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Su H, Huang L, Zhou J, Yang G. Prostate cancer stem cells and their targeted therapies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1410102. [PMID: 39175878 PMCID: PMC11338935 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1410102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy among men worldwide. Through androgen receptor signaling inhibitor (ARSI) treatment, patients eventually succumb to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). For this, the prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs), as a minor population of tumor cells that can promote tumor relapse, ARSI resistance, and disease progression, are gaining attention. Therefore, specific therapy targeting PCSCs has momentum. This study reviewed the identification and characterization of PCSCs and PCSC-based putative biomarkers and summarized their mechanisms of action. We further discussed clinical trials of novel therapeutic interventions focused on PCSC-related pathways, the PCSC microenvironment, cutting-edge miRNA therapy, and immunotherapy approaches from a mechanistic standpoint. This review provides updated insights into PCSC plasticity, identifying new PCSC biomarkers and optimized treatments for patients with advanced PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilan Su
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Cancer Stem Cell Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqun Huang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Zhou
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Cancer Stem Cell Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guosheng Yang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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2
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Mazzetti S, Defeudis A, Nicoletti G, Chiorino G, De Luca S, Faletti R, Gatti M, Gontero P, Manfredi M, Mello-Grand M, Peraldo-Neia C, Zitella A, Porpiglia F, Regge D, Giannini V. Development and validation of a clinical decision support system based on PSA, microRNAs, and MRI for the detection of prostate cancer. Eur Radiol 2024; 34:5108-5117. [PMID: 38177618 PMCID: PMC11255044 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-10542-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study are to develop and validate a clinical decision support system based on demographics, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), microRNA (miRNA), and MRI for the detection of prostate cancer (PCa) and clinical significant (cs) PCa, and to assess if this system performs better compared to MRI alone. METHODS This retrospective, multicenter, observational study included 222 patients (mean age 66, range 46-75 years) who underwent prostate MRI, miRNA (let-7a-5p and miR-103a-3p) assessment, and biopsy. Monoparametric and multiparametric models including age, PSA, miRNA, and MRI outcome were trained on 65% of the data and then validated on the remaining 35% to predict both PCa (any Gleason grade [GG]) and csPCa (GG ≥ 2 vs GG = 1/negative). Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value (NPV), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were calculated. RESULTS MRI outcome was the best predictor in the monoparametric model for both detection of PCa, with sensitivity of 90% (95%CI 73-98%) and NPV of 93% (95%CI 82-98%), and for csPCa identification, with sensitivity of 91% (95%CI 72-99%) and NPV of 95% (95%CI 84-99%). Sensitivity and NPV of PSA + miRNA for the detection of csPCa were not statistically different from the other models including MRI alone. CONCLUSION MRI stand-alone yielded the best prediction models for both PCa and csPCa detection in biopsy-naïve patients. The use of miRNAs let-7a-5p and miR-103a-3p did not improve classification performances compared to MRI stand-alone results. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT The use of miRNA (let-7a-5p and miR-103a-3p), PSA, and MRI in a clinical decision support system (CDSS) does not improve MRI stand-alone performance in the detection of PCa and csPCa. KEY POINTS • Clinical decision support systems including MRI improve the detection of both prostate cancer and clinically significant prostate cancer with respect to PSA test and/or microRNA. • The use of miRNAs let-7a-5p and miR-103a-3p did not significantly improve MRI stand-alone performance. • Results of this study were in line with previous works on MRI and microRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Mazzetti
- Radiology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Arianna Defeudis
- Radiology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Giulia Nicoletti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Polytechnic of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Stefano De Luca
- Department of Urology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Faletti
- Radiology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Gatti
- Radiology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Gontero
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Manfredi
- Department of Urology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Zitella
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Porpiglia
- Department of Urology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Daniele Regge
- Radiology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Valentina Giannini
- Radiology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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3
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Mishra J, Chakraborty S, Nandi P, Manna S, Baral T, Niharika, Roy A, Mishra P, Patra SK. Epigenetic regulation of androgen dependent and independent prostate cancer. Adv Cancer Res 2024; 161:223-320. [PMID: 39032951 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies among men worldwide. Besides genetic alterations, epigenetic modulations including DNA methylation, histone modifications and miRNA mediated alteration of gene expression are the key driving forces for the prostate tumor development and cancer progression. Aberrant expression and/or the activity of the epigenetic modifiers/enzymes, results in aberrant expression of genes involved in DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, cell adhesion, apoptosis, autophagy, tumor suppression and hormone response and thereby disease progression. Altered epigenome is associated with prostate cancer recurrence, progression, aggressiveness and transition from androgen-dependent to androgen-independent phenotype. These epigenetic modifications are reversible and various compounds/drugs targeting the epigenetic enzymes have been developed that are effective in cancer treatment. This chapter focuses on the epigenetic alterations in prostate cancer initiation and progression, listing different epigenetic biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of the disease and their potential as therapeutic targets. This chapter also summarizes different epigenetic drugs approved for prostate cancer therapy and the drugs available for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish Mishra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Subhajit Chakraborty
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Piyasa Nandi
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Soumen Manna
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Tirthankar Baral
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Niharika
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Ankan Roy
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Prahallad Mishra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Samir Kumar Patra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India.
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Seasock MJ, Shafiquzzaman M, Ruiz-Echartea ME, Kanchi RS, Tran BT, Simon LM, Meyer MD, Erice PA, Lotlikar SL, Wenlock SC, Ochsner SA, Enright A, Carisey AF, Romero F, Rosas IO, King KY, McKenna NJ, Coarfa C, Rodriguez A. Let-7 restrains an oncogenic epigenetic circuit in AT2 cells to prevent ectopic formation of fibrogenic transitional cell intermediates and pulmonary fibrosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.22.595205. [PMID: 38826218 PMCID: PMC11142151 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.22.595205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Analysis of lung alveolar type 2 (AT2) progenitor stem cells has highlighted fundamental mechanisms that direct their differentiation into alveolar type 1 cells (AT1s) in lung repair and disease. However, microRNA (miRNA) mediated post-transcriptional mechanisms which govern this nexus remain understudied. We show here that the let-7 miRNA family serves a homeostatic role in governance of AT2 quiescence, specifically by preventing the uncontrolled accumulation of AT2 transitional cells and by promoting AT1 differentiation to safeguard the lung from spontaneous alveolar destruction and fibrosis. Using mice and organoid models with genetic ablation of let-7a1/let-7f1/let-7d cluster (let-7afd) in AT2 cells, we demonstrate prevents AT1 differentiation and results in aberrant accumulation of AT2 transitional cells in progressive pulmonary fibrosis. Integration of enhanced AGO2 UV-crosslinking and immunoprecipitation sequencing (AGO2-eCLIP) with RNA-sequencing from AT2 cells uncovered the induction of direct targets of let-7 in an oncogene feed-forward regulatory network including BACH1/EZH2 which drives an aberrant fibrotic cascade. Additional analyses by CUT&RUN-sequencing revealed loss of let-7afd hampers AT1 differentiation by eliciting aberrant histone EZH2 methylation which prevents the exit of AT2 transitional cells into terminal AT1s. This study identifies let-7 as a key gatekeeper of post-transcriptional and epigenetic chromatin signals to prevent AT2-driven pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Seasock
- Immunology & Microbiology Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
- Department of Medicine, Immunology & Allergy Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX, 77030
| | - Md Shafiquzzaman
- Department of Medicine, Immunology & Allergy Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX, 77030
| | - Maria E. Ruiz-Echartea
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Rupa S. Kanchi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Brandon T. Tran
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Lukas M. Simon
- Therapeutic Innovation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | | | - Phillip A. Erice
- Immunology & Microbiology Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
- Department of Medicine, Immunology & Allergy Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX, 77030
| | - Shivani L. Lotlikar
- Department of Medicine, Immunology & Allergy Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX, 77030
| | | | - Scott A. Ochsner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Anton Enright
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Alex F. Carisey
- William T. Shearer Center for Immunobiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030
- Current Address: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Freddy Romero
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Baylor College of Medicine. Houston, TX, 77030
- Current Address: Vertex Pharmaceuticals, 3215 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA, 92121
| | - Ivan O. Rosas
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Baylor College of Medicine. Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Katherine Y. King
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Neil J. McKenna
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Antony Rodriguez
- Department of Medicine, Immunology & Allergy Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX, 77030
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, 77030
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. Debakey, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
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Alshahrani SH, Yuliastanti T, Al-Dolaimy F, Korotkova NL, Rasulova I, Almuala AF, Alsaalamy A, Ali SHJ, Alasheqi MQ, Mustafa YF. A glimpse into let-7e roles in human disorders; friend or foe? Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:154992. [PMID: 38103367 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been linked to abnormal expression and regulation in a number of diseases, including cancer. Recent studies have concentrated on miRNA Let-7e's significance in precision medicine for cancer screening and diagnosis as well as its prognostic and therapeutic potential. Differential let-7e levels in bodily fluids have the possibility to enable early detection of cancer utilizing less-invasive techniques, reducing biopsy-related risks. Although Let-7e miRNAs have been described as tumor suppressors, it is crucial to note that there exists proof to support their oncogenic activity in vitro and in in vivo. Let-7e's significance in chemo- and radiation treatment decisions has also been demonstrated. Let-7e can also prevent the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines in a number of degenerative disorders, including musculoskeletal and neurological conditions. For the first time, an overview of the significance of let-7e in the prevention, detection, and therapy of cancer and other conditions has been given in the current review. Additionally, we focused on the specific molecular processes that underlie the actions of let-7e, more particularly, on malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nadezhda L Korotkova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation; Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Privolzhsky Research Medical University" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Irodakhon Rasulova
- School of Humanities, Natural & Social Sciences, New Uzbekistan University, 54 Mustaqillik Ave., Tashkent 100007, Uzbekistan; Department of Public Health, Samarkand State Medical University, Amir Temur Street 18, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | - Abbas Firras Almuala
- College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University of Babylon, Iraq
| | - Ali Alsaalamy
- College of Technical Engineering, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna 66002, Iraq
| | - Saad Hayif Jasim Ali
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Health and Medical Technololgy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | | | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul 41001, Iraq
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6
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Khan MM, Sharma V, Serajuddin M. Emerging role of miRNA in prostate cancer: A future era of diagnostic and therapeutics. Gene 2023; 888:147761. [PMID: 37666374 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men (20%) and is responsible for 6.8% (1/5) of all cancer-related deaths in men around the world. The development and spread of prostate cancer are driven by a wide variety of genomic changes and extensive epigenetic events. Because of this, the MicroRNA (miRNA) and associated molecular mechanisms involved in PCa genesis and aggressive were only partially identified until today. The miRNAs are a newly discovered category of regulatorsthat have recently been recognized to have a significant role in regulating numerous elements of cancer mechanisms, such as proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, and apoptosis. The miRNAs are a type of small (22-24 nucleotides), non-coding, endogenous, single-stranded RNA and work as potent gene regulators. Various types of cancer, including PCa, have found evidence that miRNA genes, which are often located in cancer-related genetic regions or fragile locations, have a role in the primary steps of tumorigenesis, either as oncogenes or tumorsuppressors. To explain the link between miRNAs and their function in the initiation and advancement of PCa, we conducted a preliminary assessment. The purpose of this research was to enhance our understanding of the connection between miRNA expression profiles and PCa by elucidating the fundamental processes of miRNA expression and the target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Mabood Khan
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Vineeta Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville 37232, TN, USA
| | - Mohammad Serajuddin
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India
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7
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Dong Q, Qiu H, Piao C, Li Z, Cui X. LncRNA SNHG4 promotes prostate cancer cell survival and resistance to enzalutamide through a let-7a/RREB1 positive feedback loop and a ceRNA network. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:209. [PMID: 37596700 PMCID: PMC10436424 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02774-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer threatens the health of men over sixty years old, and its incidence ranks first among all urinary tumors among men. Enzalutamide remains the first-line drug for castration-resistant prostate cancer, however, tumors inevitably become resistant to enzalutamide. Hence, it is of great importance to investigate the mechanisms that induce enzalutamide resistance in prostate cancer cells. METHODS Bioinformatic analyzing approaches were used to identified the over-expressed genes in prostate cancer tumor tissues from three GEO datasets. qRT-PCR, western blotting and immunochemistry/In situ hybridization staining assays were performed to assess the expression of SNHG4, RRM2, TK1, AURKA, EZH2 and RREB1. Cell cycle was measured by flow cytometry. CCK-8, plate colony formation and EdU assays were performed to assess the cell proliferation. Senescence-associated β-Gal assay was used to detect the cell senescence level. γ-H2AX staining assay was performed to assess the DNA damages of PCa cells. Luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay were performed to verify the RNA-RNA interactions. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was performed to assess the bindings between protein and genomic DNA. RESULTS We found that RRM2 and NUSAP1 are highly expressed in PCa tumors and significantly correlated with poor clinical outcomes in PCa patients. Bioinformatic analysis as well as experimental validation suggested that SNHG4 regulates RRM2 expression via a let-7 miRNA-mediated ceRNA network. In addition, SNHG4 or RRM2 knockdown significantly induced cell cycle arrest and cell senescence, and inhibited DNA damage repair and cell proliferation, and the effects can be partially reversed by let-7a knockdown or RRM2 reoverexpression. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that SNHG4 overexpression markedly enhanced cell resistance to enzalutamide. RREB1 was demonstrated to transcriptionally regulate SNHG4, and RREB1 was also validated to be a target of let-7a and thereby regulated by the SNHG4/let-7a feedback loop. CONCLUSION Our study uncovered a novel molecular mechanism of lncRNA SNHG4 in driving prostate cancer progression and enzalutamide resistance, revealing the critical roles and therapeutic potential of RREB1, SNHG4, RRM2 and let-7 miRNAs in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhuo Dong
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of China Medical University, #155 Nanjing North Road, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Hui Qiu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Chiyuan Piao
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of China Medical University, #155 Nanjing North Road, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Zhengxiu Li
- Department of Dermatology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xiaolu Cui
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of China Medical University, #155 Nanjing North Road, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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Azani A, Omran SP, Ghasrsaz H, Idani A, Eliaderani MK, Peirovi N, Dokhani N, Lotfalizadeh MH, Rezaei MM, Ghahfarokhi MS, KarkonShayan S, Hanjani PN, Kardaan Z, Navashenagh JG, Yousefi M, Abdolahi M, Salmaninejad A. MicroRNAs as biomarkers for early diagnosis, targeting and prognosis of prostate cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154618. [PMID: 37331185 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Globally, prostate cancer (PC) is leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men worldwide. Despite significant advances in the treatment and management of this disease, the cure rates for PC remains low, largely due to late detection. PC detection is mostly reliant on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal examination (DRE); however, due to the low positive predictive value of current diagnostics, there is an urgent need to identify new accurate biomarkers. Recent studies support the biological role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the initiation and progression of PC, as well as their potential as novel biomarkers for patients' diagnosis, prognosis, and disease relapse. In the advanced stages, cancer-cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (SEVs) may constitute a significant part of circulating vesicles and cause detectable changes in the plasma vesicular miRNA profile. Recent computational model for the identification of miRNA biomarkers discussed. In addition, accumulating evidence indicates that miRNAs can be utilized to target PC cells. In this article, the current understanding of the role of microRNAs and exosomes in the pathogenesis and their significance in PC prognosis, early diagnosis, chemoresistance, and treatment are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Azani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sima Parvizi Omran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haniyeh Ghasrsaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Asra Idani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Niloufar Peirovi
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Dokhani
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Sepideh KarkonShayan
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Parisa Najari Hanjani
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Science, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Zahra Kardaan
- Department of Cellular Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Meysam Yousefi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mitra Abdolahi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Arash Salmaninejad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Regenerative Medicine, Organ Procurement and Transplantation Multi-Disciplinary Center, Razi Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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9
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Gao K, Li X, Ni J, Wu B, Guo J, Zhang R, Wu G. Non-coding RNAs in enzalutamide resistance of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Lett 2023; 566:216247. [PMID: 37263338 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Enzalutamide (Enz) is a next-generation androgen receptor (AR) antagonist used to treat castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Unfortunately, the relapsing nature of CRPC results in the development of Enz resistance in many patients. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are RNA molecules that do not encode proteins, which include microRNAs (miRNA), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and other ncRNAs with known and unknown functions. Recently, dysregulation of ncRNAs in CRPC, particularly their regulatory function in drug resistance, has attracted more and more attention. Herein, we introduce the roles of dysregulation of different ncRNAs subclasses in the development of CRPC progression and Enz resistance. Recently determined mechanisms of Enz resistance are discussed, focusing mainly on the role of AR-splice variant-7 (AR-V7), mutations, circRNAs and lncRNAs that act as miRNA sponges. Also, the contributions of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and glucose metabolism to Enz resistance are discussed. We summarize the different mechanisms of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in the progression of CRPC and Enz resistance, and highlight the prospect of future therapeutic strategies against Enz resistance.
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MESH Headings
- Male
- Humans
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/drug therapy
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/metabolism
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/therapeutic use
- RNA, Circular/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
- Nitriles
- Androgen Receptor Antagonists/therapeutic use
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/therapeutic use
- Cell Line, Tumor
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Gao
- Department of Urology, Xi'an People's Hospital(Xi'an Fourth Hospital), School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710199, China; The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Xiaoshun Li
- Department of Urology, Xi'an People's Hospital(Xi'an Fourth Hospital), School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710199, China.
| | - Jianxin Ni
- Department of Urology, Xi'an People's Hospital(Xi'an Fourth Hospital), School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710199, China.
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Urology, Xi'an People's Hospital(Xi'an Fourth Hospital), School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710199, China.
| | - Jiaheng Guo
- Department of Urology, Xi'an People's Hospital(Xi'an Fourth Hospital), School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710199, China; The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China; The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Guojun Wu
- Department of Urology, Xi'an People's Hospital(Xi'an Fourth Hospital), School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710199, China.
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10
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Ramesh S, Selvakumar P, Ameer MY, Lian S, Abdullah Alzarooni AIM, Ojha S, Mishra A, Tiwari A, Kaushik A, Jung YD, Chouaib S, Lakshmanan VK. State-of-the-art therapeutic strategies for targeting cancer stem cells in prostate cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1059441. [PMID: 36969009 PMCID: PMC10035756 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1059441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new therapeutic strategies is on the increase for prostate cancer stem cells, owing to current standardized therapies for prostate cancer, including chemotherapy, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), radiotherapy, and surgery, often failing because of tumor relapse ability. Ultimately, tumor relapse develops into advanced castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which becomes an irreversible and systemic disease. Hence, early identification of the intracellular components and molecular networks that promote prostate cancer is crucial for disease management and therapeutic intervention. One of the potential therapeutic methods for aggressive prostate cancer is to target prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs), which appear to be a primary focal point of cancer metastasis and recurrence and are resistant to standardized therapies. PCSCs have also been documented to play a major role in regulating tumorigenesis, sphere formation, and the metastasis ability of prostate cancer with their stemness features. Therefore, the current review highlights the origin and identification of PCSCs and their role in anti-androgen resistance, as well as stemness-related signaling pathways. In addition, the review focuses on the current advanced therapeutic strategies for targeting PCSCs that are helping to prevent prostate cancer initiation and progression, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), nanotechnology, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) gene-editing system, and photothermal ablation (PTA) therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Ramesh
- Prostate Cancer Biomarker Laboratory, Faculty of Clinical Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Preethi Selvakumar
- Prostate Cancer Biomarker Laboratory, Faculty of Clinical Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Mohamed Yazeer Ameer
- Prostate Cancer Biomarker Laboratory, Faculty of Clinical Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Sen Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anshuman Mishra
- Translational Research & Sustainable Healthcare Management, Institute of Advanced Materials, IAAM, Ulrika, Sweden
| | - Ashutosh Tiwari
- Translational Research & Sustainable Healthcare Management, Institute of Advanced Materials, IAAM, Ulrika, Sweden
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL, United States
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, India
| | - Young Do Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Salem Chouaib
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- INSERM UMR1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, EPHE, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Vinoth-Kumar Lakshmanan
- Prostate Cancer Biomarker Laboratory, Faculty of Clinical Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
- Translational Research & Sustainable Healthcare Management, Institute of Advanced Materials, IAAM, Ulrika, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Vinoth-Kumar Lakshmanan,
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11
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Discovery of Novel Lin28 Inhibitors to Suppress Cancer Cell Stemness. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225687. [PMID: 36428779 PMCID: PMC9688808 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lin28 is a pluripotency factor that regulates cancer cell stem-like phenotypes to promote cancer development and therapy-resistant tumor progression. It acts through its cold shock domain and zinc knuckle domain (ZKD) to interact with the Let-7 pre-microRNA and block Let-7 biosynthesis. Chemical inhibition of Lin28 from interacting with Let-7 presents a therapeutic strategy for cancer therapy. Herein, we present the computer-aided development of small molecules by in silico screening 18 million compounds from the ZINC20 library, followed by the biological validation of 163 predicted compounds to confirm 15 new Lin28 inhibitors. We report three lead compounds, Ln7, Ln15, and Ln115, that target the ZKD of both Lin28A and Lin28B isoforms and block Lin28 from binding Let-7. They restore Let-7 expression and suppress tumor oncogenes such as SOX2 in cancer cells and show strong inhibitory effects on cancer cell stem-like phenotypes. However, minimal impacts of these compounds were observed on Lin28-negative cells, confirming the on-target effects of these compounds. We conclude from this study the discovery of several new Lin28 inhibitors as promising candidate compounds that warrant further drug development into potential anticancer therapies.
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12
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Chauhan N, Manojkumar A, Jaggi M, Chauhan SC, Yallapu MM. microRNA-205 in prostate cancer: Overview to clinical translation. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188809. [PMID: 36191828 PMCID: PMC9996811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PrCa) is the most common type of cancer among men in the United States. The metastatic and advanced PrCa develops drug resistance to current regimens which accounts for the poor management. microRNAs (miRNAs) have been well-documented for their diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic roles in various human cancers. Recent literature confirmed that microRNA-205 (miR-205) has been established as one of the tumor suppressors in PrCa. miR-205 regulates number of cellular functions, such as proliferation, invasion, migration/metastasis, and apoptosis. It is also evident that miR-205 can serve as a key biomarker in diagnostic, prognostic, and therapy of PrCa. Therefore, in this review, we will provide an overview of tumor suppressive role of miR-205 in PrCa. This work also outlines miR-205's specific role in targeted mechanisms for chemosensitization and radiosensitization in PrCa. A facile approach of delivery paths for successful clinical translation is documented. Together, all these studies provide a novel insight of miR-205 as an adjuvant agent for reducing the widening gaps in clinical outcome of PrCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Chauhan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Anjali Manojkumar
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Subhash C Chauhan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Murali M Yallapu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA.
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13
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MicroRNA Associated with the Invasive Phenotype in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Let-7c-5p Inhibits Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion by Targeting Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102425. [DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential microRNA (miRNA) expression can portend clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) progression. In a previous study, we identified a subset of dysregulated miRNA in small renal masses, pT1 ccRCC (≤5 cm) that are associated with an aggressive phenotype. The present study investigated miRNA expression in clinical stage I (cT1) tumors (≤5 cm), comparing pathologic stage I (pT1) tumors to those upstaged to pathologic stage 3 (pT3) after surgery following identification of renal vein invasion or invasion into adjacent fat tissue within Gerota’s fascia. Twenty cT1 tumors were examined in an miRNA screening, 10 pT1 and 10 pT3 tumors. The ccRCC cell lines 786-O and Caki-1 were used to assess the impact of let-7c-5p and its protein target insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R). Cells were transfected with pre-let-7c-5p and assessed through cell proliferation, migration, and invasion assays. IGF1R expression was evaluated through Simple Western, and interaction between let-7c-5p and IGF1R was confirmed via luciferase reporter assay. Screening identified 20 miRNA, including let-7c-5p, that were dysregulated between pT1 and pT3 upstaged tumors. This miRNA was also downregulated in our previous study of pT1 tumors that progressed to metastatic disease. Transfection of ccRCC cells with pre-let-7c-5p significantly inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion, and IGF1R expression. These findings suggest that miRNA dysregulation is involved in ccRCC progression, specifically through invasion, and that let-7c-5p downregulation contributes to the aggressiveness of small ccRCC tumors, in part, through its regulation of IGF1R.
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14
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Li J, Hou L, Zhao R, Zou L. Potential Use of Anti-Cancer Drugs for Treatment of Preeclampsia by Targeting the miRNA-IGF1R-PI3K-AKT Axis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:3883082. [PMID: 36045666 PMCID: PMC9423966 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3883082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Aim Preeclampsia (PE) belongs to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), which can cause maternal death worldwide. This study aimed to identify the miRNA-mRNA-associated ceRNA network and to find new treatment schedules for PE. Methods 4 microarray datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. We obtained 1737 differentially expressed mRNAs (865 upregulated and 872 downregulated) and 148 differentially expressed miRNAs (76 upregulated and 72 downregulated) from the placenta tissues of PE, respectively. Functional enrichment analyses of DEmRNAs were performed. The regulatory relationship between DEmiRNAs and DEmRNA was predicted via related databases. An miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was constructed. Results hsa-let-7c and IGF1R were identified as potential regulators for PE, and function enrichment analysis showed that the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway was closely related. Therefore, ceRNAs might regulate the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway via the upregulation of IGF1R by binding to hsa-let-7c, affecting invasion of trophoblast, angiogenesis, and proinflammation in PE. Further study demonstrated that anticancer drugs including the PI3K inhibitor, AKT inhibitor, and IGF-1 inhibitor might be a potential solution for PE treatment. Conclusions The hsa-let-7c/IGF1R axis might affect the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway which is involved in the pathogenesis of PE, and inhibitors targeting this pathway might be used for PE treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyan Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 251 Yaojiayuan Road Chaoyang, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Lei Hou
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 251 Yaojiayuan Road Chaoyang, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Rong Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 251 Yaojiayuan Road Chaoyang, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Liying Zou
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 251 Yaojiayuan Road Chaoyang, Beijing 100026, China
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15
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Yi Y, Li Y, Li C, Wu L, Zhao D, Li F, Fazli L, Wang R, Wang L, Dong X, Zhao W, Chen K, Cao Q. Methylation-dependent and -independent roles of EZH2 synergize in CDCA8 activation in prostate cancer. Oncogene 2022; 41:1610-1621. [PMID: 35094010 PMCID: PMC9097394 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell division cycle-associated 8 (CDCA8) is a component of chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) that participates in mitotic regulation. Although cancer-related CDCA8 hyperactivation has been widely observed, its molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, we report that CDCA8 overexpression maintains tumorigenicity and is associated with poor clinical outcome in patients with prostate cancer (PCa). Notably, enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is identified to be responsible for CDCA8 activation in PCa. Genome-wide assays revealed that EZH2-induced H3K27 trimethylation represses let-7b expression and thus protects the let-7b-targeting CDCA8 transcripts. More importantly, EZH2 facilitates the self-activation of E2F1 by recruiting E2F1 to its own promoter region in a methylation-independent manner. The high level of E2F1 further promotes transcription of CDCA8 along with the other CPC subunits. Taken together, our study suggests that EZH2-mediated cell cycle regulation in PCa relies on both its methyltransferase and non-methyltransferase activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yi
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yanqiang Li
- Basic and Translational Research Division, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Urology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Longxiang Wu
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Dongyu Zhao
- Basic and Translational Research Division, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Fuxi Li
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Urology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Xuesen Dong
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Kaifu Chen
- Basic and Translational Research Division, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Prostate Cancer Program, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, 450 Brookline Avenue, BP332A, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Qi Cao
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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16
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Slabáková E, Kahounová Z, Procházková J, Souček K. Regulation of Neuroendocrine-like Differentiation in Prostate Cancer by Non-Coding RNAs. Noncoding RNA 2021; 7:ncrna7040075. [PMID: 34940756 PMCID: PMC8704250 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna7040075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) represents a variant of prostate cancer that occurs in response to treatment resistance or, to a much lesser extent, de novo. Unravelling the molecular mechanisms behind transdifferentiation of cancer cells to neuroendocrine-like cancer cells is essential for development of new treatment opportunities. This review focuses on summarizing the role of small molecules, predominantly microRNAs, in this phenomenon. A published literature search was performed to identify microRNAs, which are reported and experimentally validated to modulate neuroendocrine markers and/or regulators and to affect the complex neuroendocrine phenotype. Next, available patients’ expression datasets were surveyed to identify deregulated microRNAs, and their effect on NEPC and prostate cancer progression is summarized. Finally, possibilities of miRNA detection and quantification in body fluids of prostate cancer patients and their possible use as liquid biopsy in prostate cancer monitoring are discussed. All the addressed clinical and experimental contexts point to an association of NEPC with upregulation of miR-375 and downregulation of miR-34a and miR-19b-3p. Together, this review provides an overview of different roles of non-coding RNAs in the emergence of neuroendocrine prostate cancer.
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Parvanova I, Borziak K, Guarino J, Finkelstein J. A Platform for Integrating and Sharing Cancer Stem Cell Data. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2021; 2021:2320-2325. [PMID: 34891750 DOI: 10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in cancer research and treatment have highlighted the need for standardization and sharing of cancer stem cell (CSC) data to facilitate research transparency and to promote collaboration within the scientific community. Although previous applications have attempted to gather and disseminate these data, currently no platform organizes the heterogeneous CSC information into a harmonized project-based framework. The aim of our platform, ReMeDy, is to provide an intelligent informatics solution integrating diverse CSC characteristics, outcomes information, and omics data across clinical, preclinical and in vitro studies. These heterogeneous data streams are organized within a multi-modular framework, subjected to a stringent validation by using standardized ontologies, and stored in a searchable format. To test usefulness of our approach for capturing diverse data related to CSCs, we integrated data from 52 publicly-available CSC projects. We validated the robustness of the platform, by efficiently organizing diverse data elements, and demonstrated its potential for promoting future knowledge discovery driven by aggregation of published data. Next steps include expanding number of uploaded CSC projects and developing additional data visualization tools. The platform is accessible through https://remedy.mssm.edu/.
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18
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Semen as a rich source of diagnostic biomarkers for prostate cancer: latest evidence and implications. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 477:213-223. [PMID: 34655417 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04273-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers in men and the cause of numerous cancer deaths in the world. Nowadays, based on diagnostic criteria, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) evaluation and rectal examination are used to diagnose prostate-related malignancies. However, due to the different types of PCa, there are several doubts about the diagnostic value of PSA. On the other hand, semen is considered an appropriate source and contains various biomarkers in non-invasive diagnosing several autoimmune disorders and malignancies. Evidence suggests that analysis of semen biomarkers could be helpful in PCa diagnosis. Therefore, due to the invasiveness of most diagnostic methods in PCa, the use of semen as a biologic sample containing various biomarkers can lead to the emergence of novel and non-invasive diagnostic approaches. This review summarized recent studies on the use of various seminal biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of PCa.
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19
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Anjaly K, Tiku AB. MicroRNA mediated therapeutic effects of natural agents in prostate cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5759-5773. [PMID: 34304390 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06575-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several natural products, extensively studied for their anticancer activities, have been found to play an efficient role in preventing prostate cancer (PCa). Recently many natural agents have been reported to modulate microRNAs (miRNAs), that are involved in cancer cell growth. The microRNAs are endogenous small noncoding ribonucleic acid molecules that regulate various biological processes through an elegant mechanism of post-transcriptional control of gene expression. Besides being involved in cancer initiation, progression, angiogenesis, inflammation, they have been reported to be responsible for chemoresistance, and radioresistance of tumors. The dysregulated miRNA expression has been associated with many cancers including PCa. Over the past several years, it has been found that natural agents are good regulators of miRNAs and have a role in PCa also. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involving miRNAs by natural agents could result in developing useful strategies to combat this deadly disease. METHODS In order to collect research articles, the PubMed search engine was used with keywords 'prostate cancer' and 'natural agents' and 2007 papers were retrieved, further refinement with keywords 'phytochemical' and 'prostate cancer' showed 503 papers. Data was collected from research articles, published from 2010 to 2021. From these, research articles showing miRNA-mediated mechanisms were selected. RESULTS In this review, we have summarized the information available on the modulation of miRNAs by natural agents, their derivatives, and various combinatorial strategies with chemo/radiation therapy for the mitigation of PCa. CONCLUSIONS Based on the current review of literature, it has been found that the use of natural agents is a novel approach for altering miRNA expression strongly associated with PCa development, recurrence and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Km Anjaly
- Radiation and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - A B Tiku
- Radiation and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Meehan J, Gray M, Martínez-Pérez C, Kay C, McLaren D, Turnbull AK. Tissue- and Liquid-Based Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer Precision Medicine. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11070664. [PMID: 34357131 PMCID: PMC8306523 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11070664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, prostate cancer (PC) is the second-most-frequently diagnosed male cancer and the fifth-most-common cause of all cancer-related deaths. Suspicion of PC in a patient is largely based upon clinical signs and the use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. Although PSA levels have been criticised for a lack of specificity, leading to PC over-diagnosis, it is still the most commonly used biomarker in PC management. Unfortunately, PC is extremely heterogeneous, and it can be difficult to stratify patients whose tumours are unlikely to progress from those that are aggressive and require treatment intensification. Although PC-specific biomarker research has previously focused on disease diagnosis, there is an unmet clinical need for novel prognostic, predictive and treatment response biomarkers that can be used to provide a precision medicine approach to PC management. In particular, the identification of biomarkers at the time of screening/diagnosis that can provide an indication of disease aggressiveness is perhaps the greatest current unmet clinical need in PC management. Largely through advances in genomic and proteomic techniques, exciting pre-clinical and clinical research is continuing to identify potential tissue, blood and urine-based PC-specific biomarkers that may in the future supplement or replace current standard practices. In this review, we describe how PC-specific biomarker research is progressing, including the evolution of PSA-based tests and those novel assays that have gained clinical approval. We also describe alternative diagnostic biomarkers to PSA, in addition to biomarkers that can predict PC aggressiveness and biomarkers that can predict response to certain therapies. We believe that novel biomarker research has the potential to make significant improvements to the clinical management of this disease in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Meehan
- Translational Oncology Research Group, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (C.M.-P.); (C.K.); (A.K.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mark Gray
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK;
| | - Carlos Martínez-Pérez
- Translational Oncology Research Group, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (C.M.-P.); (C.K.); (A.K.T.)
- Breast Cancer Now Edinburgh Research Team, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Charlene Kay
- Translational Oncology Research Group, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (C.M.-P.); (C.K.); (A.K.T.)
- Breast Cancer Now Edinburgh Research Team, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Duncan McLaren
- Edinburgh Cancer Centre, Western General Hospital, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK;
| | - Arran K. Turnbull
- Translational Oncology Research Group, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (C.M.-P.); (C.K.); (A.K.T.)
- Breast Cancer Now Edinburgh Research Team, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
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Targeting cancer stem cells by nutraceuticals for cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 85:234-245. [PMID: 34273521 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an essential role in tumor progression and reoccurrence and drug resistance. Multiple signaling pathways have been revealed to be critically participated in CSC development and maintenance. Emerging evidence indicates that numerous chemopreventive compounds, also known as nutraceuticals, could eliminate CSCs in part via regulating several signaling pathways. Therefore, in this review, we will describe the some natural chemopreventive agents that target CSCs in a variety of human malignancies, including soy isoflavone, curcumin, resveratrol, tea polyphenols, sulforaphane, quercetin, indole-3-carbinol, 3,3'-diindolylmethane, withaferin A, apigenin, etc. Moreover, we discuss that eliminating CSCs by nutraceuticals might be a promising strategy for treating human cancer via overcoming drug resistance and reducing tumor reoccurrence.
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22
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Arrighetti N, Beretta GL. miRNAs as Therapeutic Tools and Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:380. [PMID: 33805590 PMCID: PMC7999286 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the fifth cause of tumor-related deaths in man worldwide. Despite the considerable improvement in the clinical management of PCa, several limitations emerged both in the screening for early diagnosis and in the medical treatment. The use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based screening resulted in patients' overtreatment and the standard therapy of patients suffering from locally advanced/metastatic tumors (e.g., radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy, and androgen deprivation therapy) showed time-limited efficacy with patients undergoing progression toward the lethal metastatic castration-resistant PCa (mCRPC). Although valuable alternative therapeutic options have been recently proposed (e.g., docetaxel, cabazitaxel, abiraterone, enzalutamide, and sipuleucel-T), mCRPC remains incurable. Based on this background, there is an urgent need to identify new and more accurate prostate-specific biomarkers for PCa diagnosis and prognosis and to develop innovative medical approaches to counteract mCRPC. In this context, microRNA (miRNAs) emerged as potential biomarkers in prostate tissues and biological fluids and appeared to be promising therapeutic targets/tools for cancer therapy. Here we overview the recent literature and summarize the achievements of using miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets/tools for fighting PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanni Luca Beretta
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy;
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23
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Lovnicki J, Gan Y, Feng T, Li Y, Xie N, Ho CH, Lee AR, Chen X, Nappi L, Han B, Fazli L, Huang J, Gleave ME, Dong X. LIN28B promotes the development of neuroendocrine prostate cancer. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:5338-5348. [PMID: 32634132 DOI: 10.1172/jci135373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapy-induced neuroendocrine prostate cancer (t-NEPC) is a highly aggressive subtype of prostate cancer with poor patient survival. Emerging evidence indicates that t-NEPC can develop when prostate adenocarcinoma cells acquire cancer stem-like cell signaling in the presence of androgen receptor inhibition, followed by redifferentiation toward neuroendocrine lineage and subsequent t-NEPC progression. Whether the stem-like signaling is controlled by the core pluripotency stem cell genes (e.g., LIN28 and SOX2) remains unknown. Here, we report that the transcription of the LIN28B isoform and SOX2 were co-upregulated in t-NEPC patient tumors, patient-derived xenografts, transgenic mice, and cell models. Immunohistochemistry validated that LIN28B and SOX2 protein expression were elevated in t-NEPC patient biopsies. Using prostate adenocarcinoma and t-NEPC cell models, we demonstrated that LIN28B induced a stem-like gene network, neuroendocrine biomarkers, and neuroendocrine cell morphology. LIN28B depletion by CRISPR inhibited t-NEPC tumorigenesis and xenograft growth. These LIN28B functions were mediated mainly through the suppression of let-7 miRNA expression, resulting in de-repression of the transcription factor HMGA2 and HMGA2-mediated SOX2 expression. This study revealed a mechanism by which t-NEPC can develop through the LIN28B/let-7/SOX2 axis that regulates a cancer cell stem-like gene network, highlighting LIN28B as a potential therapeutic target in t-NEPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Lovnicki
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yu Gan
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tingting Feng
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yinan Li
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ning Xie
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chia-Hao Ho
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ahn R Lee
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xufeng Chen
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lucia Nappi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bo Han
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Martin E Gleave
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xuesen Dong
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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24
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Pandareesh MD, Kameshwar VH, Byrappa K. Prostate Carcinogenesis: Insights in Relation to Epigenetics and Inflammation. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:253-267. [PMID: 32682386 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200719020709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a multifactorial disease that mainly occurs due to the accumulation of somatic, genetic, and epigenetic changes, resulting in the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes and activation of oncogenes. Mutations in genes, specifically those that control cell growth and division or the repair of damaged DNA, make the cells grow and divide uncontrollably to form a tumor. The risk of developing prostate cancer depends upon the gene that has undergone the mutation. Identifying such genetic risk factors for prostate cancer poses a challenge for the researchers. Besides genetic mutations, many epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation, histone modifications (methylation, acetylation, ubiquitylation, sumoylation, and phosphorylation) nucleosomal remodeling, and chromosomal looping, have significantly contributed to the onset of prostate cancer as well as the prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of prostate cancer. Chronic inflammation also plays a major role in the onset and progression of human cancer, via modifications in the tumor microenvironment by initiating epithelialmesenchymal transition and remodeling the extracellular matrix. In this article, the authors present a brief history of the mechanisms and potential links between the genetic aberrations, epigenetic changes, inflammation, and inflammasomes that are known to contribute to the prognosis of prostate cancer. Furthermore, the authors examine and discuss the clinical potential of prostate carcinogenesis in relation to epigenetics and inflammation for its diagnosis and treatment..
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirazkar D Pandareesh
- Center for Research and Innovation, BGSIT Campus, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G. Nagara, Mandya District, Karnataka 571448, India
| | - Vivek H Kameshwar
- Center for Research and Innovation, BGSIT Campus, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G. Nagara, Mandya District, Karnataka 571448, India
| | - Kullaiah Byrappa
- Center for Research and Innovation, BGSIT Campus, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G. Nagara, Mandya District, Karnataka 571448, India
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25
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Emami Nejad A, Najafgholian S, Rostami A, Sistani A, Shojaeifar S, Esparvarinha M, Nedaeinia R, Haghjooy Javanmard S, Taherian M, Ahmadlou M, Salehi R, Sadeghi B, Manian M. The role of hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment and development of cancer stem cell: a novel approach to developing treatment. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:62. [PMID: 33472628 PMCID: PMC7816485 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01719-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors, and develops because of the rapid growth of the tumor that outstrips the oxygen supply, and impaired blood flow due to the formation of abnormal blood vessels supplying the tumor. It has been reported that tumor hypoxia can: activate angiogenesis, thereby enhancing invasiveness and risk of metastasis; increase survival of tumor, as well as suppress anti-tumor immunity and hamper the therapeutic response. Hypoxia mediates these effects by several potential mechanisms: altering gene expression, the activation of oncogenes, inactivation of suppressor genes, reducing genomic stability and clonal selection. We have reviewed the effects of hypoxia on tumor biology and the possible strategiesto manage the hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME), highlighting the potential use of cancer stem cells in tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asieh Emami Nejad
- Department of Biology, Payame Noor University (PNU), P.O.Box 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simin Najafgholian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine , Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Alireza Rostami
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine Amiralmomenin Hospital, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Alireza Sistani
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine Valiasr Hospital, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Samaneh Shojaeifar
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery , Arak University of Medical Sciences , Arak, Iran
| | - Mojgan Esparvarinha
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Nedaeinia
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marjan Taherian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Ahmadlou
- Sciences Medical of University Arak, Hospital Amiralmomenin, Center Development Research Clinical, Arak, Iran
| | - Rasoul Salehi
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bahman Sadeghi
- Department of Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, 3848176341, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Manian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medical Science Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Imam Khomeini Campus, Farhikhtegan Bld., Shahid J'afari St., Kermanshah, 3848176341, Iran.
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26
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Regulation of carcinogenesis and mediation through Wnt/β-catenin signaling by 3,3'-diindolylmethane in an enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer cell line. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1239. [PMID: 33441906 PMCID: PMC7806813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80519-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzalutamide (ENZ) is an important drug used to treat castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which inhibits androgen receptor (AR) signaling. Previous study showed that 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM) is an AR antagonist that also inhibits Wnt signaling and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). To investigate whether combined treatment with ENZ and DIM can overcome ENZ resistance by regulating Wnt signaling to inhibit AR signaling and EMT in ENZ-resistant prostate cancer cells, 22Rv1 cells were cultured in normal medium and treated with ENZ, DIM, and DIM with ENZ. Exposure of ENZ-resistant cells to both DIM and ENZ significantly inhibited cell proliferation without cytotoxicity and invasion in comparison with the control. DIM significantly increased the E-cadherin expression and inhibited the expressions of Vimentin and Fibronectin, subsequently inhibiting EMT. Co-treatment with ENZ and DIM significantly increased the expressions of GSK3β and APC and decreased the β-catenin protein expression, causing inhibition of Wnt signaling and AR expression, it also significantly decreased the AR-v7 expression and down-regulated AR signaling. Via suppression of Wnt and AR signaling, co-treatment increased the E-cadherin and decreased the Vimentin and Fibronectin RNA and protein expressions, then inhibited EMT. Co-treatment with DIM and ENZ regulated Wnt signaling to reduce not only the AR expression, but also the AR-v7 expression, indicating suppression of EMT that inhibits cancer cell proliferation, invasion and migration to ameliorate ENZ resistance.
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27
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Extracellular Vesicles-Mediated Transfer of miRNA Let-7b from PC3 Cells to Macrophages. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11121495. [PMID: 33322720 PMCID: PMC7763145 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate-derived extracellular vesicles (pEVs) may represent a way to selectively transport cargo molecules from the producing cells to the target cells to allow biological events, both in physiological and pathological circumstances. pEVs cargo participates in the modulation of the inflammatory responses in physiological conditions and during cancer progression. In the present study, we examined the expression levels of miRNA Let-7b, in both precursor and mature forms, in noncancerous and cancerous prostate cell lines, PNT2 and PC3 respectively, and in their extracellular vesicles (EVs) using reverse-transcription quantitative PCR strategies. We showed that miRNA Let-7b was highly expressed in noncancerous cells and strongly decreased in cancerous PC3 cells, while the opposite was observed in the respective EVs, thus supporting the tumor suppressor role of miRNA Let7-b. We also demonstrated that miRNA Let-7b can be transferred to THP-1 cells via EVs, which are known to induce TAM-like polarization. Our results support the view that miRNA Let-7 b, contained in PC3-derived EVs, is associated with the increase in the miRNA Let7-b observed in TAM-like macrophages. Overall, our results indicate that circulating EV-loaded miRNA might be useful biomarkers for prostate cancer progression and might also support a possible use of pEVs as targets for prostate cancer therapy.
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28
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Guajardo L, Aguilar R, Bustos FJ, Nardocci G, Gutiérrez RA, van Zundert B, Montecino M. Downregulation of the Polycomb-Associated Methyltransferase Ezh2 during Maturation of Hippocampal Neurons Is Mediated by MicroRNAs Let-7 and miR-124. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228472. [PMID: 33187138 PMCID: PMC7697002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ezh2 is a catalytic subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) which mediates epigenetic gene silencing through depositing the mark histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) at target genomic sequences. Previous studies have demonstrated that Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (Ezh2) was differentially expressed during maturation of hippocampal neurons; in immature neurons, Ezh2 was abundantly expressed, whereas in mature neurons the expression Ezh2 was significantly reduced. Here, we report that Ezh2 is downregulated by microRNAs (miRs) that are expressed during the hippocampal maturation process. We show that, in mature hippocampal neurons, lethal-7 (let-7) and microRNA-124 (miR-124) are robustly expressed and can target cognate motifs at the 3′-UTR of the Ezh2 gene sequence to downregulate Ezh2 expression. Together, these data demonstrate that the PRC2 repressive activity during hippocampal maturation is controlled through a post-transcriptional mechanism that mediates Ezh2 downregulation in mature neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Guajardo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (L.G.); (R.A.); (F.J.B.); (G.N.)
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago 8370186, Chile;
| | - Rodrigo Aguilar
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (L.G.); (R.A.); (F.J.B.); (G.N.)
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago 8370186, Chile;
| | - Fernando J. Bustos
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (L.G.); (R.A.); (F.J.B.); (G.N.)
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago 8370186, Chile;
- CARE Biomedical Research Center, Santiago 83370186, Chile
| | - Gino Nardocci
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (L.G.); (R.A.); (F.J.B.); (G.N.)
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago 8370186, Chile;
| | - Rodrigo A. Gutiérrez
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago 8370186, Chile;
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Brigitte van Zundert
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (L.G.); (R.A.); (F.J.B.); (G.N.)
- CARE Biomedical Research Center, Santiago 83370186, Chile
- Correspondence: (B.v.Z.); (M.M.)
| | - Martin Montecino
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (L.G.); (R.A.); (F.J.B.); (G.N.)
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago 8370186, Chile;
- Correspondence: (B.v.Z.); (M.M.)
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29
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Konoshenko MY, Bryzgunova OE, Laktionov PP. miRNAs and radiotherapy response in prostate cancer. Andrology 2020; 9:529-545. [PMID: 33053272 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gaining insight into microRNAs (miRNAs) and genes that regulate the therapeutic response of cancer diseases in general and prostate cancer (PCa) in particular is an important issue in current molecular biomedicine and allows the discovery of predictive miRNA targets. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to analyze the available data on the influence of radiotherapy (RT) on miRNA expression and on miRNA involved in radiotherapy response in PCa. MATERIALS AND METHODS The data used in this review were extracted from research papers and the DIANA, STRING, and other databases with a special focus on the mechanisms of radiotherapy PCa response and the miRNA involved and associated genes. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A search for miRNA prognostic and therapeutic effectiveness markers should rely on both the data of recent experimental studies on the influence of RT on miRNA expression and miRNAs involved in regulation of radiosensitivity in PCa and on bioinformatics resources. miRNA panels and genes targeted by them and involved in radioresponse regulation highlighted by meta-analysis and cross-analysis of the data in the present review have. CONCLUSION Selected miRNA and gene panel has good potential as prognostic and radiotherapy effectiveness markers for PCa and, moreover, as radiotherapy effectiveness markers in other types of cancer, as the proposed model is not specific to PCa, which opens up opportunities for the development of a universal diagnostic system (or several intersecting systems) for oncology radiotherapy in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Yu Konoshenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga E Bryzgunova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Pavel P Laktionov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
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30
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Kumari A, Bhawal S, Kapila S, Yadav H, Kapila R. Health-promoting role of dietary bioactive compounds through epigenetic modulations: a novel prophylactic and therapeutic approach. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:619-639. [PMID: 33081489 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1825286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The epigenome is an overall epigenetic state of an organism, which is as important as that of the genome for normal development and functioning of an individual. Epigenetics involves heritable but reversible changes in gene expression through alterations in DNA methylation, histone modifications and regulation of non-coding RNAs in cells, without any change in the DNA sequence. Epigenetic changes are owned by various environmental factors including pollution, microbiota and diet, which have profound effects on epigenetic modifiers. The bioactive compounds present in the diet mainly include curcumin, resveratrol, catechins, quercetin, genistein, sulforaphane, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, alkaloids, vitamins, and peptides. Bioactive compounds released during fermentation by the action of microbes also have a significant effect on the host epigenome. Besides, recent studies have explored the new insights in vitamin's functions through epigenetic regulation. These bioactive compounds exert synergistic, preventive and therapeutic effects when combined as well as when used with chemotherapeutic agents. Therefore, these compounds have potential of therapeutic agents that could be used as "Epidrug" to treat many inflammatory diseases and various cancers where chemotherapy results have many side effects. In this review, the effect of diet derived bioactive compounds through epigenetic modulations on in vitro and in vivo models is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Kumari
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Shalaka Bhawal
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Suman Kapila
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Hariom Yadav
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rajeev Kapila
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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31
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Biersack B. 3,3'-Diindolylmethane and its derivatives: nature-inspired strategies tackling drug resistant tumors by regulation of signal transduction, transcription factors and microRNAs. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2020; 3:867-878. [PMID: 35582221 PMCID: PMC8992569 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Indoles of cruciferous vegetables are promising anti-tumor agents. Studies with indole-3-carbinol and its dimeric product, 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM), suggest that these compounds have the ability to deregulate multiple cellular signaling pathways that are essential for tumor growth and spread. These natural compounds are also effective modulators of transcription factors and non-coding RNAs. These effects explain their ability to inhibit tumor spread and to overcome drug resistance. In this work, pertinent literature on the effects of DIM and its synthetic derivatives on resistant tumors and resistance mechanisms in tumors is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Biersack
- Organic Chemistry 1, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
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32
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Das P, Taube JH. Regulating Methylation at H3K27: A Trick or Treat for Cancer Cell Plasticity. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2792. [PMID: 33003334 PMCID: PMC7600873 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Properly timed addition and removal of histone 3 lysine 27 tri-methylation (H3K27me3) is critical for enabling proper differentiation throughout all stages of development and, likewise, can guide carcinoma cells into altered differentiation states which correspond to poor prognoses and treatment evasion. In early embryonic stages, H3K27me3 is invoked to silence genes and restrict cell fate. Not surprisingly, mutation or altered functionality in the enzymes that regulate this pathway results in aberrant methylation or demethylation that can lead to malignancy. Likewise, changes in expression or activity of these enzymes impact cellular plasticity, metastasis, and treatment evasion. This review focuses on current knowledge regarding methylation and de-methylation of H3K27 in cancer initiation and cancer cell plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph H. Taube
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA;
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33
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Amare DE. Anti-Cancer and Other Biological Effects of a Dietary Compound 3,3ʹ-Diindolylmethane Supplementation: A Systematic Review of Human Clinical Trials . NUTRITION AND DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS 2020. [DOI: 10.2147/nds.s261577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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34
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Joshi T, Patel I, Kumar A, Donovan V, Levenson AS. Grape Powder Supplementation Attenuates Prostate Neoplasia Associated with Pten Haploinsufficiency in Mice Fed High-Fat Diet. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000326. [PMID: 32618118 PMCID: PMC8103660 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Previous studies have identified potent anticancer activities of polyphenols in preventing prostate cancer. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the chemopreventive potential of grape powder (GP) supplemented diets in genetically predisposed and obesity-provoked prostate cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS Prostate-specific Pten heterozygous (Pten+/f ) transgenic mice are fed low- and high-fat diet (LFD and HFD, respectively) supplemented with 10% GP for 33 weeks, ad libitum. Prostate tissues are characterized using immunohistochemistry and western blots, and sera are analyzed by ELISA and qRT-PCR. Pten+/f mice fed LFD and HFD supplemented with 10% GP show favorable histopathology, significant reduction of the proliferative rate of prostate epithelial cells (Ki67), and rescue of PTEN expression. The most potent protective effect of GP supplementation is detected against HFD-induced increase in inflammation (IL-1β; TGF-β1), activation of cell survival pathways (Akt, AR), and angiogenesis (CD31) in Pten+/f mice. Moreover, GP supplementation reduces circulating levels of oncogenic microRNAs (miR-34a; miR-22) in Pten+/f mice. There are no significant changes in body weight and food intake in GP supplemented diet groups. CONCLUSIONS GP diet supplementation can be a beneficial chemopreventive strategy for obesity-related inflammation and prostate cancer progression. Monitoring serum miRNAs can facilitate the non-invasive evaluation of chemoprevention efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Joshi
- Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Ishani Patel
- Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | | | - Anait S. Levenson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, NY 11548, USA
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Sato T, Kataoka K, Ito Y, Yokoyama S, Inui M, Mori M, Takahashi S, Akita K, Takada S, Ueno-Kudoh H, Asahara H. Lin28a/let-7 pathway modulates the Hox code via Polycomb regulation during axial patterning in vertebrates. eLife 2020; 9:53608. [PMID: 32479258 PMCID: PMC7259951 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The body plan along the anteroposterior axis and regional identities are specified by the spatiotemporal expression of Hox genes. Multistep controls are required for their unique expression patterns; however, the molecular mechanisms behind the tight control of Hox genes are not fully understood. In this study, we demonstrated that the Lin28a/let-7 pathway is critical for axial elongation. Lin28a–/– mice exhibited axial shortening with mild skeletal transformations of vertebrae, which were consistent with results in mice with tail bud-specific mutants of Lin28a. The accumulation of let-7 in Lin28a–/– mice resulted in the reduction of PRC1 occupancy at the Hox cluster loci by targeting Cbx2. Consistently, Lin28a loss in embryonic stem-like cells led to aberrant induction of posterior Hox genes, which was rescued by the knockdown of let-7. These results suggest that the Lin28/let-7 pathway is involved in the modulation of the ‘Hox code’ via Polycomb regulation during axial patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tempei Sato
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kataoka
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ito
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Core, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigetoshi Yokoyama
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Metabolism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Masafumi Inui
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Animal Regeneration Systemology, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medical Chemistry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Keiichi Akita
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuji Takada
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroe Ueno-Kudoh
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Reproduction Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
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36
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Lin CJ, Lo UG, Hsieh JT. The regulatory pathways leading to stem-like cells underlie prostate cancer progression. Asian J Androl 2020; 21:233-240. [PMID: 30178777 PMCID: PMC6498735 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_72_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cause of malignancy in males and the third leading cause of cancer mortality in the United States. The standard care for primary PCa with local invasive disease mainly is surgery and radiation. For patients with distant metastases, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a gold standard. Regardless of a favorable outcome of ADT, patients inevitably relapse to an end-stage castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) leading to mortality. Therefore, revealing the mechanism and identifying cellular components driving aggressive PCa is critical for prognosis and therapeutic intervention. Cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotypes characterized as poor differentiation, cancer initiation with self-renewal capabilities, and therapeutic resistance are proposed to contribute to the onset of CRPC. In this review, we discuss the role of CSC in CRPC with the evidence of CSC phenotypes and the possible underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Jung Lin
- Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - U-Ging Lo
- Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jer-Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Ahmed F, Ijaz B, Ahmad Z, Farooq N, Sarwar MB, Husnain T. Modification of miRNA Expression through plant extracts and compounds against breast cancer: Mechanism and translational significance. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 68:153168. [PMID: 31982837 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is hyper-proliferative, multi-factorial and multi-step, heterogeneous group of molecular disorders. It is the second most reported disease after heart diseases. Breast carcinoma is the foremost death causing disease in female population worldwide. Cancer can be controlled by regulating the gene expression. Current therapeutic options are associated with severe side effects and are expensive for the people living in under-developed countries. Plant derived substances have potential application against different diseases like cancer, inflammation and viral infections. HYPOTHESIS The mechanism of action of the medicinal plants is largely unknown. Targeting gene network and miRNA using medicinal plants could help in improving the therapeutic options against cancer. METHODS The literature from 135 articles was reviewed by using PubMed, google scholar, Science direct to find out the plants and plant-based compounds against breast cancer and also the studies reporting their mechanistic route of action both at coding and noncoding RNA levels. RESULTS Natural products act as selective inhibitors of the cancerous cells by targeting oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes or altering miRNA expression. Natural compounds like EGCG from tea, Genistein from fava beans, curcumin from turmeric, DIM found in cruciferous, Resveratrol a polyphenol and Quercetin a flavonoid is found in various plants have been studied for their anticancer activity. The EGCG was found to inhibit proliferative activity by modulating miR-16 and miR-21. Similarly, DIM was found to down regulate miR-92a which results to modulate NFkB and stops cancer development. Another plant-based compound Glyceollins found to upregulate miR-181c and miR-181d having role in tumor suppression. It also found to regulate miR-22, 29b and c, miR-30d, 34a and 195. Quercetin having anti-cancer activity induce the apoptosis through regulating miR-16, 26b, 34a, let-7g, 125a and miR-605 and reduce the miRNA expression like miR-146a/b, 503 and 194 which are involved in metastasis. CONCLUSION Targeting miRNA expression using natural plant extracts can have a reverse effect on cell proliferation; turning on and off tumor-inducing and suppressing genes. It can be efficiently adopted as an adjuvant with the conventional form of therapies to increase their efficacy against cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayyaz Ahmed
- National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Ijaz
- National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Zarnab Ahmad
- National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Farooq
- Department of Surgery, Sir Gangaram Hospital Lahore Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal Sarwar
- National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tayyab Husnain
- National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan
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38
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Chirshev E, Oberg KC, Ioffe YJ, Unternaehrer JJ. Let-7 as biomarker, prognostic indicator, and therapy for precision medicine in cancer. Clin Transl Med 2019; 8:24. [PMID: 31468250 PMCID: PMC6715759 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-019-0240-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal regulation and expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been documented in various diseases including cancer. The miRNA let-7 (MIRLET7) family controls developmental timing and differentiation. Let-7 loss contributes to carcinogenesis via an increase in its target oncogenes and stemness factors. Let-7 targets include genes regulating the cell cycle, cell signaling, and maintenance of differentiation. It is categorized as a tumor suppressor because it reduces cancer aggressiveness, chemoresistance, and radioresistance. However, in rare situations let-7 acts as an oncogene, increasing cancer migration, invasion, chemoresistance, and expression of genes associated with progression and metastasis. Here, we review let-7 function as tumor suppressor and oncogene, considering let-7 as a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker, and a therapeutic target for cancer treatment. We explain the complex regulation and function of different let-7 family members, pointing to abnormal processes involved in carcinogenesis. Let-7 is a promising option to complement conventional cancer therapy, but requires a tumor specific delivery method to avoid toxicity. While let-7 therapy is not yet established, we make the case that assessing its tumor presence is crucial when choosing therapy. Clinical data demonstrate that let-7 can be used as a biomarker for rational precision medicine decisions, resulting in improved patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Chirshev
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Kerby C Oberg
- Division of Anatomy and Pediatric Pathology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Yevgeniya J Ioffe
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Juli J Unternaehrer
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, 11085 Campus Street, Mortensen Hall 219, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
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39
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Zendehdel E, Abdollahi E, Momtazi‐Borojeni AA, Korani M, Alavizadeh SH, Sahebkar A. The molecular mechanisms of curcumin’s inhibitory effects on cancer stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:4739-4747. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
AbstractCurcumin is a dietary polyphenol and a bioactive phytochemical that possesses anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and chemopreventive properties, which make it capable of affecting multiple sites along the stem cell pathways to induce apoptosis in these cells. Curcumin’s function is through suppression of cytokine release, especially the secretion of interleukins. Some of the predominant activities of stem cells include regeneration of identical cells and the ability to maintain the proliferation and multipotentiality. However, these cells could be stimulated to differentiate into specific cell types, leading to the development of tumors. Cancer stem cells (CSC) are capable of sustaining tumor formation and differentiation, and are normally characterized by self‐renewal mechanisms. Furthermore, these cells might be responsible for tumor relapse and resistance to therapy. Several studies have focused on the mechanisms of curcumin action in manipulating transcription factors, signaling pathways, CSC markers, microRNAs related to CSCs functions and apoptosis induction in various human cancer cells. In the present review, we aimed to summarize the reported molecular mechanisms of curcumin’s effects on CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Zendehdel
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch Islamic Azad University Mashhad Iran
| | - Elham Abdollahi
- Department of Medical Immunology, Student Research Committee, School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Amir Abbas Momtazi‐Borojeni
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Bu‐Ali Research Institute Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Mitra Korani
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Bu‐Ali Research Institute Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Seyedeh Hoda Alavizadeh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- School of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
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40
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Sethi S, Sethi S, Bluth MH. Clinical Implication of MicroRNAs in Molecular Pathology: An Update for 2018. Clin Lab Med 2019; 38:237-251. [PMID: 29776629 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are poised to provide diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets for several diseases including malignancies for precision medicine applications. The miRNAs have immense potential in the clinical arena because they can be detected in the blood, serum, tissues (fresh and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded), and fine-needle aspirate specimens. The most attractive feature of miRNA-based therapy is that a single miRNA could be useful for targeting multiple genes that are deregulated in cancers, which can be further investigated through systems biology and network analysis that may provide cancer-specific personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Sethi
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan and VA Hospital, E300, 2215 Fuller Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
| | - Sajiv Sethi
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Boulevard, MDC 82, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Martin H Bluth
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield Street, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Pathology Laboratories, Michigan Surgical Hospital, 21230 Dequindre Road, Warren, MI 48091, USA
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41
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Liu Q, Wang G, Li Q, Jiang W, Kim JS, Wang R, Zhu S, Wang X, Yan L, Yi Y, Zhang L, Meng Q, Li C, Zhao D, Qiao Y, Li Y, Gursel DB, Chinnaiyan AM, Chen K, Cao Q. Polycomb group proteins EZH2 and EED directly regulate androgen receptor in advanced prostate cancer. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:415-426. [PMID: 30628724 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Polycomb group proteins are important epigenetic regulators for cell proliferation and differentiation, organ development, as well as initiation and progression of lethal diseases, including cancer. Upregulated Polycomb group proteins, including Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), promote proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells, as well as self-renewal of cancer stem cells. In our study, we report that EZH2 and embryonic ectoderm development (EED) indicate respective direct interaction with androgen receptor (AR). In the context of AR-positive prostate cancer, EZH2 and EED regulate AR expression levels and AR downstream targets. More importantly, we demonstrate that targeting EZH2 with the small-molecule inhibitor astemizole in cancer significantly represses the EZH2 and AR expression as well as the neoplastic capacities. These results collectively suggest that pharmacologically targeting EZH2 might be a promising strategy for advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qipeng Liu
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Qiaqia Li
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Weihua Jiang
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX
| | - Jung-Sun Kim
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX
| | - Rui Wang
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX
| | - Sen Zhu
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX
| | - Xiaoju Wang
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Lin Yan
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Yi
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX.,Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX
| | - Qingshu Meng
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX.,Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Chao Li
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX.,Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Dongyu Zhao
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Yuanyuan Qiao
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Yong Li
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Demirkan B Gursel
- Pathology Core Facility, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.,Pathology Department, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Kaifu Chen
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY.,Institutes for Academic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Qi Cao
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX.,Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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Targeting Ezh2 could overcome docetaxel resistance in prostate cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:27. [PMID: 30621625 PMCID: PMC6324167 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-5228-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Docetaxel was used to treat metastatic CRPC patients. However, Doc resistance in prostate cancer (PCa) hinders its clinical application. Objective To understand the underlying mechanisms by which Doc resistance is developed and to find novel therapeutic target to cure Doc resistant PCa has clinical importance. Methods We established Doc resistant cell lines and explored the role of Ezh2 in the development of Doc resistance by overexpressing its cDNA or using its inhibitor. Results We found that Ezh2 was induced in our established Doc resistant (DocR) cells, which was attributable to the silenced expression of miR-101-3p and miR-138-5p. Blockage of Ezh2 activity by either inhibitor or miRNA mimics could overcome Doc resistance by suppressing Doc-induced cancer stem cells populations. Mechanistically, Ezh2 activity was required for the induced expression of Nanog, Sox2 and CD44 upon Doc treatment. Conclusions Targeting Ezh2 could overcome Doc resistance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-5228-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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43
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Biersack B. Relations between approved platinum drugs and non-coding RNAs in mesothelioma. Noncoding RNA Res 2018; 3:161-173. [PMID: 30809599 PMCID: PMC6260483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma diseases feature an increasing risk due to their severe forms and their association with asbestos exposure. Platinum(II) complexes such as cisplatin and carboplatin are clinically approved for the therapy of mesothelioma often in combination with antimetabolites such as pemetrexed or gemcitabine. It was observed that pathogenic properties of mesothelioma cells and the response of mesothelioma tumors towards platinum-based drugs are strongly influenced by non-coding RNAs, in particular, by small microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). These non-coding RNAs controlled drug sensitivity and the development of tumor resistance towards platinum drugs. An overview of the interactions between platinum drugs and non-coding RNAs is given and the influence of non-coding RNAs on platinum drug efficacy in mesothelioma is discussed. Suitable non-coding RNA-modulating agents with potentially beneficial effects on cisplatin treatment of mesothelioma diseases are mentioned. The understanding of mesothelioma diseases concerning the interactions of non-coding RNAs and platinum drugs will optimize existing therapy schemes and pave the way to new treatment options in future.
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Key Words
- ABC, ATP-binding cassette
- AKBA, 3-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid
- AKI, acute kidney injury
- Anticancer drugs
- Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- CAF, cancer-associated fibroblast
- CBDCA, cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylate
- Carboplatin
- Cisplatin
- DADS, diallyl sulfide
- DHA, docosahexaenoic acid
- DIM, 3,3′-diindolylmethane
- DMPM, diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma
- EGCG, epigallocatechin-3-gallate
- EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- HOTAIR, HOX transcript antisense RNA
- I3C, indole-3-carbinol
- Long non-coding RNA
- MALAT1, metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1
- MPM, malignant pleural mesothelioma
- MRP1, multidrug resistance protein 1
- Mesothelioma
- MicroRNA
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- NaB, sodium butyrate
- PDCD4, programmed cell death 4
- PEG, polyethylene glycole
- PEITC, phenethylisothiocyanate
- PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog
- RA, retinoic acid
- SAHA, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid
- SFN, sulforaphane
- TNBC, triple-negative breast cancer
- TSA, trichostatin A
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44
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Biersack B. Interplay of non-coding RNAs and approved antimetabolites such as gemcitabine and pemetrexed in mesothelioma. Noncoding RNA Res 2018; 3:213-225. [PMID: 30809600 PMCID: PMC6257890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine and pemetrexed are clinically approved antimetabolites for the therapy of mesothelioma diseases. These drugs are often applied in combination with platinum complexes and other drugs. The activity of antimetabolites depended on the expression levels of certain non-coding RNAs, in particular, of small microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). The development of tumor resistance towards antimetabolites was regulated by non-coding RNAs. An overview of the interplay between gemcitabine/pemetrexed antimetabolites and non-coding RNAs in mesothelioma is provided. Further to this, various non-coding RNA-modulating agents are discussed which displayed positive effects on gemcitabine or pemetrexed treatment of mesothelioma diseases. A detailed knowledge of the connections of non-coding RNAs with antimetabolites will be constructive for the design of improved therapies in future.
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Key Words
- AKBA, 3-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid
- Anticancer drugs
- Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- DADS, diallyl sulfide
- DHA, docosahexaenoic acid
- DIM, 3,3‘-diindolylmethane
- DMPM, diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma
- EGCG, epigallocatechin-3-gallate
- EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- Gemcitabine
- HOTAIR, HOX transcript antisense RNA
- I3C, indole-3-carbinol
- Long non-coding RNA
- MALAT1, metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1
- MPM, malignant pleural mesothelioma
- Mesothelioma
- MicroRNA
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- NaB, sodium butyrate
- PDCD4, programmed cell death 4
- PEG, polyethylene glycole
- PEITC, phenethylisothiocyanate
- PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog
- Pemetrexed
- RA, retinoic acid
- SAHA, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid
- SFN, sulforaphane
- TSA, trichostatin A
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Mello-Grand M, Gregnanin I, Sacchetto L, Ostano P, Zitella A, Bottoni G, Oderda M, Marra G, Munegato S, Pardini B, Naccarati A, Gasparini M, Gontero P, Chiorino G. Circulating microRNAs combined with PSA for accurate and non-invasive prostate cancer detection. Carcinogenesis 2018; 40:246-253. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizia Mello-Grand
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, via Malta, Biella, Italy
| | - Ilaria Gregnanin
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, via Malta, Biella, Italy
| | - Lidia Sacchetto
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, Torino, Italy
- Department of Mathematics, University of Torino, via Carlo Alberto, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Ostano
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, via Malta, Biella, Italy
| | - Andrea Zitella
- Department of Urology, San Giovanni Battista Hospital of Torino, Corso Bramante, Torino, Italy
| | - Giulia Bottoni
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Chemin des Boveresses, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Marco Oderda
- Department of Urology, Ospedale San Lazzaro, Via Pierino Belli, Alba CN, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Marra
- Department of Urology, San Giovanni Battista Hospital of Torino, Corso Bramante, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefania Munegato
- Department of Urology, San Giovanni Battista Hospital of Torino, Corso Bramante, Torino, Italy
| | - Barbara Pardini
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), via Nizza, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessio Naccarati
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), via Nizza, Torino, Italy
| | - Mauro Gasparini
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Gontero
- Department of Urology, San Giovanni Battista Hospital of Torino, Corso Bramante, Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, via Malta, Biella, Italy
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Guo X, Han T, Hu P, Guo X, Zhu C, Wang Y, Chang S. Five microRNAs in serum as potential biomarkers for prostate cancer risk assessment and therapeutic intervention. Int Urol Nephrol 2018; 50:2193-2200. [PMID: 30324582 PMCID: PMC6267169 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-018-2009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common malignant human tumor and one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths in men. At present, prostate-specific antigen levels are widely used to diagnose PCa in the clinic, but they are not sufficient for an accurate early diagnosis or prognosis. Methods To identify potential molecular markers for PCa, we used real-time PCR to measure the expression levels of various microRNAs, including miR-1825, miR-484, miR-205, miR-141, and let-7b, in the serum of 72 PCa patients and 34 healthy controls. Results miR-1825, miR-484, miR-205, miR-141, and let-7b were shown to be highly specific for PCa, suggesting that they could be used as PCa tumor screening biomarkers. miR-205 may also be used as a biomarker for indicating bone metastasis in PCa patients, miR-1825 levels may help indicate tumor–node–metastasis classification, the evaluation of treatment effects, and determining prognosis, while let-7b levels may indicate potential tumor malignancy and the hormone resistance status and could be used as a basis to adjust individual treatments for the high-risk, early diagnosis of refractory PCa. Conclusion This study identified possible PCa tumor markers to more accurately predict the occurrence, progression, and prognosis of PCa, and which could be used in the development of tumor drug therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11255-018-2009-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Guo
- Urology Department of Urology, Haici Medical Group of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Han
- Urology Department of Urology, Haici Medical Group of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Pingping Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Jimo People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaojun Guo
- Urology Department of Urology, Haici Medical Group of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Changming Zhu
- Urology Department of Urology, Haici Medical Group of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Youbao Wang
- Urology Department of Urology, Haici Medical Group of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shaoyan Chang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.
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Inferring microRNA-Environmental Factor Interactions Based on Multiple Biological Information Fusion. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102439. [PMID: 30249984 PMCID: PMC6222788 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated studies have shown that environmental factors (EFs) can regulate the expression of microRNA (miRNA) which is closely associated with several diseases. Therefore, identifying miRNA-EF associations can facilitate the study of diseases. Recently, several computational methods have been proposed to explore miRNA-EF interactions. In this paper, a novel computational method, MEI-BRWMLL, is proposed to uncover the relationship between miRNA and EF. The similarities of miRNA-miRNA are calculated by using miRNA sequence, miRNA-EF interaction, and the similarities of EF-EF are calculated based on the anatomical therapeutic chemical information, chemical structure and miRNA-EF interaction. The similarity network fusion is used to fuse the similarity between miRNA and the similarity between EF, respectively. Further, the multiple-label learning and bi-random walk are employed to identify the association between miRNA and EF. The experimental results show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art algorithms.
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48
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Let-7b attenuates cisplatin resistance and tumor growth in gastric cancer by targeting AURKB. Cancer Gene Ther 2018; 25:300-308. [PMID: 30237418 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-018-0048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapy is currently a standard treatment strategy for patients with gastric cancer. Eventhough it has been widely shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in tumor development, whether miRNAs have a role in chemosensitivity of gastric cancer cells to platinum-based treatment remain largely undefined. In this study, a cisplatin-resistant gastric cancer cell line (SGC7901/DDP) with stable enhanced expression or knockdown of let-7b was generated. MTT and TUNEL assays were carried out to assess whether miR-let-7 is crucial for cell viability and apoptosis, respectively. In vitro luciferase reporter assay was performed to explore target genes of let-7b. Further, a subcutaneously transplanted tumor model in BALB/c nude mice was used to determine the impacts of let-7b on tumor growth in vivo. We observed that the let-7b-expression level of SGC7901/DDP cells was significantly lower than for its parental SGC7901 cells. Transfection of let-7b mimics was found to increase the cytotoxicity of DDP to SGC7901/DDP cells by inducing apoptosis. However, reversed cytotoxicity of DDP was observed in SGC7901/DDP cells with knockdown of let-7b. Luciferase reporter assay indicated that let-7b targeted AURKB in SGC7901/DDP cells. Knockdown of AURKB imitated the effect of let-7b overexpression on the sensitivity of SGC7901/DDP cells to DDP. Further investigation demonstrated that the SGC7901/DDP primary tumor growth was significantly reduced by let-7b mimic transfection. These findings indicate that overexpression of let-7b might provide a potential strategic approach for attenuating DDP resistance in SGC7901/DDP human gastric cancer cells.
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49
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Alwhaibi A, Gao F, Artham S, Hsia BM, Mondal A, Kolhe R, Somanath PR. Modulation in the microRNA repertoire is responsible for the stage-specific effects of Akt suppression on murine neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00796. [PMID: 30238065 PMCID: PMC6143703 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicate a stage-specific, differential role for the oncogene Akt on various cancers. In prostate cancer (PCa), suppression of Akt activity in the advanced stages promoted transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) pathway-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis to the lungs. In the current study, we performed Affymetrix analysis to compare the expression profile of microRNAs in the mouse prostate tissues collected at the prostatic inter-epithelial neoplasia (PIN) stage from Transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse (TRAMP)/Akt1+/+ versus TRAMP/Akt1–/– mice, and at the advanced stage from TRAMP/Akt1+/+ mice treated with triciribine (Akt inhibitor) versus DMSO-treated control. Our analysis demonstrates that in the early stage, Akt1 in the TRAMP prostate tumors express a set of miRNAs responsible for regulating cancer cell survival, proliferation, and tumor growth, whereas, in the advanced stages, a different set of miRNAs that promote EMT and cancer metastasis is expressed. Our study has identified novel Akt-regulated signature microRNAs in the early and advanced PCa and demonstrates their differential effects on PCa growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Alwhaibi
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Fei Gao
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sandeep Artham
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Bernard M Hsia
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Ashis Mondal
- Department of Pathology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Ravindra Kolhe
- Department of Pathology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Payaningal R Somanath
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.,Department of Medicine, Vascular Biology Center and Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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50
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Wu Q, Chen Z, Zhang G, Zhou W, Peng Y, Liu R, Chen C, Feng J. EZH2 induces the expression of miR-1301 as a negative feedback control mechanism in triple negative breast cancer. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:693-700. [PMID: 29790898 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women. ERα, PR, and HER2 triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the current research focus because of the lack of effective targeted therapies. In our study, lentivirus systems were used to overexpress EZH2 and miR-1301 in TNBC cell lines. Western blot analysis and RT-qPCR were used to detect the protein and microRNA levels. The TCGA and Kaplan Meier plotter databases were used to analyze the EZH2 and miR-1301 expression levels in breast cancer. The effect of miR-1301 overexpression on cell proliferation, migration and colony formation were determined by using the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, wound healing assay and colony formation assay, respectively. Furthermore, an xenograft mouse model was used to investigate the function of miR-1301 overexpression in vivo. Finally, dual luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the binding site of EZH2 and miR-1301. We found that EZH2 induced the expression of miR-1301 in two TNBC cell lines, HCC1937 and HCC1806. Overexpression of miR-1301 suppressed TNBC cell proliferation, migration and colony formation, as well as the xenograft tumor growth in immunodeficient mice. Interestingly, miR-1301 inhibited the expression of EZH2 by binding to the 3'-UTR of EZH2 gene. These data suggest that EZH2 induces the expression of miR-1301 as a negative feedback control mechanism in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuju Wu
- Fengxian District Center Hospital Graduate Student Training Base, Jinzhou Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fengxian District Center Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zekun Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huizhou No. 3 People's Hospital, Affiliated hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, China
| | - Guihua Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huizhou No. 3 People's Hospital, Affiliated hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, China
| | - Wenhui Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - You Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fengxian District Center Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fengxian District Center Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Six People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai, China
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