1
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Pathogenicity of West Nile Virus Lineage 1 to German Poultry. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030507. [PMID: 32899581 PMCID: PMC7563189 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne virus that originates from Africa and at present causes neurological disease in birds, horses, and humans all around the globe. As West Nile fever is an important zoonosis, the role of free-ranging domestic poultry as a source of infection for humans should be evaluated. This study examined the pathogenicity of an Italian WNV lineage 1 strain for domestic poultry (chickens, ducks, and geese) held in Germany. All three species were subcutaneously injected with WNV, and the most susceptible species was also inoculated via mosquito bite. All species developed various degrees of viremia, viral shedding (oropharyngeal and cloacal), virus accumulation, and pathomorphological lesions. Geese were most susceptible, displaying the highest viremia levels. The tested waterfowl, geese, and especially ducks proved to be ideal sentinel species for WNV due to their high antibody levels and relatively low blood viral loads. None of the three poultry species can function as a reservoir/amplifying host for WNV, as their viremia levels most likely do not suffice to infect feeding mosquitoes. Due to the recent appearance of WNV in Germany, future pathogenicity studies should also include local virus strains.
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2
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Lian C, Zhang R, Lan J, Yang Y, Li H, Sui N, Xie Z, Jiang S. Identification of a common conserved neutralizing linear B-cell epitope in the VP3 protein of waterfowl parvoviruses. Avian Pathol 2020; 49:325-334. [PMID: 32208867 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2020.1746743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Waterfowl parvoviruses (WPVs) including goose parvovirus (GPV), novel GPV-related virus (NGPV) and Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV) cause significant economic losses and epizootic threat to the waterfowl industries, and little is known about the B-cell epitopes of WPVs. In this study, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) 5B5 against the VP3 protein of NGPV was used to identify the possible epitope in the three kinds of WPVs. The mAb 5B5 had neutralizing activities to the three viruses, and reacted with the conserved linear B-cell epitopes of 438LHNPPP443 in VP3 protein of GPV, NGPV and MDPV. To the authors' best knowledge, this is the first report on identification of the common conserved neutralizing linear B-cell epitope on VP3 protein of three different WPVs, which would facilitate the development of a novel immunodiagnostic assay for rapid detection of WPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyu Lian
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruihua Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Lan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yupeng Yang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanqing Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, People's Republic of China
| | - Nana Sui
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijing Xie
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijin Jiang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, People's Republic of China
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3
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Ti J, Li Z, Li X, Lu Y, Diao Y, Li F. Identification of one B-cell epitope from NS1 protein of duck Tembusu virus with monoclonal antibodies. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181177. [PMID: 28746401 PMCID: PMC5528836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes the identification of one linear B-cell epitope on TMUV NS1 protein with monoclonal antibody (mAb) 3G2 by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In this study, NS1 protein was expressed in prokaryotic expression system and purified. One mAb against NS1 protein was generated from Balb/c mice immunized with recombinant protein NS1. A set of 35 partially-overlapping polypeptides covering the entire NS1 protein was expressed with PGEX-6P-1 vector and screened with mAb 3G2. One polypeptide against the mAb was acquired and identified by indirect ELISA and western-blot. To map the epitope accurately, one or two amino acid residues were removed from the carboxy and amino terminal of polypeptide sequentially. A series of truncated oligopeptides were expressed and purified. The minimal determinant of the linear B cell epitope was recognized and identified with mAb 3G2. The accurate linear B-cell epitope was 269DEKEIV274 located in NS1 protein. Furthermore, sequence alignment showed that the epitope was highly conserved and specific among TMUV strains and other flavivirus respectively. The linear B-cell epitope of TMUV NS1 protein could benefit the development of new vaccines and diagnostic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Ti
- Zoology Institute, Shan Dong Agricultural University, Shan Dong province, Tai’an, China
- Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Shan Dong province, Weifang, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Shan Dong province, Weifang, China
| | - Xiuli Li
- Zoology Institute, Shan Dong Agricultural University, Shan Dong province, Tai’an, China
| | - Yunjian Lu
- Zoology Institute, Shan Dong Agricultural University, Shan Dong province, Tai’an, China
| | - Youxiang Diao
- Zoology Institute, Shan Dong Agricultural University, Shan Dong province, Tai’an, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Fang Li
- Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Shan Dong province, Weifang, China
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4
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Cleton NB, van Maanen K, Bergervoet SA, Bon N, Beck C, Godeke GJ, Lecollinet S, Bowen R, Lelli D, Nowotny N, Koopmans MPG, Reusken CBEM. A Serological Protein Microarray for Detection of Multiple Cross-Reactive Flavivirus Infections in Horses for Veterinary and Public Health Surveillance. Transbound Emerg Dis 2016; 64:1801-1812. [PMID: 27633257 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The genus Flavivirus in the family Flaviviridae includes some of the most important examples of emerging zoonotic arboviruses that are rapidly spreading across the globe. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), West Nile virus (WNV), St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) and Usutu virus (USUV) are mosquito-borne members of the JEV serological group. Although most infections in humans are asymptomatic or present with mild flu-like symptoms, clinical manifestations of JEV, WNV, SLEV, USUV and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) can include severe neurological disease and death. In horses, infection with WNV and JEV can lead to severe neurological disease and death, while USUV, SLEV and TBEV infections are mainly asymptomatic, however, and induce antibody responses. Horses often serve as sentinels to monitor active virus circulation in serological surveillance programmes specifically for WNV, USUV and JEV. Here, we developed and validated a NS1-antigen protein microarray for the serological differential diagnosis of flavivirus infections in horses using sera of experimentally and naturally infected symptomatic as well as asymptomatic horses. Using samples from experimentally infected horses, an IgG and IgM specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 95% for WNV and 100% for JEV was achieved with a cut-off titre of 1 : 20 based on ROC calculation. In field settings, the microarray identified 93-100% of IgG-positive horses with recent WNV infections and 87% of TBEV IgG-positive horses. WNV IgM sensitivity was 80%. Differentiation between closely related flaviviruses by the NS1-antigen protein microarray is possible, even though we identified some instances of cross-reactivity among antibodies. However, the assay is not able to differentiate between naturally infected horses and animals vaccinated with an inactivated WNV whole-virus vaccine. We showed that the NS1-microarray can potentially be used for diagnosing and distinguishing flavivirus infections in horses and for public health purposes within a surveillance setting. This allows for fast, cheap, syndrome-based laboratory testing for multiple viruses simultaneously for veterinary and public health purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B Cleton
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Screening, National Institute for Public Health and Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - K van Maanen
- Animal Health Service (GD), Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - S A Bergervoet
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Screening, National Institute for Public Health and Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - N Bon
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Screening, National Institute for Public Health and Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - C Beck
- Laboratory for Animal Health (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - G-J Godeke
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Screening, National Institute for Public Health and Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - S Lecollinet
- Laboratory for Animal Health (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - R Bowen
- School for Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - D Lelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell' Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Brescia, Italy
| | - N Nowotny
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - M P G Koopmans
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Screening, National Institute for Public Health and Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - C B E M Reusken
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Hua RH, Liu LK, Huo H, Li YN, Guo LP, Wang XL, Qin CF, Bu ZG. Comprehensive mapping of a novel NS1 epitope conserved in flaviviruses within the Japanese encephalitis virus serocomplex. Virus Res 2014; 185:103-9. [PMID: 24631788 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Nonstructural protein-1 (NS1) of the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is an immunogenic protein that is a potential candidate for the development of vaccines and diagnostic reagents. NS1 is known to be more specific than the E protein in serological testing of flavivirus infections. However, NS1 exhibits cross-reactivity among flaviviruses even within the same genus and more so within a serocomplex. However, the cross-reactive epitopes on JEV NS1 are poorly characterized. The present study describes the full mapping of a linear B-cell epitope that is common and specific to the JEV serocomplex of Flaviviridae. We generated an NS1-specific monoclonal antibody that cross-reacts with the West Nile virus (WNV) NS1 protein by immunizing mice with recombinant JEV NS1. For epitope mapping, 51 partially overlapping peptides spanning the entire NS1 protein were expressed with a glutathione S-transferase (GST) tag and screened using monoclonal antibodies. Two linear epitope-containing peptides were identified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). By sequentially removing amino acid residues from the carboxy and amino terminal of peptides, we successfully identified the smallest unit of the linear epitope required to react with the monoclonal antibody. The linear epitope was located in amino acids residues ²²⁷ETHTLW²³². Furthermore, results of the sequence alignment revealed that the epitope was highly conserved among JEV strains. Notably, the epitope is highly conserved among viruses of the JEV serocomplex. Furthermore, the homologous regions on NS1 proteins from dengue viruses showed no cross-reactivity with the monoclonal antibodies. The epitope was recognized by antisera against the WNV but not against the dengue virus. This novel JEV serocomplex-specific linear B-cell epitope of NS1 would be helpful in the development of new vaccines and diagnostic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Hong Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, PR China.
| | - Li-Ke Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Hong Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Ye-Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Li-Ping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Xiao-Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Cheng-Feng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Zhi-Gao Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, PR China.
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6
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Hua RH, Liu LK, Chen ZS, Li YN, Bu ZG. Comprehensive Mapping Antigenic Epitopes of NS1 Protein of Japanese Encephalitis Virus with Monoclonal Antibodies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67553. [PMID: 23825668 PMCID: PMC3688998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) non-structural protein 1 (NS1) contributes to virus replication and elicits protective immune responses during infection. JEV NS1-specific antibody responses could be a target in the differential diagnosis of different flavivirus infections. However, the epitopes on JEV NS1 are poorly characterized. The present study describes the full mapping of linear B-cell epitopes in JEV NS1. We generated eleven NS1-specific monoclonal antibodies from mice immunized with recombinant NS1. For epitope mapping of monoclonal antibodies, a set of 51 partially-overlapping peptides covering the entire NS1 protein were expressed with a GST-tag and then screened using monoclonal antibodies. Through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), five linear epitope-containing peptides were identified. By sequentially removing amino acid residues from the carboxy and amino terminal of peptides, the minimal units of the five linear epitopes were identified and confirmed using monoclonal antibodies. Five linear epitopes are located in amino acids residues (5)AIDITRK(11), (72)RDELNVL(78), (251)KSKHNRREGY(260), (269)DENGIVLD(276), and (341)DETTLVRS(348). Furthermore, it was found that the epitopes are highly conserved among JEV strains through sequence alignment. Notably, none of the homologous regions on NS1 proteins from other flaviviruses reacted with the MAbs when they were tested for cross-reactivity, and all five epitope peptides were not recognized by sera against West Nile virus or Dengue virus. These novel virus-specific linear B-cell epitopes of JEV NS1 would benefit the development of new vaccines and diagnostic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Hong Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| | - Li-Ke Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Shi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye-Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Gao Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
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7
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Sun E, Zhao J, TaoYang, Xu Q, Qin Y, Wang W, Wei P, Wu D. Antibodies generated by immunization with the NS1 protein of West Nile virus confer partial protection against lethal Japanese encephalitis virus challenge. Vet Microbiol 2013; 166:145-53. [PMID: 23834965 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and West Nile virus (WNV) are two medically important flaviviruses that can cause severe hemorrhagic and encephalitic diseases in humans. Immune responses directed against the NS1 protein of flaviviruses can confer protection against lethal viral challenge. Previous studies have shown that the WNV NS1 protein harbors epitopes that elicit antibodies that cross react with JEV. Here we demonstrate that the WNV NS1 protein not only contains cross-reactive epitopes, but that the antibodies elicited by these cross-reactive epitopes provide partial protection against lethal JEV challenge in a mouse model. Mice immunized with WNV NS1 protein showed reduced morbidity and mortality following both intracerebral and intraperitoneal JEV challenge. WNV NS1 immunization attenuated the extent of lung pathology generated following JEV challenge, and delayed the appearance of other pathological findings including vascular cuffing. By screening and identifying the specific WNV NS1 protein-derived peptides recognized by serum antibodies elicited by immunization with WNV NS1 protein and by JEV challenge, we found after JEV challenge will induce several new epitopes, but which epitope primarily contribute to antibody-mediated cross protection need further evaluation. The knowledge and reagents generated in this study have potential applications in vaccine and subunit vaccine development for WNV and JEV.
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Affiliation(s)
- EnCheng Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, PR China.
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8
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Chabierski S, Makert GR, Kerzhner A, Barzon L, Fiebig P, Liebert UG, Papa A, Richner JM, Niedrig M, Diamond MS, Palù G, Ulbert S. Antibody responses in humans infected with newly emerging strains of West Nile Virus in Europe. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66507. [PMID: 23776680 PMCID: PMC3680493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with West Nile Virus (WNV) affects an increasing number of countries worldwide. Although most human infections result in no or mild flu-like symptoms, the elderly and those with a weakened immune system are at higher risk for developing severe neurological disease. Since its introduction into North America in 1999, WNV has spread across the continental United States and caused annual outbreaks with a total of 36,000 documented clinical cases and ∼1,500 deaths. In recent years, outbreaks of neuroinvasive disease also have been reported in Europe. The WNV strains isolated during these outbreaks differ from those in North America, as sequencing has revealed that distinct phylogenetic lineages of WNV concurrently circulate in Europe, which has potential implications for the development of vaccines, therapeutics, and diagnostic tests. Here, we studied the human antibody response to European WNV strains responsible for outbreaks in Italy and Greece in 2010, caused by lineage 1 and 2 strains, respectively. The WNV structural proteins were expressed as a series of overlapping fragments fused to a carrier-protein, and binding of IgG in sera from infected persons was analyzed. The results demonstrate that, although the humoral immune response to WNV in humans is heterogeneous, several dominant peptides are recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Chabierski
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gustavo R. Makert
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexandra Kerzhner
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Luisa Barzon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Petra Fiebig
- Institute of Virology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe G. Liebert
- Institute of Virology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna Papa
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Justin M. Richner
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Missouri, St. Louis, United States of America
| | | | - Michael S. Diamond
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Missouri, St. Louis, United States of America
| | - Giorgio Palù
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sebastian Ulbert
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
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9
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Song KY, Zhao H, Li SH, Li XF, Deng YQ, Wang HJ, Ye Q, Zhu SY, Jiang ZY, Zhang FC, Qin ED, Qin CF. Identification and characterization of a linearized B-cell epitope on the pr protein of dengue virus. J Gen Virol 2013; 94:1510-1516. [PMID: 23559476 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.052084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV) represent one of the major mosquito-borne pathogens globally; so far no vaccine or specific antiviral is available. During virion maturation, the pr protein is cleaved from its precursor form the prM protein on the surface of immature DENV by host protease. Recent findings have demonstrated that the pr protein not only played critical roles in virion assembly and maturation, but was also involved in antibody-dependent enhancement of DENV infection. However, the B-cell epitopes on the pr protein of DENV have not been well characterized. In this study, a set of 11 partially overlapping peptides spanning the entire pr protein of DENV-2 were fused with glutathione S-transferase and expressed in Escherichia coli. ELISA screening with murine hyperimmune antiserum against immature DENV identified the P8 peptide (⁵⁷KQNEPEDIDCWCNST⁷¹) in the pr protein as the major immunodominant epitope. Fine mapping by truncated protein assays confirmed the 8-e peptide ⁵⁷KQNEPEDI⁶⁴ was the smallest unit capable of antibody binding. Importantly, the 8-e epitope reacted with sera from dengue fever patients. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed the asparagine residue at position 59 was important for epitope recognition. The 8-e epitope coincided well with the B-cell epitopes predicted by Immune Epitope Database analysis, and 3D structural modelling mapped the 8-e peptide on the surface of prM-E heterodimers. Overall, our findings characterized a linearized B-cell epitope on the pr protein of DENV, which will help to understand the life cycle of DENV and pathogenesis of dengue infections in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Yu Song
- Guangzhou No. 8 People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou 510060, China.,Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Shi-Hua Li
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Deng
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Hong-Jiang Wang
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Shun-Ya Zhu
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Zhen-You Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fu-Chun Zhang
- Guangzhou No. 8 People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - E-De Qin
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Cheng-Feng Qin
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
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10
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Wang WS, Sun EC, Liu NH, Yang T, Xu QY, Qin YL, Zhao J, Feng YF, Li JP, Wei P, Zhang CY, Wu DL. Monoclonal antibodies against VP7 of bluetongue virus. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 2012; 31:469-72. [PMID: 23244329 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2012.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
VP7 is a major group-specific protein of the bluetongue virus (BTV), and is therefore a candidate for use as a diagnostic reagent. In this study, BALB/c mice were immunized with BTV16, and the lymphocyte hybridoma technique and indirect ELISA screening method were employed to obtain two strains of hybridoma cells secreting specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to BTV16. Eukaryotic recombinant plasmids coding for 10 segments of BTV16 separately were transfected into BHK-21 cells, respectively, followed by immunofluorescence, showing that two MAbs only reacted with BTV-VP7. Western blot analysis showed the same result. Indirect immunofluorescence results indicated that two of the MAbs present different response spectrums with BTV1~24 serotypes. These results indicate that these MAbs may be good candidates for a specific diagnostic method and functional exploration of the VP7 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Shi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, P.R. China
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11
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Martínez CA, Giulietti AM, Talou JR. Research advances in plant-made flavivirus antigens. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:1493-505. [PMID: 22480936 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Outbreaks of flaviviruses such as dengue (DV), yellow fever (YFV), Japanese encephalitis (JEV), tick-borne encephalitis (TBEV) and West Nile (WNV) affect numerous countries around the world. The fast spread of these viruses is the result of increases in the human population, rapid urbanisation and globalisation. While vector control is an important preventive measure against vector-borne diseases, it has failed to prevent the spread of these diseases, particularly in developing countries where the implementation of control measures is intermittent. As antiviral drugs against flaviviruses are not yet available, vaccination remains the most important tool for prevention. Although human vaccines for YFV, TBEV and JEV are available, on-going vaccination efforts are insufficient to prevent infection. No vaccines against DENV and WNV are available. Research advances have provided important tools for flavivirus vaccine development, such as the use of plants as a recombinant antigen production platform. This review summarises the research efforts in this area and highlights why a plant system is considered a necessary alternative production platform for high-tech subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Martínez
- Cátedra de Microbiología Industrial y Biotecnología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Junín 956, CP 1113, C.A.B.A, Argentina
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