1
|
Megnekou R, Nana CMM, Djontu JC, Bitye BMZ, Nana BC, Zangue BKT, Donkeu CJ, Essangui E, Salawiss RM, Seumko’o RNM, Ayong L, Leke RGF. Chemokine modulation in microscopic and submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection in women at delivery in Yaoundé, Cameroon. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280615. [PMID: 36689438 PMCID: PMC9870109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In pregnancy-associated malaria, chemokines such as CXCL-4, CXCL-13, CXCL-16, and CCL-24 play critical roles in leucocyte trafficking to tissue sites in the infected placenta where inflammatory reactions are active. However, how plasma levels of these chemokines associate with Plasmodium falciparum placental malaria and pregnancy outcomes remains not well understood. The present study analyzed the plasma levels of CXCL-4, CXCL-13, CXCL-16, and CCL-24 chemokines in matched peripheral, placental and cord blood in relation with placental malaria (PM), and with submicroscopic parasitaemia. This was a retrospective case-control study (1:3 ratio) involving samples from 134 women (34 PM+ and 100 PM-) enrolled at delivery at the Marie Reine Health Center in Yaoundé, Cameroon between June 2013 and October 2018. Samples were collected just after delivery and used to diagnose microscopic and submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum infections. Submicroscopic infections were detected by reverse transcription LAMP whereas chemokine levels were determined by Magnetic Luminex Screening Assay. Overall, PM was associated with increased plasma levels of CXCL-13 and CXCL-16 and low levels of CXCL-4 and CCL-24 in both peripheral and placental blood (0.0002 ≤ p ≤ 0.042). Similarly, CCL-24 levels in peripheral and placental blood samples were significantly lower in submicroscopically infected women compared to healthy controls (p = 0.04 and 0.02, respectively). Maternal hemoglobin levels increased with peripheral plasma levels of CXCL-4 (p = 0.005), CXCL-16 (p = 0.03), and CCL-24 (p = 0.002) while birth weight was lower for babies born from women with high levels of peripheral CXCL-13 (p = 0.0006) and low levels of cord CXCL-4 and CCL-24 (p = 0.02 and 0.08, respectively). Together the data suggest that low levels of CXCL-4 and CCL-24 coupled with high plasma levels of CXCL-13 and for a lesser extend CXCL-16 represent signatures of PM in the study population. These findings are relevant for understanding the immunopathogenesis of PM and developing new therapeutic or preventive strategies against severe PM outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosette Megnekou
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology of the Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- The Immunology Laboratory of the Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Chris Marco Mbianda Nana
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology of the Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- The Immunology Laboratory of the Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jean Claude Djontu
- The Immunology Laboratory of the Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Bernard Marie Zambo Bitye
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology of the Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- The Immunology Laboratory of the Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Benderli Christine Nana
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology of the Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- The Immunology Laboratory of the Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Berenice Kenfack Tekougang Zangue
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology of the Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- The Immunology Laboratory of the Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Estelle Essangui
- Malaria Research Unit, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Rodrigue Mbea Salawiss
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology of the Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- The Immunology Laboratory of the Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Reine Ndeumou Medouen Seumko’o
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology of the Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- The Immunology Laboratory of the Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Lawrence Ayong
- Malaria Research Unit, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Rose Gana Fomban Leke
- The Immunology Laboratory of the Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mardhiyyah K, Hariyanto T, Sardjono TW, Winarsih S, Nurseta T, Fitri LE. Fetal Growth Retardation is Associated with High Apoptotic Cells and Low VEGF Expression in Placenta of Malarial Pregnant Mice. Med Arch 2023; 77:258-262. [PMID: 37876558 PMCID: PMC10591248 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2023.77.258-262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During pregnancy, pregnant women are susceptible to malaria, contributing significantly to maternal and infant mortality. Objective This research was conducted to study the effect of Plasmodium berghei infection in pregnant mice on fetal growth retardation through placental cell apoptosis and the change of local vascularization. Methods Eighteen pregnant Balb/c strain mice resulting from simultanously mating were divided into two groups those were nine pregnant mice used as non infected group and nine pregnant mice infected with Plasmodium berghei on day 9th post mating used as infected group respectively. On day 15th of post mating, all of the pregnant mice were killed. Fetal weights were measured using analytic balance. Apoptosis of placental cells and VEGF expression in the placental tissue were measured using immunohistochemistry. Results Result showed that there was sequestration of parasite-infected red blood cells (PRBCs) in intervillous space. Statistical analysis showed that the fetal weights in infected pregnant mice group was significantly lower than non infected one (p = 0.01), and the placental cell apoptosis in placental tissue of infected pregnant mice was significantly higher than the non infected one (p=0.00).There was also a significant difference on VEGF expression between infected group and non infected group (p= 0,00). Conclusion Plasmodium berghei infection in pregnant Balb/c mice can cause fetal growth retardation due to high of placental cell apoptosis and low VEGF expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kana Mardhiyyah
- Doctoral Program in Medical Science Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomolecular Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Tanto Hariyanto
- Department of Nursery Polytechnic Program Ministry of Health, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Teguh Wahju Sardjono
- Department of Parasitology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya Malang, Indonesia
| | - Sri Winarsih
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Tatit Nurseta
- Department of Obstetric and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Loeki Enggar Fitri
- Department of Parasitology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya Malang, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Barateiro A, Junior ARC, Epiphanio S, Marinho CRF. Homeostasis Maintenance in Plasmodium-Infected Placentas: Is There a Role for Placental Autophagy During Malaria in Pregnancy? Front Immunol 2022; 13:931034. [PMID: 35898514 PMCID: PMC9309427 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.931034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria represents a significant public health burden to populations living in developing countries. The disease takes a relevant toll on pregnant women, who are more prone to developing severe clinical manifestations. Inflammation triggered in response to P. falciparum sequestration inside the placenta leads to physiological and structural changes in the organ, reflecting locally disrupted homeostasis. Altogether, these events have been associated with poor gestational outcomes, such as intrauterine growth restriction and premature delivery, contributing to the parturition of thousands of African children with low birth weight. Despite significant advances in the field, the molecular mechanisms that govern these outcomes are still poorly understood. Herein, we discuss the idea of how some housekeeping molecular mechanisms, such as those related to autophagy, might be intertwined with the outcomes of malaria in pregnancy. We contextualize previous findings suggesting that placental autophagy is dysregulated in P. falciparum-infected pregnant women with complementary research describing the importance of autophagy in healthy pregnancies. Since the functional role of autophagy in pregnancy outcomes is still unclear, we hypothesize that autophagy might be essential for circumventing inflammation-induced stress in the placenta, acting as a cytoprotective mechanism that attempts to ensure local homeostasis and better gestational prognosis in women with malaria in pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Barateiro
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Parasitology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sabrina Epiphanio
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio Romero Farias Marinho
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Parasitology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Claudio Romero Farias Marinho,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cariaco Y, Almeida MPO, Araujo ECB, Briceño MPP, Durán-Rodriguez AT, Franco RR, Espindola FS, Silva NM. Inhibition of Heme Oxygenase-1 by Zinc Protoporphyrin IX Improves Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Malaria During Early Gestation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:879158. [PMID: 35619717 PMCID: PMC9127164 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.879158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has cytoprotective effects by catalyzing the degradation of heme to produce carbon monoxide, iron and biliverdin. Furthermore, HO-1 activity has been associated with successful pregnancy. On the other hand, in the context of certain inflammatory conditions, HO-1 can induce iron overload and cell death. To investigate the role of HO-1 in gestational malaria, pregnant BALB/c mice were infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA in early, mid and late gestation. We found that malaria affected the pregnancy outcome in the three periods evaluated. However, only poor pregnancy outcomes in early pregnancy were related to HO-1 upregulation, iron overload, lipid peroxidation and necrosis of the decidua, which were prevented by HO-1 inhibition. In conclusion, HO-1 expression must be finely tuned in gestational malaria to avoid the deleterious effect of increased enzyme activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusmaris Cariaco
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Marcos Paulo Oliveira Almeida
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Ester Cristina Borges Araujo
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Rodrigues Franco
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Foued Salmen Espindola
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Neide Maria Silva
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chua CLL, Khoo SKM, Ong JLE, Ramireddi GK, Yeo TW, Teo A. Malaria in Pregnancy: From Placental Infection to Its Abnormal Development and Damage. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:777343. [PMID: 34867919 PMCID: PMC8636035 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.777343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains a global health burden with Plasmodium falciparum accounting for the highest mortality and morbidity. Malaria in pregnancy can lead to the development of placental malaria, where P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes adhere to placental receptors, triggering placental inflammation and subsequent damage, causing harm to both mother and her infant. Histopathological studies of P. falciparum-infected placentas revealed various placental abnormalities such as excessive perivillous fibrinoid deposits, breakdown of syncytiotrophoblast integrity, trophoblast basal lamina thickening, increased syncytial knotting, and accumulation of mononuclear immune cells within intervillous spaces. These events in turn, are likely to impair placental development and function, ultimately causing placental insufficiency, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm delivery and low birth weight. Hence, a better understanding of the mechanisms behind placental alterations and damage during placental malaria is needed for the design of effective interventions. In this review, using evidence from human studies and murine models, an integrated view on the potential mechanisms underlying placental pathologies in malaria in pregnancy is provided. The molecular, immunological and metabolic changes in infected placentas that reflect their responses to the parasitic infection and injury are discussed. Finally, potential models that can be used by researchers to improve our understanding on the pathogenesis of malaria in pregnancy and placental pathologies are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jun Long Ernest Ong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Tsin Wen Yeo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrew Teo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine at Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sarr D, Oliveira LJ, Russ BN, Owino SO, Middii JD, Mwalimu S, Ambasa L, Almutairi F, Vulule J, Rada B, Moore JM. Myeloperoxidase and Other Markers of Neutrophil Activation Associate With Malaria and Malaria/HIV Coinfection in the Human Placenta. Front Immunol 2021; 12:682668. [PMID: 34737733 PMCID: PMC8562302 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.682668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Placental malaria (PM) is characterized by accumulation of inflammatory leukocytes in the placenta, leading to poor pregnancy outcomes. Understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains incomplete. Neutrophils respond to malaria parasites by phagocytosis, generation of oxidants, and externalization of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs). NETs drive inflammation in malaria but evidence of NETosis in PM has not been reported. Neutrophil activity in the placenta has not been directly investigated in the context of PM and PM/HIV-co-infection. Methods Using peripheral and placental plasma samples and placental tissue collected from Kenyan women at risk for malaria and HIV infections, we assessed granulocyte levels across all gravidities and markers of neutrophil activation, including NET formation, in primi- and secundigravid women, by ELISA, western blot, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Results Reduced peripheral blood granulocyte numbers are observed with PM and PM/HIV co-infection in association with increasing parasite density and placental leukocyte hemozoin accumulation. In contrast, placental granulocyte levels are unchanged across infection groups, resulting in enhanced placental: peripheral count ratios with PM. Within individuals, PM- women have reduced granulocyte counts in placental relative to peripheral blood; in contrast, PM stabilizes these relative counts, with HIV coinfection tending to elevate placental counts relative to the periphery. In placental blood, indicators of neutrophil activation, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and proteinase 3 (PRTN3), are significantly elevated with PM and, more profoundly, with PM/HIV co-infection, in association with placental parasite density and hemozoin-bearing leukocyte accumulation. Another neutrophil marker, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP9), together with MPO and PRTN3, is elevated with self-reported fever. None of these factors, including the neutrophil chemoattractant, CXCL8, differs in relation to infant birth weight or gestational age. CXCL8 and MPO levels in the peripheral blood do not differ with infection status nor associate with birth outcomes. Indicators of NETosis in the placental plasma do not vary with infection, and while structures consistent with NETs are observed in placental tissue, the results do not support an association with PM. Conclusions Granulocyte levels are differentially regulated in the peripheral and placental blood in the presence and absence of PM. PM, both with and without pre-existing HIV infection, enhances neutrophil activation in the placenta. The impact of local neutrophil activation on placental function and maternal and fetal health remains unclear. Additional investigations exploring how neutrophil activation and NETosis participate in the pathogenesis of malaria in pregnant women are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Demba Sarr
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Lilian J. Oliveira
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Brittany N. Russ
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Simon O. Owino
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Vector Biology and Control Research Centre, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisian, Kenya
- University of Georgia/Kenya Medical Research Institute Placental Malaria Study, Siaya District Hospital, Siaya, Kenya
- Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Joab D. Middii
- Vector Biology and Control Research Centre, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisian, Kenya
- University of Georgia/Kenya Medical Research Institute Placental Malaria Study, Siaya District Hospital, Siaya, Kenya
- Kisumu Specialists Hospital Laboratory, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Stephen Mwalimu
- Vector Biology and Control Research Centre, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisian, Kenya
- University of Georgia/Kenya Medical Research Institute Placental Malaria Study, Siaya District Hospital, Siaya, Kenya
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Linda Ambasa
- Vector Biology and Control Research Centre, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisian, Kenya
- University of Georgia/Kenya Medical Research Institute Placental Malaria Study, Siaya District Hospital, Siaya, Kenya
- #1 Heartsaved Adult Family Care, Marysville, WA, United States
| | - Faris Almutairi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - John Vulule
- Vector Biology and Control Research Centre, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisian, Kenya
| | - Balázs Rada
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Julie M. Moore
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Vector Biology and Control Research Centre, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisian, Kenya
- University of Georgia/Kenya Medical Research Institute Placental Malaria Study, Siaya District Hospital, Siaya, Kenya
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sena-dos-Santos C, Braga-da-Silva C, Marques D, Azevedo dos Santos Pinheiro J, Ribeiro-dos-Santos Â, Cavalcante GC. Unraveling Cell Death Pathways during Malaria Infection: What Do We Know So Far? Cells 2021; 10:479. [PMID: 33672278 PMCID: PMC7926694 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a parasitic disease (caused by different Plasmodium species) that affects millions of people worldwide. The lack of effective malaria drugs and a vaccine contributes to this disease, continuing to cause major public health and socioeconomic problems, especially in low-income countries. Cell death is implicated in malaria immune responses by eliminating infected cells, but it can also provoke an intense inflammatory response and lead to severe malaria outcomes. The study of the pathophysiological role of cell death in malaria in mammalians is key to understanding the parasite-host interactions and design prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for malaria. In this work, we review malaria-triggered cell death pathways (apoptosis, autophagy, necrosis, pyroptosis, NETosis, and ferroptosis) and we discuss their potential role in the development of new approaches for human malaria therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Sena-dos-Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.075-110, Brazil; (C.S.-d.-S.); (C.B.-d.-S.); (D.M.); (J.A.d.S.P.); (Â.R.-d.-S.)
| | - Cíntia Braga-da-Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.075-110, Brazil; (C.S.-d.-S.); (C.B.-d.-S.); (D.M.); (J.A.d.S.P.); (Â.R.-d.-S.)
| | - Diego Marques
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.075-110, Brazil; (C.S.-d.-S.); (C.B.-d.-S.); (D.M.); (J.A.d.S.P.); (Â.R.-d.-S.)
| | - Jhully Azevedo dos Santos Pinheiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.075-110, Brazil; (C.S.-d.-S.); (C.B.-d.-S.); (D.M.); (J.A.d.S.P.); (Â.R.-d.-S.)
| | - Ândrea Ribeiro-dos-Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.075-110, Brazil; (C.S.-d.-S.); (C.B.-d.-S.); (D.M.); (J.A.d.S.P.); (Â.R.-d.-S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oncologia e Ciências Médicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.075-110, Brazil
| | - Giovanna C. Cavalcante
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.075-110, Brazil; (C.S.-d.-S.); (C.B.-d.-S.); (D.M.); (J.A.d.S.P.); (Â.R.-d.-S.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Al-Quraishy S, Murshed M, Delic D, Al-Shaebi EM, Qasem MAA, Mares MM, Dkhil MA. Plasmodium chabaudi-infected mice spleen response to synthesized silver nanoparticles from Indigofera oblongifolia extract. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 71:542-549. [PMID: 32749003 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a worldwide serious-threatening infectious disease caused by Plasmodium and the parasite resistance to antimalarial drugs has confirmed a significant obstacle to novel therapeutic antimalarial drugs. In this article, we assessed the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of nanoparticles prepared from Indigofera oblongifolia extract (AgNPs) against the infection with Plasmodium chabaudi caused in mice spleen. AgNPs could significantly suppress the parasitaemia caused by the parasite to approximately 98% on day 7 postinfection with P. chabaudi and could improve the histopathological induced spleen damage. Also, AgNPs were able to increase the capsule thickness of the infected mice spleen. In addition, the AgNPs functioned as an antioxidant agent that affects the change in glutathione, nitric oxide and catalase levels in the spleen. Moreover spleen IL1β, IL-6 and TNF-α-mRNA expression was regulated by AgNPs administration to the infected mice. These results indicated the anti-oxidant and the anti-inflammatory protective role of AgNPs against P. chabaudi-induced spleen injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Al-Quraishy
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Murshed
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - D Delic
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach, Germany
| | - E M Al-Shaebi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A A Qasem
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M M Mares
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Dkhil
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Morffy Smith CD, Russ BN, Andrew AK, Cooper CA, Moore JM. A novel murine model for assessing fetal and birth outcomes following transgestational maternal malaria infection. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19566. [PMID: 31862902 PMCID: PMC6925284 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55588-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum infection during pregnancy is a major cause of severe maternal illness and neonatal mortality. Mouse models are important for the study of gestational malaria pathogenesis. When infected with Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS in early gestation, several inbred mouse strains abort at midgestation. We report here that outbred Swiss Webster mice infected with P. chabaudi chabaudi AS in early gestation carry their pregnancies to term despite high parasite burden and malarial hemozoin accumulation in the placenta at midgestation, with the latter associated with induction of heme oxygenase 1 expression. Infection yields reduced fetal weight and viability at term and a reduction in pup number at weaning, but does not influence postnatal growth prior to weaning. This novel model allows for the exploration of malaria infection throughout pregnancy, modeling chronic infections observed in pregnant women prior to the birth of underweight infants and enabling the production of progeny exposed to malaria in utero, which is critical for understanding the postnatal repercussions of gestational malaria. The use of outbred mice allows for the exploration of gestational malaria in a genetically diverse model system, better recapitulating the diversity of infection responses observed in human populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine D Morffy Smith
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Brittany N Russ
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Alicer K Andrew
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Caitlin A Cooper
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Julie M Moore
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States. .,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pandya Y, Penha-Gonçalves C. Maternal-Fetal Conflict During Infection: Lessons From a Mouse Model of Placental Malaria. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1126. [PMID: 31178840 PMCID: PMC6542978 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections that reach the placenta via maternal blood can target the fetal-placental barrier and are associated with reduced birth weight, increased stillbirth, miscarriage and perinatal mortality. Malaria during pregnancy can lead to infection of the placental tissue and to adverse effects on the unborn child even if the parasite is successfully cleared, indicating that placental sufficiency is significantly compromised. Human samples and animal models of placental malaria have been used to unravel mechanisms contributing to this insufficiency and have implicated molecular pathways related to inflammation, innate immunity and nutrient transport. Remarkably, fetal TLR4 was found to take part in placental responses that protect the fetus, in contrast to maternal TLR4 responses that presumably preserve the mother‘s health but result in reduced fetal viability. We propose that this conflict of fetal and maternal responses is a determinant of the clinical outcomes of placental malaria and that fetally derived trophoblasts are on the front lines of this conflict.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yash Pandya
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kawahara R, Rosa-Fernandes L, Dos Santos AF, Bandeira CL, Dombrowski JG, Souza RM, Da Fonseca MP, Festuccia WT, Labriola L, Larsen MR, Marinho CRF, Palmisano G. Integrated Proteomics Reveals Apoptosis-related Mechanisms Associated with Placental Malaria. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:182-199. [PMID: 30242111 PMCID: PMC6356084 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.000907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria in pregnancy is a public health concern in malaria-endemic areas. Accumulation of maternal immune cells in the placenta and increased levels of inflammatory cytokines caused by sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes have been associated to poor neonatal outcomes, including low birth weight because of fetal growth restriction. Little is known about the molecular changes occurring in a P. falciparum-infected placenta that has developed placental malaria during pregnancy but had the parasites cleared by pharmacological treatment (past infection). We conducted an integrated proteome, phosphoproteome and glycoproteome analysis in past P. falciparum-infected placentas aiming to find molecular changes associated with placental malaria. A total of 2946 proteins, 1733 N-linked glycosites and 4100 phosphosites were identified and quantified in this study, disclosing overrepresented processes related to oxidative stress, protein folding and regulation of apoptosis in past-infected placentas Moreover, AKT and ERK signaling pathways activation, together with clinical data, were further correlated to an increased apoptosis in past-infected placentas. This study showed apoptosis-related mechanisms associated with placental malaria that can be further explored as therapeutic target against adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Kawahara
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Livia Rosa-Fernandes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Carla Letícia Bandeira
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jamille G Dombrowski
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo M Souza
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - William T Festuccia
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leticia Labriola
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martin R Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Claudio R F Marinho
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil;.
| | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil;.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Triquell MF, Díaz-Luján C, Romanini MC, Ramirez JC, Paglini-Oliva P, Schijman AG, Fretes RE. Nitric oxide synthase and oxidative-nitrosative stress play a key role in placental infection by Trypanosoma cruzi. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 80:e12852. [PMID: 29577492 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM The innate immune response of the placenta may participate in the congenital transmission of Chagas disease through releasing reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates. METHOD OF STUDY Placental explants were cultured with 1 × 106 and 1 × 105 trypomastigotes of Tulahuen and Lucky strains and controls without parasites, and with the addition of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor Nω-Nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) as the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger. Detachment of the syncytiotrophoblast (STB) was examined by histological analysis, and the nitric oxide synthase, endothelial (eNOS), and nitrotyrosine expressions were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, as well as the human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) levels in the culture supernatant through ELISA assays. Parasite load with qPCR using Taqman primers was quantified. RESULTS The higher number of T. cruzi (106 ) increased placental infection, eNOS expression, nitrosative stress, and STB detachment, with the placental barrier being injured by oxidative stress. CONCLUSION The higher number of parasites caused deleterious consequences to the placental barrier, and the inhibitors (l-NAME and NAC) prevented the damage caused by trypomastigotes in placental villi but not that of the infection. Moreover, trophoblast eNOS played a key role in placental infection with the highest inoculum of Lucky, demonstrating the importance of the enzyme and nitrosative-oxidative stress in Chagas congenital transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Fernanda Triquell
- Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Fac. Cs. Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba-INICSA (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina.,Histología y Citología, Instituto de Ciencias Humanas, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cintia Díaz-Luján
- Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Fac. Cs. Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba-INICSA (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina.,Histología y Citología, Instituto de Ciencias Humanas, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Cristina Romanini
- Departamento de Anatomía-Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Juan Carlos Ramirez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de la Enfermedad de Chagas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr Hector Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Paglini-Oliva
- Cátedra de Física Biomédica, Facultad Cs. Médicas, Universidad Nacional Córdoba, Córdoba-INICSA (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Gabriel Schijman
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de la Enfermedad de Chagas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr Hector Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Emilio Fretes
- Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Fac. Cs. Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba-INICSA (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina.,Histología y Citología, Instituto de Ciencias Humanas, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina.,IICSHUM-Histología y Embriología, Universidad Nacional de La Rioja, La Rioja, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sharma L, Shukla G. Placental Malaria: A New Insight into the Pathophysiology. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:117. [PMID: 28791290 PMCID: PMC5524764 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria in pregnancy poses a great health risk to mother and her fetus and results into complications, such as abortion, still birth, intra uterine growth retardation, and low birth weight. The heavy infiltration of Plasmodium falciparum-infected RBCs in the intervillous spaces of placenta seems to be responsible for all the complications observed. Infected RBCs in the placenta cause an inflammatory environment with increase in inflammatory cells and cytokines which is deleterious to the placenta. Increased inflammatory responses in the infected placenta result into oxidative stress that in turn causes oxidative stress-induced placental cell death. Moreover, heat shock proteins that are produced in high concentration in stressed cells to combat the stress have been reported in fewer concentrations in malaria-infected placenta. Pathologies associated with placental malaria seems to be the effect of a change in immune status from antibody-mediated immune response to cell-mediated immune response resulting into excess inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and decreased heat shock protein expression. However, we also need to study other aspects of pathologies so that better drugs can be designed with new molecular targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lalita Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Geeta Shukla
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sarr D, Cooper CA, Bracken TC, Martinez-Uribe O, Nagy T, Moore JM. Oxidative Stress: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Placental Malaria. Immunohorizons 2017; 1:29-41. [PMID: 28890952 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.1700002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental malaria, characterized by sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum in the maternal placental blood space and associated inflammatory damage, contributes to poor birth outcomes and ~200,000 infant deaths annually. Specific mechanisms that contribute to placental damage and dysfunction during malaria are not completely understood. To investigate a potential role for oxidative stress, antioxidant genes and markers for oxidative damage were assessed by quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry in Plasmodium chabaudi AS-infected pregnant mice. Widespread evidence of lipid peroxidation was observed and was associated with higher antioxidant gene expression in conceptuses of infected mice. To assess the extent to which this oxidative damage might contribute to poor birth outcomes and be amenable to therapeutic intervention, infected pregnant mice were treated with N-acetylcysteine, a free radical scavenger, or tempol, an intracellular superoxide dismutase mimetic. The results show that mice treated with N-acetylcysteine experienced malaria induced-pregnancy loss at the same rate as control animals and failed to mitigate placental oxidative damage. In contrast, tempol-treated mice exhibited subtle improvement in embryo survival at gestation day 12. Although lipid peroxidation was not consistently reduced in the placentas of these mice, it was inversely related to embryo viability. Moreover, reduced IFN-γ and CCL2 plasma levels in treated mice were associated with midgestational embryo viability. Thus, although oxidative stress is remarkable in placental malaria and its mitigation by antioxidant therapy may improve pregnancy outcomes, the underlying mechanistic basis and potential therapeutic strategies require additional investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Demba Sarr
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Caitlin A Cooper
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Tara C Bracken
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Omar Martinez-Uribe
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Tamas Nagy
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Julie M Moore
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu M, Hassana S, Stiles JK. Heme-mediated apoptosis and fusion damage in BeWo trophoblast cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36193. [PMID: 27796349 PMCID: PMC5086917 DOI: 10.1038/srep36193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental malaria (PM) is a complication associated with malaria infection during pregnancy that often leads to abortion, premature delivery, intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight. Increased levels of circulating free heme, a by-product of Plasmodium-damaged erythrocytes, is a major contributor to inflammation, tissue damage and loss of blood brain barrier integrity associated with fatal experimental cerebral malaria. However, the role of heme in PM remains unknown. Proliferation and apoptosis of trophoblasts and fusion of the mononucleated state to the syncytial state are of major importance to a successful pregnancy. In the present study, we examined the effects of heme on the viability and fusion of a trophoblast-derived cell line (BeWo). Results indicate that heme induces apoptosis in BeWo cells by activation of the STAT3/caspase-3/PARP signaling pathway. In the presence of forskolin, which triggers trophoblast fusion, heme inhibits BeWo cell fusion through activation of STAT3. Understanding the effects of free plasma heme in pregnant women either due to malaria, sickle cell disease or other hemolytic diseases, will enable identification of high-risk women and may lead to discovery of new drug targets against associated adverse pregnancy outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30310, United States of America
| | - Salifu Hassana
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30310, United States of America
| | - Jonathan K. Stiles
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30310, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Aubouy A, Olagnier D, Bertin G, Ezinmegnon S, Majorel C, Mimar S, Massougbodji A, Deloron P, Pipy B, Coste A. Nrf2-driven CD36 and HO-1 gene expression in circulating monocytes correlates with favourable clinical outcome in pregnancy-associated malaria. Malar J 2015; 14:358. [PMID: 26385579 PMCID: PMC4575452 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0888-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pregnancy-associated malaria (PAM) constitutes one of the most severe forms of malaria infection leading to fetal growth restriction and high risk of infant death. The severity of the pathology is largely attributed to the recruitment of monocytes and macrophages in the placenta which is evidenced by dysregulated inflammation found in placental blood. Importantly, CD36+ monocytes/macrophages are also thought to participate in the tight control of the pro- and anti-inflammatory responses following Plasmodium detection through elimination of apoptotic cells and malaria-infected erythrocytes, internalization and recycling of oxidized forms of low-density lipoprotein and collaboration with TLR2 in pro-inflammatory response. Interestingly, previous work demonstrated that CD36 expression was upregulated on inflammatory macrophages following stimulation of the Nrf2 transcription factor, whilst the PPARγ pathway was inhibited and non-functional in the same inflammatory conditions. This current study examined the possible role of Nrf2-driven gene expression, CD36 and Haem-Oxygenase-1 (HO-1), in PAM clinical outcomes. Methods Clinical data and biological samples including peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from 27 women presenting PAM. Polychromatic flow cytometry was used to characterize innate immune cell subpopulations and quantify CD36 protein expression level on monocytes. mRNA levels of CD36, PPARγ, Nrf2 and HO-1 were determined by qPCR and related to clinical outcomes. Finally, the capacity of monocytes to modulate CD36 expression upon rosiglitazone or sulforaphane treatment, two respective PPARγ or Nrf2 activators, was also investigated. Results The CD36 receptor, mostly expressed by CD14+ circulating monocytes, statistically correlated with increased infant birth weights. Interestingly, mRNA levels of the transcription factor Nrf2 and the enzyme HO-1 also correlated with lower parasitaemia and increased infant birth weight, while PPARγ mRNA levels did not. Finally, monocytes isolated from low infant birth weight pregnant women were capable of up-regulating CD36 via the Nrf2 pathway ex vivo. Conclusions Altogether these results suggest that Nrf2-driven CD36 and HO-1 expression on innate immune cells could contribute to a protective and detoxifying mechanism during PAM. More powered and mechanistical studies are however needed to strengthen the conclusions of this study. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-015-0888-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Aubouy
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, UMR 152 Pharma-Dev, CHU Rangueil, Bâtiment L1, 1 Avenue du Pr Jean Poulhès, 31059, Toulouse, France.
| | - David Olagnier
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, UMR 152 Pharma-Dev, CHU Rangueil, Bâtiment L1, 1 Avenue du Pr Jean Poulhès, 31059, Toulouse, France. .,Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Gwladys Bertin
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, UMR 216 Mère et enfant face aux infections tropicales, Paris, France.
| | - Sem Ezinmegnon
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme Associé à la Grossesse et l'Enfance (CERPAGE), Cotonou, Benin.
| | - Clarisse Majorel
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, UMR 152 Pharma-Dev, CHU Rangueil, Bâtiment L1, 1 Avenue du Pr Jean Poulhès, 31059, Toulouse, France. .,Laboratoire Insulaire du Vivant et de l'Environnement (LIVE-EA 4243), Université de la Nouvelle-Caledonie (UNC), Nouméa, New Caledonia.
| | - Saliha Mimar
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, UMR 152 Pharma-Dev, CHU Rangueil, Bâtiment L1, 1 Avenue du Pr Jean Poulhès, 31059, Toulouse, France.
| | - Achille Massougbodji
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme Associé à la Grossesse et l'Enfance (CERPAGE), Cotonou, Benin.
| | - Philippe Deloron
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, UMR 216 Mère et enfant face aux infections tropicales, Paris, France.
| | - Bernard Pipy
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, UMR 152 Pharma-Dev, CHU Rangueil, Bâtiment L1, 1 Avenue du Pr Jean Poulhès, 31059, Toulouse, France.
| | - Agnès Coste
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, UMR 152 Pharma-Dev, CHU Rangueil, Bâtiment L1, 1 Avenue du Pr Jean Poulhès, 31059, Toulouse, France.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sharma V, Kaur R, Bhatnagar A, Kaur J. Low-pH-induced apoptosis: role of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced calcium permeability and mitochondria-dependent signaling. Cell Stress Chaperones 2015; 20:431-40. [PMID: 25823563 PMCID: PMC4406939 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-014-0568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The acidic microenvironment around tumor cells is a major determinant in cancer growth, metabolism, and metastasis. However, its role in cancer physiology is still not clearly understood. In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to explore the effect of acidic environment on physiology of cancer cells. Exposure of Raji cells to extracellular acidic environment was associated with enhanced cytosolic calcium level and endoplasmic reticulum stress response. X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) splicing, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), and glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa (GRP78) upregulation suggested endoplasmic reticulum stress generation. On the other hand, real-time-based upregulation of Bax gene expression and flow cytometric analysis of cytochrome c release as well as enhanced active caspase-3 further confirmed mitochondrion-mediated events leading to induction of apoptosis. The expression of TP53 and p21 was upregulated. These observations collectively strongly suggest that both endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated calcium release and Bax targeting might be altering mitochondrion membrane potential which in turn could induce secondary apoptotic signals; subsequently, endoplasmic reticulum stress can also lead to nuclear localization of Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) which in turn favors p53 mediated apoptotic signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Sharma
- />Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ramandeep Kaur
- />Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | | | - Jagdeep Kaur
- />Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Differential roles of inflammation and apoptosis in initiation of mid-gestational abortion in malaria-infected C57BL/6 and A/J mice. Placenta 2015; 36:738-49. [PMID: 25956987 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Plasmodium chabaudi AS-infection in pregnant A/J and C57BL/6J mice results in mid-gestational pregnancy loss. Although associated with increased systemic and placental pro-inflammatory responses and coagulopathy, the molecular mechanisms that underlie poor pregnancy outcomes in these mice are not yet fully understood. This study investigates the relationships between inflammation, apoptosis and malaria-induced pregnancy loss. METHODS Infection with P. chabaudi AS in early murine pregnancy and term human placental tissues from an endemic setting were assessed by histology, immunohistochemistry, TUNEL staining, real-time PCR, flow cytometry, western blot, and ELISA. RESULTS Quantitative PCR reveals accumulation of lymphocytes and monocytes and upregulation of chemokines that attract these cell types in malaria-exposed mid-gestational A/J conceptuses. Monocyte accumulation is confirmed by flow cytometry and placental immunohistochemistry. Concurrent with initiation of malaria-induced abortion, markers of apoptosis are evident in the junctional zone, but not the labyrinth, of A/J placentae. In contrast, mid-gestation conceptuses in infected C57BL/6J lack evidence for monocyte accumulation, exhibiting low or no in situ placental staining despite trophoblast immunoreactivity for the monokine, CCL2. Additionally, placental apoptosis is not consistently observed, and when evident, appears after malaria-induced abortion typically initiates. Similarly, trophoblast apoptosis in term human placental malaria is not observed. Of those studied, a sole common feature of malaria-induced abortion in A/J and C57BL/6J mice is elevation of plasma tumor necrosis factor. DISCUSSION Consistent with our previous observations, tumor necrosis factor is likely to be a central driver of malaria-induced pregnancy loss in both strains, but likely operates through mechanisms distinct from placental apoptosis in C57BL/6J mice.
Collapse
|
19
|
Videvall E, Cornwallis CK, Palinauskas V, Valkiūnas G, Hellgren O. The avian transcriptome response to malaria infection. Mol Biol Evol 2015; 32:1255-67. [PMID: 25636457 PMCID: PMC4408411 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msv016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria parasites are highly virulent pathogens which infect a wide range of vertebrates. Despite their importance, the way different hosts control and suppress malaria infections remains poorly understood. With recent developments in next-generation sequencing techniques, however, it is now possible to quantify the response of the entire transcriptome to infections. We experimentally infected Eurasian siskins (Carduelis spinus) with avian malaria parasites (Plasmodium ashfordi), and used high-throughput RNA-sequencing to measure the avian transcriptome in blood collected before infection (day 0), during peak parasitemia (day 21 postinfection), and when parasitemia was decreasing (day 31). We found considerable differences in the transcriptomes of infected and uninfected individuals, with a large number of genes differentially expressed during both peak and decreasing parasitemia stages. These genes were overrepresented among functions involved in the immune system, stress response, cell death regulation, metabolism, and telomerase activity. Comparative analyses of the differentially expressed genes in our study to those found in other hosts of malaria (human and mouse) revealed a set of genes that are potentially involved in highly conserved evolutionary responses to malaria infection. By using RNA-sequencing we gained a more complete view of the host response, and were able to pinpoint not only well-documented host genes but also unannotated genes with clear significance during infection, such as microRNAs. This study shows how the avian blood transcriptome shifts in response to malaria infection, and we believe that it will facilitate further research into the diversity of molecular mechanisms that hosts utilize to fight malaria infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elin Videvall
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Olof Hellgren
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
TRPV1 antagonism by capsazepine modulates innate immune response in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:506450. [PMID: 25242870 PMCID: PMC4158567 DOI: 10.1155/2014/506450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thousands of people suffer from severe malaria every year. The innate immune response plays a determinant role in host's defence to malaria. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) modulates macrophage-mediated responses in sepsis, but its role in other pathogenic diseases has never been addressed. We investigated the effects of capsazepine, a TRPV1 antagonist, in malaria. C57BL/6 mice received 10(5) red blood cells infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA intraperitoneally. Noninfected mice were used as controls. Capsazepine or vehicle was given intraperitoneally for 6 days. Mice were culled on day 7 after infection and blood and spleen cell phenotype and activation were evaluated. Capsazepine decreased circulating but not spleen F4/80(+)Ly6G(+) cell numbers as well as activation of both F4/80(+)and F4/80(+)Ly6G(+) cells in infected animals. In addition, capsazepine increased circulating but not spleen GR1(+) and natural killer (NK) population, without interfering with natural killer T (NKT) cell numbers and blood NK and NKT activation. However, capsazepine diminished CD69 expression in spleen NKT but not NK cells. Infection increased lipid peroxidation and the release of TNFα and IFNγ, although capsazepine-treated group exhibited lower levels of lipid peroxidation and TNFα. Capsazepine treatment did not affect parasitaemia. Overall, TRPV1 antagonism modulates the innate immune response to malaria.
Collapse
|
21
|
Sharma L, Shukla G. Treatment of pregnant BALB/c mice with sulphadoxine pyrimethamine or chloroquine abrogates Plasmodium berghei induced placental pathology. Parasitol Int 2014; 63:49-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2013.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
22
|
Sharma L, Kaur J, Shukla G. Expression of heat shock protein 90, 70, 60 and 25 in the placenta of Plasmodium berghei infected BALB/c mice. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(14)60487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
23
|
LIU HAITAO, HOU FENG, LIANG HAIYING, LIU GUOCHENG, LI YUNFEI. Effects of diagnostic ultrasound on HSP70 expression in chorionic villi in rats during early pregnancy and the role of HSP70 in apoptosis in chorionic villi. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:1085-92. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
24
|
Role of oxidative stress in infectious diseases. A review. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2013; 58:503-13. [PMID: 23504625 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-013-0239-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a dual role in infections. Free radicals protect against invading microorganisms, and they can also cause tissue damage during the resulting inflammation. In the process of infection, there is generation of reactive species by myeloperoxidase, NADPH oxidase, and nitric oxide synthase. On the other hand, reactive species can be generated among others, by cytochrome P450, some metals, and xanthine oxidase. Some pathologies arising during infection can be attributed to oxidative stress and generation of reactive species in infection can even have fatal consequences. This article reviews the basic pathways in which reactive species can accumulate during infectious diseases and discusses the related health consequences.
Collapse
|
25
|
Souza MC, Silva JD, Pádua TA, Capelozzi VL, Rocco PRM, Henriques MDG. Early and late acute lung injury and their association with distal organ damage in murine malaria. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2013; 186:65-72. [PMID: 23328346 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 11/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Severe malaria is characterised by cerebral oedema, acute lung injury (ALI) and multiple organ dysfunctions, however, the mechanisms of lung and distal organ damage need to be better clarified. Ninety-six C57BL/6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with 5×10(6)Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected erythrocytes or saline. At day 1, Plasmodium berghei infected mice presented greater number of areas with alveolar collapse, neutrophil infiltration and interstitial oedema associated with lung mechanics impairment, which was more severe at day 1 than day 5. Lung tumour necrosis factor-α and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 levels were higher at day 5 compared to day 1. Lung damage occurred in parallel with distal organ injury at day 1; nevertheless, lung inflammation and the presence of malarial pigment in distal organs were more evident at day 5. In conclusion, ALI develops prior to the onset of cerebral malaria symptoms. Later during the course of infection, the established systemic inflammatory response increases distal organ damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C Souza
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rodrigues-Duarte L, de Moraes LV, Barboza R, Marinho CRF, Franke-Fayard B, Janse CJ, Penha-Gonçalves C. Distinct placental malaria pathology caused by different Plasmodium berghei lines that fail to induce cerebral malaria in the C57BL/6 mouse. Malar J 2012; 11:231. [PMID: 22799533 PMCID: PMC3485172 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-11-231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Placental malaria (PM) is one major feature of malaria during pregnancy. A murine model of experimental PM using BALB/c mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA was recently established, but there is need for additional PM models with different parasite/host combinations that allow to interrogate the involvement of specific host genetic factors in the placental inflammatory response to Plasmodium infection. Methods A mid-term infection protocol was used to test PM induction by three P. berghei parasite lines, derived from the K173, NK65 and ANKA strains of P. berghei that fail to induce experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) in the susceptible C57BL/6 mice. Parasitaemia course, pregnancy outcome and placenta pathology induced by the three parasite lines were compared. Results The three P. berghei lines were able to evoke severe PM pathology and poor pregnancy outcome features. The results indicate that parasite components required to induce PM are distinct from ECM. Nevertheless, infection with parasites of the ANKAΔpm4 line, which lack expression of plasmepsin 4, displayed milder disease phenotypes associated with a strong innate immune response as compared to infections with NK65 and K173 parasites. Conclusions Infection of pregnant C57BL/6 females with K173, NK65 and ANKAΔpm4 P. berghei parasites provide experimental systems to identify host molecular components involved in PM pathogenesis mechanisms.
Collapse
|