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Adamopoulos KI, Sanders LM, Costes SV. NASA GeneLab derived microarray studies of Mus musculus and Homo sapiens organisms in altered gravitational conditions. NPJ Microgravity 2024; 10:49. [PMID: 38671027 PMCID: PMC11053165 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00392-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the greatest challenges of humanity for deep space exploration is to fully understand how altered gravitational conditions affect human physiology. It is evident that the spaceflight environment causes multiple alterations to musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, immune and central nervous systems, to name a few known effects. To better characterize these biological effects, we compare gene expression datasets from microarray studies found in NASA GeneLab, part of the NASA Open Science Data Repository. In this review, we summarize these archived results for various tissues, emphasizing key genes which are highly reproducible in different mice or human experiments. Such exhaustive mining shows the potential of NASA Open Science data to identify and validate mechanisms taking place when mammalian organisms are exposed to microgravity or other spaceflight conditions. Our comparative meta-analysis findings highlight certain degrees of overlap and reproducibility in genes identified as differentially expressed within musculoskeletal tissues in each species across a variety of altered gravity conditions. However, the level of overlap between species was found to be significantly limited, partly attributed to the limited availability of human samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos I Adamopoulos
- National Technical University of Athens, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Zografou, Athens, Greece
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Lauren M Sanders
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
- NASA Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Sylvain V Costes
- NASA Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA.
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Ruprecht NA, Singhal S, Sens D, Singhal SK. Translating genetic findings to epigenetics: identifying the mechanisms associated with aging after high-radiation exposure on earth and in space. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1333222. [PMID: 38584916 PMCID: PMC10995328 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1333222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Exposure to radiation is a health concern within and beyond the Earth's atmosphere for aircrew and astronauts in their respective austere environments. The biological effects of radiation exposure from a multiomics standpoint are relatively unexplored and stand to shed light on tailored monitoring and treatment for those in these career fields. To establish a reference variable for genetic damage, biological age seems to be closely associated with the effect of radiation. Following a genetic-based study, this study explores the epigenetic landscape of radiation exposure along with its associative effects on aging processes. Methods We imported the results of the genetics-based study that was a secondary analysis of five publicly available datasets (noted as Data1). The overlap of these genes with new data involving methylation data from two datasets (noted as Data2) following similar secondary analysis procedures is the basis of this study. We performed the standard statistical analysis on these datasets along with supervised and unsupervised learning to create preranked gene lists used for functional analysis in Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Results There were 664 genes of interest from Data1 and 577 genes from Data2. There were 40 statistically significant methylation probes within 500 base pairs of the gene's transcription start site and 10 probes within 100 base pairs, which are discussed in depth. IPA yielded 21 significant pathways involving metabolism, cellular development, cell death, and diseases. Compared to gold standards for gestational age, we observed relatively low error and standard deviation using newly identified biomarkers. Conclusion We have identified 17 methylated genes that exhibited particular interest and potential in future studies. This study suggests that there are common trends in oxidative stress, cell development, and metabolism that indicate an association between aging processes and the effects of ionizing radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A. Ruprecht
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Sonalika Singhal
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Donald Sens
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Sandeep K. Singhal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
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3
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Ahn JH, Park S, Hwang YM, Choi YS, Yi JW. Morphologic and genomic changes of thyroid cancer cell lines exposed to conditions of simulated microgravity. NPJ Microgravity 2024; 10:8. [PMID: 38225447 PMCID: PMC10789769 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00346-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Microgravity in space impacts human health. In particular, thyroid cancer, which has a high incidence rate, has been the subject of numerous studies with respect to microgravity. However, most studies have focused on Western follicular thyroid cancer cell lines, while data regarding the effects of microgravity on Asian cell lines are lacking. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of simulated ground-based microgravity on two Korean thyroid cancer cell lines, namely SNU-790 and SNU-80. We found that both cell lines formed multicellular spheroids under simulated microgravity. Gene expression analysis revealed that in SNU-790 cells, histone-related genes were upregulated and microRNA-related genes were downregulated. Meanwhile, in SNU-80 cells, genes related to the cellular response to hypoxia were downregulated. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the effects of microgravity on thyroid cancer cells. Further validation studies and clinical significance analyses are needed to fully understand the implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hyuk Ahn
- Department of Surgery, lnha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Surgery, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sungyeon Park
- College of Medicine, The Inha University of Korea, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mi Hwang
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Inha University Research and Business Foundation, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yun Suk Choi
- Department of Surgery, lnha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Surgery, lnha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jin Wook Yi
- Department of Surgery, lnha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
- Department of Surgery, lnha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea.
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Ruprecht NA, Singhal S, Schaefer K, Gill JS, Bansal B, Sens D, Singhal SK. Establishing a genomic radiation-age association for space exploration supplements lung disease differentiation. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1161124. [PMID: 37250098 PMCID: PMC10213902 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1161124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose One possible way to quantify each individual's response or damage from ionizing radiation is to estimate their accelerated biological age following exposure. Since there is currently no definitive way to know if biological age estimations are accurate, we aim to establish a rad-age association using genomics as its foundation. Methods Two datasets were combined and used to empirically find the age cutoff between young and old patients. With age as both a categorical and continuous variable, two other datasets that included radiation exposure are used to test the interaction between radiation and age. The gene lists are oriented in preranked lists for both pathway and diseases analysis. Finally, these genes are used to evaluate another dataset on the clinical relevance in differentiating lung disease given ethnicity and sex using both pairwise t-tests and linear models. Results Using 12 well-known genes associated with aging, a threshold of 29-years-old was found to be the difference between young and old patients. The two interaction tests yielded 234 unique genes such that pathway analysis flagged IL-1 signaling and PRPP biosynthesis as significant with high cell proliferation diseases and carcinomas being a common trend. LAPTM4B was the only gene with significant interaction among lung disease, ethnicity, and sex, with fold change greater than two. Conclusion The results corroborate an initial association between radiation and age, given inflammation and metabolic pathways and multiple genes emphasizing mitochondrial function, oxidation, and histone modification. Being able to tie rad-age genes to lung disease supplements future work for risk assessment following radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A. Ruprecht
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Sonalika Singhal
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Kalli Schaefer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Jappreet S. Gill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Benu Bansal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Donald Sens
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Sandeep K. Singhal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
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Zanin A, Meneghetti G, Menilli L, Tesoriere A, Argenton F, Mognato M. Analysis of Radiation Toxicity in Mammalian Cells Stably Transduced with Mitochondrial Stat3. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8232. [PMID: 37175941 PMCID: PMC10179518 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A coordinated action between nuclear and mitochondrial activities is essential for a proper cellular response to genotoxic stress. Several nuclear transcription factors, including STAT3, translocate to mitochondria to exert mitochondrial function regulation; however, the role of mitochondrial STAT3 (mitoSTAT3) under stressed conditions is still poorly understood. In this study, we examined whether the stable expression of mitoSTAT3 wild-type or mutated at the conserved serine residue (Ser727), which is involved in the mitochondrial function of STAT3, can affect the DNA damage response to UVC radiation. To address this issue, we generated mammalian cells (NIH-3T3 and HCT-116 cells) stably transduced to express the mitochondrial-targeted Stat3 gene in its wild-type or Ser727 mutated forms. Our results show that cell proliferation is enhanced in mitoStat3-transduced cells under both non-stressed and stressed conditions. Once irradiated with UVC, cells expressing wild-type mitoSTAT3 showed the highest cell survival, which was associated with a significant decrease in cell death. Low levels of oxidative stress were detected in UVC-irradiated NIH-3T3 cells expressing mitoSTAT3 wild-type or serine-related dominant active form (Ser727D), confirming a role of mitochondrial STAT3 in minimizing oxidant cellular stress that provides an advantage for cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Maddalena Mognato
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy; (A.Z.); (G.M.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (F.A.)
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Zhao L, Zhang G, Tang A, Huang B, Mi D. Microgravity alters the expressions of DNA repair genes and their regulatory miRNAs in space-flown Caenorhabditis elegans. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2023; 37:25-38. [PMID: 37087176 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
During spaceflight, multiple unique hazardous factors, particularly microgravity and space radiation, can induce different types of DNA damage, which pose a constant threat to genomic integrity and stability of living organisms. Although organisms have evolved different kinds of conserved DNA repair pathways to eliminate this DNA damage on Earth, the impact of space microgravity on the expressions of these DNA repair genes and their regulatory miRNAs has not been fully explored. In this study, we integrated all existing datasets, including both transcriptional and miRNA microarrays in wild-type (WT) Caenorhabditis elegans that were exposed to the treatments of spaceflight (SF), spaceflight control with a 1g centrifugal device (SC), and ground control (GC) in three space experiments with the periods of 4, 8 and 16.5 days. The results of principal component analysis showed the gene expression patterns for five major DNA repair pathways (i.e., non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), homologous recombination (HR), mismatch repair (MMR), nucleotide excision repair (NER), and base excision repair (BER)) were well separated and clustered between SF/GC and SC/GC treatments after three spaceflights. In the 16.5-days space experiment, we also selected the datasets of dys-1 mutant and ced-1 mutant of C. elegans, which respectively presented microgravity-insensitivity and radiosensitivity. Compared to the WT C. elegans flown in the 16.5-days spaceflight, the separation distances between SF and SC samples were significantly reduced in the dys-1 mutant, while greatly enhanced in the ced-1 mutant for five DNA repair pathways. By comparing the results of differential expression analysis in SF/GC versus SC/GC samples, we found the DNA repair genes annotated in the pathways of BER and NER were prominently down-regulated under microgravity during both the 4- and 8-days spaceflights. While, under microgravity, the genes annotated in MMR were dominatingly up-regulated during the 4-days spaceflight, and those annotated in HR were mainly up-regulated during the 8-days spaceflight. And, most of the DNA repair genes annotated in the pathways of BER, NER, MMR, and HR were up-regulated under microgravity during the 16.5-days spaceflight. Using miRNA-mRNA integrated analysis, we determined the regulatory networks of differentially expressed DNA repair genes and their regulatory miRNAs in WT C. elegans after three spaceflights. Compared to GC conditions, the differentially expressed miRNAs were analyzed under SF and SC treatments of three spaceflights, and some altered miRNAs that responded to SF and SC could regulate the expressions of corresponding DNA repair genes annotated in different DNA repair pathways. In summary, these findings indicate that microgravity can significantly alter the expression patterns of DNA repair genes and their regulatory miRNAs in space-flown C. elegans. The alterations of the expressions of DNA repair genes and the dominating DNA repair pathways under microgravity are possibly related to the spaceflight period. In addition, the key miRNAs are identified as the post-transcriptional regulators to regulate the expressions of various DNA repair genes under microgravity. These altered miRNAs that responded to microgravity can be implicated in regulating diverse DNA repair processes in space-flown C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, Liaoning, China.
| | - Ge Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, Liaoning, China
| | - Aiping Tang
- College of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, Liaoning, China
| | - Baohang Huang
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, Liaoning, China
| | - Dong Mi
- College of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, Liaoning, China
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A 5-Pathway Signature Predicts Prognosis Based on Immune-Derived lncRNAs in Patients with Breast Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:2906049. [PMID: 36545126 PMCID: PMC9763012 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2906049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Currently, predictive models were not developed based on the signaling pathway signatures of immune-related lncRNAs in breast cancer (BRCA) patients. Methods We selected unsupervised hierarchical clustering algorithm to classify patients with BRCA based on the significant immune-derived lncRNAs from the TCGA dataset. And different methods including ESTIMATE, ImmuneCellAI, and CIBERSORT were performed to evaluate the immune infiltration of tumor microenvironment. Using Lasso regression algorithm, we filtered the significant signaling pathways enriched by GSEA, GSVA, or PPI analysis to develop a prognostic model. And a nomogram integrated with clinical factors and significant pathways was constructed to predict the precise probability of overall survival (OS) of BRCA patients in the TCGA dataset (n = 1,098) and another two testing sets (n = 415). Results BRCA patients were stratified into the PC (n = 571) and GC (n = 527) subgroup with significantly different prognosis with 550 immune-related lncRNAs in the TCGA dataset. Integrated analysis revealed different immune response, oncogenic signaling, and metabolic reprograming pathways between these two subgroups. And a 5-pathway signature could predict the prognosis of BRCA patients between these two subgroups independently in the TCGA dataset, which was confirmed in another two cohorts from the GEO dataset. In the TCGA dataset, 5-year OS rate was 78% (95% CI: 73-84) vs. 82% (95% CI: 77-87) for the PC and GC group (HR = 1.63 (95% CI: 1.17-2.28), p = 0.004). The predictive power was similar in another two testing sets (HR > 1.20, p < 0.01). Finally, a nomogram is developed for clinical application, which integrated this signature and age to accurately predict the survival probability in BRCA patients. Conclusion This 5-pathway signature correlated with immune-derived lncRNAs was able to precisely predict the prognosis for patients with BRCA and provided a rich source characterizing immune-related lncRNAs and further informed strategies to target BRCA vulnerabilities.
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Xu Y, Pei W, Hu W. A Current Overview of the Biological Effects of Combined Space Environmental Factors in Mammals. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:861006. [PMID: 35493084 PMCID: PMC9039719 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.861006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Distinct from Earth’s environment, space environmental factors mainly include space radiation, microgravity, hypomagnetic field, and disrupted light/dark cycles that cause physiological changes in astronauts. Numerous studies have demonstrated that space environmental factors can lead to muscle atrophy, bone loss, carcinogenesis, immune disorders, vascular function and cognitive impairment. Most current ground-based studies focused on single environmental factor biological effects. To promote manned space exploration, a better understanding of the biological effects of the spaceflight environment is necessary. This paper summarizes the latest research progress of the combined biological effects of double or multiple space environmental factors on mammalian cells, and discusses their possible molecular mechanisms, with the hope of providing a scientific theoretical basis to develop appropriate countermeasures for astronauts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Weiwei Pei, ; Wentao Hu,
| | - Wentao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Weiwei Pei, ; Wentao Hu,
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Jia M, Wang Z. MicroRNAs as Biomarkers for Ionizing Radiation Injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:861451. [PMID: 35309926 PMCID: PMC8927810 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.861451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Accidental radiation exposures such as industrial accidents and nuclear catastrophes pose a threat to human health, and the potential or substantial injury caused by ionizing radiation (IR) from medical treatment that cannot be ignored. Although the mechanisms of IR-induced damage to various organs have been gradually investigated, medical treatment of irradiated individuals is still based on clinical symptoms. Hence, minimally invasive biomarkers that can predict radiation damage are urgently needed for appropriate medical management after radiation exposure. In the field of radiation biomarker, finding molecular biomarkers to assess different levels of radiation damage is an important direction. In recent years, microRNAs have been widely reported as several diseases’ biomarkers, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases, and microRNAs are also of interest to the ionizing radiation field as radiation response molecules, thus researchers are turning attention to the potential of microRNAs as biomarkers in tumor radiation response and the radiation toxicity prediction of normal tissues. In this review, we summarize the distribution of microRNAs, the progress on research of microRNAs as markers of IR, and make a hypothesis about the origin and destination of microRNAs in vivo after IR.
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Gaines D, Nestorova GG. Extracellular vesicles-derived microRNAs expression as biomarkers for neurological radiation injury: Risk assessment for space exploration. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2022; 32:54-62. [PMID: 35065761 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Space missions pose threats to the health of the astronauts due to long-term exposure to galactic cosmic rays and solar particle events comprised predominantly of medium to high energy protons, energetic helium ions, and energetic high atomic number particles (HZEs). While the tissue-specific effects of radiation have been studied extensively, the changes in exosomal miRNA expression levels in response to acute radiation exposure have not been assessed. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) originate from the host cells and contain nucleic acid and proteins that can modify the physiology of the receiving cells via the transfer of genomic, proteomic, and lipids cargo. Detection and analysis of miRNA cargo of circulating EVs is an emerging method for non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of neurological disorders. This study characterizes the EV-derived miRNA expression profiles of human astrocytes to identify those that are altered after treatment with 3 Gy proton radiation as biomarkers of neurological radiation injury. The relationship between radiation and miRNA extracellular vesicles expression levels was investigated in human astrocytes after treatment with 3 Gy proton radiation at Willis-Knighton Cancer Center. Microarray analysis was performed using miRNA from the EVs enriched fraction in the cell culture medium collected from sham-control and radiation-treated cells. The exosomal levels of 13 miRNAs were significantly (FDR p < 0.05) down-regulated after exposure to high-energy radiation. The computational analysis identified hsa-miR-762, hsa-let-7c-5p, and has-let-7b-5p regulate the highest number of genes being associated with cognitive, mental, and motor delay. These miRNAs target the same subset of genes (Amd1, CCNF, COX6B, PLXND1) that are associated with epileptic encephalopathy; frontotemporal dementia; mitochondrial complex iv deficiency, and a rare neurological condition (Moebius syndrome) respectively. GO enrichment analysis of the biological processes identified overrepresentation in mRNA polyadenylation and regulation of glutamine and long fatty acids transport. Gene expression analysis confirmed the upregulation of the glutamine synthetase after irradiation. Significant fold enrichment of GO l-glutamine transmembrane transporter activity was identified in the molecular function category as well indicating exosome-mediated regulation of this important pathway after proton radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deriesha Gaines
- Molecular Sciences and Nanotechnology, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, United States
| | - Gergana G Nestorova
- School of Biological Sciences, Nestorova University School of Biological Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, 1 Adams Blvd, Ruston, LA 71272, United States
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Cortés-Sánchez JL, Callant J, Krüger M, Sahana J, Kraus A, Baselet B, Infanger M, Baatout S, Grimm D. Cancer Studies under Space Conditions: Finding Answers Abroad. Biomedicines 2021; 10:biomedicines10010025. [PMID: 35052703 PMCID: PMC8773191 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review article, we discuss the current state of knowledge in cancer research under real and simulated microgravity conditions and point out further research directions in this field. Outer space is an extremely hostile environment for human life, with radiation, microgravity, and vacuum posing significant hazards. Although the risk for cancer in astronauts is not clear, microgravity plays a thought-provoking role in the carcinogenesis of normal and cancer cells, causing such effects as multicellular spheroid formation, cytoskeleton rearrangement, alteration of gene expression and protein synthesis, and apoptosis. Furthermore, deleterious effects of radiation on cells seem to be accentuated under microgravity. Ground-based facilities have been used to study microgravity effects in addition to laborious experiments during parabolic flights or on space stations. Some potential 'gravisensors' have already been detected, and further identification of these mechanisms of mechanosensitivity could open up ways for therapeutic influence on cancer growth and apoptosis. These novel findings may help to find new effective cancer treatments and to provide health protection for humans on future long-term spaceflights and exploration of outer space.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Cortés-Sánchez
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (J.L.C.-S.); (M.K.); (A.K.); (M.I.)
| | - Jonas Callant
- Radiobiology Unit, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium; (J.C.); (B.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (J.L.C.-S.); (M.K.); (A.K.); (M.I.)
- Research Group ‘Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt-und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen’ (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jayashree Sahana
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Armin Kraus
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (J.L.C.-S.); (M.K.); (A.K.); (M.I.)
- Research Group ‘Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt-und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen’ (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Bjorn Baselet
- Radiobiology Unit, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium; (J.C.); (B.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Manfred Infanger
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (J.L.C.-S.); (M.K.); (A.K.); (M.I.)
- Research Group ‘Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt-und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen’ (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium; (J.C.); (B.B.); (S.B.)
- Department Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniela Grimm
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (J.L.C.-S.); (M.K.); (A.K.); (M.I.)
- Research Group ‘Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt-und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen’ (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-21379702
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Beheshti A, McDonald JT, Hada M, Takahashi A, Mason CE, Mognato M. Genomic Changes Driven by Radiation-Induced DNA Damage and Microgravity in Human Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910507. [PMID: 34638848 PMCID: PMC8508777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The space environment consists of a complex mixture of different types of ionizing radiation and altered gravity that represents a threat to humans during space missions. In particular, individual radiation sensitivity is strictly related to the risk of space radiation carcinogenesis. Therefore, in view of future missions to the Moon and Mars, there is an urgent need to estimate as accurately as possible the individual risk from space exposure to improve the safety of space exploration. In this review, we survey the combined effects from the two main physical components of the space environment, ionizing radiation and microgravity, to alter the genetics and epigenetics of human cells, considering both real and simulated space conditions. Data collected from studies on human cells are discussed for their potential use to estimate individual radiation carcinogenesis risk from space exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Beheshti
- KBR, NASA Ames Research Center, Space Biosciences Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Correspondence: or (A.B.); (M.M.)
| | - J. Tyson McDonald
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20007, USA;
| | - Megumi Hada
- Radiation Institute for Science & Engineering, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA;
| | - Akihisa Takahashi
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan;
| | - Christopher E. Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
- The World Quant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Maddalena Mognato
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: or (A.B.); (M.M.)
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13
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Mehner C, Krishnan S, Chou J, Freeman ML, Freeman WD, Patel T, Turnbull MT. Real versus simulated galactic cosmic radiation for investigating cancer risk in the hematopoietic system - are we comparing apples to apples? LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2021; 29:8-14. [PMID: 33888292 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Deep space exploration missions need strategies to mitigate the potentially harmful exposure to galactic cosmic radiation. This form of radiation can cause significant damage to biological systems and organisms, which include radiation-induced carcinogenesis in the hematopoietic system. Ongoing studies investigate these effects using cell- and animal-based studies in low earth orbit. The logistic challenges and costs involved with sending biological specimens to space have prompted the development of surrogate ground-based radiation experiments to study the mechanisms of biological injury and cancer risk. However, simulating galactic cosmic radiation has proven difficult and current studies are only partially succeeding at replicating the complexity of this radiation and its downstream injury pathways. Accurate simulation of chronic, low dose galactic radiation will improve our ability to test mitigation strategies such as drug development and improved shielding materials that could be crucial and essential for successful space exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Mehner
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, FL, United States
| | - Sunil Krishnan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, FL, United States
| | - Joshua Chou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - William D Freeman
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, FL, United States; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, FL, United States; Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, FL, United States
| | - Tushar Patel
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, FL, United States; Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, FL, United States.
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14
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Peng Q, Weng K, Li S, Xu R, Wang Y, Wu Y. A Perspective of Epigenetic Regulation in Radiotherapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:624312. [PMID: 33681204 PMCID: PMC7930394 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.624312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) has been employed as a tumoricidal modality for more than 100 years and on 470,000 patients each year in the United States. The ionizing radiation causes genetic changes and results in cell death. However, since the biological mechanism of radiation remains unclear, there is a pressing need to understand this mechanism to improve the killing effect on tumors and reduce the side effects on normal cells. DNA break and epigenetic remodeling can be induced by radiotherapy. Hence the modulation of histone modification enzymes may tune the radiosensitivity of cancer cells. For instance, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors sensitize irradiated cancer cells by amplifying the DNA damage signaling and inhibiting double-strand DNA break repair to influence the irradiated cells’ survival. However, the combination of epigenetic drugs and radiotherapy has only been evaluated in several ongoing clinical trials for limited cancer types, partly due to a lack of knowledge on the potential mechanisms on how radiation induces epigenetic regulation and chromatin remodeling. Here, we review recent advances of radiotherapy and radiotherapy-induced epigenetic remodeling and introduce related technologies for epigenetic monitoring. Particularly, we exploit the application of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensors to visualize dynamic epigenetic regulations in single living cells and tissue upon radiotherapy and drug treatment. We aim to bridge FRET biosensor, epigenetics, and radiotherapy, providing a perspective of using FRET to assess epigenetics and provide guidance for radiotherapy to improve cancer treatment. In the end, we discuss the feasibility of a combination of epigenetic drugs and radiotherapy as new approaches for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Peng
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Kegui Weng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Shitian Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Richard Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Yingxiao Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Yongzhong Wu
- Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
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15
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Willey JS, Britten RA, Blaber E, Tahimic CG, Chancellor J, Mortreux M, Sanford LD, Kubik AJ, Delp MD, Mao XW. The individual and combined effects of spaceflight radiation and microgravity on biologic systems and functional outcomes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2021; 39:129-179. [PMID: 33902391 PMCID: PMC8274610 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2021.1885283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Both microgravity and radiation exposure in the spaceflight environment have been identified as hazards to astronaut health and performance. Substantial study has been focused on understanding the biology and risks associated with prolonged exposure to microgravity, and the hazards presented by radiation from galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and solar particle events (SPEs) outside of low earth orbit (LEO). To date, the majority of the ground-based analogues (e.g., rodent or cell culture studies) that investigate the biology of and risks associated with spaceflight hazards will focus on an individual hazard in isolation. However, astronauts will face these challenges simultaneously Combined hazard studies are necessary for understanding the risks astronauts face as they travel outside of LEO, and are also critical for countermeasure development. The focus of this review is to describe biologic and functional outcomes from ground-based analogue models for microgravity and radiation, specifically highlighting the combined effects of radiation and reduced weight-bearing from rodent ground-based tail suspension via hind limb unloading (HLU) and partial weight-bearing (PWB) models, although in vitro and spaceflight results are discussed as appropriate. The review focuses on the skeletal, ocular, central nervous system (CNS), cardiovascular, and stem cells responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elizabeth Blaber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
| | | | | | - Marie Mortreux
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
| | - Larry D. Sanford
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eastern Virginia Medical School
| | - Angela J. Kubik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
| | - Michael D. Delp
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University
| | - Xiao Wen Mao
- Division of Biomedical Engineering Sciences (BMES), Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University
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16
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Pan YK, Li CF, Gao Y, Wang YC, Sun XQ. Effect of miR-27b-5p on apoptosis of human vascular endothelial cells induced by simulated microgravity. Apoptosis 2020; 25:73-91. [PMID: 31768842 PMCID: PMC6965346 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-019-01580-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Weightlessness-induced cardiovascular dysfunction can lead to physiological and pathological consequences. It has been shown that spaceflight or simulated microgravity can alter expression profiles of some microRNAs (miRNAs). Here, we attempt to identify the role of miRNAs in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) apoptosis under simulated microgravity. RNA-sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assays were used to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in HUVECs under simulated microgravity. Then we obtained the target genes of these miRNAs through target analysis software. Moreover, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed. The effects of these miRNAs on HUVECs apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry, Western blot and Hoechst staining. Furthermore, we obtained the target gene of miR-27b-5p by luciferase assay, qRT-PCR and Western blot. Finally, we investigated the relationship between this target gene and miR-27b-5p in HUVECs apoptosis under normal gravity or simulated microgravity. We found 29 differentially expressed miRNAs in HUVECs under simulated microgravity. Of them, the expressions of 3 miRNAs were validated by qRT-PCR. We demonstrated that miR-27b-5p affected HUVECs apoptosis by inhibiting zinc fingers and homeoboxes 1 (ZHX1). Our results reported here demonstrate for the first time that simulated microgravity can alter the expression of some miRNAs in HUVECs and miR-27b-5p may protect HUVECs from apoptosis under simulated microgravity by targeting ZHX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Kai Pan
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Chang Le Xi Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cheng-Fei Li
- Key Lab of Aerospace Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Chang Le Xi Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong-Chun Wang
- Key Lab of Aerospace Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xi-Qing Sun
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Chang Le Xi Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
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17
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Takahashi A, Yamanouchi S, Takeuchi K, Takahashi S, Tashiro M, Hidema J, Higashitani A, Adachi T, Zhang S, Guirguis FNL, Yoshida Y, Nagamatsu A, Hada M, Takeuchi K, Takahashi T, Sekitomi Y. Combined Environment Simulator for Low-Dose-Rate Radiation and Partial Gravity of Moon and Mars. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10110274. [PMID: 33172150 PMCID: PMC7694743 DOI: 10.3390/life10110274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep space exploration by humans has become more realistic, with planned returns to the Moon, travel to Mars, and beyond. Space radiation with a low dose rate would be a constant risk for space travelers. The combined effects of space radiation and partial gravity such as on the Moon and Mars are unknown. The difficulty for such research is that there are no good simulating systems on the ground to investigate these combined effects. To address this knowledge gap, we developed the Simulator of the environments on the Moon and Mars with Neutron irradiation and Gravity change (SwiNG) for in vitro experiments using disposable closed cell culture chambers. The device simulates partial gravity using a centrifuge in a three-dimensional clinostat. Six samples are exposed at once to neutrons at a low dose rate (1 mGy/day) using Californium-252 in the center of the centrifuge. The system is compact including two SwiNG devices in the incubator, one with and one without radiation source, with a cooling function. This simulator is highly convenient for ground-based biological experiments because of limited access to spaceflight experiments. SwiNG can contribute significantly to research on the combined effects of space radiation and partial gravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihisa Takahashi
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan; (S.Y.); (M.T.); (T.A.); (S.Z.); (F.N.L.G.); (Y.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-27-220-7917
| | - Sakuya Yamanouchi
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan; (S.Y.); (M.T.); (T.A.); (S.Z.); (F.N.L.G.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Kazuomi Takeuchi
- Matsuo Industries, Inc., 27-1, Ida, Kitasaki-machi, Obu, Aichi 474-0001, Japan; (K.T.); (S.T.); (K.T.); (T.T.); (Y.S.)
| | - Shogo Takahashi
- Matsuo Industries, Inc., 27-1, Ida, Kitasaki-machi, Obu, Aichi 474-0001, Japan; (K.T.); (S.T.); (K.T.); (T.T.); (Y.S.)
| | - Mutsumi Tashiro
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan; (S.Y.); (M.T.); (T.A.); (S.Z.); (F.N.L.G.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Jun Hidema
- Division for the Establishment of Frontier Sciences of the Organization for Advanced Studies, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan;
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan;
| | - Atsushi Higashitani
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan;
| | - Takuya Adachi
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan; (S.Y.); (M.T.); (T.A.); (S.Z.); (F.N.L.G.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Shenke Zhang
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan; (S.Y.); (M.T.); (T.A.); (S.Z.); (F.N.L.G.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Fady Nagy Lotfy Guirguis
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan; (S.Y.); (M.T.); (T.A.); (S.Z.); (F.N.L.G.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yukari Yoshida
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan; (S.Y.); (M.T.); (T.A.); (S.Z.); (F.N.L.G.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Aiko Nagamatsu
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba Space Center, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan;
| | - Megumi Hada
- Radiation Institute for Science & Engineering, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA;
| | - Kunihito Takeuchi
- Matsuo Industries, Inc., 27-1, Ida, Kitasaki-machi, Obu, Aichi 474-0001, Japan; (K.T.); (S.T.); (K.T.); (T.T.); (Y.S.)
| | - Tohru Takahashi
- Matsuo Industries, Inc., 27-1, Ida, Kitasaki-machi, Obu, Aichi 474-0001, Japan; (K.T.); (S.T.); (K.T.); (T.T.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yuji Sekitomi
- Matsuo Industries, Inc., 27-1, Ida, Kitasaki-machi, Obu, Aichi 474-0001, Japan; (K.T.); (S.T.); (K.T.); (T.T.); (Y.S.)
- Material Solutions Center, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
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18
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Additive effects of simulated microgravity and ionizing radiation in cell death, induction of ROS and expression of RAC2 in human bronchial epithelial cells. NPJ Microgravity 2020; 6:34. [PMID: 33298974 PMCID: PMC7645497 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-020-00123-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation and microgravity are undoubtedly two major factors in space environment that pose a health threat to astronauts. However, the mechanistic study of their interactive biological effects is lacking. In this study, human lung bronchial epithelial Beas-2B cells were used to study the regulation of radiobiological effects by simulated microgravity (using a three-dimensional clinostat). It was found that simulated microgravity together with radiation induced drop of survival fraction, proliferation inhibition, apoptosis, and DNA double-strand break formation of Beas-2B cells additively. They also additively induced Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 (RAC2) upregulation, leading to increased NADPH oxidase activity and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) yield. The findings indicated that simulated microgravity and ionizing radiation presented an additive effect on cell death of human bronchial epithelial cells, which was mediated by RAC2 to some extent. The study provides a new perspective for the better understanding of the compound biological effects of the space environmental factors.
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Ge C, Su F, Fu H, Wang Y, Tian B, Liu B, Zhu J, Ding Y, Zheng X. RNA Profiling Reveals a Common Mechanism of Histone Gene Downregulation and Complementary Effects for Radioprotectants in Response to Ionizing Radiation. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820968433. [PMID: 33117095 PMCID: PMC7573744 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820968433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
High-dose ionizing radiation (IR) alters the expression levels of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). However, the roles of ncRNAs and mRNAs in mediating radiation protection by radioprotectants remain unknown. Microarrays were used to determine microRNA (miRNA), long ncRNA (lncRNA), and mRNA expression profiles in the bone marrow of irradiated mice pretreated with amifostine, CBLB502, and nilestriol. Differentially expressed mRNAs were functionally annotated by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses. Some histone cluster genes were validated by real-time PCR, and the effects of radioprotectant combinations were monitored by survival analysis. We found that these radioprotectants increased the induction of lncRNAs and mRNAs. miRNA, lncRNA, and mRNA expression patterns were similar with amifostine and CBLB502, but not nilestriol. The radioprotectants exhibited mostly opposite effects against IR-induced miRNAs, lncRNAs, and mRNAs while inducing a common histone gene downregulation following IR, mainly via nucleosome assembly and related signaling pathways. Notably, the effects of nilestriol significantly complemented those of amisfostine or CBLB502; low-dose drug combinations resulted in better radioprotective effects in pretreated mice. Thus, we present histone gene downregulation by radioprotectants, together with the biological functions of miRNA, lncRNA, and mRNA, to explain the mechanism underlying radioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhui Ge
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Su
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hanjiang Fu
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Baolei Tian
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Ding
- 5th Medical Center, The General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Zheng
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
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Yan Y, Zhang K, Zhou G, Hu W. MicroRNAs Responding to Space Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186603. [PMID: 32917057 PMCID: PMC7555309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High-energy and high-atom-number (HZE) space radiation poses an inevitable potential threat to astronauts on deep space exploration missions. Compared with low-LET radiation, high-energy and high-LET radiation in space is more efficient in inducing clustered DNA damage with more serious biological consequences, such as carcinogenesis, central nervous system injury and degenerative disease. Space radiation also causes epigenetic changes in addition to inducing damage at the DNA level. Considering the important roles of microRNAs in the regulation of biological responses of radiation, we systematically reviewed both expression profiling and functional studies relating to microRNAs responding to space radiation as well as to space compound environment. Finally, the directions for improvement of the research related to microRNAs responding to space radiation are proposed. A better understanding of the functions and underlying mechanisms of the microRNAs responding to space radiation is of significance to both space radiation risk assessment and therapy development for lesions caused by space radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guangming Zhou
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (W.H.); Tel.: +86-512-65884829 (G.Z.); +86-512-65882451 (W.H.)
| | - Wentao Hu
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (W.H.); Tel.: +86-512-65884829 (G.Z.); +86-512-65882451 (W.H.)
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21
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Sun C, Zeng X, Guo H, Wang T, Wei L, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Ma X, Zhang N. MicroRNA-125a-5p modulates radioresistance in LTEP-a2 non-small cell lung cancer cells by targeting SIRT7. Cancer Biomark 2020; 27:39-49. [PMID: 31683458 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-190381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Micro(mi)RNAs are a series of 20-24 nt non-coding small-molecule single-stranded RNAs that are believed to be closely related to tumor occurrence, development and other biological processes. MicroRNA-125a modulates radiochemotherapy sensitivity. However, the mechanism by which miRNA-125a regulates radiation resistance by lung cancer cells is yet to be elucidated. OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to explore the biological role of miR-125a in regulating radioresistance in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). METHODS AND RESULTS The expression of miR-125a was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR in the human lung cancer cell lines, A549 and LTEP-a2. Notably, we found that miRNA-125a-5p regulated lung cancer radiosensitivity. We found that miRNA-125a-5p was more highly expressed in LTEP-a2 cells, which showed radiosensitivity compared to A549 cells with lower expression of miRNA-125a-5p. In addition, we up-regulated or down-regulated miR-125a-5p expression using an miR-125a-5p mimic or inhibitor, respectively, to reverse radioresistance. Flow cytometry revealed that the mimic increased the apoptotic rate as well as the expression of the apoptosis-related protein, cleaved poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). Gene detection by luciferase reporter showed that sirtuin (SIRT)7 is a direct target of miR-125a-5p. Inhibiting SIRT7 using a small interfering RNA (siSIRT) abrogated resistance to radiation. In addition, the overexpression of SIRT7 decreased radiation-induced cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that the miR-125a level varies in NSCLC cell lines with different radiosensitivities. We demonstrated that miR-125a-5p upregulated SIRT7 and further upregulated apoptosis in lung cancer cells to increase their radiosensitivity. Our findings provide new directions for improving radiosensitivity in malignant lung tumors.
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22
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Furukawa S, Nagamatsu A, Nenoi M, Fujimori A, Kakinuma S, Katsube T, Wang B, Tsuruoka C, Shirai T, Nakamura AJ, Sakaue-Sawano A, Miyawaki A, Harada H, Kobayashi M, Kobayashi J, Kunieda T, Funayama T, Suzuki M, Miyamoto T, Hidema J, Yoshida Y, Takahashi A. Space Radiation Biology for "Living in Space". BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4703286. [PMID: 32337251 PMCID: PMC7168699 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4703286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Space travel has advanced significantly over the last six decades with astronauts spending up to 6 months at the International Space Station. Nonetheless, the living environment while in outer space is extremely challenging to astronauts. In particular, exposure to space radiation represents a serious potential long-term threat to the health of astronauts because the amount of radiation exposure accumulates during their time in space. Therefore, health risks associated with exposure to space radiation are an important topic in space travel, and characterizing space radiation in detail is essential for improving the safety of space missions. In the first part of this review, we provide an overview of the space radiation environment and briefly present current and future endeavors that monitor different space radiation environments. We then present research evaluating adverse biological effects caused by exposure to various space radiation environments and how these can be reduced. We especially consider the deleterious effects on cellular DNA and how cells activate DNA repair mechanisms. The latest technologies being developed, e.g., a fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator, to measure real-time cell cycle progression and DNA damage caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation are presented. Progress in examining the combined effects of microgravity and radiation to animals and plants are summarized, and our current understanding of the relationship between psychological stress and radiation is presented. Finally, we provide details about protective agents and the study of organisms that are highly resistant to radiation and how their biological mechanisms may aid developing novel technologies that alleviate biological damage caused by radiation. Future research that furthers our understanding of the effects of space radiation on human health will facilitate risk-mitigating strategies to enable long-term space and planetary exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Furukawa
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
| | - Aiko Nagamatsu
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Nenoi
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Akira Fujimori
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kakinuma
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Takanori Katsube
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Bing Wang
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Chizuru Tsuruoka
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shirai
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Asako J. Nakamura
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1, Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
| | - Asako Sakaue-Sawano
- Lab for Cell Function and Dynamics, CBS, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyawaki
- Lab for Cell Function and Dynamics, CBS, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Harada
- Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Minoru Kobayashi
- Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Junya Kobayashi
- Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takekazu Kunieda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomoo Funayama
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, QST, 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Michiyo Suzuki
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, QST, 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Miyamoto
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Jun Hidema
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
- Division for the Establishment of Frontier Sciences of the Organization for Advanced Studies, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yukari Yoshida
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Akihisa Takahashi
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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Chiba M, Uehara H, Niiyama I, Kuwata H, Monzen S. Changes in miRNA expressions in the injured small intestine of mice following high‑dose radiation exposure. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:2452-2458. [PMID: 32323814 PMCID: PMC7185298 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The small intestine is one of the most highly regenerative and radiosensitive tissues in mammals, including humans. Exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation causes serious intestinal damage. Recently, several investigations have been conducted using radioprotective agents to determine ways for reducing intestinal damage caused by radiation exposure. However, a thorough understanding of functional changes occurring in the small intestine of mice exposed to high-dose radiation is necessary for developing novel and more potent radioprotective agents. In this study, we examined changes in microRNA (miRNA/miR) expressions in the small intestine of mice at 72 h after X-ray exposure (10 Gy). We identified seven upregulated miRNAs and six downregulated miRNAs in the small intestine of mice following radiation exposure using miRNA microarray analysis. Particularly, miR-34a-5p was highly expressed, which was confirmed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Forkhead box P1 (Foxp1) was predicted to be a target of the mRNA of miR-34a-5p using OmicsNet. Decreased Foxp1 expression in the small intestine following radiation exposure was confirmed, suggesting that Foxp1 expression recovery may induce the suppression of radiation-induced enteritis. Therefore, miR-34a-5p is a potential target molecule for developing novel radioprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Chiba
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036‑8564, Japan
| | - Haruka Uehara
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036‑8564, Japan
| | - Ikumi Niiyama
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036‑8564, Japan
| | - Haruka Kuwata
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036‑8564, Japan
| | - Satoru Monzen
- Department of Radiation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036‑8564, Japan
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Fu H, Su F, Zhu J, Zheng X, Ge C. Effect of simulated microgravity and ionizing radiation on expression profiles of miRNA, lncRNA, and mRNA in human lymphoblastoid cells. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2020; 24:1-8. [PMID: 31987473 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In space, multiple unique environmental factors, particularly microgravity and space radiation, pose a constant threat to astronaut health. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are functional RNAs that play critical roles in regulating multiple cellular processes. To gain insight into the role of non-coding RNAs in response to radiation and microgravity, we analyzed RNA expression profiles in human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells incubated for 24 h under static or rotating conditions to stimulate microgravity in space, after 2-Gy γ-ray irradiation. The expression of 14 lncRNAs and 17 mRNAs (differentially-expressed genes, DEGs) was found to be significantly downregulated under simulated microgravity conditions. In contrast, irradiation upregulated 55 lncRNAs and 56 DEGs, whereas only one lncRNA, but no DEGs, was downregulated. Furthermore, two miRNAs, 70 lncRNAs, and 87 DEGs showed significantly altered expression in response to simulated microgravity after irradiation, and these changes were independently induced by irradiation and simulated microgravity. GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analyses indicated that the associated target genes showed similar patterns to the noncoding RNAs and were suggested to be involved in the immune/inflammatory response including LPS/TLR, TNF, and NF-κB signaling pathways. However, synergistic effects on RNA expression and cellular responses were also observed with a combination of simulated microgravity and irradiation based on microarray and RT-PCR analysis. Together, our results indicate that simulated microgravity and irradiation additively alter expression patterns but synergistically modulate the expression levels of RNAs and their target genes in human lymphoblastoid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjiang Fu
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, #27 Taiping Rd. Haidian Dist., Beijing 100850, China
| | - Fei Su
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, #27 Taiping Rd. Haidian Dist., Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, #27 Taiping Rd. Haidian Dist., Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiaofei Zheng
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, #27 Taiping Rd. Haidian Dist., Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Changhui Ge
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, #27 Taiping Rd. Haidian Dist., Beijing 100850, China.
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Palumbo E, Piotto C, Calura E, Fasanaro E, Groff E, Busato F, El Khouzai B, Rigo M, Baggio L, Romualdi C, Zafiropoulos D, Russo A, Mognato M, Corti L. Individual Radiosensitivity in Oncological Patients: Linking Adverse Normal Tissue Reactions and Genetic Features. Front Oncol 2019; 9:987. [PMID: 31632918 PMCID: PMC6779824 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Adverse effects of radiotherapy (RT) significantly affect patient's quality of life (QOL). The possibility to identify patient-related factors that are associated with individual radiosensitivity would optimize adjuvant RT treatment, limiting the severity of normal tissue reactions, and improving patient's QOL. In this study, we analyzed the relationships between genetic features and toxicity grading manifested by RT patients looking for possible biomarkers of individual radiosensitivity. Methods: Early radiation toxicity was evaluated on 143 oncological patients according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). An individual radiosensitivity (IRS) index defining four classes of radiosensitivity (highly radiosensitive, radiosensitive, normal, and radioresistant) was determined by a G2-chromosomal assay on ex vivo irradiated, patient-derived blood samples. The expression level of 15 radioresponsive genes has been measured by quantitative real-time PCR at 24 h after the first RT fraction, in blood samples of a subset of 57 patients, representing the four IRS classes. Results: By applying univariate and multivariate statistical analyses, we found that fatigue was significantly associated with IRS index. Interestingly, associations were detected between clinical radiation toxicity and gene expression (ATM, CDKN1A, FDXR, SESN1, XPC, ZMAT3, and BCL2/BAX ratio) and between IRS index and gene expression (BBC3, FDXR, GADD45A, and BCL2/BAX). Conclusions: In this prospective cohort study we found that associations exist between normal tissue reactions and genetic features in RT-treated patients. Overall, our findings can contribute to the identification of biological markers to predict RT toxicity in normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Palumbo
- Department of Radiotherapy, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Celeste Piotto
- Department of Radiotherapy, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Enrica Calura
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Fasanaro
- Department of Radiotherapy, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Groff
- Department of Radiotherapy, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Fabio Busato
- Department of Radiotherapy, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Badr El Khouzai
- Department of Radiotherapy, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Michele Rigo
- Department of Radiotherapy, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Baggio
- Department of Radiotherapy, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Demetre Zafiropoulos
- National Laboratories of Legnaro, Italian Institute of Nuclear Physics (LNL-INFN), Padua, Italy
| | - Antonella Russo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Corti
- Department of Radiotherapy, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
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26
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Expression Profile of Cell Cycle-Related Genes in Human Fibroblasts Exposed Simultaneously to Radiation and Simulated Microgravity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194791. [PMID: 31561588 PMCID: PMC6801845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple unique environmental factors such as space radiation and microgravity (μG) pose a serious threat to human gene stability during space travel. Recently, we reported that simultaneous exposure of human fibroblasts to simulated μG and radiation results in more chromosomal aberrations than in cells exposed to radiation alone. However, the mechanisms behind this remain unknown. The purpose of this study was thus to obtain comprehensive data on gene expression using a three-dimensional clinostat synchronized to a carbon (C)-ion or X-ray irradiation system. Human fibroblasts (1BR-hTERT) were maintained under standing or rotating conditions for 3 or 24 h after synchronized C-ion or X-ray irradiation at 1 Gy as part of a total culture time of 2 days. Among 57,773 genes analyzed with RNA sequencing, we focused particularly on the expression of 82 cell cycle-related genes after exposure to the radiation and simulated μG. The expression of cell cycle-suppressing genes (ABL1 and CDKN1A) decreased and that of cell cycle-promoting genes (CCNB1, CCND1, KPNA2, MCM4, MKI67, and STMN1) increased after C-ion irradiation under μG. The cell may pass through the G1/S and G2 checkpoints with DNA damage due to the combined effects of C-ions and μG, suggesting that increased genomic instability might occur in space.
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27
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Jiang W, Han X, Wang J, Wang L, Xu Z, Wei Q, Zhang W, Wang H. miR-22 enhances the radiosensitivity of small-cell lung cancer by targeting the WRNIP1. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:17650-17661. [PMID: 31190355 PMCID: PMC6771739 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive malignancy characterized by high cellular proliferation and early distant metastasis. Our study aimed to explore the effect of miR‐22‐3p (miR‐22, for short) on SCLC radiosensitivity and its molecular mechanisms. The expression level of miR‐22 was evaluated in a human normal lung epithelial cell line and a human SCLC cell line, and cell apoptosis and migration were detected. The expression of the miR‐22 direct target WRNIP1 mRNA and protein were explored. Five differentially expressed genes were detected. The miR‐22 expression in NCI‐H446 was significantly decreased, and miR‐22 overexpression significantly promoted cell apoptosis. miR‐22 overexpression could significantly inhibit the cell migration of SCLC cells, and miR‐22 had a negative regulatory effect on WRNIP1 mRNA and protein levels. KLK8 was downregulated, and the messenger RNA (mRNA) of four other genes (PC, SCUBE1, STC1, and GPM6A) was upregulated mRNA in cells overexpressing miR‐22, which was in accordance with the bioinformatics analysis. miR‐22 could enhance the radiosensitivity of SCLC by targeting WRNIP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Jiang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuemei Han
- Department of Respiration, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingrui Wang
- Tianjin Marvelbio Technology Co, Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zanmei Xu
- Tianjin Marvelbio Technology Co, Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiao Wei
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenpan Zhang
- Tianjin Marvelbio Technology Co, Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin, China
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28
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Muscle Atrophy Marker Expression Differs between Rotary Cell Culture System and Animal Studies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2042808. [PMID: 30906768 PMCID: PMC6398068 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2042808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Muscular atrophy, defined as the loss of muscle tissue, is a serious issue for immobilized patients on Earth and for humans during spaceflight, where microgravity prevents normal muscle loading. In vitro modeling is an important step in understanding atrophy mechanisms and testing countermeasures before animal trials. The most ideal environment for modeling must be empirically determined to best mimic known responses in vivo. To simulate microgravity conditions, murine C2C12 myoblasts were cultured in a rotary cell culture system (RCCS). Alginate encapsulation was compared against polystyrene microcarrier beads as a substrate for culturing these adherent muscle cells. Changes after culture under simulated microgravity were characterized by assessing mRNA expression of MuRF1, MAFbx, Caspase 3, Akt2, mTOR, Ankrd1, and Foxo3. Protein concentration of myosin heavy chain 4 (Myh4) was used as a differentiation marker. Cell morphology and substrate structure were evaluated with brightfield and fluorescent imaging. Differentiated C2C12 cells encapsulated in alginate had a significant increase in MuRF1 only following simulated microgravity culture and were morphologically dissimilar to normal cultured muscle tissue. On the other hand, C2C12 cells cultured on polystyrene microcarriers had significantly increased expression of MuRF1, Caspase 3, and Foxo3 and easily identifiable multinucleated myotubes. The extent of differentiation was higher in simulated microgravity and protein synthesis more active with increased Myh4, Akt2, and mTOR. The in vitro microcarrier model described herein significantly increases expression of several of the same atrophy markers as in vivo models. However, unlike animal models, MAFbx and Ankrd1 were not significantly increased and the fold change in MuRF1 and Foxo3 was lower than expected. Using a standard commercially available RCCS, the substrates and culture methods described only partially model changes in mRNAs associated with atrophy in vivo.
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29
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Yatagai F, Honma M, Dohmae N, Ishioka N. Biological effects of space environmental factors: A possible interaction between space radiation and microgravity. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2019; 20:113-123. [PMID: 30797428 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the mid-1980s, space experiments began to examine if microgravity could alter the biological effects of space radiation. In the late 1990s, repair of DNA strand breaks was reported to not be influenced by microgravity using the pre-irradiated cells, because the exposure doses of space radiation were few due to the short spaceflight. There were, however, conflicting reports depending on the biological endpoints used in various systems. While almost no attempts were made to assess the possibility that the microgravity effects could be altered by space radiation. This was probably due to the general understanding that microgravity plays a major role in space and works independently from space radiation. Recent ground-based simulation studies focusing on DNA oxidative damage and signal transduction suggested that combined effects of microgravity and space radiation might exist. These studies also implicated the importance of research focusing not only on chromosomal DNA but also on cytoplasm, especially mitochondria. Therefore, we propose a new model which accounts for the combined-effects through the window of cellular responses. In this model, the interactions between microgravity and space radiation might occur during the following cellular-responses; (A) damaging and signaling by ROS, (B) damage responses on DNA (repair, replication, transcription, etc.), and (C) expression of gene and protein (regulation by chromatin, epigenetic control, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Yatagai
- Institute of Astronautical Research, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Kanagawa 252-0022, Japan; Center for Sustainable Resource Science, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Masamitsu Honma
- Institute of Astronautical Research, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Kanagawa 252-0022, Japan; Division of Genetics and Mutagenesis, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Noriaki Ishioka
- Institute of Astronautical Research, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Kanagawa 252-0022, Japan; Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Kanagawa 252-0022, Japan
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30
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Capri M, Morsiani C, Santoro A, Moriggi M, Conte M, Martucci M, Bellavista E, Fabbri C, Giampieri E, Albracht K, Flück M, Ruoss S, Brocca L, Canepari M, Longa E, Di Giulio I, Bottinelli R, Cerretelli P, Salvioli S, Gelfi C, Franceschi C, Narici M, Rittweger J. Recovery from 6-month spaceflight at the International Space Station: muscle-related stress into a proinflammatory setting. FASEB J 2019; 33:5168-5180. [PMID: 30620616 PMCID: PMC6436655 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801625r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Sarcolab pilot study of 2 crewmembers, investigated before and after a 6-mo International Space Station mission, has demonstrated the substantial muscle wasting and weakness, along with disruption of muscle's oxidative metabolism. The present work aimed at evaluating the pro/anti-inflammatory status in the same 2 crewmembers (A, B). Blood circulating (c-)microRNAs (miRs), c-proteasome, c-mitochondrial DNA, and cytokines were assessed by real-time quantitative PCR or ELISA tests. Time series analysis was performed ( i.e., before flight and after landing) at 1 and 15 d of recovery (R+1 and R+15, respectively). C-biomarkers were compared with an age-matched control population and with 2-dimensional proteomic analysis of the 2 crewmembers' muscle biopsies. Striking differences were observed between the 2 crewmembers at R+1, in terms of inflamma-miRs (c-miRs-21-5p, -126-3p, and -146a-5p), muscle specific (myo)-miR-206, c-proteasome, and IL-6/leptin, thus making the 2 astronauts dissimilar to each other. Final recovery levels of c-proteasome, c-inflamma-miRs, and c-myo-miR-206 were not reverted to the baseline values in crewmember A. In both crewmembers, myo-miR-206 changed significantly after recovery. Muscle biopsy of astronaut A showed an impressive 80% increase of α-1-antitrypsin, a target of miR-126-3p. These results point to a strong stress response induced by spaceflight involving muscle tissue and the proinflammatory setting, where inflamma-miRs and myo-miR-206 mediate the systemic recovery phase after landing.-Capri, M., Morsiani, C., Santoro, A., Moriggi, M., Conte, M., Martucci, M., Bellavista, E., Fabbri, C., Giampieri, E., Albracht, K., Flück, M., Ruoss, S., Brocca, L., Canepari, M., Longa, E., Di Giulio, I., Bottinelli, R., Cerretelli, P., Salvioli, S., Gelfi, C., Franceschi, C., Narici, M., Rittweger, J. Recovery from 6-month spaceflight at the International Space Station: muscle-related stress into a proinflammatory setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Capri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Galvani Interdepartmental Center, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Morsiani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Galvani Interdepartmental Center, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Galvani Interdepartmental Center, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Moriggi
- National Research Council-Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (CNR-IBFM), Segrate, Milan, Italy.,Italian National Olympic Committee (CONI), Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Conte
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Galvani Interdepartmental Center, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Morena Martucci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Galvani Interdepartmental Center, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Bellavista
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Fabbri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Galvani Interdepartmental Center, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Giampieri
- Galvani Interdepartmental Center, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Kirsten Albracht
- Faculty of Medical Engineering and Technomathematics, FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Flück
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Severin Ruoss
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lorenza Brocca
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Monica Canepari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Longa
- Sport Medicine Center, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Irene Di Giulio
- Centre of Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Bottinelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Institute of Hospitalization and Scientific Care (IRCCS), Scientific Institute of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Cerretelli
- National Research Council-Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (CNR-IBFM), Segrate, Milan, Italy.,Italian National Olympic Committee (CONI), Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Galvani Interdepartmental Center, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cecilia Gelfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Institute of Information Technology, Mathematics, and Mechanics (ITMM), Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod-National Research University (UNN), Nizhny Novogoro, Russia
| | - Marco Narici
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Jörn Rittweger
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany; and.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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31
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Li AL, Chung TS, Chan YN, Chen CL, Lin SC, Chiang YR, Lin CH, Chen CC, Ma N. microRNA expression pattern as an ancillary prognostic signature for radiotherapy. J Transl Med 2018; 16:341. [PMID: 30518388 PMCID: PMC6282371 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1711-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In view of the limited knowledge of plasma biomarkers relating to cancer resistance to radiotherapy, we have set up screening, training and testing stages to investigate the microRNAs (miRNAs) expression profile in plasma to predict between the poor responsive and responsive groups after 6 months of radiotherapy. Methods Plasma was collected prior to and after radiotherapy, and the microRNA profiles were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) arrays. Candidate miRNAs were validated by single qRT-PCR assays from the training and testing set. The classifier for ancillary prognosis was developed by multiple logistic regression analysis to correlate the ratios of miRNAs expression levels with clinical data. Results We revealed that eight miRNAs expressions had significant changes after radiotherapy and the expression levels of miR-374a-5p, miR-342-5p and miR-519d-3p showed significant differences between the responsive and poor responsive groups in the pre-radiotherapy samples. The Kaplan–Meier curve analysis also showed that low miR-342-5p and miR-519d-3p expressions were associated with worse prognosis. Our results revealed two miRNA classifiers from the pre- and post-radiotherapy samples to predict radiotherapy response with area under curve values of 0.8923 and 0.9405. Conclusions The expression levels of miR-374a-5p, miR-342-5p and miR-519d-3p in plasma are associated with radiotherapy responses. Two miRNA classifiers could be developed as a potential non-invasive ancillary tool for predicting patient response to radiotherapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1711-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Lun Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tao-Sang Chung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Landseed Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Ning Chan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lung Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Nephrology, Landseed Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Lin
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ru Chiang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Huan Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ching Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Landseed Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Nianhan Ma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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32
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Piotto C, Biscontin A, Millino C, Mognato M. Functional validation of miRNAs targeting genes of DNA double-strand break repair to radiosensitize non-small lung cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2018; 1861:1102-1118. [PMID: 30389599 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
DNA-Double strand breaks (DSBs) generated by radiation therapy represent the most efficient lesions to kill tumor cells, however, the inherent DSB repair efficiency of tumor cells can cause cellular radioresistance and impact on therapeutic outcome. Genes of DSB repair represent a target for cancer therapy since their down-regulation can impair the repair process making the cells more sensitive to radiation. In this study, we analyzed the combination of ionizing radiation (IR) along with microRNA-mediated targeting of genes involved in DSB repair to sensitize human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. MicroRNAs are natural occurring modulators of gene expression and therefore represent an attractive strategy to affect the expression of DSB repair genes. As possible IR-sensitizing targets genes we selected genes of homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway (i.e. RAD51, BRCA2, PRKDC, XRCC5, LIG1). We examined these genes to determine whether they may be real targets of selected miRNAs by functional and biological validation. The in vivo effectiveness of miRNA treatments has been examined in cells over-expressing miRNAs and treated with IR. Taken together, our results show that hsa-miR-96-5p and hsa-miR-874-3p can directly regulate the expression of target genes. When these miRNAs are combined with IR can decrease the survival of NSCLC cells to a higher extent than that exerted by radiation alone, and similarly to radiation combined with specific chemical inhibitors of HR and NHEJ repair pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Piotto
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58 B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Biscontin
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58 B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Caterina Millino
- CRIBI Biotechnology Centre, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maddalena Mognato
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58 B, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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33
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Low EK, Brudvik E, Kuhlman B, Wilson PF, Almeida-Porada G, Porada CD. Microgravity Impairs DNA Damage Repair in Human Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells and Inhibits Their Differentiation into Dendritic Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:1257-1267. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erica K. Low
- Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Egil Brudvik
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Bradford Kuhlman
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Paul F. Wilson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Graça Almeida-Porada
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Christopher D. Porada
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
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34
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Shiraga K, Soe TH, Matsumoto S, Watanabe K, Ohtsuki T. Red and Near-Infrared Light-Directed Cytosolic Delivery of Two Different RNAs Using Photosensitive RNA Carriers. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:3174-3179. [PMID: 30063334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Many cellular events are thought to be controlled by the temporal upregulation of multiple RNAs; the timing of the upregulation of these RNAs is not always the same. In this study, we first show that our light-directed intracellular RNA delivery method induced high concentrations of RNA in a short period. This effect was beneficial for the temporal control of cellular events by functional RNAs. Next, we stimulated the short-term upregulation of two different RNAs at different time points. Cytosolic delivery of a first RNA was induced by red light; thereafter, cytosolic delivery of a second RNA was induced by near-infrared light. The time difference between the introduction of the first and second RNA can be short (0.5-4 h) or long (>8 h). This strategy shows the potential for future applications of the deliberate control of time-dependent RNA concentration to guide various cellular functions by multiple RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Shiraga
- Department of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems , Okayama University , 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka , Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
| | - Tet Htut Soe
- Department of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems , Okayama University , 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka , Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
| | - Sho Matsumoto
- Department of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems , Okayama University , 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka , Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
| | - Kazunori Watanabe
- Department of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems , Okayama University , 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka , Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
| | - Takashi Ohtsuki
- Department of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems , Okayama University , 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka , Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
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35
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A microRNA signature and TGF-β1 response were identified as the key master regulators for spaceflight response. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199621. [PMID: 30044882 PMCID: PMC6059388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Translating fundamental biological discoveries from NASA Space Biology program into health risk from space flights has been an ongoing challenge. We propose to use NASA GeneLab database to gain new knowledge on potential systemic responses to space. Unbiased systems biology analysis of transcriptomic data from seven different rodent datasets reveals for the first time the existence of potential “master regulators” coordinating a systemic response to microgravity and/or space radiation with TGF-β1 being the most common regulator. We hypothesized the space environment leads to the release of biomolecules circulating inside the blood stream. Through datamining we identified 13 candidate microRNAs (miRNA) which are common in all studies and directly interact with TGF-β1 that can be potential circulating factors impacting space biology. This study exemplifies the utility of the GeneLab data repository to aid in the process of performing novel hypothesis–based research.
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36
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Makedonas G, Chouker A, Mehta S, Simpson R, Stowe R, Sams C, Pierson D, Crucian B. Mechanistic Clues to Overcome Spaceflight-Induced Immune Dysregulation. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-018-0178-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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37
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Li H, Jin X, Chen B, Li P, Li Q. Autophagy-regulating microRNAs: potential targets for improving radiotherapy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:1623-1634. [PMID: 29971533 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2675-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the most important therapeutic strategies against cancer. However, resistance of cancer cells to radiation remains a major challenge for RT. Thus, novel strategies to overcome cancer cell radioresistance are urgent. Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is a biological process by which damaged cell components can be removed and accordingly represent a cytoprotective mechanism. Because radiation-induced autophagy is associated with either cell death or radioresistance of cancer cells, a deeper understanding of the autophagy mechanism triggered by radiation will expedite a development of strategies improving the efficacy of RT. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in many biological processes. Mounting evidence indicates that many miRNAs are involved in regulation of the autophagic process induced by radiation insult, but the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Therefore, a deep understanding of the mechanisms of miRNAs in regulating autophagy and radioresistance will provide a new perspective for RT against cancer. METHODS We summarized the recent pertinent literature from various electronic databases, including PubMed. We reviewed the radiation-induced autophagy response and its association of the role, function and regulation of miRNAs, and discussed the feasibility of targeting autophagy-related miRNAs to improve the efficacy of RT. CONCLUSION The beneficial or harmful effect of autophagy may depend on the types of cancer and stress. The cytoprotective role of autophagy plays a dominant role in cancer RT. For most tumor cells, reducing radiation-induced autophagy can improve the efficacy of RT. MiRNAs have been confirmed to take part in the autophagy regulatory network of cancer RT, the autophagy-regulating miRNAs therefore could be developed as potential targets for improving RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaodong Jin
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Bing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ping Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
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38
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Maqsudur Rashid A, Ramalingam L, Al-Jawadi A, Moustaid-Moussa N, Moussa H. Low dose radiation, inflammation, cancer and chemoprevention. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 95:506-515. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1484194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Al Maqsudur Rashid
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Latha Ramalingam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Arwa Al-Jawadi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Hanna Moussa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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39
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Lacombe J, Sima C, Amundson SA, Zenhausern F. Candidate gene biodosimetry markers of exposure to external ionizing radiation in human blood: A systematic review. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198851. [PMID: 29879226 PMCID: PMC5991767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compile a list of genes that have been reported to be affected by external ionizing radiation (IR) and to assess their performance as candidate biomarkers for individual human radiation dosimetry. Methods Eligible studies were identified through extensive searches of the online databases from 1978 to 2017. Original English-language publications of microarray studies assessing radiation-induced changes in gene expression levels in human blood after external IR were included. Genes identified in at least half of the selected studies were retained for bio-statistical analysis in order to evaluate their diagnostic ability. Results 24 studies met the criteria and were included in this study. Radiation-induced expression of 10,170 unique genes was identified and the 31 genes that have been identified in at least 50% of studies (12/24 studies) were selected for diagnostic power analysis. Twenty-seven genes showed a significant Spearman’s correlation with radiation dose. Individually, TNFSF4, FDXR, MYC, ZMAT3 and GADD45A provided the best discrimination of radiation dose < 2 Gy and dose ≥ 2 Gy according to according to their maximized Youden’s index (0.67, 0.55, 0.55, 0.55 and 0.53 respectively). Moreover, 12 combinations of three genes display an area under the Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) curve (AUC) = 1 reinforcing the concept of biomarker combinations instead of looking for an ideal and unique biomarker. Conclusion Gene expression is a promising approach for radiation dosimetry assessment. A list of robust candidate biomarkers has been identified from analysis of the studies published to date, confirming for example the potential of well-known genes such as FDXR and TNFSF4 or highlighting other promising gene such as ZMAT3. However, heterogeneity in protocols and analysis methods will require additional studies to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Lacombe
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Chao Sima
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomic Systems Engineering, Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Sally A. Amundson
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Frederic Zenhausern
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- Honor Health Research Institute, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
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40
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Beheshti A, Miller J, Kidane Y, Berrios D, Gebre SG, Costes SV. NASA GeneLab Project: Bridging Space Radiation Omics with Ground Studies. Radiat Res 2018; 189:553-559. [DOI: 10.1667/rr15062.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Beheshti
- Wyle Labs, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, 94035
| | - Jack Miller
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720
| | - Yared Kidane
- Wyle Labs, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, 94035
| | - Daniel Berrios
- USRA, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calfornia 94035
| | - Samrawit G. Gebre
- Wyle Labs, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, 94035
| | - Sylvain V. Costes
- NASA Ames Research Center, Space Biosciences Division, Moffett Field, California 94035
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41
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Wang LJ, Li NN, Xu SJ, Zhang F, Hao MH, Yang XJ, Cai XH, Qiu PY, Ji HL, Xu P. A new and important relationship between miRNA-147a and PDPK1 in radiotherapy. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:3519-3527. [PMID: 29144017 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
It was found that the expression level of miR-147a was significantly increased and the pathway of PI3K/AKT was dramatically inhibited after radiation. In view of the relationship between miRNA and target genes, we put forward the question, what is the relationship between PI3K/AKT and miR-147a? In order to find the answer to the question, we used bioinformatics techniques to analyze the relationship between miR-147 (a or b) and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. miR-147a overexpression plasmid and PDPK1 3'UTR luciferase reporter gene plasmid were constructed. Dual luciferase reporter gene system validation experiments were carried out on miR-147a and PDPK1 relationship. The verification experiments were also carried out. Bioinformatics analysis showed that there is a miR-147a binding site in the non-coding region (3'UTR) of PDPK1. In the experimental groups transfected with wild type PDPK1 gene of 3'UTR plasmid, the luciferase activity decreased (or increased) significantly in miR-147a (or inhibitor) group compared with miR-NC (or anti-miR-NC); There was no significant difference between the miR-147a group (or inhibitor) and the miR-NC group (or anti-miR-NC) in the transfection of PDPK1-3'UTR-Mut gene vector. PDPK1 was a target gene for direct regulation of miR-147a downstream. Verifying test results showed that the expression of PDPK1 mRNA and protein was reduced after overexpression of miR-147a, which was up-regulated after silencing miR-147a in TC, and V79 cells. These results suggest that miR-147a could be involved in the regulation of PDPK1 transcription by binding to the target site in PDPK1 mRNA 3'UTR, and then regulated AKT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Na-Na Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Sai-Juan Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Ming-Hua Hao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xian-Jun Yang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombiant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xin-Hua Cai
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Pei-Yong Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Hong-Long Ji
- Institute of Lung and Molecular Therapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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Abstract
In space, multiple unique environmental factors, particularly microgravity and space radiation, pose constant threat to the DNA integrity of living organisms. Specifically, space radiation can cause damage to DNA directly, through the interaction of charged particles with the DNA molecules themselves, or indirectly through the production of free radicals. Although organisms have evolved strategies on Earth to confront such damage, space environmental conditions, especially microgravity, can impact DNA repair resulting in accumulation of severe DNA lesions. Ultimately these lesions, namely double strand breaks, chromosome aberrations, micronucleus formation, or mutations, can increase the risk for adverse health effects, such as cancer. How spaceflight factors affect DNA damage and the DNA damage response has been investigated since the early days of the human space program. Over the years, these experiments have been conducted either in space or using ground-based analogs. This review summarizes the evidence for DNA damage induction by space radiation and/or microgravity as well as spaceflight-related impacts on the DNA damage response. The review also discusses the conflicting results from studies aimed at addressing the question of potential synergies between microgravity and radiation with regard to DNA damage and cellular repair processes. We conclude that further experiments need to be performed in the true space environment in order to address this critical question.
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43
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Corrà S, Salvadori R, Bee L, Barbieri V, Mognato M. Analysis of DNA-damage response to ionizing radiation in serum-shock synchronized human fibroblasts. Cell Biol Toxicol 2017; 33:373-388. [PMID: 28466226 PMCID: PMC5493713 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-017-9394-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Many aspects of cellular physiology, including cellular response to genotoxic stress, are related to the circadian rhythmicity induced by the molecular clock. The current study investigated if the cellular response to DNA damage is in relation to endogenous expression levels of the PER2 protein, a key component of the molecular regulatory system that confers rhythmicity in mammalian cells. Human normal fibroblasts (CCD-34Lu) were subjected to serum shock to induce circadian oscillations of the PER2 protein and then irradiated with γ- rays at times corresponding to the trough and peak expression of the PER2 protein. To better examine cellular response to DNA damage, the experiments performed in this study were carried out in non-proliferating CCD-34Lu fibroblasts in order to maintain the cell and circadian cycles separated while they were being exposed to genotoxic stress. Study results demonstrated that clonogenic cell survival, double-strand break repair kinetics, and TP53 protein levels were affected in the cells irradiated at the trough than in those irradiated at peak expression of the PER2 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Corrà
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58 B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Riccardo Salvadori
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58 B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Bee
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58 B, 35131, Padova, Italy.,Menarini Silicon Biosystems, 10355 Science Center Dr #210, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Vito Barbieri
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenteric Sciences, University of Padova, via Giustiniani 2, Padova, Italy
| | - Maddalena Mognato
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58 B, 35131, Padova, Italy.
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Mikhailov VF, Shulenina LV, Vasilyeva IM, Startsev MI, Zasukhina GD. The miRNA as human cell gene activity regulator after ionizing radiation. RUSS J GENET+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795417020077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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45
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Stankevicius V, Kuodyte K, Schveigert D, Bulotiene D, Paulauskas T, Daniunaite K, Suziedelis K. Gene and miRNA expression profiles of mouse Lewis lung carcinoma LLC1 cells following single or fractionated dose irradiation. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:4190-4200. [PMID: 28599420 PMCID: PMC5453008 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In clinical practice ionizing radiation (IR) is primarily applied to cancer treatment in the form of fractionated dose (FD) irradiation. Despite this fact, a substantially higher amount of current knowledge in the field of radiobiology comes from in vitro studies based on the cellular response to single dose (SD) irradiation. In addition, intrinsic and acquired resistance to IR remains an issue in clinical practice, leading to radiotherapy treatment failure. Numerous previous studies suggest that an improved understanding of the molecular processes involved in the radiation-induced DNA damage response to FD irradiation could improve the effectiveness of radiotherapy. Therefore, the present study examined the differential expression of genes and microRNA (miRNA) in murine Lewis lung cancer (LLC)1 cells exposed to SD or FD irradiation. The results of the present study indicated that the gene and miRNA expression profiles of LLC1 cells exposed to irradiation were dose delivery type-dependent. Data analysis also revealed that mRNAs may be regulated by miRNAs in a radiation-dependent manner, suggesting that these mRNAs and miRNAs are the potential targets in the cellular response to SD or FD irradiation. However, LLC1 tumors after FD irradiation exhibited no significant changes in the expression of selected genes and miRNAs observed in the irradiated cells in vitro, suggesting that experimental in vitro conditions, particularly the tumor microenvironment, should be considered in detail to promote the development of efficient radiotherapy approaches. Nevertheless, the present study highlights the primary signaling pathways involved in the response of murine cancer cells to irradiation. Data presented in the present study can be applied to improve the outcome and development of radiotherapy in preclinical animal model settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaidotas Stankevicius
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania.,Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10224 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Karolina Kuodyte
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania.,Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10224 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Diana Schveigert
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Danute Bulotiene
- Laboratory of Biomedical Physics, National Cancer Institute, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Tomas Paulauskas
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10224 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kristina Daniunaite
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10224 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kestutis Suziedelis
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania.,Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10224 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Lacombe J, Zenhausern F. Emergence of miR-34a in radiation therapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 109:69-78. [PMID: 28010900 PMCID: PMC5199215 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Expressions of many microRNAs (miRNAs) in response to ionizing radiation (IR) have already been investigated and some of them seem to play an important role in the tumor radioresistance, normal tissue radiotoxicity or as predictive biomarkers to radiation. miR-34a is an emerging miRNA in recent radiobiology studies. Here, we review this miR-34 family member by detailing its different roles in radiation response and we will discuss about the role that it can play in radiation treatment. Thus, we will show that IR regulates miR-34a by increasing its expression. We will also highlight different biological processes involved in cellular response to IR and regulated by miR-34a in order to demonstrate the role it can play in tumor radio-response or normal tissue radiotoxicity as a radiosensitizer or radioprotector. miR-34a is poised to assert itself as an important player in radiobiology and should become more and more important in radiation therapy management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Lacombe
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, University of Arizona, 145 S. 79th Street, Chandler, AZ 85226, USA.
| | - Frederic Zenhausern
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, University of Arizona, 145 S. 79th Street, Chandler, AZ 85226, USA; Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N. Fifth Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine Phoenix, 425 N. 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
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Kong EY, Cheng SH, Yu KN. Zebrafish as an In Vivo Model to Assess Epigenetic Effects of Ionizing Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122108. [PMID: 27983682 PMCID: PMC5187908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiations (IRs) is ubiquitous in our environment and can be categorized into “targeted” effects and “non-targeted” effects. In addition to inducing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage, IR exposure leads to epigenetic alterations that do not alter DNA sequence. Using an appropriate model to study the biological effects of radiation is crucial to better understand IR responses as well as to develop new strategies to alleviate exposure to IR. Zebrafish, Danio rerio, is a scientific model organism that has yielded scientific advances in several fields and recent studies show the usefulness of this vertebrate model in radiation biology. This review briefly describes both “targeted” and “non-targeted” effects, describes the findings in radiation biology using zebrafish as a model and highlights the potential of zebrafish to assess the epigenetic effects of IR, including DNA methylation, histone modifications and miRNA expression. Other in vivo models are included to compare observations made with zebrafish, or to illustrate the feasibility of in vivo models when the use of zebrafish was unavailable. Finally, tools to study epigenetic modifications in zebrafish, including changes in genome-wide DNA methylation, histone modifications and miRNA expression, are also described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Yi Kong
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Shuk Han Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kwan Ngok Yu
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Menon N, Rogers CJ, Lukaszewicz AI, Axtelle J, Yadav M, Song F, Chakravarti A, Jacob NK. Detection of Acute Radiation Sickness: A Feasibility Study in Non-Human Primates Circulating miRNAs for Triage in Radiological Events. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167333. [PMID: 27907140 PMCID: PMC5132176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of biomarkers capable of estimating absorbed dose is critical for effective triage of affected individuals after radiological events. Levels of cell-free circulating miRNAs in plasma were compared for dose-response analysis in non-human primates (NHP) exposed to lethal (6.5 Gy) and sub-lethal (1 and 3 Gy) doses over a 7 day period. The doses and test time points were selected to mimic triage needs in the event of a mass casualty radiological event. Changes in miRNA abundance in irradiated animals were compared to a non-irradiated cohort and a cohort experiencing acute inflammation response from exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). An amplification-free, hybridization-based direct digital counting method was used for evaluation of changes in microRNAs in plasma from all animals. Consistent with previous murine studies, circulating levels of miR-150-5p exhibited a dose- and time-dependent decrease in plasma. Furthermore, plasma miR-150-5p levels were found to correlate well with lymphocyte and neutrophil depletion kinetics. Additionally, plasma levels of several other evolutionarily and functionally conserved miRNAs were found altered as a function of dose and time. Interestingly, miR-574-5p exhibited a distinct, dose-dependent increase 24 h post irradiation in NHPs with lethal versus sub-lethal exposure before returning to the baseline level by day 3. This particular miRNA response was not detected in previous murine studies but was observed in animals exposed to LPS, indicating distinct molecular and inflammatory responses. Furthermore, an increase in low-abundant miR-126, miR-144, and miR-21 as well as high-abundant miR-1-3p and miR-206 was observed in irradiated animals on day 3 and/or day 7. The data from this study could be used to develop a multi-marker panel with known tissue-specific origin that could be used for developing rapid assays for dose assessment and evaluation of radiation injury on multiple organs. Furthermore this approach may be utilized to screen for tissue toxicity in patients who receive myeloablative and therapeutic radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Menon
- ChromoLogic LLC, Monrovia, California, United States of America
| | | | | | - James Axtelle
- ChromoLogic LLC, Monrovia, California, United States of America
| | - Marshleen Yadav
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Feifei Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Arnab Chakravarti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Naduparambil K. Jacob
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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Chen C, Lu J, Hao L, Zheng Z, Zhang N, Wang Z. Discovery and characterization of miRNAs in mouse thymus responses to ionizing radiation by deep sequencing. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:548-557. [PMID: 27686407 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2016.1207821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the potential regulatory roles of microRNA (miRNA) in mouse response to ionizing radiation (IR)-induced thymus injury, miRNA expression profiles of mouse thymus with or without IR were analyzed using deep sequencing technology. Potential target candidates of the identified miRNA were predicted using RNAhybrid and miRanda. Differently expressed miRNA targets functional annotation and pathways were noted using Swiss-Prot, Gene Ontology (GO), Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and non-redundant (NR) databases. In this study, there were 112 differently expressed miRNAs identified, including 45 known mature and 67 novel miRNAs, which meanwhile contained 77 up-regulated and 35 down-regulated miRNAs. The results of quantitative RT-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) verification were in agreement with the sequencing analysis. And the target genes of miRNA were annotated. These results revealed the differences of miRNA expression, further extended the biological knowledge and greatly facilitated future studies on the function of miRNA in IR-induced thymus injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- a School of Life Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , China
| | - Jike Lu
- a School of Life Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , China ;,b The Quartermaster Equipment Institute of General Logistics Department of People's Liberation Army , Beijing China
| | - Limin Hao
- b The Quartermaster Equipment Institute of General Logistics Department of People's Liberation Army , Beijing China
| | - Zhiqiang Zheng
- b The Quartermaster Equipment Institute of General Logistics Department of People's Liberation Army , Beijing China
| | - Naixun Zhang
- c College of Forestry , Northeast Forestry University , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- d Department of Food Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
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Auerbach SS. In vivo Signatures of Genotoxic and Non-genotoxic Chemicals. TOXICOGENOMICS IN PREDICTIVE CARCINOGENICITY 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782624059-00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This chapter reviews the findings from a broad array of in vivo genomic studies with the goal of identifying a general signature of genotoxicity (GSG) that is indicative of exposure to genotoxic agents (i.e. agents that are active in either the bacterial mutagenesis and/or the in vivo micronucleus test). While the GSG has largely emerged from systematic studies of rat and mouse liver, its response is evident across a broad collection of genotoxic treatments that cover a variety of tissues and species. Pathway-based characterization of the GSG indicates that it is enriched with genes that are regulated by p53. In addition to the GSG, another pan-tissue signature related to bone marrow suppression (a common effect of genotoxic agent exposure) is reviewed. Overall, these signatures are quite effective in identifying genotoxic agents; however, there are situations where false positive findings can occur, for example when necrotizing doses of non-genotoxic soft electrophiles (e.g. thioacetamide) are used. For this reason specific suggestions for best practices for generating for use in the creation and application of in vivo genomic signatures are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott S. Auerbach
- Toxicoinformatic Group, Biomolecular Screening Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences PO Box 12233 MD K2-17 Research Triangle Park NC 27709 USA
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