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Li S, Li X, Yang X, Lei Y, He M, Xiang X, Wu Q, Liu H, Wang J, Wang Q. Corilagin enhances the anti-tumor activity of 5-FU by downregulating the expression of GRP 78. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22661. [PMID: 38114593 PMCID: PMC10730900 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49604-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Although initially effective, patients who receive chemotherapy ultimately experience various complications and develop chemo-resistance, leading to cancer recurrence. Therefore, we aimed to find a drug with good efficacy and low toxicity that could enhance the treatment with 5-Fluorouracil (a commonly used clinical drug) and reduce its dosing. Corilagin, an anti-tumor natural product, has received widespread attention. Glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is overexpressed in colorectal cancer cells and plays a key role in the proliferation, migration and drug resistance of cancer cells. Importantly, GRP78 can affect the apoptosis induced by 5-fluorouracil in CRC cells. In the present study, we determined the synergistic anti-tumor activity of the combination treatment by cell proliferation assay, apoptosis assay, fluorescent staining, cell cycle analysis, WB and PCR assays. This synergistic effect was associated with S-phase blockade, intracellular reactive oxygen species production and downregulation of GRP78. Taken together, our results indicate that Corilagin acts as a potentiator of 5-fluorouracil and may have therapeutic potential for patients with CRC.
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Grants
- 2022KYCX1-A04 the Scientific Research and Innovation Fund of Wuhan Asia General Hospital
- 2022KYCX1-A04 the Scientific Research and Innovation Fund of Wuhan Asia General Hospital
- 2022KYCX1-A04 the Scientific Research and Innovation Fund of Wuhan Asia General Hospital
- 2022KYCX1-A04 the Scientific Research and Innovation Fund of Wuhan Asia General Hospital
- 2022KYCX1-A04 the Scientific Research and Innovation Fund of Wuhan Asia General Hospital
- 2022KYCX1-A04 the Scientific Research and Innovation Fund of Wuhan Asia General Hospital
- 2022KYCX1-A04 the Scientific Research and Innovation Fund of Wuhan Asia General Hospital
- 2022KYCX1-A04 the Scientific Research and Innovation Fund of Wuhan Asia General Hospital
- 2022KYCX1-A04 the Scientific Research and Innovation Fund of Wuhan Asia General Hospital
- 2022KYCX1-A04 the Scientific Research and Innovation Fund of Wuhan Asia General Hospital
- 20YJA880053 2020 General Planning Fund Project for Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, China
- 20YJA880053 2020 General Planning Fund Project for Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, China
- 20YJA880053 2020 General Planning Fund Project for Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, China
- 20YJA880053 2020 General Planning Fund Project for Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, China
- 20YJA880053 2020 General Planning Fund Project for Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, China
- 20YJA880053 2020 General Planning Fund Project for Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, China
- 20YJA880053 2020 General Planning Fund Project for Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, China
- 20YJA880053 2020 General Planning Fund Project for Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, China
- 20YJA880053 2020 General Planning Fund Project for Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, China
- 20YJA880053 2020 General Planning Fund Project for Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, China
- 20D026 Key research project of philosophy and social sciences of Hubei Provincial Department of Education in 2020
- 20D026 Key research project of philosophy and social sciences of Hubei Provincial Department of Education in 2020
- 20D026 Key research project of philosophy and social sciences of Hubei Provincial Department of Education in 2020
- 20D026 Key research project of philosophy and social sciences of Hubei Provincial Department of Education in 2020
- 20D026 Key research project of philosophy and social sciences of Hubei Provincial Department of Education in 2020
- 20D026 Key research project of philosophy and social sciences of Hubei Provincial Department of Education in 2020
- 20D026 Key research project of philosophy and social sciences of Hubei Provincial Department of Education in 2020
- 20D026 Key research project of philosophy and social sciences of Hubei Provincial Department of Education in 2020
- 20D026 Key research project of philosophy and social sciences of Hubei Provincial Department of Education in 2020
- 20D026 Key research project of philosophy and social sciences of Hubei Provincial Department of Education in 2020
- OHIC2022G05 Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology
- OHIC2022G05 Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology
- OHIC2022G05 Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology
- OHIC2022G05 Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology
- OHIC2022G05 Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology
- OHIC2022G05 Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology
- OHIC2022G05 Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology
- OHIC2022G05 Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology
- OHIC2022G05 Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology
- OHIC2022G05 Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Li
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan Asia General Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Xinquan Li
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan Asia General Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Xiliang Yang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan Asia General Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yumeng Lei
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan Asia General Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Mingxin He
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan Asia General Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Xiaochen Xiang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan Asia General Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Qingming Wu
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan Asia General Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Hongyun Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 437100, China.
| | - Jiadun Wang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan Asia General Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan Asia General Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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2
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Hu XW, Li XM, Wang AM, Fu YM, Zhang FJ, Zeng F, Cao LP, Long H, Xiong YH, Xu J, Li J. Caffeine alleviates acute liver injury by inducing the expression of NEDD4L and deceasing GRP78 level via ubiquitination. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:1213-1227. [PMID: 35802146 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01603-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute liver injury is liver cell injury that occurs rapidly in a short period of time. Caffeine has been shown to maintain hepatoprotective effect with an unclear mechanism. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) has significant effects in acute liver injury. Induction of GRP78 is a hallmark of ERS. Whether or not caffeine's function is related to GRP78 remains to be explored. METHODS Acute liver injury model was established by LPS-treated L02 cells and in vivo administration of LPS/D-Gal in mice. Caffeine was pre-treated in L02 cells or mice. Gene levels was determined by real-time PCR and western blot. Cell viability was tested by CCK-8 assay and cell apoptosis was tested by flow cytometry. The interaction of GRP78 and NEDD4L was determined by Pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay. The ubiquitination by NEDD4L on GRP78 was validated by in vitro ubiquitination assay. RESULTS Caffeine protected liver cells against acute injury induced cell apoptosis and ERS both in vitro and in vivo. Suppression of GRP78 could block the LPS-induced cell apoptosis and ERS. NEDD4L was found to interact with GRP78 and ubiquitinate its lysine of 324 site directly. Caffeine treatment induced the expression of NEDD4L, resulting in the ubiquitination and inhibition of GRP78. CONCLUSION Caffeine mitigated the acute liver injury by stimulating NEDD4L expression, which inhibited GRP78 expression via ubiquitination at its K324 site. Low dose of caffeine could be a promising therapeutic treatment for acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Wang Hu
- Department of Emergency, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Min Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Min Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Ming Fu
- Scientific Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang-Jie Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zeng
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ping Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Long
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Hui Xiong
- Department of Emergency, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
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MiR-181c sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to paclitaxel by targeting GRP78 through the PI3K/Akt pathway. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:770-783. [PMID: 34145425 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00356-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Primary cytoreductive surgery with platinum-taxane-based chemotherapy is the standard treatment for ovarian cancer (OC) patients; however, resistance to chemotherapy is a contributing factor to OC mortality. Paclitaxel (PTX), the most widely used taxane, has become the first-line drug against OC. The molecular mechanism of PTX resistance is different from that of platinum-based agents and is still not completely elucidated. Our previous study showed that glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is involved in the resistance of OC cells to PTX. However, little is known regarding endogenous inhibitors of this gene. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in the regulation of gene expression; therefore, we sought to identify miRNA(s) with potential to target GRP78 under the hypothesis that miRNA(s) could serve as potential therapeutic targets. Here, we show that miR-181c, predicted to target GRP78, was downregulated in PTX-resistant OC cells and tissues. MiR-181c downregulated GRP78 expression and induced apoptosis by directly targeting its 3'-untranslated region (UTR). Overexpression of miR-181c sensitized resistant OC to PTX by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our findings indicate that the delivery of miR-181c can efficiently suppress GRP78 expression and GRP78-mediated PTX resistance in OC and suggest that this strategy has therapeutic potential.
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Fatima N, Shen Y, Crassini K, Iwanowicz EJ, Lang H, Karanewsky DS, Christopherson RI, Mulligan SP, Best OG. The ClpP activator ONC-212 (TR-31) inhibits BCL2 and B-cell receptor signaling in CLL. EJHAEM 2021; 2:81-93. [PMID: 35846080 PMCID: PMC9175891 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in therapy, a significant proportion of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) relapse with drug resistant disease. Novel treatment approaches are required, particularly for high risk disease. The imipridones represent a new class of cancer therapy that has been investigated in pre-clinical and clinical trials against a range of different cancers. We investigated the effects of the imipridone, ONC-212, against CLL cells cultured under conditions that mimic aspects of the tumour microenvironment and a TP53ko CLL cell line (OSU-CLL-TP53ko). ONC-212 induced dose-dependent apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and reduced the migration of CLL cells in vitro, including cells from patients with TP53 lesions and OSU-CLL-TP53ko cells. The effects of ONC-212 were associated with protein changes consistent with activation of the mitochondrial protease, CIpP, and the integrated stress response. We also observed inhibition of pathways downstream of the B-cell receptor (BCR) (AKT and MAPK-ERK1/2) and a pro-apoptotic shift in the balance of proteins of the BCL2 family of proteins (BCL2, MCL1, BCLxL, BAX and NOXA). In conclusion, the study suggests ONC-212 may represent an effective treatment for high risk CLL disease by inhibiting multiple facets of the BCR signaling pathway and the pro-survival effects of the BCL2-family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjis Fatima
- Kolling Institute of Medical ResearchRoyal North Shore HospitalUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Yandong Shen
- Kolling Institute of Medical ResearchRoyal North Shore HospitalUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Kyle Crassini
- Kolling Institute of Medical ResearchRoyal North Shore HospitalUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | | | - Henk Lang
- Madera TherapeuticsLLCCaryNorth Carolina
| | | | | | - Stephen P. Mulligan
- Kolling Institute of Medical ResearchRoyal North Shore HospitalUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Oliver G. Best
- Kolling Institute of Medical ResearchRoyal North Shore HospitalUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Department of Molecular Medicine and GeneticsFlinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI)College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityAdelaideAustralia
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5
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Wang M, Chen Z, Yang L, Ding L. Sappanone A Protects Against Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Alleviating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Inflammation 2021; 44:934-945. [PMID: 33411101 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01388-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress is an important contributor to the cerebral ischemic injury. Sappanone A (SA), a kind of natural homoisoflavanone extracted from Caesalpinia sappan L, has been evidenced to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. The present study aimed to investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of SA in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. The potential neuroprotective effect of SA was tested in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) allowing reperfusion and PC12 cell model of oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R). Post-ischemic neuronal injury was evaluated by 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. The levels of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress-related markers were detected using corresponding kits. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) or flow cytometry, and the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins was determined using western blot analysis. Subsequently, endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins were detected through western blot analysis, and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein (CHOP) was overexpressed to confirm the contribution of endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibition by SA to the neuroprotective effects post OGD/R. Results revealed that SA was effective in ameliorating cerebral infarction and pathological injuries post-reperfusion following MCAO, which is associated with reduced inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis by SA in the brain. Consistently, these neuroprotective effects of SA post ischemia-reperfusion were also observed in a PC12 cell model of OGD/R. Importantly, endoplasmic reticulum stressors, including the CHOP, the 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), and phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factors 2α (EIF-2α), were significantly downregulated by SA, while CHOP overexpression attenuated the beneficial effects of SA on inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in OGD/R-induced PC12 cells. These results demonstrated that SA alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress, ameliorating inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, and thereby serves as therapeutic potential for protection against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Neurocritical Care, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhilin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200081, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Neurocritical Care, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Preventive Medicine Department, Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Qingdao Hiser Hospital), Room 401, 73 Lijin Road, Shibei District, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China.
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Elfiky AA, Baghdady AM, Ali SA, Ahmed MI. GRP78 targeting: Hitting two birds with a stone. Life Sci 2020; 260:118317. [PMID: 32841659 PMCID: PMC7442953 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose regulating protein 78 (GRP78) is one member of the Heat Shock Protein family of chaperone proteins (HSPA5) found in eukaryotes. It acts as the master of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) process in the lumen of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER). SCOPE Under the stress of unfolded proteins, GRP78 binds to the unfolded proteins to prevent misfolding, while under the load of the unfolded protein, it drives the cell to autophagy or apoptosis. Several attempts reported the overexpression of GRP78 on the cell membrane of cancer cells and cells infected with viruses or fungi. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Cell-surface GRP78 is used as a cancer cell target in previous studies. Additionally, GRP78 is used as a drug target to stop the progression of cancer cells by different compounds, including peptides, antibodies, and some natural compounds. Additionally, it can be used as a protein target to reduce the infectivity of different viruses, including the pandemic SARS-CoV-2. Besides, GRP78 targeting is used in diagnosis and imaging modalities using radionuclides. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This review summarizes the various attempts that used GRP78 both in therapy (fighting cancer, viral and fungal infections) and diagnosis (imaging).
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7
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Ji H, Xiao F, Li S, Wei R, Yu F, Xu J. GRP78 effectively protect hypoxia/reperfusion-induced myocardial apoptosis via promotion of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:1228-1236. [PMID: 32657424 PMCID: PMC7754434 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is a major cause of death worldwide. Despite our understanding of the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction and the therapeutic options for treatment have improved substantially, acute myocardial infarction remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Recent findings revealed that GRP78 could protect myocardial cells against ischemia reperfusion injury‐induced apoptosis, but the exact function and molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the effects of GRP78 on hypoxia/reperfusion (H/R)‐induced cardiomyocyte injury. Intriguingly, we first observed that GRP78 overexpression significantly protected myocytes from H/R‐induced apoptosis. On mechanism, our work revealed that GRP78 protected myocardial cells from hypoxia/reperfusion‐induced apoptosis via the activation of the Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathway. We observed the enhanced expression of Nrf2/HO‐1 in GRP78 overexpressed H9c2 cell, while GRP78 deficiency dramatically antagonized the expression of Nrf2/HO‐1. Furthermore, we found that blocked the Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling by the HO‐1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin IX (Znpp) significantly retrieved H9c2 cells apoptosis that inhibited by GRP78 overexpression. Taken together, our findings revealed a new mechanism by which GRP78 alleviated H/R‐induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in H9c2 cells via the promotion of the Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyu Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Feng Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Suobei Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Ruan Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical UniversityBinzhouShandongChina
| | - Junmei Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
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Wang Z, Zheng S, Gu Y, Zhou L, Lin B, Liu W. 4-PBA Enhances Autophagy by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Recombinant Human Beta Nerve Growth Factor-Induced PC12 cells After Mechanical Injury via PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway. World Neurosurg 2020; 138:e659-e664. [PMID: 32179193 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated autophagy in spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS An in vitro model of spinal cord injury (SCI) was established by recombinant human beta nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced PC12 cells. Immunofluorescence was used to detect properties of PC12 cells induced by NGF. Western blot assay was used to detect expressions of the autophagy-related protein microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)I/II, the ER stress-related protein (HSPA5/GRP78), as well as the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway-related proteins after mechanical injury at different time points. Then the sample assigned into sham, SCI, LY294002, SCI+LY294002, 4-PBA (4-phenylbutyric acid), and SCI+4-PBA groups. The expressions of the LC3I/II and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway-related proteins were detected by Western blot assay. RESULTS NGF-induced PC12 cells have neurophysiological characteristics. After administration of the PI3K-specific inhibitor LY294002, phosphorylation levels of AKT and mTOR decreased, and the ratio of LC3II/I was higher in the inhibitor-treated injury group than the simple-injury group. After administration of the ER stress inhibitor 4-PBA, the results were similar to LY294002 group's results compared with SCI group. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that NGF-induced PC12 cells can induce autophagy and ER stress after mechanical injury. ER stress inhibitor 4-PBA obtained similar effects to PI3K inhibitor LY294002, enhanced autophagy via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shengxiong Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yang Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Linquan Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Bin Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wenge Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, P.R. China.
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Ibrahim IM, Abdelmalek DH, Elfiky AA. GRP78: A cell's response to stress. Life Sci 2019; 226:156-163. [PMID: 30978349 PMCID: PMC7094232 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Glucose-Regulated Protein 78 (GRP78) is a chaperone heat shock protein that has been intensely studied in the last two decades. GRP78 is the master of the unfolded protein response (UBR) in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) in normal cells. GRP78 force the unfolded proteins to refold or degrade using cellular degradation mechanisms. Scope Under stress, the overexpression of GRP78 on the cell membrane mediates the vast amount of disordered proteins. Unfortunately, this makes it a tool for pathogens (bacterial, fungal and viral) to enter the cell and to start different pathways leading to pathogenesis. Additionally, GRP78 is overexpressed on the membranes of various cancer cells and increase the aggressiveness of the disease. Major conclusions The current review summarizes structure, function, and different mechanisms GRP78 mediate in response to normal or stress conditions. General significance GRP78 targeting and possible inhibition mechanisms are also covered in the present review aiming to prevent the virulence of pathogens and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M Ibrahim
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Doaa H Abdelmalek
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdo A Elfiky
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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10
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Kim JL, Lee DH, Jeong S, Kim BR, Na YJ, Park SH, Jo MJ, Jeong YA, Oh SC. Imatinib‑induced apoptosis of gastric cancer cells is mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress. Oncol Rep 2018; 41:1616-1626. [PMID: 30569109 PMCID: PMC6365688 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Imatinib is a powerful tyrosine kinase inhibitor that specifically targets BCR-ABL, c-KIT, and PDGFR kinases, and is used in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and other types of cancers. However, the possible anticancer effects of imatinib in gastric cancer have not yet been explored. The present study evaluated the in vitro effects of imatinib on gastric cancer cells and determined the molecular mechanism underlying these effects. We determined that imatinib induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis of gastric cancer cells by involving endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK). We also found that imatinib suppressed cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Cell cycle analysis revealed that imatinib-treated AGS cells were arrested in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Moreover, imatinib-treated cells exhibited increased levels of phosphorylated JNK, and of the transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein, an ER stress-associated apoptotic molecule. Results of cell viability assays revealed that treatment with a combination of imatinib and chemotherapy agents irinotecan or 5-Fu synergistically inhibited cell growth, compared with treatment with any of these drugs alone. These data indicated that imatinib exerted cytotoxic effects on gastric cancer cells by inducing apoptosis mediated by reactive oxygen species generation and ER stress-associated JNK activation. Furthermore, we revealed that imatinib induced the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells by inhibiting platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling. Collectively, our results strongly support the use of imatinib in the treatment of treating gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Lim Kim
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hee Lee
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Jeong
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ram Kim
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Na
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hye Park
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jee Jo
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon A Jeong
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Cheul Oh
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
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11
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Alasiri G, Fan LYN, Zona S, Goldsbrough IG, Ke HL, Auner HW, Lam EWF. ER stress and cancer: The FOXO forkhead transcription factor link. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 462:67-81. [PMID: 28572047 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a cellular organelle with central roles in maintaining proteostasis due to its involvement in protein synthesis, folding, quality control, distribution and degradation. The accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER lumen causes 'ER stress' and threatens overall cellular proteostasis. To restore ER homeostasis, cells evoke an evolutionarily conserved adaptive signalling and gene expression network collectively called the 'unfolded protein response (UPR)', a complex biological process which aims to restore proteostasis. When ER stress is overwhelming and beyond rectification, the normally pro-survival UPR can shift to induce cell termination. Emerging evidence from mammalian, fly and nematode worm systems reveals that the FOXO Forkhead proteins integrate upstream ER stress and UPR signals with the transcriptional machinery to decrease translation, promote cell survival/termination and increase the levels of ER-resident chaperones and of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) components to restore ER homeostasis. The high rates of protein synthesis/translation associated with cancer cell proliferation and metabolism, as well as mutations resulting in aberrant proteins, also induce ER stress and the UPR. While the pro-survival side of the UPR underlies its ability to sustain and promote cancers, its apoptotic functions can be exploited for cancer therapies by offering the chance to 'flick the proteostatic switch'. To this end, further studies are required to fully reevaluate the roles and regulation of these UPR signalling molecules, including FOXO proteins and their targets, in cancer initiation and progression as well as the effects on inhibiting their functions in cancer cells. This information will help to establish these UPR signalling molecules as possible therapeutic targets and putative biomarkers in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glowi Alasiri
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Lavender Yuen-Nam Fan
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Stefania Zona
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - Hui-Ling Ke
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Holger Werner Auner
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Eric Wing-Fai Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK.
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12
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Luo X, Yao J, Nie P, Yang Z, Feng H, Chen P, Shi X, Zou Z. FOXM1 promotes invasion and migration of colorectal cancer cells partially dependent on HSPA5 transactivation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:26480-95. [PMID: 27034162 PMCID: PMC5041994 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, to investigate whether endoplastic reticulum (ER) stress correlated with FOXM1 in colorectal cancer, we analysed the mRNA levels of FOXM1 and ER stress markers HSPA5 and spliced XBP1 by qRT-PCR. FOXM1 mRNA levels were found to positively correlate with HSPA5 in colorectal cancer. However, no significant correlation between FOXM1 and spliced XBP1 mRNA levels was found. Theses results suggested the positive correlation between FOXM1 and HSPA5 in colorectal cancer was not associated with ER stress. Next, we provided evidences that FOXM1 promoted HSPA5 transcription by directly binding to and stimulating HSPA5 promoter. Moreover, a FOXM1-binding site mapped between -1019 and -1012 bp of the proximal HSPA5 promoter was identified. In addition, we found that enhancement of cell migration and invasion by FOXM1 was significantly attenuated by depletion of HSPA5 in colorectal cancer cell. Furthermore, FOXM1 triggered colorectal cancer cell migration and invasion was involved in activities of cell-surface HSPA5. Lastly, our results suggested FOXM1 facilitated the activities and expressions of MMP2 and 9 associated with cell-surface HSPA5 in colorectal cancer cells. Moreover, statistically significant positive correlations between FOXM1 and MMP2 mRNA expression, between HSPA5 and MMP2 were found in colorectal cancer tissue specimens. Together, our results suggested that FOXM1-HSPA5 signaling might be considered as a novel molecular target for designing novel therapeutic regimen to control colorectal cancer metastasis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Luo
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Luoyang Central Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Jinke Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Boji-Affiliated Hospital (Zengcheng People's Hospital), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peipei Nie
- KingMed Diagnostics and KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yang
- Department of Medcine, The Affiliated Luoyang Central Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Hongbo Feng
- Department of Medcine, The Affiliated Luoyang Central Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Pinjia Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Luoyang Central Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Xinpeng Shi
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Luoyang Central Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Zhengzhi Zou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, Joint Laboratory of Laser Oncology with Cancer Center of Sun Yat-sen University, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Chen HY, Chang JTC, Chien KY, Lee YS, You GR, Cheng AJ. The Endogenous GRP78 Interactome in Human Head and Neck Cancers: A Deterministic Role of Cell Surface GRP78 in Cancer Stemness. Sci Rep 2018; 8:536. [PMID: 29323121 PMCID: PMC5765009 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14604-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone, was suggested to be a cancer stem cell marker, but the influence of this molecule on cancer stemness is poorly characterized. In this study, we developed a mass spectrometry platform to detect the endogenous interactome of GRP78 and investigated its role in cancer stemness. The interactome results showed that cell surface GRP78 associates with multiple molecules. The influence of cell population heterogeneity of head and neck cancer cell lines (OECM1, FaDu, and BM2) according to the cell surface expression levels of GRP78 and the GRP78 interactome protein, Progranulin, was investigated. The four sorted cell groups exhibited distinct cell cycle distributions, asymmetric/symmetric cell divisions, and different relative expression levels of stemness markers. Our results demonstrate that cell surface GRP78 promotes cancer stemness, whereas drives cells toward a non-stemlike phenotype when it chaperones Progranulin. We conclude that cell surface GRP78 is a chaperone exerting a deterministic influence on cancer stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ying Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | | | - Kun-Yi Chien
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Proteomics Core Laboratory, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Shien Lee
- Genomic Medicine Research Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Guo-Rung You
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Joy Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
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14
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Hashkavayi AB, Raoof JB, Ojani R. Preparation of Epirubicin Aptasensor Using Curcumin as Hybridization Indicator: Competitive Binding Assay between Complementary Strand of Aptamer and Epirubicin. ELECTROANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201700645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayemeh Bagheri Hashkavayi
- Electroanalytical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; University of Mazandaran; Babolsar IranTel.: +98 11 353 02392Fax: +98 11 353 02350
| | - Jahan Bakhsh Raoof
- Electroanalytical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; University of Mazandaran; Babolsar IranTel.: +98 11 353 02392Fax: +98 11 353 02350
| | - Reza Ojani
- Electroanalytical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; University of Mazandaran; Babolsar IranTel.: +98 11 353 02392Fax: +98 11 353 02350
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15
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Granato M, Gilardini Montani MS, Romeo MA, Santarelli R, Gonnella R, D'Orazi G, Faggioni A, Cirone M. Metformin triggers apoptosis in PEL cells and alters bortezomib-induced Unfolded Protein Response increasing its cytotoxicity and inhibiting KSHV lytic cycle activation. Cell Signal 2017; 40:239-247. [PMID: 28964970 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metformin, the most used drug for the treatment of diabetes type 2 patients, has been shown to have anti-cancer properties. In this study, we found that metformin induced apoptosis in Primary Effusion Lymphoma (PEL) cells, an aggressive B cell lymphoma associated with KSHV against which the conventional therapies usually fail. The cytotoxic effect of metformin correlated with intracellular reactive oxygen species reduction, activation of AMPK, the inhibition of pro-survival pathways such as mTOR and STAT3 and the down-regulation of v-FLIP, a latent viral antigen that also plays a pivotal role in PEL cell survival. Interestingly, we found that metformin could be used to potentiate the bortezomib-mediated cytotoxicity against PEL cells and to inhibit the activation of KSHV lytic cycle, a side effect of this treatment that resulted in a block of autophagy in these cells. Mechanistically, metformin altered UPR activated by bortezomib, leading to a reduced expression of BiP, up-regulation of CHOP and down-regulation of Bcl-2. In summary, this study suggests that metformin could represent a promising strategy for the treatment of PEL alone or in combination with bortezomib. In the latter case, besides exerting a stronger cytotoxic effect, it might be used to restrain bortezomib-induced viral replication that is involved in the maintenance and progression of KSHV-associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Granato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maria Anele Romeo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Santarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Gonnella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella D'Orazi
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Tumor Biology Section, University 'G. d'Annunzio', Chieti, Italy
| | - Alberto Faggioni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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16
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Ahmadi A, Khansarinejad B, Hosseinkhani S, Ghanei M, Mowla SJ. miR-199a-5p and miR-495 target GRP78 within UPR pathway of lung cancer. Gene 2017; 620:15-22. [PMID: 28363780 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common subtype of lung cancer. One of the signal transduction pathways related to NSCLC is Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), which is mainly regulated by GRP78 (HSPA5, Gene ID: 3309). The aim of this study was to employ bioinformatics tools to predict microRNAs (miRNAs) affecting GRP78 expression, experimentally validate interaction of these miRNAs with GRP78 and also evaluating the expression correlation of GRP78 and its predicted miRNAs in clinical samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS Various software were used to predict miRNAs that simultaneously target all upstream and downstream components of GRP78 in the UPR, as well as the main components of PI3K/AKT, MAPK, ErbB and calcium pathways. For experimental analysis, 36 pairs of Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) lung tumor and non-tumor tissue samples were obtained. Additionally, A549 and QU-DB lung cancer cell lines were used for expression determination of GRP78 and its predicted targeting miRNAs. We also employed a luciferase assay to evaluate interactions between candidate miRNAs with the 3'-UTR of GRP78. RESULTS hsa-miR-495 and hsa-miR-199-5p were chosen based on several criteria including thermodynamic binding features of miRNAs to the target transcripts, number of recognition sites, and conservation of binding sites within the 3'-UTR of GRP78. RT-qPCR data revealed a significant up-regulation of GRP78 (3.87 times, P=0.002) and down-regulation of miR-199a-5p (0.13 times, P=0.0001) and miR-495 (0.085 times, P=0.0001) in tumor samples. Luciferase assay confirmed an interaction of hsa-miR-199a-5p and hsa-miR-495 with the 3'-UTR of GRP78 transcript. In addition, over-expression and competitive inhibition of the aforementioned miRNAs, significantly altered the expression of GRP78 and spliced XBP1 level. CONCLUSION Our data revealed a significant up-regulation of GRP78 and a concomitant down-regulation of miR-495 and miR-199a-5p in NSCLC. Accordingly, our data suggest a causative role for miR-199-5p and miR-495 in tumorgenesis of lung and probably other cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Ahmadi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Khansarinejad
- Infectious Diseases Research Center (IDRC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Saman Hosseinkhani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Research Center of Chemical Injuries, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Javad Mowla
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Hashkavayi AB, Raoof JB. Design an aptasensor based on structure-switching aptamer on dendritic gold nanostructures/Fe 3O 4@SiO 2/DABCO modified screen printed electrode for highly selective detection of epirubicin. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 91:650-657. [PMID: 28110249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The present work describes a label free electrochemical aptasensor for selective detection of epirubicin. In this project, 5'-thiole terminated aptamer was self-assembled on carbon screen printed electrode, which modified with electrodeposited gold nanoparticles on magnetic double-charged diazoniabicyclo [2.2.2] octane dichloride silica hybrid (Fe3O4@SiO2/DABCO) by Au-S bond. The interactions of epirubicin with aptamer on the AuNPs/Fe3O4@SiO2/DABCO/SPE have been studied by cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Under optimized conditions, the peak current of epirubicin increased linearly with increasing epirubicin concentration, due to the switching in the aptamer conformation and formation of aptamer- epirubicin complex instead of aptamer on the modified electrode surface. The Apt/AuNPs/Fe3O4@SiO2/DABCO/SPE is sensitive, selective and has two linear range from 0.07µM to 1.0µM and 1.0µM to 21.0µM with a detection limit of 0.04µM. The applicability of the aptasensor was successfully assessed by determination of epirubicin in a human blood serum sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayemeh Bagheri Hashkavayi
- Electroanalytical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Jahan Bakhsh Raoof
- Electroanalytical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
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18
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Patel MR, Kozuch SD, Cultrara CN, Yadav R, Huang S, Samuni U, Koren J, Chiosis G, Sabatino D. RNAi Screening of the Glucose-Regulated Chaperones in Cancer with Self-Assembled siRNA Nanostructures. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:6099-6108. [PMID: 27669096 PMCID: PMC5378679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The emerging field of RNA nanotechnology has been used to design well-programmed, self-assembled nanostructures for applications in chemistry, biology, and medicine. At the forefront of its utility in cancer is the unrestricted ability to self-assemble multiple siRNAs within a single nanostructure formulation for the RNAi screening of a wide range of oncogenes while potentiating the gene therapy of malignant tumors. In our RNAi nanotechnology approach, V- and Y-shape RNA templates were designed and constructed for the self-assembly of discrete, higher-ordered siRNA nanostructures targeting the oncogenic glucose regulated chaperones. The GRP78-targeting siRNAs self-assembled into genetically encoded spheres, triangles, squares, pentagons and hexagons of discrete sizes and shapes according to TEM imaging. Furthermore, gel electrophoresis, thermal denaturation, and CD spectroscopy validated the prerequisite siRNA hybrids for their RNAi application. In a 24 sample siRNA screen conducted within the AN3CA endometrial cancer cells known to overexpress oncogenic GRP78 activity, the self-assembled siRNAs targeting multiple sites of GRP78 expression demonstrated more potent and long-lasting anticancer activity relative to their linear controls. Extending the scope of our RNAi screening approach, the self-assembled siRNA hybrids (5 nM) targeting of GRP-75, 78, and 94 resulted in significant (50-95%) knockdown of the glucose regulated chaperones, which led to synergistic effects in tumor cell cycle arrest (50-80%) and death (50-60%) within endometrial (AN3CA), cervical (HeLa), and breast (MDA-MB-231) cancer cell lines. Interestingly, a nontumorigenic lung (MRC5) cell line displaying normal glucose regulated chaperone levels was found to tolerate siRNA treatment and demonstrated less toxicity (5-20%) relative to the cancer cells that were found to be addicted to glucose regulated chaperones. These remarkable self-assembled siRNA nanostructures may thus encompass a new class of potent siRNAs that may be useful in screening important oncogene targets while improving siRNA therapeutic efficacy and specificity in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayurbhai R. Patel
- Program in Chemical Biology and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey 07079, United States
| | - Stephen D. Kozuch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey 07079, United States
| | - Christopher N. Cultrara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey 07079, United States
| | - Reeta Yadav
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, New York 11367, United States
- Ph.D. Programs in Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York City, New York 10016, United States
| | - Suiying Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, New York 11367, United States
- Ph.D. Programs in Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York City, New York 10016, United States
| | - Uri Samuni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, New York 11367, United States
- Ph.D. Programs in Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York City, New York 10016, United States
| | - John Koren
- Program in Chemical Biology and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Program in Chemical Biology and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - David Sabatino
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey 07079, United States
- Corresponding Author.
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19
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Zhou X, Xing X, Zhang S, Liu L, Wang C, Li L, Ji Q, Liu H. Glucose-regulated protein 78 contributes to the proliferation and tumorigenesis of human colorectal carcinoma via AKT and ERK pathways. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:2723-2730. [PMID: 27634156 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), a molecular chaperon in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), is overexpressed in a variety of tumor types and plays a critical role in cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion and drug resistance. However, the mechanisms underlying the role of GRP78 in tumor carcinogenesis remain largely unknown. In the present study, we found that GRP78 knockdown in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation and tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. The proliferation inhibition of CRC cells by GRP78 knockdown was associated with an S phase arrest, a reduced G1/S transition, and a downregulation of phosphorylation of AKT and ERK1/2, key cell cycle regulatory proteins. In addition, GRP78 knockdown enhanced the apoptosis induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in CRC cells. Taken together, our results indicate that GRP78 plays an important role in the development and progression of CRC and may have therapeutic potential for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Xing
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Shuping Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Lili Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Chengqin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Qiuxia Ji
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Huamin Liu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
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20
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Zhang L, Li Z, Shi T, La X, Li H, Li Z. Design, purification and assessment of GRP78 binding peptide-linked Subunit A of Subtilase cytotoxic for targeting cancer cells. BMC Biotechnol 2016; 16:65. [PMID: 27585649 PMCID: PMC5009487 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-016-0294-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeted therapies for cancer, especially the malignant cancer, are always restricted by the deficiency of tumor-specific drug delivery methods. Subtilase cytotoxic is a virulent cytotoxin, and the subunit A (SubA) of it is able to destroy the structure of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) to induce cell apoptosis, and to be expected as anti-cancer drugs, however, the ubiquitous receptor of subunit B of Subtilase cytotoxic (SubB) restricts its application on cancer therapy. RESULTS The present study constructed and expressed a fusion protein of GBP-SubA in E. coli Rosetta (DE3) system, in which the subunit B of Subtilase cytotoxic was replaced by GRP78 binding peptide (GBP). The fusion protein was expressed in inclusion body form. Subsequently, the denaturation/renaturation process and Ni-column purification were performed. Our data indicated the purified GBP-SubA could bind GRP78 existed on cancer cell surface specifically, internalize into cells to inactivate intracellular GRP78 and induce apoptosis. Moreover, the apoptosis induction effect of GBP-SubA was enhanced obviously along with the increased cancer cell surface GBP78. CONCLUSIONS It indicates that the recombinant GBP-SubA possesses the dual functions of GBP and SubA to induce cancer cell apoptosis specifically, revealing that GBP-SubA holds important implications for developing as an anti-cancer peptide drug. A schematic representation of the construction and function of GBP-SubA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.,School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Zongwei Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Tonglin Shi
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Xiaoqin La
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Hanqing Li
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China. .,College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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21
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Yazdian-Robati R, Ramezani M, Jalalian SH, Abnous K, Taghdisi SM. Targeted Delivery of Epirubicin to Cancer Cells by Polyvalent Aptamer System in vitro and in vivo. Pharm Res 2016; 33:2289-97. [PMID: 27283831 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-1967-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The clinical use of Epirubicin (Epi), as an anthracycline drug, is limited because of its cardiotoxicity. Here, an Epirubicin (Epi)-modified polyvalent aptamer system (MPAS) conjugate was developed for the treatment of both murine colon carcinoma cells (C26) and breast cancer cells (MCF-7). METHODS Epi-MPAS conjugate formation was evaluated by fluorometric analysis. Release profiles of Epi from the developed conjugate were analyzed at pHs 5.4 and 7.4. For MTT assay (cytotoxic study) C26 and MCF-7 (target cells) and CHO cells (Chinese hamster ovary cell, nontarget) were treated with Epi, MPAS and Epi-MPAS conjugate. Internalization was assessed by fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry analysis. The designed conjugate was used for prohibition of tumor growth in vivo. RESULTS Release of Epi from the Epi-MPAS conjugated was pH-dependent (more release at pH 5.5). Flow cytometry analysis and MTT assay showed that Epi-MPAS conjugate could significantly enhance the cellular uptake of Epi and increase its cytotoxicity in target cells as compared with non-targeted cell (CHO). Additionally, this complex could efficiently prohibit the tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the developed drug delivery system had the characteristics of efficient Epi loading, pH-dependent drug release and tumor targeting in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Yazdian-Robati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamid Jalalian
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mohammad Taghdisi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Pujari R, Jose J, Bhavnani V, Kumar N, Shastry P, Pal JK. Tamoxifen-induced cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells is mediated by glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) via AKT (Thr308) regulation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 77:57-67. [PMID: 27262235 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) has recently been suggested to be associated with drug resistance in breast cancer patients. However, the precise role of GRP78 in drug resistance and the involved signaling pathways are not clearly understood. In the present study, we show that among a panel of drugs, namely Paclitaxel (TAX), Doxorubicin (DOX), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), UCN-01 and Tamoxifen (TAM) used, TAM alone up-regulated the expression of GRP78 significantly and induced apoptosis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Interestingly, inhibition of GRP78 by a specific pharmacological inhibitor, VER-155008 augmented TAM-induced apoptosis, and overexpression of GRP78 rendered the cells resistant to TAM-induced cell death suggesting a role for GRP78 in TAM-induced cytotoxicity. Mechanistically, the expression of phosphorylated AKT as determined by Western blot analyses revealed that TAM selectively upregulated phosphorylation of AKT at Thr308 but not at Ser473, and siRNA silencing of GRP78 resulted in inhibition of AKT phosphorylation at Thr308 but not at Ser473. Further, a GRP78 inhibitor, VER155008 inhibited TAM-induced phosphorylation of GSK3β, a downstream substrate of AKT. These results, thus suggests a role for GRP78 in TAM-induced AKT activation. Additionally, co-localization studies by immunofluorescence, and immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated a complex formation of AKT and GRP78. Furthermore, in glucose-free medium, the cells were sensitized to TAM-induced cell death that was associated with reduced AKT phosphorylation at Thr308, thus strengthening the association of AKT regulation with drug response. Collectively, our findings identify a role of GRP78 in AKT regulation in response to TAM in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha Pujari
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jemy Jose
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Varsha Bhavnani
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Natesh Kumar
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Campus, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Padma Shastry
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Campus, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Jayanta K Pal
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra, India.
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Rashid HO, Yadav RK, Kim HR, Chae HJ. ER stress: Autophagy induction, inhibition and selection. Autophagy 2015; 11:1956-1977. [PMID: 26389781 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1091141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 554] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leads to stress conditions. To mitigate such circumstances, stressed cells activate a homeostatic intracellular signaling network cumulatively called the unfolded protein response (UPR), which orchestrates the recuperation of ER function. Macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy), an intracellular lysosome-mediated bulk degradation pathway for recycling and eliminating wornout proteins, protein aggregates, and damaged organelles, has also emerged as an essential protective mechanism during ER stress. These 2 systems are dynamically interconnected, and recent investigations have revealed that ER stress can either stimulate or inhibit autophagy. However, the stress-associated molecular cues that control the changeover switch between induction and inhibition of autophagy are largely obscure. This review summarizes the crosstalk between ER stress and autophagy and their signaling networks mainly in mammalian-based systems. Additionally, we highlight current knowledge on selective autophagy and its connection to ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harun-Or Rashid
- a Department of Pharmacology ; Medical School; Chonbuk National University
| | - Raj Kumar Yadav
- a Department of Pharmacology ; Medical School; Chonbuk National University
| | - Hyung-Ryong Kim
- b Department of Dental Pharmacology ; College of Dentistry; Wonkwang University
| | - Han-Jung Chae
- a Department of Pharmacology ; Medical School; Chonbuk National University
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24
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Desacetyl nimbinene inhibits breast cancer growth and metastasis through reactive oxygen species mediated mechanisms. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:6527-37. [PMID: 26637227 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4468-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in induction of apoptosis and regulation of key signaling molecules in cancer cells. Phytochemicals are potent source of anticancer drugs as wells as potential inducers of ROS. Neem (Azadirachta indica) is a medicinal plant used for the treatment of various diseases. The main objective of this study is to investigate the anticancer effect of desacetyl nimbinene (DAN; an active ingredient of neem) against breast cancer. Normal and breast cancer cell lines were used for the study. The effect of DAN on cell proliferation, apoptosis, ROS generation, migration, and invasion was analyzed. Antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD)1 and SOD2 were overexpressed to test the effect of DAN-induced ROS generation on breast cancer growth. Key survival and apoptotic protein markers were analyzed to validate the anticancer effect of DAN. Our data demonstrated that DAN inhibited the growth of breast cancer cells by inducing ROS generation. Further investigations revealed that DAN treatment lead to the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential resulting in mitochondria-dependent apoptotic cell death. Increased phosphorylation of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) and reduced phosphorylation of p38 were also observed in response to DAN treatment. Inhibition of ROS production by overexpressing antioxidant enzymes SOD1 and SOD2 reduced the DAN-induced cytotoxicity. Additionally, DAN significantly inhibited migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Overall, our data suggest that DAN exerts its anticancer effect on breast cancer by induction of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis mediated by ROS accumulation.
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25
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Govindaraj V, Rao AJ. Comparative proteomic analysis of primordial follicles from ovaries of immature and aged rats. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2015; 61:367-75. [PMID: 26391928 DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2015.1077903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Age related decline in reproductive performance in women is well documented and apoptosis has been considered as one of the reasons for the decline of primordial follicle reserve. Recently we observed a decline in the efficiency of DNA repair ability in aged rat primordial follicles as demonstrated by decreased mRNA levels of DNA repair genes BRCA1 and H2AX. In the present study, a two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) proteomic approach was employed to identify differentially expressed proteins in primordial follicles isolated from ovaries of immature (∼20 days) and aged (∼400-450 days) rats. Using MALDI-TOF/TOF MS, we identified 13 differentially expressed proteins (p < 0.05) which included seven up-regulated and six down-regulated proteins in aged primordial follicles. These proteins are involved in a wide range of biological functions including apoptosis, DNA repair, and the immune system. Interestingly, the differentially expressed proteins such as FIGNL1 (DNA repair) and BOK (apoptotic protein) have not been previously reported in the rat primordial follicles and these proteins can be related to some common features of ovarian aging such as loss of follicle reserve and genome integrity. The quantitative differences of two important proteins BOK and FIGNL1 observed by the proteomic analysis were correlated with the transcript levels, as determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Our results improve the current knowledge about protein factors associated with molecular changes in rat primordial follicles as a function of aging and our understanding of the proteomic processes involved in degenerative changes observed in aging primordial follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Jagannadha Rao
- a Department of Biochemistry , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore , India
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26
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Martin S, Lovat PE, Redfern CPF. Cell-type variation in stress responses as a consequence of manipulating GRP78 expression in neuroectodermal cells. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:438-49. [PMID: 25336069 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is a stress sensor which interacts with unfolded protein response (UPR) activators in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that GRP78 has distinct functional roles in mediating the effects of ER stress in neuroblastoma compared to other neuroectodermal cancer types. GRP78 was knocked down or overexpressed in neuroectodermal tumor cell lines. Protein and transcript expression were measured using Western blotting, confocal microscopy, and real-time polymerase chain reaction; cell stress was assessed by measurement of oxidative stress and accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and cell response by measurement of apoptosis and cell viability. Neuroblastoma cells were more sensitive to ER stress than melanoma and glioblastoma cells. GRP78 knockdown increased stress sensitivity of melanoma and glioblastoma cells, but not neuroblastoma cells. Over-expression of GRP78 decreased the stress sensitivity of melanoma and glioblastoma cells but, in contrast, increased the stress sensitivity of neuroblastoma cells by activation of caspase-3-independent cell death and substantially increased the expression of UPR activators, particularly inositol-requiring element 1 (IRE1). The results from this study suggest that cell-type specific differences in the relationships between GRP78 and the UPR activators, particularly IRE1, may determine differential sensitivity to ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Martin
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
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27
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Fang L, Kojima K, Zhou L, Crossman DK, Mobley JA, Grams J. Analysis of the Human Proteome in Subcutaneous and Visceral Fat Depots in Diabetic and Non-diabetic Patients with Morbid Obesity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 8:133-141. [PMID: 26472921 PMCID: PMC4603752 DOI: 10.4172/jpb.1000361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
No longer regarded as simply a storage depot, fat is a dynamic organ acting locally and systemically to modulate energy homeostasis, glucose sensitivity, insulin resistance, and inflammatory pathways. Here, mass spectrometry was used to survey the proteome of patient matched subcutaneous fat and visceral fat in 20 diabetic vs 22 nondiabetic patients with morbid obesity. A similar number of proteins (~600) were identified in each tissue type. When stratified by diabetic status, 19 and 41 proteins were found to be differentially abundant in subcutaneous fat and omentum, respectively. These proteins represent pathways known to be involved in metabolism. Five of these proteins were differentially abundant in both fat depots: moesin, 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein, protein cordon-bleu, zinc finger protein 611, and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1. Three proteins, decorin, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1, and 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein, were further tested for validation by western blot analysis. Investigation of the proteins reported here is expected to expand on the current knowledge of adipose tissue driven biochemistry in diabetes and obesity, with the ultimate goal of identifying clinical targets for the development of novel therapeutic interventions in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. To our knowledge, this study is the first to survey the global proteome derived from each subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue obtained from the same patient in the clinical setting of morbid obesity, with and without diabetes. It is also the largest study of diabetic vs nondiabetic patients with 42 patients surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Fang
- Ningbo Lihuili Hospital; Ningbo, Zhejiang, China ; Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kyoko Kojima
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lihua Zhou
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David K Crossman
- Heflin Center for Genomic Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA ; Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James A Mobley
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA ; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA ; Heflin Center for Genomic Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jayleen Grams
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA ; Department of Surgery, Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Zhang L, Li Z, Fan Y, Li H, Li Z, Li Y. Overexpressed GRP78 affects EMT and cell-matrix adhesion via autocrine TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 64:202-11. [PMID: 25934251 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-regulated protein of 78kD (GRP78) is a multifunctional protein belonging to the heat shock protein 70 family. Overexpression of GRP78 triggered by environmental and physiological stresses is positively correlated with the occurrence and progression of various tumors, but the molecular mechanisms have not been well established. The present study indicated that overexpression of GRP78 in colon cancer cells could promote cell-matrix adhesion through the upregulation of fibronectin, integrin-β1 and phosphorylated FAK. Meanwhile, it resulted in a visible epithelial-mesenchymal transition in DLD1 cells, and the Snail-2 played the key role during the process. More importantly, the data indicated that GRP78 overexpression facilitated the expression and secretion of TGF-β1, which further activated the downstream Smad2/3 signaling module to effectuate the cell-matrix adhesion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Taken together, this study provides a novel molecular mechanism involving in the effects of GRP78 on colon cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zongwei Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yongsheng Fan
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Hanqing Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhouyu Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Yaoping Li
- Shanxi Tumor Hospital, Taiyuan 030006, China
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29
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Kaur S, Bansal MP. Protective role of dietary-supplemented selenium and vitamin E in heat-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in mice testes. Andrologia 2014; 47:1109-19. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Kaur
- Department of Biophysics; Punjab University; Chandigarh India
| | - M. P. Bansal
- Department of Biophysics; Punjab University; Chandigarh India
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30
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Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) regulates colon cancer metastasis through EMT biomarkers and the NRF-2/HO-1 pathway. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:1859-69. [PMID: 25431258 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2788-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is a key chaperone and stress response protein. Previous studies have demonstrated that high GRP78 expression may be correlated with cancer progression and therapeutic response. However, the role of GRP78 in the metastasis of colon cancer is unclear. In this study, we used small interfering RNA (siRNA) to knock down GRP78 expression in colon cancer cells (HT-29 and DLD-1 cells). In wound-healing migration assays, we found that GRP78-knockdown (GRP78KD) cells showed better wound-healing ability than control cells. We also found that GRP78KD cells displayed a better migratory ability than control cells in migration and invasion assays. As we further dissected the underlying molecular mechanism, we found that silencing GRP78 may cause an increase in vimentin expression and a decrease in the E-cadherin level, which was correlated with the increase in migratory ability. In addition, we found that GRP78KD may activate the NRF-2/HO-1 pathway, and this activation was also correlated with the increase in cell invasiveness. Furthermore, we examined GRP78 expression in a tissue array and found that the GRP78 expression in metastatic adenocarcinoma in lymph nodes tended to be weaker than that in primary colonic adenocarcinoma. In conclusion, a low level of GRP78 may cause an increase in metastasis ability in colon cancer cells by altering E-cadherin and vimentin expression and activating the NRF-2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Our study demonstrates that low expression of GRP78 may correlate with a high risk of metastasis in colon cancer.
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31
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GRP78 regulates sensitivity of human colorectal cancer cells to DNA targeting agents. Cytotechnology 2014; 68:459-67. [PMID: 25399254 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9799-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the activation status of unfolded protein response (UPR) in colorectal cancer (CRC) and its contribution to CRC resistance to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Chemotherapy-induced apoptosis was assessed by the propidium iodide method. Activation of UPR was evaluated in CRC cell lines using immunoblotting technique and in CRC tissues using immunohistochemistry. Findings of the present study revealed that the UPR is constitutively activated in CRC cell lines and CRC tissues isolated from patients, as evidenced by relatively high levels of the 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) and spliced X-box-binding protein 1 mRNA in tissue samples. In addition, CRC cell lines differentially responded to clinically relevant DNA-targeting agents including cisplatin, and 5-flourouracil. Moreover, the levels of GRP78 were inversely associated with sensitivity of CRC cells to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Inhibition of GRP78 by siRNA resulted in increased sensitivity of CRC cells to chemotherapeutic agents. Collectively, current results appear to provide novel insights into the role of UPR in determining sensitivity of CRC cells to chemotherapeutic agents and might have important implications for personalized CRC treatment.
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32
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Lu T, Yang W, Wang Z, Hu Z, Zeng X, Yang C, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Li F, Liu Z, Wang D, Ye Z. Knockdown of glucose-regulated protein 78/binding immunoglobulin heavy chain protein expression by asymmetric small interfering RNA induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells and attenuates migratory capability. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:249-56. [PMID: 25338653 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-regulated protein 78 [GRP78, also termed binding immunoglobulin heavy chain protein (Bip)] may be involved in cancer progression and metastasis. However, to date there has been minimal investigation into its potential role in human prostate cancer cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that asymmetric small interfering RNA (asiRNA)-mediated gene silencing is more effective and longer-lasting than conventional symmetric siRNA. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the effects of GRP78-specific asiRNA on human prostate cancer cells. A series of asiRNAs was synthesized and their efficiency in silencing GRP78 expression in PC-3 human prostate cancer cells was evaluated. The effects of knockdown using asiRNAs were compared to those of knockdown using symmetric siRNAs. The effect of GRP78 silencing on PC-3 cell apoptosis and migration, and the possible mechanisms governing these biological processes were examined. Compared with the symmetric siRNA, transfection with the 15 base pair asiRNA (asiGRP78-3) resulted in greater downregulation of GRP78 expression. GRP78 depletion in PC-3 cells resulted in increased apoptosis and decreased migration of these cells. Experiments investigating the underlying mechanisms of these effects revealed that knockdown of GRP78 attenuated protein kinase B activation and decreased the expression of pro-caspase 9, pro-caspase 3 and vimentin. In conclusion, knockdown of GRP78/Bip expression with asymmetric siRNA led to increased prostate cancer cell apoptosis and reduced cellular migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Lu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Yang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Zhiquan Hu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Xing Zeng
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Chunguang Yang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Dongbiao Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Zhangqun Ye
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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Wang N, Wang Z, Peng C, You J, Shen J, Han S, Chen J. Dietary compound isoliquiritigenin targets GRP78 to chemosensitize breast cancer stem cells via β-catenin/ABCG2 signaling. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:2544-54. [PMID: 25194164 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that β-catenin signaling in breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) is closely correlated to chemoresistance and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette subfamily G2 (ABCG2) expression. Targeting the aberrant β-catenin signaling in CSCs has become a promising strategy to improve chemosensitivity in cancer treatment. In a pilot screening study, we found that the natural compound isoliquiritigenin (ISL) blocked β-catenin transcription activity with the highest inhibition ratio. Here, we investigated the chemosensitizing effects of ISL on breast CSCs and the underlying mechanisms regulating the β-catenin pathway. ISL could have synergistic effects with chemotherapeutic drugs to inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation and colony formation. In addition, ISL could significantly limit the side population and CSC ratios in breast cancer cells, accompanied by inhibited self-renewal and multidifferentiation abilities. A mechanistic study revealed that ISL could inhibit β-catenin/ABCG2 signaling by activating the proteasome degradation pathway. The drug affinity responsive target stability strategy further identified GRP78 as the direct target of ISL. Subsequent molecular docking analysis and functional studies demonstrated that ISL could dock into the ATP domain of GRP78 and thereby inhibit its ATPase activity, resulting in its dissociation from β-catenin. An in vivo study also suggested that ISL could chemosensitize breast CSCs via the GRP78/β-catenin/ABCG2 pathway, with little toxicity in normal tissues and mammary stem cells. Taken together, the data from this study not only suggest ISL as a natural candidate to enhance breast CSC chemosensitivity but also highlight the significance of GRP78 in mediating cancer drug resistance and β-catenin signaling in CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neng Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Estates Building, 10 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong 00852, China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Estates Building, 10 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong 00852, China, Department of Mammary Disease, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China and
| | - Cheng Peng
- Pharmacy College,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Jieshu You
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Estates Building, 10 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong 00852, China
| | - Jiangang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Estates Building, 10 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong 00852, China
| | - Shouwei Han
- Department of Mammary Disease, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China and
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Estates Building, 10 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong 00852, China,
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Wu HM, Jiang ZF, Fan XY, Wang T, Ke-Xu, Yan XB, Ma Y, Xiao WH, Liu RY. Reversed expression of GRIM-1 and GRP78 in human non-small cell lung cancer. Hum Pathol 2014; 45:1936-43. [PMID: 25081541 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2014.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Gene associated with retinoid and interferon-induced mortality 1 (GRIM-1) acts as a tumor growth suppressor via apoptosis induction. However, GRIM-1 expression in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its potential interaction with another apoptosis-associated protein-glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78)-are as yet unknown. Using 40 surgical specimens, we showed significantly lower expression of GRIM-1 in NSCLC at both protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels compared with that in normal tissues (P < .01 and P < .001, respectively). Interestingly, these tumors tended to express higher basal amounts of GRP78 protein and mRNA (P < .05 and P < .001, respectively). Similarly, in the NSCLC tissues, weaker staining for GRIM-1 (main intensity + to ++) but stronger staining for GRP78 (main intensity +++ to ++++) was observed. Correlation analysis showed that protein and mRNA expression or the percentage of cells immunoreactive for GRIM-1 was negatively correlated with that of GRP78 (r = -0.279, r = -0.326, or r = -0.571, respectively). Coimmunoprecipitation and transient transfection revealed that GRIM-1 interacted with GRP78 and suppressed GRP78 protein expression. In addition, there was no correlation between GRIM-1 expression and clinical characteristics, whereas GRP78 expression was significantly correlated with tumor-nodes-metastasis (TNM) stage (stage 3 + 4 versus stage 1 + 2). In conclusion, the expression of GRIM-1 and GRP78 was negatively correlated in human NSCLC tissues, and the down-regulation of GRP78 by GRIM-1 provides a possible mechanism for their interaction. This study suggests a novel potential molecular pathway inactivated during the development of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Mei Wu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Anhui Geriatric Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, PR China
| | - Zi-Feng Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Anhui Geriatric Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yun Fan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Anhui Geriatric Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, PR China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Anhui Geriatric Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, PR China
| | - Ke-Xu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Anhui Geriatric Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xue-Bo Yan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Anhui Geriatric Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yang Ma
- School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, PR China
| | - Wei-Hua Xiao
- School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, PR China
| | - Rong-Yu Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Anhui Geriatric Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, PR China.
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BI-69A11 enhances susceptibility of colon cancer cells to mda-7/IL-24-induced growth inhibition by targeting Akt. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:101-11. [PMID: 24892445 PMCID: PMC4090725 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Akt and its downstream signalling pathways contribute to the aetiology and progression of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Targeting the Akt pathway is an attractive strategy but few chemotherapeutic drugs have been used to treat CRC with only limited success. BI-69A11, a small molecule inhibitor of Akt, efficiently inhibits growth in melanoma cells. Melanoma differentiation associated gene-7 (mda-7)/interleukin-24 promotes cancer-selective apoptosis when delivered by a tropism-modified replication incompetent adenovirus (Ad.5/3-mda-7). However, Ad.5/3-mda-7 displays diminished antitumour efficacy in several CRC cell lines, which correlates with the expression of K-RAS. Methods: The individual and combinatorial effect of BI-69A11 and Ad.5/3-mda-7 in vitro was studied by cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis and invasion assays in HT29 and HCT116 cells containing wild type or mutant K-ras, respectively. In vivo HT29 tumour xenografts were used to test the efficacy of the combination treatment. Results: BI-69A11 inhibited growth and induced apoptosis in CRC. However, combinatorial treatment was more effective compared with single treatment. This combination showed profound antitumour and anti angiogenic effects in vitro and in vivo by downregulating Akt activity. Conclusions: BI-69A11 enhances the antitumour efficacy of Ad.5/3-mda-7 on CRC overexpressing K-RAS by inducing apoptosis and regulating Akt activity thereby warranting further evaluation in treating CRC.
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Aksenov V, Boreham D, Rollo CD. Impact of a complex nutraceutical supplement on primary tumour formation and metastasis in Trp53+/- cancer-prone mice. Mutagenesis 2014; 29:177-87. [PMID: 24531571 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geu002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A complex dietary supplement designed to impact multiple mechanisms associated with aging and cancer reduced overall tumorigenesis in cancer-prone heterozygous Trp53+/- mice by ~30% (P < 0.018). Carcinomas were reduced by 67% (P < 0.006). Remarkably, metastasis (a leading cause of cancer mortality) was undetectable in treated animals (P < 0.004), and the occurrence of multiple primary tumours was reduced by 74% (P < 0.012). Reduction of pulmonary adenocarcinoma by 62% (P < 0.021) was of particular note given that lung cancer is the second leading cause of death in humans. Tumours showed pronounced age-related expression in untreated animals older than 600 days. Benefits of treatment only emerged in these later ages, suggesting that the supplement acted on mechanisms common to aging and cancer. The supplement was administered daily on bagel bits that were usually eaten within minutes by the mice. Although longevity was not statistically different between treatments, longevity was strongly related to the compliance of mice in eating the supplement. Linear regression revealed a strong positive relationship between the proportion of supplement eaten and the longevity of mice within the treatment group (P < 0.0001).
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Tor YS, Yazan LS, Foo JB, Armania N, Cheah YK, Abdullah R, Imam MU, Ismail N, Ismail M. Induction of apoptosis through oxidative stress-related pathways in MCF-7, human breast cancer cells, by ethyl acetate extract of Dillenia suffruticosa. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:55. [PMID: 24524627 PMCID: PMC3927215 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is one of the most dreading types of cancer among women. Herbal medicine has becoming a potential source of treatment for breast cancer. Herbal plant Dillenia suffruticosa (Griff) Martelli under the family Dilleniaceae has been traditionally used to treat cancerous growth. In this study, the anticancer effect of ethyl acetate extract of D. suffruticosa (EADs) was examined on human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7 and the molecular pathway involved was elucidated. Methods EADs was obtained from the root of D. suffruticosa by using sequential solvent extraction. Cytotoxicity was determined by using MTT assay, mode of cell death by cell cycle analysis and apoptosis induction by Annexin-FITC/PI assay. Morphology changes in cells were observed under inverted light microscope. Involvement of selected genes in the oxidative stress-mediated signaling pathway was explored using multiplex gene expression analysis. Results The treatment of EADs caused cytotoxicity to MCF-7 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner at 24, 48 and 72 hours with IC50 of 76 ± 2.3, 58 ± 0.7 and 39 ± 3.6 μg/mL, respectively. The IC50 of tamoxifen-treated MCF-7 cells was 8 ± 0.5 μg/mL. Induction of apoptosis by EADs was dose- and time- dependent. EADs induced non-phase specific cell cycle arrest at different concentration and time point. The multiplex mRNA expression study indicated that EADs-induced apoptosis was accompanied by upregulation of the expression of SOD1, SOD2, NF-κB, p53, p38 MAPK, and catalase, but downregulation of Akt1. Conclusion It is suggested that EADs induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells by modulating numerous genes which are involved in oxidative stress pathway. Therefore, EADs has the potential to act as an effective intervention against breast cancer cells.
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Parmar JH, Cook KL, Shajahan-Haq AN, Clarke PAG, Tavassoly I, Clarke R, Tyson JJ, Baumann WT. Modelling the effect of GRP78 on anti-oestrogen sensitivity and resistance in breast cancer. Interface Focus 2014; 3:20130012. [PMID: 24511377 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2013.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the origins of resistance to anti-oestrogen drugs is of critical importance to many breast cancer patients. Recent experiments show that knockdown of GRP78, a key gene in the unfolded protein response (UPR), can re-sensitize resistant cells to anti-oestrogens, and overexpression of GRP78 in sensitive cells can cause them to become resistant. These results appear to arise from the operation and interaction of three cellular systems: the UPR, autophagy and apoptosis. To determine whether our current mechanistic understanding of these systems is sufficient to explain the experimental results, we built a mathematical model of the three systems and their interactions. We show that the model is capable of reproducing previously published experimental results and some new data gathered specifically for this paper. The model provides us with a tool to better understand the interactions that bring about anti-oestrogen resistance and the effects of GRP78 on both sensitive and resistant breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jignesh H Parmar
- Department of Biological Sciences , Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , Blacksburg, VA 24061 , USA
| | - Katherine L Cook
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center , Georgetown University Medical Center , Washington, DC 20057 , USA
| | - Ayesha N Shajahan-Haq
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center , Georgetown University Medical Center , Washington, DC 20057 , USA
| | - Pamela A G Clarke
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center , Georgetown University Medical Center , Washington, DC 20057 , USA
| | - Iman Tavassoly
- Department of Biological Sciences , Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , Blacksburg, VA 24061 , USA
| | - Robert Clarke
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center , Georgetown University Medical Center , Washington, DC 20057 , USA
| | - John J Tyson
- Department of Biological Sciences , Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , Blacksburg, VA 24061 , USA
| | - William T Baumann
- Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , Blacksburg, VA 24061 , USA
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Alejo JL, Blanchard SC, Andersen OS. Small-molecule photostabilizing agents are modifiers of lipid bilayer properties. Biophys J 2014; 104:2410-8. [PMID: 23746513 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-molecule photostabilizing or protective agents (PAs) provide essential support for the stability demands on fluorescent dyes in single-molecule spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy. These agents are employed also in studies of cell membranes and model systems mimicking lipid bilayer environments, but there is little information about their possible effects on membrane structure and physical properties. Given the impact of amphipathic small molecules on bilayer properties such as elasticity and intrinsic curvature, we investigated the effects of six commonly used PAs--cyclooctatetraene (COT), para-nitrobenzyl alcohol (NBA), Trolox (TX), 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), para-nitrobenzoic acid (pNBA), and n-propyl gallate (nPG)--on bilayer properties using a gramicidin A (gA)-based fluorescence quench assay to probe for PA-induced changes in the gramicidin monomer↔dimer equilibrium. The experiments were done using fluorophore-loaded large unilamellar vesicles that had been doped with gA, and changes in the gA monomer↔dimer equilibrium were assayed using a gA channel-permeable fluorescence quencher (Tl⁺). Changes in bilayer properties caused by, e.g., PA adsorption at the bilayer/solution interface that alter the equilibrium constant for gA channel formation, and thus the number of conducting gA channels in the large unilamellar vesicle membrane, will be detectable as changes in the rate of Tl⁺ influx-the fluorescence quench rate. Over the experimentally relevant millimolar concentration range, TX, NBA, and pNBA, caused comparable increases in gA channel activity. COT, also in the millimolar range, caused a slight decrease in gA channel activity. nPG increased channel activity at submillimolar concentrations. DABCO did not alter gA activity. Five of the six tested PAs thus alter lipid bilayer properties at experimentally relevant concentrations, which becomes important for the design and analysis of fluorescence studies in cells and model membrane systems. We therefore tested combinations of COT, NBA, and TX; the combinations altered the fluorescence quench rate less than would be predicted assuming their effects on bilayer properties were additive. The combination of equimolar concentrations of COT and NBA caused minimal changes in the fluorescence quench rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Alejo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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Geraghty P, Hardigan AA, Wallace AM, Mirochnitchenko O, Thankachen J, Arellanos L, Thompson V, D'Armiento JM, Foronjy RF. The glutathione peroxidase 1-protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B-protein phosphatase 2A axis. A key determinant of airway inflammation and alveolar destruction. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2013; 49:721-30. [PMID: 23590304 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0026oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase-2A (PP2A) is a primary serine-threonine phosphatase that modulates inflammatory responses in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Despite its importance, the mechanisms that regulate lung PP2A activity remain to be determined. The redox-sensitive enzyme protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B) activates PP2A by dephosphorylating the catalytic subunit of the protein at tyrosine 307. This study aimed to identify how the interaction between the intracellular antioxidant glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) and PTP1B affected lung PP2A activity and airway inflammation. Experiments using gene silencing techniques in mouse lung or human small airway epithelial cells determined that knocking down PTP1B expression blocked GPx-1's activation of PP2A and negated the anti-inflammatory effects of GPx-1 protein in the lung. Similarly, the expression of human GPx-1 in transgenic mice significantly increased PP2A and PTP1B activities and prevented chronic cigarette smoke-induced airway inflammation and alveolar destruction. GPx-1 knockout mice, however, exhibited an exaggerated emphysema phenotype, correlating with a nonresponsive PP2A pathway. Importantly, GPx-1-PTP1B-PP2A signaling becomes inactivated in advanced lung disease. Indeed, PTP1B protein was oxidized in the lungs of subjects with advanced emphysema, and cigarette smoke did not increase GPx-1 or PTP1B activity within epithelial cells isolated from subjects with COPD, unlike samples of healthy lung epithelial cells. In conclusion, these findings establish that the GPx-1-PTP1B-PP2A axis plays a critical role in countering the inflammatory and proteolytic responses that result in lung-tissue destruction in response to cigarette smoke exposure.
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Proteomic analysis identifies differentially expressed proteins after red propolis treatment in Hep-2 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 63:195-204. [PMID: 24239894 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Here we investigated alterations in the protein profile of Hep-2 treated with red propolis using two-dimensional electrophoresis associated to mass spectrometry and apoptotic rates of cells treated with and without red propolis extracts through TUNEL and Annexin-V assays. A total of 325 spots were manually excised from the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and 177 proteins were identified using LC-MS-MS. Among all proteins identified that presented differential expression, most were down-regulated in presence of red propolis extract at a concentration of 120 μg/mL (IC50): GRP78, PRDX2, LDHB, VIM and TUBA1A. Only two up-regulated proteins were identified in this study in the non-cytotoxic (6 μg/mL) red propolis treated group: RPLP0 and RAD23B. TUNEL staining assay showed a markedly increase in the mid- to late-stage apoptosis of Hep-2 cells induced by red propolis at concentrations of 60 and 120 μg/mL when compared with non-treated cells. The increase of late apoptosis was confirmed by in situ Annexin-V analysis in which red propolis extract induced late apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. The differences in tumor cell protein profiles warrant further investigations including isolation of major bioactive compounds of red propolis in different cell lines using proteomics and molecular tests to validate the protein expression here observed.
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Pandurangan AK. Potential targets for prevention of colorectal cancer: a focus on PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Wnt pathways. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:2201-5. [PMID: 23725112 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.4.2201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in many parts of the world. Its development is a multi-step process involving three distinct stages, initiation that alters the molecular message of a normal cell, followed by promotion and progression that ultimately generates a phenotypically altered transformed malignant cell. Reports have suggested an association of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway with colon tumorigenesis. Activation of Akt signaling and impaired expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) (a negative regulator of Akt) has been reported in 60-70% of human colon cancers and inhibitors of PI3K/Akt signaling have been suggested as potential therapeutic agents. Around 80% of human colon tumors possess mutations in the APC gene and half of the remainder feature β-catenin gene mutations which affect downstream signaling of the PI3K/Akt pathway. In recent years, there has been a great focus in targeting these signaling pathways, with natural and synthetic drugs reducing the tumor burden in different experiment models. In this review we survey the role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Wnt signaling in CRC.
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Huang Q, Zhang J, Martin FL, Peng S, Tian M, Mu X, Shen H. Perfluorooctanoic acid induces apoptosis through the p53-dependent mitochondrial pathway in human hepatic cells: a proteomic study. Toxicol Lett 2013; 223:211-20. [PMID: 24035753 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is one of the most commonly used perfluorinated compounds, and exposure to it has been associated with a number of adverse health effects. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in PFOA toxicity are still not well characterized. In the present study, flow cytometry analysis revealed that PFOA induced oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human non-tumor hepatic cells (L-02). Furthermore, we investigated the alterations in protein profile within L-02 cells exposed to PFOA, aiming to explore the mechanisms underlying PFOA hepatotoxicity on the proteome level. Of the 28 proteins showing significant differential expression in response to PFOA, 24 were down-regulated and 4 were up-regulated. This proteomic study proposed that the inhibition of some proteins, including GRP78, HSP27, CTSD and hnRNPC may be involved in the activation of p53, which consequently triggered the apoptotic process in L-02 cells. Induction of apoptosis via the p53-dependent mitochondrial pathway is further suggested as one of the key toxicological events occurring in L-02 cells under PFOA stress. We hope these data will shed new light on the molecular mechanisms responsible for PFOA-mediated toxicity in human liver cells, and from such studies useful biomarkers indicative of PFOA exposure could be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
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Wei PL, Tu CC, Chen CH, Ho YS, Wu CT, Su HY, Chen WY, Liu JJ, Chang YJ. Shikonin suppresses the migratory ability of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:8191-8197. [PMID: 23899086 DOI: 10.1021/jf4009586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Shikonin is a traditional Oriental medical herb extracted from Lithospermum erythrorhizon. Many studies have shown that shikonin possesses anticancer ability against many different cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, tumor metastasis has been become an important clinical obstacle. However, the effect of shikonin on metastasis by HCC is unknown. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of shikonin on HCC cells was determined by an MTT assay and the xCELLigence biosensor system. The migratory ability of HCC cells was detected by a transwell migration assay and the xCELLigence biosensor system. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 (MMP-2 and -9) expression levels were determined by Western blotting, and the activities of MMP-2 and -9 were determined by gelatin zymography. We found that IC50 values of HepJ5 and Mahlavu cells to shikonin treatment were around 2 μM. Exposure to a low dose of shikonin (0-0.4 μM) did not influence the survival of HCC cells. Interestingly, exposure to a low dose of shikonin inhibited the migratory ability on HepJ5 and Mahlavu cells. To further dissect the mechanism, we found that treatment with a low dose of shikonin reduced the activities and expression levels of MMP-2 and -9, which were correlated with the decreased cell migratory ability of HCC cells. In addition, we found a decrease of vimnetin expression, but no influence on the expression levels of N-cadherin, TWIST, or GRP78. In mechanism dissecting, we found that shikonin treatment may suppress the phosphorylation of AKT and then reduce the NF-κB (NF = nuclear factor) levels, but has no influence on the levels of c-Fos and c-Jun. Furthermore, we also found that shikonin may also reduce the phosphorylation of IκB. We concluded that a low dose of shikonin can suppress the migratory ability of HCC cells through downregulation of expression levels of vimentin and MMP-2 and -9. Our findings suggest that shikonin may be a new compound to prevent the migration of HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Li Wei
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Taghdisi SM, Danesh NM, Sarreshtehdar Emrani A, Tabrizian K, Zandkarimi M, Ramezani M, Abnous K. Targeted delivery of Epirubicin to cancer cells by PEGylated A10 aptamer. J Drug Target 2013; 21:739-44. [PMID: 23815443 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2013.812095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Clinical administrations of anthracyclines are limited by cardiotoxicity and myelosuppression. Targeted delivery of anticancer agents is especially important in reducing their side effects. In this work, A10 (Apt), an aptamer for prostate-specific membrane anytigen (PSMA), was applied for targeted delivery of Epirubicin (Epi) to LNCaP cells (PSMA(+)). Flow cytometry analysis showed that PEG-Apt-Epi complex was internalized effectively to LNCaP cells (PSMA(+)), but not to PC3 cells (PSMA(-)). This fact was confirmed by less cytotoxicity of PEG-Apt-Epi complex in PC3 cells in comparison with Epi alone. No significant change in viability between Epi- and complex-treated LNCaP cells was observed. In conclusion, PEG-Apt-Epi complex is an efficient and simple system for specific delivery of drug to PSMA-expressing cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Taghdisi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
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Kuo LJ, Hung CS, Chen WY, Chang YJ, Wei PL. Glucose-regulated protein 78 silencing down-regulates vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 pathway to suppress human colon cancer tumor growth. J Surg Res 2013; 185:264-72. [PMID: 23759331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to 20% of colorectal cancer (CRC) is diagnosed with distant metastasis. The combination of chemotherapy with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody can improve patient survival. Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) has an important role in cancer progression, but little is known about its role in VEGF production in CRC. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism of GRP78 in two human colon cancer cell lines. METHODS We first checked the expression of GRP78 in human normal and colon cancer tissues and two colon cancer cell lines. Glucose-regulated protein 78 was knocked down using GRP78 small interfering RNA (siRNA) in HT29 and DLD-1 cells. We examined knockdown cells by the cell growth kinetics in vitro and tumor growth rate in vivo, respectively. We also investigated the effect of GRP78 siRNA on the expression of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α), VEGF, and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2). RESULTS Compared with their adjacent normal tissue, we detected high expression levels of GRP78 of surgically removed colon cancer tissues. Using GRP78 siRNA, we reduced the expression of GRP78 in HT29 and DLD-1 cells. The GRP78 knockdown cells had a lower proliferation rate with fewer colony-forming units in vitro and produced smaller tumors in vivo. In dissecting the mechanism underlying the reduced cell growth, we found that the down-regulation of GRP78 decreased the production of HIF-1α, VEGF, and VEGFR2 and suppressed angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Silencing GRP78 not only inhibits tumor, but also decreases the expression of VEGF and VEGFR2. Collectively, therapy targeting for GRP78 may inhibit the formation of colon cancer tumors via the HIF-1α/VEGF/VEGFR2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jen Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Avila MF, Cabezas R, Torrente D, Gonzalez J, Morales L, Alvarez L, Capani F, Barreto GE. Novel interactions of GRP78: UPR and estrogen responses in the brain. Cell Biol Int 2013; 37:521-32. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fidel Avila
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica; Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Ricardo Cabezas
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica; Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Daniel Torrente
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica; Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Janneth Gonzalez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica; Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Ludis Morales
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica; Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Lisandro Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Citoarquitectura y Plasticidad Neuronal, Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas Prof. Dr. Alberto C. Taquini (ININCA), Facultad de Medicina, UBA-CONICET; Marcelo T. de Alvear 2270, C1122AAJ Buenos Aires; Argentina
| | - Francisco Capani
- Laboratorio de Citoarquitectura y Plasticidad Neuronal, Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas Prof. Dr. Alberto C. Taquini (ININCA), Facultad de Medicina, UBA-CONICET; Marcelo T. de Alvear 2270, C1122AAJ Buenos Aires; Argentina
| | - George E. Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica; Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; Bogotá D.C., Colombia
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Hrabakova R, Kollareddy M, Tyleckova J, Halada P, Hajduch M, Gadher SJ, Kovarova H. Cancer cell resistance to aurora kinase inhibitors: identification of novel targets for cancer therapy. J Proteome Res 2012; 12:455-69. [PMID: 23151231 DOI: 10.1021/pr300819m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance is the major obstacle to successful cancer therapy. Our study focuses on resistance to Aurora kinase inhibitors tested as anti-cancer drugs in clinical trials. We have used 2D electrophoresis in the pH ranges of 4-7 and 6-11 followed by protein identification using MALDI-TOF/TOF to compare the protein composition of HCT116 colon cancer cells either sensitive to CYC116 and ZM447439 inhibitors or resistant toward these drugs. The analysis also included p53(+/+) and p53(-/-) phenotypes of HCT116 cells. Our findings demonstrate that platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase and GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran contribute to the development of resistance to ZM447439 only where resistance is related to p53. On the other hand, serine hydroxymethyltransferase was found to promote the tumor growth in cells resistant to CYC116 without the influence of p53. Computer modeling of interaction networks highlighted a direct link of the p53-independent mechanism of resistance to CYC116 with autophagy. Importantly, serine hydroxymethyltransferase, serpin B5, and calretinin represent the target proteins that may help overcome resistance in combination therapies. In addition, serpin B5 and calretinin appear to be candidate biomarkers that may be accessible in patients for monitoring of cancer therapy with ease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Hrabakova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, AS CR, vvi, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Germ Cells, Rumburska 89, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic
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Hardy B, Raiter A, Yakimov M, Vilkin A, Niv Y. Colon cancer cells expressing cell surface GRP78 as a marker for reduced tumorigenicity. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2012; 35:345-54. [PMID: 22945507 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-012-0094-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glucose regulated heat shock protein 78 (GRP78) is a central regulator of ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress due to its pro-survival property. Up regulated GRP78 expression in tumor cells has been correlated with aggressive malignancies whereas some reports have predicted an improved prognosis. Over-expression of GRP78 in the ER promotes its localization to the cell surface on several cell types including tumor cells. METHODS In order to elucidate whether GRP78 receptor positive and negative tumor cells manifest different properties in colorectal cancer, we first artificially separated GRP78 positive and negative sub-populations from HM7 and HCT116 cell lines using anti GRP78 antibody coated magnetic beads. RESULTS Only GRP78 negative cells were highly proliferative, induced significant growth in tumor size in nude mice and metastasized to the liver in a human metastatic colorectal carcinoma model in mice. In contrast, GRP78 positive cells manifested reduced proliferation, colony formation, tumor growth and liver metastases. The reduced tumorigenicity of GRP78 positive subpopulation was abrogated by silencing GRP78 expression using siRNA oligomers. In our efforts to induce cell surface GRP78, we subjected the cells to doxorubicin and taxol that increased significantly the percent of GRP78 positive population. Cells pre-incubated with doxorubicin exhibited reduced proliferation and tumor growth in mice. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the significance of cell surface GRP78 in colon cancer, which may be used as a marker for reduced tumorigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Hardy
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel-Aviv University Sackler School of Medicine, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, 49100, Israel.
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