences, and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Kent State University , Kent, Ohio
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Seedy FRE, Samy AA, Salam HSH, Khairy EA, Koraney AA. Polymerase chain reaction detection of genes responsible for multiple antibiotic resistance Staphylococcus aureus isolated from food of animal origin in Egypt. Vet World 2017; 10:1205-1211. [PMID: 29184366 PMCID: PMC5682265 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.1205-1211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of our study was polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of the genes responsible for the multiple antibiotic resistance S. aureus isolated from food of animal origin in Egypt. Materials and Methods: A total of 125 samples were randomly collected from milk, meat, and their products from Giza and Beni-Suef Governorates markets. The S. aureus isolates were subjected to antimicrobial sensitivity tests using four antibacterial disks (Oxoid), and then the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for detection of antibiotic resistance genes. Results: Out of 125 samples, 19 S. aureus isolates were detected. All detected isolates were multiple drug resistance (MDR). The penicillin-, erythromycin-, kanamycin-, and tetracycline-resistant isolates were examined by PCR for resistance genes blaZ, (msrA, ermB, and ermC), aac(6’)aph (2”), and tetK. The isolates harbored these resistance genes with percentage of 100% (100%, 0%, and 100%), 62.5%, and 100%, respectively. Conclusion: Contaminated foods of animal origin may represent a source of MDR S. aureus that can be a major threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawzy R El Seedy
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - A A Samy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala S H Salam
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Eman A Khairy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya A Koraney
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
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Ivbule M, Miklaševičs E, Čupāne L, Bērziņa L, Bālinš A, Valdovska A. Presence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in Slaughterhouse Environment, Pigs, Carcasses, and Workers. J Vet Res 2017; 61:267-277. [PMID: 29978083 PMCID: PMC5894418 DOI: 10.1515/jvetres-2017-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a highly resistant and difficult to cure zoonotic microorganism, which makes up a large part of food toxic infections and has shown high prevalence among pig population all over the world. The aim of the study was to establish the occurrence of MRSA in slaughterhouses, evaluate its antimicrobial resistance, and verify whether there are any differences or similarities with reference to other European countries. Material and Methods A total of 100 pigs, 105 carcasses, 19 workers, and 24 samples from the environment of several slaughterhouses were examined by conventional microbial and molecular methods. Results In total, 78 MRSA isolates were found. MRSA prevalence in slaughtered pigs varied from 8.0% to 88.6% depending on the slaughterhouse, reaching higher prevalence in slaughterhouses with higher slaughter capacity. In total, 21.1% of all workers were carriers of MRSA and 6.7% of carcasses were contaminated with MRSA. The 98.2% of MRSA isolates were resistant to penicillin, 89.1% to tetracycline, 60.1% to erythromycin, 65.5% to gentamycin, and 15 different spa types were found, among which spa type t01333 was most widespread. Conclusion The study indicated that MRSA prevalence and spa types differed according to slaughterhouse slaughter capacity and good hygiene practices. Quite high MRSA occurrence among slaughterhouse workers is one of the main factors which increase pork contamination risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meldra Ivbule
- Veterinary Surveillance Department, Food and Veterinary Service, Riga, LV-1050, Latvia
| | | | - Liene Čupāne
- Institute of Oncology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, LV-1002, Latvia
| | - Laima Bērziņa
- Faculty of Information Technology, Latvia University of Agriculture, Jelgava, LV-3001, Latvia
| | - Andris Bālinš
- Scientific Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Jelgava, LV-3004, Latvia
| | - Anda Valdovska
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Agriculture, Jelgava, LV-3004, Latvia
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Assessing the potential for raw meat to influence human colonization with Staphylococcus aureus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10848. [PMID: 28883621 PMCID: PMC5589955 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11423-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of household meat handling and consumption in the transfer of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) from livestock to consumers is not well understood. Examining the similarity of S. aureus colonizing humans and S. aureus in meat from the stores in which those individuals shop can provide insight into the role of meat in human S. aureus colonization. S. aureus isolates were collected from individuals in rural and urban communities in Iowa (n = 3347) and contemporaneously from meat products in stores where participants report purchasing meat (n = 913). The staphylococcal protein A (spa) gene was sequenced for all isolates to determine a spa type. Morisita indices and Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance Using Distance Matrices (PERMANOVA) were used to determine the relationship between spa type composition among human samples and meat samples. spa type composition was significantly different between households and meat sampled from their associated grocery stores. spa types found in meat were not significantly different regardless of the store or county in which they were sampled. spa types in people also exhibit high similarity regardless of residential location in urban or rural counties. Such findings suggest meat is not an important source of S. aureus colonization in shoppers.
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Methicillin-resistant and -susceptible Staphylococcus aureus from retail meat in Denmark. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 249:72-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ou Q, Peng Y, Lin D, Bai C, Zhang T, Lin J, Ye X, Yao Z. A Meta-Analysis of the Global Prevalence Rates of Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus Contamination of Different Raw Meat Products. J Food Prot 2017; 80:763-774. [PMID: 28358261 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has indicated that raw meats are frequently contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus, but data regarding the pooled prevalence rates of S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) contamination in different types of raw meat products (beef, chicken, and pork) and across different periods, regions, and purchase locations remain inconsistent. We systematically searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid, Web of Science, and HighWire databases to identify studies published up to June 2016. The STROBE guidelines were used to assess the quality of the 39 studies included in this meta-analysis. We observed no significant differences in the pooled prevalence rates of S. aureus and MRSA contamination identified in various raw meat products, with overall pooled prevalence rates of 29.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 22.8 to 35.9%) and 3.2% (95% CI, 1.8 to 4.9%) identified for the two contaminants, respectively. In the subgroup analyses, the prevalence of S. aureus contamination in chicken products was highest in Asian studies and significantly decreased over time worldwide. In European studies, the prevalence rates of S. aureus contamination in chicken and pork products were lower than those reported on other continents. The pooled prevalence rates of S. aureus contamination in chicken and pork products and MRSA contamination in beef and pork products were significantly higher in samples collected from retail sources than in samples collected from slaughterhouses and processing plants. These results highlight the need for good hygiene during transportation to and manipulation at retail outlets to reduce the risk of transmission of S. aureus and MRSA from meat products to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianting Ou
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Yang Peng
- Centre for Chronic Diseases, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dongxin Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Chan Bai
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Jialing Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Xiaohua Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Zhenjiang Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, People's Republic of China; and
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Oniciuc EA, Nicolau AI, Hernández M, Rodríguez-Lázaro D. Presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the food chain. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Thapaliya D, Forshey BM, Kadariya J, Quick MK, Farina S, O' Brien A, Nair R, Nworie A, Hanson B, Kates A, Wardyn S, Smith TC. Prevalence and molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus in commercially available meat over a one-year period in Iowa, USA. Food Microbiol 2017; 65:122-129. [PMID: 28399994 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a leading cause of infectious disease morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have confirmed the presence of S. aureus, including MRSA, on raw meat products. We investigated the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of S. aureus and MRSA in commercially-distributed antibiotic-free and conventional raw meat products (n = 3290) purchased in 8 Iowa retail stores weekly for a period of one year. Isolates were characterized using spa typing, and PCR was used to detect the presence of the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) and mecA genes. Quantitation of S. aureus on meat products was carried out one week per month. The prevalence of S. aureus on meat samples was 27.8% (913/3290). Compared to antibiotic-free meat samples, higher prevalence of both MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) were found in conventional meat samples. Among the S. aureus isolates, 18 were PVL-positive (1.9%) and 41 (4.5%) carried mecA. Phenotypic oxacillin resistance was observed for 17.1% (41/239) of the isolates tested, while 23% (55/239) were multi-drug resistant. A total of 132 spa types were detected from 913 contaminated meat samples. Overall, t002 was the most common spa type identified (137; 15.0%). The number of colony-forming units (CFU) per 10 g meat ranged from 2 to 517 (median: 8 CFU per 10 g of meat; mean: 28) with the highest bacterial load observed on turkey samples. These data reinforce the need to consider meat products as potential vehicles of S. aureus transmission from farm into human households, and the potential need for public health intervention programs pre and post-slaughter in meat processing facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipendra Thapaliya
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 145N. Riverside Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States; Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 2501 Crosspark Rd, Coralville, IA, 52241, United States
| | - Brett M Forshey
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 145N. Riverside Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States; Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 2501 Crosspark Rd, Coralville, IA, 52241, United States
| | - Jhalka Kadariya
- Kent State University, College of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, 750Hilltop Drive, Kent, OH, 44242, United States
| | - Megan K Quick
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 145N. Riverside Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States; Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 2501 Crosspark Rd, Coralville, IA, 52241, United States
| | - Sarah Farina
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 145N. Riverside Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States; Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 2501 Crosspark Rd, Coralville, IA, 52241, United States
| | - Ashley O' Brien
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 145N. Riverside Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States; Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 2501 Crosspark Rd, Coralville, IA, 52241, United States
| | - Rajeshwari Nair
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 145N. Riverside Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States; Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 2501 Crosspark Rd, Coralville, IA, 52241, United States
| | - Amos Nworie
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 145N. Riverside Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States; Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 2501 Crosspark Rd, Coralville, IA, 52241, United States
| | - Blake Hanson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 145N. Riverside Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States; Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 2501 Crosspark Rd, Coralville, IA, 52241, United States
| | - Ashley Kates
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 145N. Riverside Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States; Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 2501 Crosspark Rd, Coralville, IA, 52241, United States
| | - Shylo Wardyn
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 145N. Riverside Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States; Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 2501 Crosspark Rd, Coralville, IA, 52241, United States
| | - Tara C Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 145N. Riverside Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States; Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 2501 Crosspark Rd, Coralville, IA, 52241, United States; Kent State University, College of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, 750Hilltop Drive, Kent, OH, 44242, United States.
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Fox A, Pichon B, Wilkinson H, Doumith M, Hill R, McLauchlin J, Kearns A. Detection and molecular characterization of Livestock-Associated MRSA in raw meat on retail sale in North West England. Lett Appl Microbiol 2017; 64:239-245. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Fox
- Public Health England; Food Water and Environmental Microbiology Services; Preston Laboratory; Preston UK
| | - B. Pichon
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Infections Reference Unit; National Infection Service; Public Health England; London UK
| | - H. Wilkinson
- Public Health England; Food Water and Environmental Microbiology Services; Preston Laboratory; Preston UK
| | - M. Doumith
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Infections Reference Unit; National Infection Service; Public Health England; London UK
| | - R.L.R. Hill
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Infections Reference Unit; National Infection Service; Public Health England; London UK
| | - J. McLauchlin
- Public Health England Food Water and Environmental Microbiology Services; London UK
- Institute of Infection and Global Health; University of Liverpool; Liverpool UK
| | - A.M. Kearns
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Infections Reference Unit; National Infection Service; Public Health England; London UK
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Ferguson DD, Smith TC, Hanson BM, Wardyn SE, Donham KJ. Detection of Airborne Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Inside and Downwind of a Swine Building, and in Animal Feed: Potential Occupational, Animal Health, and Environmental Implications. J Agromedicine 2017; 21:149-53. [PMID: 26808288 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2016.1142917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aerosolized methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was sampled inside and downwind of a swine facility. Animal feed was sampled before and after entry into the swine facility. Aerosolized particles were detected using an optical particle counter for real-time measurement and with an Andersen sampler to detect viable MRSA. Molecular typing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed on samples collected. Viable MRSA organisms isolated inside the swine facility were primarily associated with particles >5 µm, and those isolated downwind from the swine facility were associated with particles <5 µm. MRSA isolates included spa types t008, t034, and t5706 and were resistant to methicillin, tetracycline, clindamycin, and erythromycin. Animal feed both before and after entry into the swine facility tested positive for viable MRSA. These isolates were of similar spa types as the airborne MRSA organisms. Air samples collected after power washing with a biocide inside the swine facility resulted in no viable MRSA organisms detected. This pilot study showed that the ecology of MRSA is complex. Additional studies are warranted on the maximum distance that viable MRSA can be emitted outside the facility, and the possibility that animal feed may be a source of contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwight D Ferguson
- a Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa , USA
| | - Tara C Smith
- b Department of Epidemiology , University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa , USA.,c Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences, and Epidemiology , Kent State University , Kent , Ohio , USA
| | - Blake M Hanson
- b Department of Epidemiology , University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa , USA
| | - Shylo E Wardyn
- b Department of Epidemiology , University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa , USA
| | - Kelley J Donham
- a Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa , USA
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49
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Dasagrandhi C, Ellamar JB, Kim YS, Kim HR. Antimicrobial activity of a novel furan fatty acid, 7,10-epoxyoctadeca-7,9-dienoic acid against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Food Sci Biotechnol 2016; 25:1671-1675. [PMID: 30263461 PMCID: PMC6049236 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the antimicrobial potential of a novel furan fatty acid, 7,10-epoxyoctadeca-7,9-dienoic acid (7,10-EODA) against methicillin-resistant and -sensitive S. aureus (MRSA and MSSA). The anti-staphylococcal activity of 7,10-EODA and its consequences on cell physiology was determined by disc diffusion, broth microdilution, and flow cytometry. Anti-virulence activity of 7,10-EODA was evaluated by bioassays. 7,10-EODA was anti-staphylococcal with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range of 125-250 mg/L. 7,10-EODA exhibited a dose response and inhibited MRSA 01ST001 by 90.5% and ATCC 29213 (MSSA) by 85.3% at 125 mg/L. MIC of 7,10-EODA permeabilized >95 % of MRSA 01ST001 cells to small molecules. Sublethal dose of 7,10-EODA was non-toxic but markedly reduced the hemolytic, coagulase, and autolytic activities of MRSA and MSSA at 15.6 mg/L. The results provide a lead for the utilization of natural furan fatty acids as novel anti-MRSA agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakradhar Dasagrandhi
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Korea
| | - Joel B. Ellamar
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Korea
| | - Young Soon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Korea
| | - Hak-Ryul Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Korea
- Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Korea
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50
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Ge B, Mukherjee S, Hsu CH, Davis JA, Tran TTT, Yang Q, Abbott JW, Ayers SL, Young SR, Crarey ET, Womack NA, Zhao S, McDermott PF. MRSA and multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in U.S. retail meats, 2010-2011. Food Microbiol 2016; 62:289-297. [PMID: 27889161 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2016.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been detected in retail meats, although large-scale studies are scarce. We conducted a one-year survey in 2010-2011 within the framework of the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System. Among 3520 retail meats collected from eight U.S. states, 982 (27.9%) contained S. aureus and 66 (1.9%) were positive for MRSA. Approximately 10.4% (107/1032) of S. aureus isolates, including 37.2% (29/78) of MRSA, were multidrug-resistant (MDRSA). Turkey had the highest MRSA prevalence (3.5%), followed by pork (1.9%), beef (1.7%), and chicken (0.3%). Whole-genome sequencing was performed for all 66 non-redundant MRSA. Among five multilocus sequence types identified, ST8 (72.7%) and ST5 (22.7%) were most common and livestock-associated MRSA ST398 was assigned to one pork isolate. Eleven spa types were represented, predominately t008 (43.9%) and t2031 (22.7%). All four types of meats harbored t008, whereas t2031 was recovered from turkey only. The majority of MRSA (84.8%) possessed SCCmec IV and 62.1% harbored Panton-Valentine leukocidin. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that all ST8 MRSA belonged to the predominant human epidemic clone USA300, and others included USA100 and USA200. We conclude that a diverse MRSA population was present in U.S. retail meats, albeit at low prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beilei Ge
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA.
| | - Sampa Mukherjee
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
| | - Chih-Hao Hsu
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
| | - Johnnie A Davis
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
| | - Thu Thuy T Tran
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
| | - Qianru Yang
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
| | - Jason W Abbott
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
| | - Sherry L Ayers
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
| | - Shenia R Young
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
| | - Emily T Crarey
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
| | - Niketta A Womack
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
| | - Shaohua Zhao
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
| | - Patrick F McDermott
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
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