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Ou K, Zhang S, Lei X, Liu X, Zhang N, Wang C, Yuan X. Prenatal exposure to environmentally relevant levels of PAHs inhibits spermatogenesis in adult mice and the mechanism involved. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 362:124914. [PMID: 39245200 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of contaminants that cannot be banned. Exposure to PAHs has been reported to alter spermatogenesis in mammals, but little is known about prenatal exposure to a mixture of PAHs on the reproductive toxicity of adult offspring. In this study, we investigated the associations between prenatal exposure to environmentally relevant levels of PAHs in mice and testicular dysfunction, including impaired spermatogenesis and steroid hormone dysfunction in male offspring on postnatal day 180. The percentage of testicular apoptotic cells was significantly increased, which was further verified by the up-regulated BAX protein. The expression of Ar and the Leydig cell marker Cyp11a1 was down-regulated, suggesting an impairment in the synthesis of steroid hormones. DNA hypermethylation of the Tnp1 and Sohlh2 promoters suppresses transcriptional expression, consequently altering the sperm production process. This study shows that prenatal exposure to PAHs may induce long-term reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunlin Ou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China; State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China; National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518112, China
| | - Xinxing Lei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Ningfang Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Chonggang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Xiaopeng Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China.
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2
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Li Z, Liang S, Ke L, Wang M, Gao K, Li D, Xu Z, Li N, Zhang P, Cheng W. Cell life-or-death events in osteoporosis: All roads lead to mitochondrial dynamics. Pharmacol Res 2024; 208:107383. [PMID: 39214266 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria exhibit heterogeneous shapes and networks within and among cell types and tissues, also in normal or osteoporotic bone tissues with complex cell types. This dynamic characteristic is determined by the high plasticity provided by mitochondrial dynamics and is stemmed from responding to the survival and functional requirements of various bone cells in a specific microenvironments. In contrast, mitochondrial dysfunction, induced by dysregulation of mitochondrial dynamics, may act as a trigger of cell death signals, including common apoptosis and other forms of programmed cell death (PCD). These PCD processes consisting of tightly structured cascade gene expression events, can further influence the bone remodeling by facilitating the death of various bone cells. Mitochondrial dynamics, therefore, drive the bone cells to stand at the crossroads of life and death by integrating external signals and altering metabolism, shape, and signal-response properties of mitochondria. This implies that targeting mitochondrial dynamics displays significant potential in treatment of osteoporosis. Considerable effort has been made in osteoporosis to emphasize the parallel roles of mitochondria in regulating energy metabolism, calcium signal transduction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death. However, the emerging field of mitochondrial dynamics-related PCD is not well understood. Herein, to bridge the gap, we outline the latest knowledge on mitochondrial dynamics regulating bone cell life or death during normal bone remodeling and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Li
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China; Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Songlin Liang
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China; Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Liqing Ke
- Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Mengjie Wang
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Kuanhui Gao
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Dandan Li
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Zhanwang Xu
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China; Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Nianhu Li
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China; Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, 518000, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518000, China; Shandong Zhongke Advanced Technology Co., Ltd., Jinan, 250300, China.
| | - Wenxiang Cheng
- Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Zhang Q, Pan RL, Wang H, Wang JJ, Lu SH, Zhang M. Nanoporous Titanium Implant Surface Accelerates Osteogenesis via the Piezo1/Acetyl-CoA/β-Catenin Pathway. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:8257-8267. [PMID: 38920296 PMCID: PMC11247543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Osseointegration is the most important factor determining implant success. The surface modification of TiO2 nanotubes prepared by anodic oxidation has remarkable advantages in promoting bone formation. However, the mechanism behind this phenomenon is still unintelligible. Here we show that the nanomorphology exhibited open and clean nanotube structure and strong hydrophilicity, and the nanomorphology significantly facilitated the adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenesis differentiation of stem cells. Exploring the mechanism, we found that the nanomorphology can enhance mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) by activating Piezo1 and increasing intracellular Ca2+. The increase in OxPhos can significantly uplift the level of acetyl-CoA in the cytoplasm but not significantly raise the level of acetyl-CoA in the nucleus, which was beneficial for the acetylation and stability of β-catenin and ultimately promoted osteogenesis. This study provides a new interpretation for the regulatory mechanism of stem cell osteogenesis by nanomorphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration
& National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi
International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department
of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Run-Long Pan
- State
Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration
& National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi
International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department
of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration
& National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi
International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department
of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Jun-Jun Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration
& National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi
International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department
of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Song-He Lu
- Scientific
Research Department, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration
& National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi
International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department
of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
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4
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Shi Y, Kang Q, Zhou H, Yue X, Bi Y, Luo Q. Aberrant LETM1 elevation dysregulates mitochondrial functions and energy metabolism and promotes lung metastasis in osteosarcoma. Genes Dis 2024; 11:100988. [PMID: 38292199 PMCID: PMC10825238 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a differentiation-deficient disease, and despite the unique advantages and great potential of differentiation therapy, there are only a few known differentiation inducers, and little research has been done on their targets. Cell differentiation is associated with an increase in mitochondrial content and activity. The metabolism of some tumor cells is characterized by impaired oxidative phosphorylation, as well as up-regulation of aerobic glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathways. Leucine-containing zipper and EF-hand transmembrane protein 1 (LETM1) is involved in the maintenance of mitochondrial morphology and is closely associated with tumorigenesis and progression, as well as cancer cell stemness. We found that MG63 and 143B osteosarcoma cells overexpress LETM1 and exhibit abnormalities in mitochondrial structure and function. Knockdown of LETM1 partially restored the mitochondrial structure and function, inhibited the pentose phosphate pathway, promoted oxidative phosphorylation, and led to osteogenic differentiation. It also inhibited spheroid cell formation, proliferation, migration, and invasion in an in vitro model. When LETM1 was knocked down in vivo, there was reduced tumor formation and lung metastasis. These data suggest that mitochondria are aberrant in LETM1-overexpressing osteosarcoma cells, and knockdown of LETM1 partially restores the mitochondrial structure and function, inhibits the pentose phosphate pathway, promotes oxidative phosphorylation, and increases osteogenic differentiation, thereby reducing malignant biological behavior of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulu Shi
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, The Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Quan Kang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, The Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Xiaohan Yue
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, The Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Yang Bi
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, The Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, The Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
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5
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Matrella ML, Valletti A, Gigante I, De Rasmo D, Signorile A, Russo S, Lobasso S, Lobraico D, Dibattista M, Pacelli C, Cocco T. High OXPHOS efficiency in RA-FUdr-differentiated SH-SY5Y cells: involvement of cAMP signalling and respiratory supercomplexes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7411. [PMID: 38548913 PMCID: PMC10978939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57613-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurons are highly dependent on mitochondria to meet their bioenergetic needs and understanding the metabolic changes during the differentiation process is crucial in the neurodegeneration context. Several in vitro approaches have been developed to study neuronal differentiation and bioenergetic changes. The human SH-SY5Y cell line is a widely used cellular model and several differentiation protocols have been developed to induce a neuron-like phenotype including retinoic acid (RA) treatment. In this work we obtained a homogeneous functional population of neuron-like cells by a two-step differentiation protocol in which SH-SY5Y cells were treated with RA plus the mitotic inhibitor 2-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (FUdr). RA-FUdr treatment induced a neuronal phenotype characterized by increased expression of neuronal markers and electrical properties specific to excitable cells. In addition, the RA-FUdr differentiated cells showed an enrichment of long chain and unsaturated fatty acids (FA) in the acyl chain composition of cardiolipin (CL) and the bioenergetic analysis evidences a high coupled and maximal respiration associated with high mitochondrial ATP levels. Our results suggest that the observed high oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity may be related to the activation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pathway and the assembly of respiratory supercomplexes (SCs), highlighting the change in mitochondrial phenotype during neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Matrella
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessio Valletti
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
- MASMEC Biomed S.p.A, 70026, Modugno, Italy
| | - Isabella Gigante
- National Institute of Gastroenterology- IRCCS "Saverio De Bellis", Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico De Rasmo
- Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, CNR-Institute of Biomembranes, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Signorile
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Russo
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Simona Lobasso
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Donatella Lobraico
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Dibattista
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Consiglia Pacelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Cocco
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy.
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6
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Zhang T, Wang L, Duan X, Niu Y, Li M, Yun L, Sun H, Ma Y, Guo Y. Sirtuins mediate mitochondrial quality control mechanisms: a novel therapeutic target for osteoporosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1281213. [PMID: 38264287 PMCID: PMC10805026 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1281213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria plays a role in cell differentiation and apoptosis processes. Maintaining mitochondrial function is critical, and this involves various aspects of mitochondrial quality control such as protein homeostasis, biogenesis, dynamics, and mitophagy. Osteoporosis, a metabolic bone disorder, primarily arises from two factors: the dysregulation between lipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of aging bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and the imbalance between osteoblast-mediated bone formation and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Mitochondrial quality control has the potential to mitigate or even reverse the effects. Among the Sirtuin family, consisting of seven Sirtuins (SIRT1-7), SIRT1-SIRT6 play a crucial role in maintaining mitochondrial quality control. Additionally, SIRT1, SIRT3, SIRT6, and SIRT7 are directly involved in normal bone development and homeostasis by modulating bone cells. However, the precise mechanism by which these Sirtuins exert their effects remains unclear. This article reviews the impact of various aspects of mitochondrial quality control on osteoporosis, focusing on how SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT6 can improve osteoporosis by regulating mitochondrial protein homeostasis, biogenesis, and mitophagy. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the current state of clinical and preclinical drugs that can activate Sirtuins to improve osteoporosis. Specific Sirtuin-activating compounds are effective, but further studies are needed. The findings of this study may offer valuable insights for future research on osteoporosis and the development of clinical prevention and therapeutic target strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchi Zhang
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lining Wang
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiping Duan
- Acupuncture Anesthesia Clinical Research Institute, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Niu
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Muzhe Li
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Yun
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- Department of Orthopedic, Wuxi Huishan District People’s Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Ma
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Yu C, Sautchuk R, Martinez J, Eliseev RA. Mitochondrial permeability transition regulator, cyclophilin D, is transcriptionally activated by C/EBP during adipogenesis. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105458. [PMID: 37949231 PMCID: PMC10716586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related bone loss is associated with decreased bone formation, increased bone resorption, and accumulation of bone marrow fat. During aging, differentiation potential of bone marrow stromal (a.k.a. mesenchymal stem) cells (BMSCs) is shifted toward an adipogenic lineage and away from an osteogenic lineage. In aged bone tissue, we previously observed pathological opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) which leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative phosphorylation uncoupling, and cell death. Cyclophilin D (CypD) is a mitochondrial protein that facilitates opening of the MPTP. We found earlier that CypD is downregulated during osteogenesis of BMSCs leading to lower MPTP activity and, thus, protecting mitochondria from dysfunction. However, during adipogenesis, a fate alternative to osteogenesis, the regulation of mitochondrial function and CypD expression is still unclear. In this study, we observed that BMSCs have increased CypD expression and MPTP activity, activated glycolysis, and fragmented mitochondrial network during adipogenesis. Adipogenic C/EBPα acts as a transcriptional activator of expression of the CypD gene, Ppif, during this process. Inflammation-associated transcription factor NF-κB shows a synergistic effect with C/EBPα inducing Ppif expression. Overall, we demonstrated changes in mitochondrial morphology and function during adipogenesis. We also identified C/EBPα as a transcriptional activator of CypD. The synergistic activation of CypD by C/EBPα and the NF-κB p65 subunit during this process suggests a potential link between adipogenic signaling, inflammation, and MPTP gain-of-function, thus altering BMSC fate during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yu
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Rubens Sautchuk
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - John Martinez
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Roman A Eliseev
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA.
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8
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Chen W, Zhao H, Li Y. Mitochondrial dynamics in health and disease: mechanisms and potential targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:333. [PMID: 37669960 PMCID: PMC10480456 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01547-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles that are able to adjust and respond to different stressors and metabolic needs within a cell, showcasing their plasticity and dynamic nature. These abilities allow them to effectively coordinate various cellular functions. Mitochondrial dynamics refers to the changing process of fission, fusion, mitophagy and transport, which is crucial for optimal function in signal transduction and metabolism. An imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics can disrupt mitochondrial function, leading to abnormal cellular fate, and a range of diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases and cancers. Herein, we review the mechanism of mitochondrial dynamics, and its impacts on cellular function. We also delve into the changes that occur in mitochondrial dynamics during health and disease, and offer novel perspectives on how to target the modulation of mitochondrial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Huakan Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China.
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9
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Hubalek S, Melke J, Pawlica P, Post MJ, Moutsatsou P. Non-ammoniagenic proliferation and differentiation media for cultivated adipose tissue. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1202165. [PMID: 37555077 PMCID: PMC10405928 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1202165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ammonia (Amm), and its aqueous solved state, ammonium, which is produced from glutamine (Gln) metabolism, is a known inhibitor of stem cell proliferation in vitro. In the context of cultivated beef, primary bovine fibro-adipogenic progenitor cells (FAPs) need to be grown and differentiated for several weeks in vitro for the production of cultivated fat. In this study, the ammonium sensitivity of these cells was investigated by introducing ammonium chloride, which was found to inhibit their proliferation when above 5 mM and their adipogenic differentiation when above 2 mM. Novel serum-free proliferation and differentiation media were hence developed with the aim to suppress Amm production during expansion and adipogenesis. Glutamine substitutes, such as a-ketoglutarate (aKG), glutamate (Glt) and pyruvate (Pyr) were investigated. It was found that aKG based proliferation medium (PM) was the most effective in promoting and maintaining FAPs growth over several passages while the specific Amm production rate was reduced more than 5-fold. In terms of differentiation capacity, the substitution of glucose (Gluc) and Gln with galactose (Gal) and Pyr was shown to be the most effective in promoting FAPs differentiation into mature adipocytes, resulting in over 2-fold increase of fat volume per cell, while suppressing Amm production. Our findings suggest that FAPs do not require Gln as an essential nutrient but, on the contrary, possess all the necessary metabolic pathways to proliferate and subsequently differentiate in a Gln-free medium, resulting in decreased Amm production rates and seemingly synthesising glutamine de novo. These findings are important for prolonging the lifespan of culture medium, allowing for reduced costs and process interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Hubalek
- Mosa Meat BV, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- CARIM, School of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - J. Melke
- Mosa Meat BV, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - M. J. Post
- Mosa Meat BV, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- CARIM, School of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - P. Moutsatsou
- Mosa Meat BV, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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10
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Lippi M, Maione AS, Chiesa M, Perrucci GL, Iengo L, Sattin T, Cencioni C, Savoia M, Zeiher AM, Tundo F, Tondo C, Pompilio G, Sommariva E. Omics Analyses of Stromal Cells from ACM Patients Reveal Alterations in Chromatin Organization and Mitochondrial Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10017. [PMID: 37373166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a genetic disorder characterized by ventricular arrhythmias, contractile dysfunctions and fibro-adipose replacement of myocardium. Cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells (CMSCs) participate in disease pathogenesis by differentiating towards adipocytes and myofibroblasts. Some altered pathways in ACM are known, but many are yet to be discovered. We aimed to enrich the understanding of ACM pathogenesis by comparing epigenetic and gene expression profiles of ACM-CMSCs with healthy control (HC)-CMSCs. Methylome analysis identified 74 differentially methylated nucleotides, most of them located on the mitochondrial genome. Transcriptome analysis revealed 327 genes that were more expressed and 202 genes that were less expressed in ACM- vs. HC-CMSCs. Among these, genes implicated in mitochondrial respiration and in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition were more expressed, and cell cycle genes were less expressed in ACM- vs. HC-CMSCs. Through enrichment and gene network analyses, we identified differentially regulated pathways, some of which never associated with ACM, including mitochondrial functioning and chromatin organization, both in line with methylome results. Functional validations confirmed that ACM-CMSCs exhibited higher amounts of active mitochondria and ROS production, a lower proliferation rate and a more pronounced epicardial-to-mesenchymal transition compared to the controls. In conclusion, ACM-CMSC-omics revealed some additional altered molecular pathways, relevant in disease pathogenesis, which may constitute novel targets for specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Lippi
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Serena Maione
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Chiesa
- Bioinformatics and Artificial Intelligence Facility, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
- Department of Electronics, Information and Biomedical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lorenzo Perrucci
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Lara Iengo
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso Sattin
- Department of Arrhythmology and Electrophysiology, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Cencioni
- Istituto di Analisi dei Sistemi ed Informatica "A. Ruberti", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IASI-CNR), 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Savoia
- Department of Medicine III, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas M Zeiher
- Department of Medicine III, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Fabrizio Tundo
- Heart Rhythm Center, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Tondo
- Heart Rhythm Center, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Sommariva
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
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11
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Chen M, Kim S, Li L, Chattopadhyay S, Rando TA, Feldman BJ. Identification of an adipose tissue-resident pro-preadipocyte population. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112440. [PMID: 37119138 PMCID: PMC10370484 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the transitional stages that define the pathway stem cells progress through during differentiation advances our understanding of biology and fosters the identification of therapeutic opportunities. However, distinguishing progenitor cells from other cell types and placing them in an epistatic pathway is challenging. This is exemplified in the adipocyte lineage, where the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) from adipose tissue is enriched for progenitor cells but also contains heterogeneous populations of cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has begun to facilitate the deconvolution of cell types in the SVF, and a hierarchical structure is emerging. Here, we use scRNA-seq to discover a population of CD31- CD45- cells in the SVF that are distinguished by a specific expression profile. Further, we place this population on an epistatic pathway upstream of the previously defined preadipocyte population. Finally, we discover functional properties of this population with broad implications, including revealing physiological mechanisms that regulate adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Soochi Kim
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sourav Chattopadhyay
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Thomas A Rando
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Brian J Feldman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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12
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Ikeda N, Ishii M, Miyata H, Nishi Y, Suehiro F, Komabashiri N, Sakurai T, Nishimura M. Role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the regulation of adipogenic differentiation of human maxillary/mandibular bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Mol Biol Rep 2023:10.1007/s11033-023-08528-9. [PMID: 37217615 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08528-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maxillary/mandibular bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MBMSCs) exhibit a unique property of lower adipogenic potential than other bone marrow-derived MSCs. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating the adipogenesis of MBMSCs remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the roles of mitochondrial function and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in regulating the adipogenesis of MBMSCs. METHODS AND RESULTS MBMSCs exhibited significantly lower lipid droplet formation than iliac BMSCs (IBMSCs). Moreover, the expression levels of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ), C/EBPδ, and early B cell factor 1 (Ebf-1), which are early adipogenic transcription factors, and those of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and C/EBPα, which are late adipogenic transcription factors, were downregulated in MBMSCs compared to those in IBMSCs. Adipogenic induction increased the mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial biogenesis in MBMSCs and IBMSCs, with no significant difference between the two cell types; however, intracellular ROS production was significantly enhanced only in IBMSCs. Furthermore, NAD(P)H oxidase 4 (NOX4) expression was significantly lower in MBMSCs than in IBMSCs. Increased ROS production in MBMSCs by NOX4 overexpression or treatment with menadione promoted the expression of early adipogenic transcription factors but did not induce that of late adipogenic transcription factors or lipid droplet accumulation. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that ROS may be partially involved in the process of MBMSC adipogenic differentiation from undifferentiated cells to immature adipocytes. This study provides important insights into the tissue-specific properties of MBMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Ikeda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Masakazu Ishii
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Haruka Miyata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nishi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Fumio Suehiro
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Naohiro Komabashiri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sakurai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishimura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
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13
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Ahmad Hairi H, Jayusman PA, Shuid AN. Revisiting Resveratrol as an Osteoprotective Agent: Molecular Evidence from In Vivo and In Vitro Studies. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1453. [PMID: 37239124 PMCID: PMC10216404 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) is a stilbene found in abundance in berry fruits, peanuts, and some medicinal plants. It has a diverse range of pharmacological activities, underlining the significance of illness prevention and health promotion. The purpose of this review was to delve deeper into RSV's bone-protective properties as well as its molecular mechanisms. Several in vivo studies have found the bone-protective effects of RSV in postmenopausal, senile, and disuse osteoporosis rat models. RSV has been shown to inhibit NF-κB and RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis, oxidative stress, and inflammation while increasing osteogenesis and boosting differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblasts. Wnt/β-catenin, MAPKs/JNK/ERK, PI3K/AKT, FoxOs, microRNAs, and BMP2 are among the possible kinases and proteins involved in the underlying mechanisms. RSV has also been shown to be the most potent SIRT1 activator to cause stimulatory effects on osteoblasts and inhibitory effects on osteoclasts. RSV may, thus, represent a novel therapeutic strategy for increasing bone growth and reducing bone loss in the elderly and postmenopausal population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haryati Ahmad Hairi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Manipal University College Malaysia, Jalan Batu Hampar, Bukit Baru, Melaka 75150, Malaysia;
| | - Putri Ayu Jayusman
- Department of Craniofacial Diagnostics and Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Ahmad Nazrun Shuid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UITM), Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh 47000, Malaysia
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14
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Feng Z, Jin M, Liang J, Kang J, Yang H, Guo S, Sun X. Insight into the effect of biomaterials on osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells: A review from a mitochondrial perspective. Acta Biomater 2023; 164:1-14. [PMID: 36972808 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Bone damage may be triggered by a variety of factors, and the damaged area often requires a bone graft. Bone tissue engineering can serve as an alternative strategy for repairing large bone defects. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the progenitor cells of connective tissue, have become an important tool for tissue engineering due to their ability to differentiate into a variety of cell types. The precise regulation of the growth and differentiation of the stem cells used for bone regeneration significantly affects the efficiency of this type of tissue engineering. During the process of osteogenic induction, the dynamics and function of localized mitochondria are altered. These changes may also alter the microenvironment of the therapeutic stem cells and result in mitochondria transfer. Mitochondrial regulation not only affects the induction/rate of differentiation, but also influences its direction, determining the final identity of the differentiated cell. To date, bone tissue engineering research has mainly focused on the influence of biomaterials on phenotype and nuclear genotype, with few studies investigating the role of mitochondria. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of researches into the role of mitochondria in MSCs differentiation and critical analysis regarding smart biomaterials that are able to "programme" mitochondria modulation was proposed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: : • This review proposed the precise regulation of the growth and differentiation of the stem cells used to seed bone regeneration. • This review addressed the dynamics and function of localized mitochondria during the process of osteogenic induction and the effect of mitochondria on the microenvironment of stem cells. • This review summarized biomaterials which affect the induction/rate of differentiation, but also influences its direction, determining the final identity of the differentiated cell through the regulation of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Feng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110002 Liaoning Province, China
| | - Meiqi Jin
- School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Junzhi Liang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping, Shenyang, 110004 Liaoning Province, China
| | - Junning Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping, Shenyang, 110004 Liaoning Province, China
| | - Huazhe Yang
- School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Shu Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110002 Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Xiaoting Sun
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, China.
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15
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Ma S, Ding R, Cao J, Liu Z, Li A, Pei D. Mitochondria transfer reverses the inhibitory effects of low stiffness on osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151297. [PMID: 36791653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Microenvironment biophysical factors such as matrix stiffness can noticeably affect the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this mechanobiology transduction process, mitochondria are shown to be an active participant. The present study aims to systematically elucidate the phenotypic and functional changes of mitochondria during the stiffness-mediated osteogenic differentiation. Additionally, the effect of mitochondria transfer on the osteogenesis of impaired MSCs caused by stiffness was investigated. Human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) were used as model cells in the current study. Low stiffness restrained the cell spreading and significantly inhibited the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. Mitochondria of PDLSCs cultured on low stiffness exhibited shorter length, rounded shape, fusion/fission imbalance, ROS and mitophagy level increase, and ATP production reduction. The inhibited mitochondria function and osteogenic differentiation capacity were recovered to near-normal levels after transferring the mitochondria of PDLSCs cultured on the high stiffness. This study indicated that low matrix stiffness altered the mitochondrial morphology and induced systematical mitochondrial dysfunction during the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Mitochondria transfer was proved to be a feasible technique for maintaining MSCs function in vitro by reversing the osteogenesis ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhongbo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ang Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Dandan Pei
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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16
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Sun H, Zheng M, Liu J, Fan W, He H, Huang F. Melatonin promoted osteogenesis of human periodontal ligament cells by regulating mitochondrial functions through the translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane 20. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:53-69. [PMID: 36373245 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Melatonin plays an important role in various beneficial functions, including promoting differentiation. However, effects on osteogenic differentiation, especially in human periodontal cells (hPDLCs), still remain inconclusive. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that play an important role in various biological processes in cells, including energy metabolism and oxidative stress reaction. Furthermore, the translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane 20 (TOM20) is responsible for recognizing and transporting precursor proteins. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the functionality of melatonin on osteogenesis in human periodontal cells and to explore the involved mechanism of mitochondria. METHODS The hPDLCs were extracted and identified by flow cytometry and multilineage differentiation. We divided hPDLCs into control group, osteogenic induction group, and osteogenesis with melatonin treatment group (100, 10, and 1 μM). Then we used a specific siRNA to achieve interference of TOM20. Alizarin red and Alkaline phosphatase staining and activity assays were performed to evaluate osteogenic differentiation. Osteogenesis-related genes and proteins were measured by qPCR and western blot. Mitochondrial functions were tested using ATP, NAD+/NADH, JC-1, and Seahorse Mito Stress Test kits. Finally, TOM20 and mitochondrial dynamics-related molecules expression were also assessed by qPCR and western blot. RESULTS Our results showed that melatonin-treated hPDLCs had higher calcification and ALP activity as well as upregulated OCN and Runx2 expression at mRNA and protein levels, which was the most obvious in 1 μM melatonin-treated group. Meanwhile, melatonin supplement elevated intracellular ATP production and mitochondrial membrane potential by increasing mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, hence causing a lower NAD+ /NADH ratio. In addition, we also found that melatonin treatment raised TOM20 level and osteogenesis and mitochondrial functions were both suppressed after knocking down TOM20. CONCLUSION We found that melatonin promoted osteogenesis of hPDLCs and 1 μM melatonin had the most remarkable effect. Melatonin treatment can reinforce mitochondrial functions by upregulating TOM20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyun Sun
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Zheng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwen He
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Yu BF, Wang Z, Chen XX, Zeng Q, Dai CC, Wei J. Continuous dynamic identification of key genes and molecular signaling pathways of periosteum in guided bone self-generation in swine model. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:53. [PMID: 36653843 PMCID: PMC9847205 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03524-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guided bone self-generation with periosteum-preserved has successfully regenerated mandibular, temporomandibular and interphalangeal joint. The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamic changes of gene expression of periosteum which was involved in the guided bone self-generation. METHODS Rib defects of critical size were created in mature swine with periosteum-preserved. The periosteum was sutured into a sealed sheath that closed the bone defect. The periosteum of trauma and control sites were harvested at postoperative 9 time points, and total RNA was extracted. Microarray analysis was conducted to identify the differences in the transcriptome of different time points between two groups. RESULTS The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between control and trauma group were different at postoperative different time points. The dynamic changes of the number of DEGs fluctuated a lot. There were 3 volatility peaks, and we chose 3 time points of DEG number peak (1 week, 5 weeks and 6 months) to study the functions of DEGs. Oxidoreductase activity, oxidation-reduction process and mitochondrion are the most enriched terms of Go analysis. The major signaling pathways of DEGs enrichment include oxidative phosphorylation, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, osteoclast differentiation pathway and Wnt signaling. CONCLUSIONS The oxidoreductase reaction was activated during this bone regeneration process. The oxidative phosphorylation, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, osteoclast differentiation pathway and Wnt signaling may play important roles in the guided bone self-generation with periosteum-preserved. This study can provide a reference for how to improve the application of this concept of bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Fu Yu
- grid.412523.30000 0004 0386 9086Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Zi Wang
- grid.412523.30000 0004 0386 9086Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Xiao-Xue Chen
- grid.412523.30000 0004 0386 9086Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Qi Zeng
- grid.415002.20000 0004 1757 8108Department of Plastic Surgery, Jiangxi Province People’s Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Chuan-Chang Dai
- grid.412523.30000 0004 0386 9086Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Jiao Wei
- grid.412523.30000 0004 0386 9086Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011 China
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18
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Advances in Human Mitochondria-Based Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010608. [PMID: 36614050 PMCID: PMC9820658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the key biological generators of eukaryotic cells, controlling the energy supply while providing many important biosynthetic intermediates. Mitochondria act as a dynamic, functionally and structurally interconnected network hub closely integrated with other cellular compartments via biomembrane systems, transmitting biological information by shuttling between cells and tissues. Defects and dysregulation of mitochondrial functions are critically involved in pathological mechanisms contributing to aging, cancer, inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, and other severe human diseases. Mediating and rejuvenating the mitochondria may therefore be of significant benefit to prevent, reverse, and even treat such pathological conditions in patients. The goal of this review is to present the most advanced strategies using mitochondria to manage such disorders and to further explore innovative approaches in the field of human mitochondria-based therapies.
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19
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Zhu M, Fan Z. The role of the Wnt signalling pathway in the energy metabolism of bone remodelling. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13309. [PMID: 35811348 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bone remodelling is necessary to repair old and impaired bone caused by aging and its effects. Injury in the process of bone remodelling generally leads to the development of various bone diseases. Energy metabolism plays crucial roles in bone cell formation and function, the disorder of which will disrupt the balance between bone formation and bone resorption. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, we review the intrinsic interactions between bone remodelling and energy metabolism and the role of the Wnt signalling pathway. RESULTS We found a close interplay between metabolic pathways and bone homeostasis, demonstrating that bone plays an important role in the regulation of energy balance. We also discovered that Wnt signalling is associated with multiple biological processes regulating energy metabolism in bone cells. CONCLUSIONS Thus, targeted regulation of Wnt signalling and the recovery of the energy metabolism function of bone cells are key means for the treatment of metabolic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Tooth Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Tooth Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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20
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IRX5 promotes adipogenesis of hMSCs by repressing glycolysis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:204. [PMID: 35428362 PMCID: PMC9012830 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00986-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIroquois homeobox transcription factor 5 (IRX5) plays a pivotal role in extramedullary adipogenesis, but little is known about the effects of IRX5 on adipogenesis of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of IRX5 on hMSCs adipogenesis. By means of qPCR analysis, we determined that IRX5 expression was elevated during adipogenic commitment of hMSCs. The biologic role of IRX5 was further investigated by employing a gain/loss-of-function strategy using an in vitro lentivirus-based system. IRX5 overexpression promoted adipogenesis whereas IRX5 knockdown reduced the adipogenic phenotype. RNA-seq and metabolomics revealed that IRX5 overexpression repressed glycolysis. Dual-luciferase assay results showed that IRX5 overexpression transcriptionally activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC-1α). Metformin and PGC-1α inhibitor reversed IRX5-induced adipogenesis and glycolytic inhibition. Collectively, IRX5 facilitates adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs by transcriptionally regulating PGC-1α and inhibiting glycolysis, revealing a potential target to control bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) fate decision and bone homeostasis.
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21
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Zhao C, Hu B, Liao Z, Wei H, Zhao Y, Liang J, Luo W, Nie Q, Luo Q, Zhang D, Zhang X, Li H. Growth Hormone Receptor Controls Adipogenic Differentiation of Chicken Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Affecting Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Mitochondrial Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:827623. [PMID: 35350383 PMCID: PMC8957923 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.827623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone receptor (GHR) can activate several signaling pathways after binding to growth hormone (GH) to regulate cell growth and development. Sex-linked dwarf (SLD) chickens, normal protein functions are prevented because of exon mutations in the GHR gene, have more severe fat deposition. However, the specific molecular mechanisms responsible for this phenotype remains unclear. We therefore investigated the effect of the GHR gene on adipogenic differentiation of chicken bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). We found that bone marrow fat deposition was more severe in SLD chickens compared to normal chickens, and the expression of genes related to adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in SLD chicken BMSCs. We also detected enhanced mitochondrial function of BMSCs in SLD chickens. In vitro, overexpression of GHR in chicken BMSCs increased mitochondrial membrane potential but decreased reactive oxygen and ATP contents, oxidative phosphorylation complex enzyme activity, and mitochondrial number. Expression of genes associated with mitochondrial biogenesis and function was repressed during adipogenic differentiation in chicken BMSCs, the adipogenic differentiation capacity of chicken BMSCs was also repressed. With knockdown of GHR, opposite results were observed. We concluded that GHR inhibited adipogenic differentiation of chicken BMSCs by suppressing mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changbin Zhao
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bowen Hu
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiying Liao
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haohui Wei
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongxia Zhao
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinping Liang
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Luo
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Nie
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingbin Luo
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dexiang Zhang
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Velarde F, Ezquerra S, Delbruyere X, Caicedo A, Hidalgo Y, Khoury M. Mesenchymal stem cell-mediated transfer of mitochondria: mechanisms and functional impact. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:177. [PMID: 35247083 PMCID: PMC11073024 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04207-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is a steadily growing interest in the use of mitochondria as therapeutic agents. The use of mitochondria derived from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) for therapeutic purposes represents an innovative approach to treat many diseases (immune deregulation, inflammation-related disorders, wound healing, ischemic events, and aging) with an increasing amount of promising evidence, ranging from preclinical to clinical research. Furthermore, the eventual reversal, induced by the intercellular mitochondrial transfer, of the metabolic and pro-inflammatory profile, opens new avenues to the understanding of diseases' etiology, their relation to both systemic and local risk factors, and also leads to new therapeutic tools for the control of inflammatory and degenerative diseases. To this end, we illustrate in this review, the triggers and mechanisms behind the transfer of mitochondria employed by MSCs and the underlying benefits as well as the possible adverse effects of MSCs mitochondrial exchange. We relay the rationale and opportunities for the use of these organelles in the clinic as cell-based product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Velarde
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Cells for Cells and REGENERO, The Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sarah Ezquerra
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Cells for Cells and REGENERO, The Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile
| | - Xavier Delbruyere
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Cells for Cells and REGENERO, The Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andres Caicedo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, Quito, Ecuador
- Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
- Sistemas Médicos SIME, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Yessia Hidalgo
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile.
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
- Cells for Cells and REGENERO, The Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Maroun Khoury
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile.
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
- Cells for Cells and REGENERO, The Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile.
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23
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Ning K, Liu S, Yang B, Wang R, Man G, Wang DE, Xu H. Update on the Effects of Energy Metabolism in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiation. Mol Metab 2022; 58:101450. [PMID: 35121170 PMCID: PMC8888956 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As common progenitor cells of osteoblasts and adipocytes, bone marrow mesenchymal (stromal) stem cells (BMSCs) play key roles in bone homeostasis, tissue regeneration, and global energy homeostasis; however, the intrinsic mechanism of BMSC differentiation is not well understood. Plasticity in energy metabolism allows BMSCs to match the divergent demands of osteo-adipogenic differentiation. Targeting BMSC metabolic pathways may provide a novel therapeutic perspective for BMSC differentiation unbalance related diseases. Scope of review This review covers the recent studies of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids metabolism fuel the BMSC differentiation. We also discuss recent findings about energy metabolism in BMSC differentiation. Major conclusions Glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids metabolism provide energy to fuel BMSC differentiation. Moreover, some well-known regulators including environmental stress, hormone drugs, and biological and pathological factors may also influence BMSC differentiation by altering metabolism. This offers insight to the significance of metabolism on BMSC fate determination and provides the possibility of treating diseases related to BMSC differentiation, such as obesity and osteoporosis, from a metabolic perspective.
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24
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Urquiza P, Solesio ME. Inorganic Polyphosphate, Mitochondria, and Neurodegeneration. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 61:27-49. [PMID: 35697936 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-01237-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With an aging population, the presence of aging-associated pathologies is expected to increase within the next decades. Regrettably, we still do not have any valid pharmacological or non-pharmacological tools to prevent, revert, or cure these pathologies. The absence of therapeutical approaches against aging-associated pathologies can be at least partially explained by the relatively lack of knowledge that we still have regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying them, as well as by the complexity of their etiopathology. In fact, a complex number of changes in the physiological function of the cell has been described in all these aging-associated pathologies, including neurodegenerative disorders. Based on multiple scientific manuscripts produced by us and others, it seems clear that mitochondria are dysfunctional in many of these aging-associated pathologies. For example, mitochondrial dysfunction is an early event in the etiopathology of all the main neurodegenerative disorders, and it could be a trigger of many of the other deleterious changes which are present at the cellular level in these pathologies. While mitochondria are complex organelles and their regulation is still not yet entirely understood, inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) could play a crucial role in the regulation of some mitochondrial processes, which are dysfunctional in neurodegeneration. PolyP is a well-preserved biopolymer; it has been identified in every organism that has been studied. It is constituted by a series of orthophosphates connected by highly energetic phosphoanhydride bonds, comparable to those found in ATP. The literature suggests that the role of polyP in maintaining mitochondrial physiology might be related, at least partially, to its effects as a key regulator of cellular bioenergetics. However, further research needs to be conducted to fully elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of polyP in the regulation of mitochondrial physiology in aging-associated pathologies, including neurodegenerative disorders. With a significant lack of therapeutic options for the prevention and/or treatment of neurodegeneration, the search for new pharmacological tools against these conditions has been continuous in past decades, even though very few therapeutic approaches have shown potential in treating these pathologies. Therefore, increasing our knowledge about the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of polyP in mitochondrial physiology as well as its metabolism could place this polymer as a promising and innovative pharmacological target not only in neurodegeneration, but also in a wide range of aging-associated pathologies and conditions where mitochondrial dysfunction has been described as a crucial component of its etiopathology, such as diabetes, musculoskeletal disorders, and cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Urquiza
- Department of Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, USA
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25
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Krishna S, Arrojo E Drigo R, Capitanio JS, Ramachandra R, Ellisman M, Hetzer MW. Identification of long-lived proteins in the mitochondria reveals increased stability of the electron transport chain. Dev Cell 2021; 56:2952-2965.e9. [PMID: 34715012 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to combat molecular damage, most cellular proteins undergo rapid turnover. We have previously identified large nuclear protein assemblies that can persist for years in post-mitotic tissues and are subject to age-related decline. Here, we report that mitochondria can be long lived in the mouse brain and reveal that specific mitochondrial proteins have half-lives longer than the average proteome. These mitochondrial long-lived proteins (mitoLLPs) are core components of the electron transport chain (ETC) and display increased longevity in respiratory supercomplexes. We find that COX7C, a mitoLLP that forms a stable contact site between complexes I and IV, is required for complex IV and supercomplex assembly. Remarkably, even upon depletion of COX7C transcripts, ETC function is maintained for days, effectively uncoupling mitochondrial function from ongoing transcription of its mitoLLPs. Our results suggest that modulating protein longevity within the ETC is critical for mitochondrial proteome maintenance and the robustness of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shefali Krishna
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory (MCBL), Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rafael Arrojo E Drigo
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory (MCBL), Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research (NCMIR), University of California, San Diego School of Medicine (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Juliana S Capitanio
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory (MCBL), Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ranjan Ramachandra
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research (NCMIR), University of California, San Diego School of Medicine (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mark Ellisman
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research (NCMIR), University of California, San Diego School of Medicine (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Martin W Hetzer
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory (MCBL), Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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26
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Fiorani M, De Matteis R, Canonico B, Blandino G, Mazzoli A, Montanari M, Guidarelli A, Cantoni O. Temporal correlation of morphological and biochemical changes with the recruitment of different mechanisms of reactive oxygen species formation during human SW872 cell adipogenic differentiation. Biofactors 2021; 47:837-851. [PMID: 34260117 PMCID: PMC8597007 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human SW872 preadipocyte conversion to mature adipocytes is associated with time-dependent changes in differentiation markers' expression and with morphological changes accompanied by the accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs) as well as by increased mitochondriogenesis and mitochondrial membrane potential. Under identical conditions, the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) revealed with a general probe was significant at days 3 and 10 of differentiation and bearly detectable at day 6. NADPH oxidase (NOX)-2 activity determined with an immunocytochemical approach followed a very similar pattern. There was no evidence of mitochondrial ROS (mROS), as detected with a selective fluorescence probe, at days 3 and 6, possibly due to the triggering of the Nrf-2 antioxidant response. mROS were instead clearly detected at day 10, concomitantly with the accumulation of very large LDs, oxidation of both cardiolipin and thioredoxin 2, and decreased mitochondrial glutathione. In conclusion, the morphological and biochemical changes of differentiating SW872 cells are accompanied by the discontinuous formation of ROS derived from NOX-2, increasingly implicated in adipogenesis and adipose tissue dysfunction. In addition, mROS formation was significant only in the late phase of differentiation and was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Fiorani
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoUrbinoItaly
| | - Rita De Matteis
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoUrbinoItaly
| | - Barbara Canonico
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoUrbinoItaly
| | - Giulia Blandino
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoUrbinoItaly
| | - Alessandro Mazzoli
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoUrbinoItaly
| | - Mariele Montanari
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoUrbinoItaly
| | - Andrea Guidarelli
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoUrbinoItaly
| | - Orazio Cantoni
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoUrbinoItaly
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27
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Pouikli A, Parekh S, Maleszewska M, Nikopoulou C, Baghdadi M, Tripodi I, Folz-Donahue K, Hinze Y, Mesaros A, Hoey D, Giavalisco P, Dowell R, Partridge L, Tessarz P. Chromatin remodeling due to degradation of citrate carrier impairs osteogenesis of aged mesenchymal stem cells. NATURE AGING 2021; 1:810-825. [PMID: 37117628 PMCID: PMC10154229 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00105-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by a general decline in the function of many cellular pathways. However, whether these are causally or functionally interconnected remains elusive. Here, we study the effect of mitochondrial-nuclear communication on stem cell aging. We show that aged mesenchymal stem cells exhibit reduced chromatin accessibility and lower histone acetylation, particularly on promoters and enhancers of osteogenic genes. The reduced histone acetylation is due to impaired export of mitochondrial acetyl-CoA, owing to the lower levels of citrate carrier (CiC). We demonstrate that aged cells showed enhanced lysosomal degradation of CiC, which is mediated via mitochondrial-derived vesicles. Strikingly, restoring cytosolic acetyl-CoA levels either by exogenous CiC expression or via acetate supplementation, remodels the chromatin landscape and rescues the osteogenesis defects of aged mesenchymal stem cells. Collectively, our results establish a tight, age-dependent connection between mitochondrial quality control, chromatin and stem cell fate, which are linked together by CiC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andromachi Pouikli
- Max-Planck Research Group Chromatin and Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Swati Parekh
- Max-Planck Research Group Chromatin and Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Monika Maleszewska
- Max-Planck Research Group Chromatin and Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Chrysa Nikopoulou
- Max-Planck Research Group Chromatin and Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maarouf Baghdadi
- Department of Biological Mechanisms of Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ignacio Tripodi
- Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Kat Folz-Donahue
- FACS & Imaging Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yvonne Hinze
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Mesaros
- Phenotyping Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - David Hoey
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrick Giavalisco
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Robin Dowell
- Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Linda Partridge
- Department of Biological Mechanisms of Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Tessarz
- Max-Planck Research Group Chromatin and Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany.
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28
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Bourgeais J, Hérault O. In Vitro Analysis of Energy Metabolism in Bone-Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2308:59-70. [PMID: 34057714 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1425-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) play an essential role in the regulation of normal and leukemic hematopoiesis. Their multipotent potential of differentiation also makes them an interesting therapeutic tool. Among factors involved in the regulation of MSCs, energy metabolism plays a key role in their proliferation and differentiation. Seahorse Bioscience introduced extracellular flux technology to the life sciences market in 2006. This methodology allows, in living cells and in real time, the concomitant determination of basal oxygen consumption, glycolysis rates, ATP production, and respiratory capacity in a single experiment. Here we describe the protocol used to study concomitantly the respiratory and glycolytic metabolism of primary MSCs from the determination of oxygen consumption (OCR) and extracellular acidification (ECAR) rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Bourgeais
- CNRS ERL7001 LNOx "Leukemic Niche & Redox Metabolism", Tours, France.,EA7501 GICC, Faculty of Medicine, Tours University, Tours, France.,Department of Biolocical Hematology, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France
| | - Olivier Hérault
- CNRS ERL7001 LNOx "Leukemic Niche & Redox Metabolism", Tours, France. .,EA7501 GICC, Faculty of Medicine, Tours University, Tours, France. .,Department of Biolocical Hematology, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France.
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29
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Yuan F, Wang N, Chen Y, Huang X, Yang Z, Xu Y, You K, Zhang J, Wang G, Zhuang Y, Pan T, Xiong Y, Yu X, Yang F, Li Y. Calcitriol promotes the maturation of hepatocyte-like cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 211:105881. [PMID: 33766737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Human hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) represent a promising cell source for the assessment of hepatotoxicity and pharmaceutical safety testing. However, the hepatic functionality of HLCs remains significantly inferior to primary human hepatocytes. The bioactive vitamin D (VD), calcitriol, promotes the differentiation of many types of cells, and its deficiency is correlated to the severity of liver diseases. Whether calcitriol contributes to the differentiation of HLCs needs to be explored. Here, we found that the supplementation of calcitriol improved the functionalities of hPSCs-derived HLCs in P450 activities, urea production, and albumin secretion. Moreover, calcitriol also enhanced mitochondrial respiratory function with increased protein expression levels of the subunit of respiratory enzyme complexes in HLCs. Further analyses showed that the mitochondrial biogenesis regulators and mitophagy were increased by calcitriol, thus improving the mitochondrial quality. These improvements in functionality and mitochondrial condition were dependent on vitamin D receptor (VDR) because the improvements were abolished under VDR-deficient conditions. Our finding provides a cost-effective chemical process for HLC maturation to meet the demand for basic research and potential clinic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yuan
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese, Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 230027, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell, Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese, Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell, Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese, Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell, Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinping Huang
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese, Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell, Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese, Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell, Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Xu
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese, Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell, Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai You
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese, Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell, Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaye Zhang
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese, Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell, Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanqi Zhuang
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese, Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell, Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingcai Pan
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese, Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell, Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Xiong
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese, Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell, Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaorui Yu
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese, Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 230027, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell, Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese, Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell, Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinxiong Li
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese, Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell, Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China.
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PAR2 Deficiency Induces Mitochondrial ROS Generation and Dysfunctions, Leading to the Inhibition of Adipocyte Differentiation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6683033. [PMID: 34211632 PMCID: PMC8205587 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6683033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) is a member of G-protein-coupled receptors and affects ligand-modulated calcium signaling. Although PAR2 signaling promotes obesity and adipose tissue inflammation in high fat- (HF-) fed conditions, its role in adipocyte differentiation under nonobesogenic conditions needs to be elucidated. Here, we used several tissues and primary-cultured adipocytes of mice lacking PAR2 to study its role in the development of adipose tissues. C57BL/6J mice with PAR2 deficiency exhibited a mild lipodystrophy-like phenotype in a chow diet-fed condition. When adipocyte differentiation was examined using primary-cultured preadipocytes, PAR2 deficiency led to a notable decrease in adipocyte differentiation and related protein expression, and PAR2 agonist treatment elevated adipocyte differentiation. Regarding the mechanism, PAR2-deficient preadipocytes exhibited impaired mitochondrial energy consumption. Further studies indicated that calcium-related signaling pathways for mitochondrial biogenesis are disrupted in the adipose tissues of PAR2-deficient mice and PAR2-deficient preadipocytes. Also, a PAR2 antagonist elevated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and reduced the MitoTracker fluorescent signal in preadipocytes. Our studies revealed that PAR2 is important for the development of adipose tissue under basal conditions through the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and adipocyte differentiation.
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Park YJ, Pang MG. Mitochondrial Functionality in Male Fertility: From Spermatogenesis to Fertilization. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010098. [PMID: 33445610 PMCID: PMC7826524 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are structurally and functionally distinct organelles that produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), to provide energy to spermatozoa. They can also produce reactive oxidation species (ROS). While a moderate concentration of ROS is critical for tyrosine phosphorylation in cholesterol efflux, sperm–egg interaction, and fertilization, excessive ROS generation is associated with male infertility. Moreover, mitochondria participate in diverse processes ranging from spermatogenesis to fertilization to regulate male fertility. This review aimed to summarize the roles of mitochondria in male fertility depending on the sperm developmental stage (from male reproductive tract to female reproductive tract). Moreover, mitochondria are also involved in testosterone production, regulation of proton secretion into the lumen to maintain an acidic condition in the epididymis, and sperm DNA condensation during epididymal maturation. We also established the new signaling pathway using previous proteomic data associated with male fertility, to understand the overall role of mitochondria in male fertility. The pathway revealed that male infertility is associated with a loss of mitochondrial proteins in spermatozoa, which induces low sperm motility, reduces OXPHOS activity, and results in male infertility.
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Mtu1 defects are correlated with reduced osteogenic differentiation. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:61. [PMID: 33431792 PMCID: PMC7801634 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03345-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has revealed that mitochondria dynamics and function regulation is essential for the successful mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation. In the present study, the researchers reported for the first time that Mtu1 defects are correlated with reduced osteogenic differentiation. Using in vitro cultured bone marrow MSCs and stromal cell line MS5, we demonstrated that depressed Mtu1 expression was associated with reduced 2-thiouridine modification of the U34 of mitochondrial tRNAGln, tRNAGlu, and tRNALys, which led to respiratory deficiencies and reduced mitochondrial ATP production, and finally suppressed osteogenic differentiation. As expected, these Mtu1-deficient mice exhibited obvious osteopenia. Therefore, our findings in this study provide new insights into the pathophysiology of osteopenia.
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Chen K, Wang Y, Deng X, Guo L, Wu C. Extracellular matrix stiffness regulates mitochondrial dynamics through PINCH-1- and kindlin-2-mediated signalling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crcbio.2021.100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Camacho-Cardenosa M, Quesada-Gómez JM, Camacho-Cardenosa A, Leal A, Dorado G, Torrecillas-Baena B, Casado-Díaz A. Effects of normobaric cyclic hypoxia exposure on mesenchymal stem-cell differentiation-pilot study on bone parameters in elderly. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:1667-1690. [PMID: 33505607 PMCID: PMC7789125 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i12.1667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) of bone marrow are the progenitor of osteoblasts and adipocytes. MSC tend to differentiate into adipocytes, instead of osteoblasts, with aging. This favors the loss of bone mass and development of osteoporosis. Hypoxia induces hypoxia inducible factor 1α gene encoding transcription factor, which regulates the expression of genes related to energy metabolism and angiogenesis. That allows a better adaptation to low O2 conditions. Sustained hypoxia has negative effects on bone metabolism, favoring bone resorption. Yet, surprisingly, cyclic hypoxia (CH), short times of hypoxia followed by long times in normoxia, can modulate MSC differentiation and improve bone health in aging. AIM To evaluate the CH effect on MSC differentiation, and whether it improves bone mineral density in elderly. METHODS MSC cultures were induced to differentiate into osteoblasts or adipocytes, in CH (3% O2 for 1, 2 or 4 h, 4 d a week). Extracellular-matrix mineralization and lipid-droplet formation were studied in MSC induced to differentiate into osteoblast or adipocytes, respectively. In addition, gene expression of marker genes, for osteogenesis or adipogenesis, have been quantified by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. The in vivo studies with elderly (> 75 years old; n = 10) were carried out in a hypoxia chamber, simulating an altitude of 2500 m above sea level, or in normoxia, for 18 wk (36 CH sessions of 16 min each). Percentages of fat mass and bone mineral density from whole body, trunk and right proximal femur (femoral, femoral neck and trochanter) were assessed, using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS CH (4 h of hypoxic exposure) inhibited extracellular matrix mineralization and lipid-droplet formation in MSC induced to differentiate into osteoblasts or adipocytes, respectively. However, both parameters were not significantly affected by the other shorter hypoxia times assessed. The longest periods of hypoxia downregulated the expression of genes related to extracellular matrix formation, in MSC induced to differentiate into osteoblasts. Interestingly, osteocalcin (associated to energy metabolism) was upregulated. Vascular endothelial growth factor an expression and low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein 5/6/dickkopf Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor 1 (associated to Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation) increased in osteoblasts. Yet, they decreased in adipocytes after CH treatments, mainly with the longest hypoxia times. However, the same CH treatments increased the osteoprotegerin/receptor activator for nuclear factor kappa B ligand ratio in both cell types. An increase in total bone mineral density was observed in elderly people exposed to CH, but not in specific regions. The percentage of fat did not vary between groups. CONCLUSION CH may have positive effects on bone health in the elderly, due to its possible inhibitory effect on bone resorption, by increasing the osteoprotegerin / receptor activator for nuclear factor kappa B ligand ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Manuel Quesada-Gómez
- CIBER De Fragilidad Y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Unidad De Gestión Clínica De Endocrinología Y Nutrición, Instituto Maimónides De Investigación Biomédica De Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba 14004, Spain
| | | | - Alejo Leal
- Servicio de Traumatología, Hospital de Cáceres, Cáceres 10004, Spain
| | - Gabriel Dorado
- Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus Rabanales C6-1-E17, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba-CIBERFES, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Bárbara Torrecillas-Baena
- CIBER De Fragilidad Y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Unidad De Gestión Clínica De Endocrinología Y Nutrición, Instituto Maimónides De Investigación Biomédica De Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba 14004, Spain
| | - Antonio Casado-Díaz
- CIBER De Fragilidad Y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Unidad De Gestión Clínica De Endocrinología Y Nutrición, Instituto Maimónides De Investigación Biomédica De Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba 14004, Spain
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Mohammadalipour A, Dumbali SP, Wenzel PL. Mitochondrial Transfer and Regulators of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Function and Therapeutic Efficacy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:603292. [PMID: 33365311 PMCID: PMC7750467 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.603292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) metabolism plays a crucial role in the surrounding microenvironment in both normal physiology and pathological conditions. While MSCs predominantly utilize glycolysis in their native hypoxic niche within the bone marrow, new evidence reveals the importance of upregulation in mitochondrial activity in MSC function and differentiation. Mitochondria and mitochondrial regulators such as sirtuins play key roles in MSC homeostasis and differentiation into mature lineages of the bone and hematopoietic niche, including osteoblasts and adipocytes. The metabolic state of MSCs represents a fine balance between the intrinsic needs of the cellular state and constraints imposed by extrinsic conditions. In the context of injury and inflammation, MSCs respond to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as damaged mitochondria and mitochondrial products, by donation of their mitochondria to injured cells. Through intercellular mitochondria trafficking, modulation of ROS, and modification of nutrient utilization, endogenous MSCs and MSC therapies are believed to exert protective effects by regulation of cellular metabolism in injured tissues. Similarly, these same mechanisms can be hijacked in malignancy whereby transfer of mitochondria and/or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to cancer cells increases mitochondrial content and enhances oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to favor proliferation and invasion. The role of MSCs in tumor initiation, growth, and resistance to treatment is debated, but their ability to modify cancer cell metabolism and the metabolic environment suggests that MSCs are centrally poised to alter malignancy. In this review, we describe emerging evidence for adaptations in MSC bioenergetics that orchestrate developmental fate decisions and contribute to cancer progression. We discuss evidence and potential strategies for therapeutic targeting of MSC mitochondria in regenerative medicine and tissue repair. Lastly, we highlight recent progress in understanding the contribution of MSCs to metabolic reprogramming of malignancies and how these alterations can promote immunosuppression and chemoresistance. Better understanding the role of metabolic reprogramming by MSCs in tissue repair and cancer progression promises to broaden treatment options in regenerative medicine and clinical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Mohammadalipour
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sandeep P Dumbali
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Pamela L Wenzel
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Immunology Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
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Ramírez-Camacho I, García-Niño W, Flores-García M, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Zazueta C. Alteration of mitochondrial supercomplexes assembly in metabolic diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165935. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Agrò M, Díaz-Nido J. Effect of Mitochondrial and Cytosolic FXN Isoform Expression on Mitochondrial Dynamics and Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8251. [PMID: 33158039 PMCID: PMC7662637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by recessive mutations in the frataxin gene that lead to a deficiency of the mitochondrial frataxin (FXN) protein. Alternative forms of frataxin have been described, with different cellular localization and tissue distribution, including a cerebellum-specific cytosolic isoform called FXN II. Here, we explored the functional roles of FXN II in comparison to the mitochondrial FXN I isoform, highlighting the existence of potential cross-talk between cellular compartments. To achieve this, we transduced two human cell lines of patient and healthy subjects with lentiviral vectors overexpressing the mitochondrial or the cytosolic FXN isoforms and studied their effect on the mitochondrial network and metabolism. We confirmed the cytosolic localization of FXN isoform II in our in vitro models. Interestingly, both cytosolic and mitochondrial isoforms have an effect on mitochondrial dynamics, affecting different parameters. Accordingly, increases of mitochondrial respiration were detected after transduction with FXN I or FXN II in both cellular models. Together, these results point to the existence of a potential cross-talk mechanism between the cytosol and mitochondria, mediated by FXN isoforms. A more thorough knowledge of the mechanisms of action behind the extra-mitochondrial FXN II isoform could prove useful in unraveling FRDA physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier Díaz-Nido
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM) and Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera, 1, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
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Lord T, Nixon B. Metabolic Changes Accompanying Spermatogonial Stem Cell Differentiation. Dev Cell 2020; 52:399-411. [PMID: 32097651 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Male fertility is driven by spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) that self-renew while also giving rise to differentiating spermatogonia. Spermatogonial transitions are accompanied by a shift in gene expression, however, whether equivalent changes in metabolism occur remains unexplored. In this review, we mined recently published scRNA-seq databases from mouse and human testes to compare expression profiles of spermatogonial subsets, focusing on metabolism. Comparisons revealed a conserved upregulation of genes involved in mitochondrial function, biogenesis, and oxidative phosphorylation in differentiating spermatogonia, while gene expression in SSCs reflected a glycolytic cell. Here, we also discuss the relationship between metabolism and the external microenvironment within which spermatogonia reside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Lord
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Discipline of Biological Sciences, the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia.
| | - Brett Nixon
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Discipline of Biological Sciences, the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
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Comparison of mitochondrial transplantation by using a stamp-type multineedle injector and platelet-rich plasma therapy for hair aging in naturally aging mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110520. [PMID: 32707439 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of hair loss caused by aging is related to mitochondrial dysfunction. Pep-1-mediated mitochondrial transplantation is a potential therapeutic application for mitochondrial disorders, but its efficacy against hair aging remains unknown. This study compared platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy with mitochondrial transplantation for hair restoration and examined the related regulation in naturally aging mice. After dorsal hair removal, 100-week-old mice received weekly unilateral injections of 200 μg of allogeneic mitochondria-labeled 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine with (P-Mito) or without Pep-1 conjugation (Mito) or human PRP with a stamp-type electric injector for 1 month. The contralateral sides were used as corresponding sham controls. Compared with the control and corresponding sham groups, all treatments stimulated hair regrowth, and the effectiveness of P-Mito was equal to that of PRP. However, histology revealed that only P-Mito maintained hair length until day 28 and yielded more anagen follicles with abundant dermal collagen equivalent to that of the PRP group. Mitochondrial transplantation increased the thickness of subcutaneous fat compared with the control and PRP groups, and only P-Mito consistently increased mitochondria in the subcutaneous muscle and mitochondrial DNA copies in the skin layer. Therefore, P-Mito had a higher penetrating capacity than Mito did. Moreover, P-Mito treatment was as effective as PRP treatment in comprehensively reducing the expression of aging-associated gene markers, such as IGF1R and MRPS5, and increasing antiaging Klotho gene expression. This study validated the efficacy of mitochondrial therapy in the restoration of aging-related hair loss and demonstrated the distinct effects of PRP treatment.
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Kladnická I, Čedíková M, Kripnerová M, Dvořáková J, Kohoutová M, Tůma Z, Müllerová D, Kuncová J. Mitochondrial respiration of adipocytes differentiating from human mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue. Physiol Res 2020; 68:S287-S296. [PMID: 31928046 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Burden of obesity is increasing in the contemporary world. Although multifactorial in origin, appropriate mitochondrial function of adipocytes emerges as a factor essential for healthy adipocyte differentiation and adipose tissue function. Our study aimed to evaluate mitochondrial functions of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells committed to adipogenesis. On days 0, 4, 10, and 21 of adipogenesis, we have characterized adipocyte proliferation and viability, quantified lipid accumulation in maturing cells, performed qualitative and quantitative analysis of mitochondria, determined mitochondrial respiration of cells using high-resolution respirometry, and evaluated mitochondrial membrane potential. In the course of adipogenesis, mitochondrial oxygen consumption progressively increased in states ROUTINE and E (capacity of the electron transfer system). State LEAK remained constant during first days of adipogenesis and then increased probably reflecting uncoupling ability of maturing adipocytes. Citrate synthase activity and volume of mitochondrial networks increased during differentiation, particularly between days 10 and 21. In addition, lipid accumulation remained low until day 10 and then significantly increased. In conclusion, during first days of adipogenesis, increased mitochondrial respiration is needed for transition of differentiating cells from glycolytic to oxidative metabolism and clonal expansion of preadipocytes and then more energy is needed to acquire typical metabolic phenotype of mature adipocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kladnická
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic. Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
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Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell-Mediated Mitochondrial Transfer and the Therapeutic Potential in Treatment of Neurological Diseases. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8838046. [PMID: 32724315 PMCID: PMC7364205 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8838046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that can be derived from various tissues. Due to their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties, MSCs have been extensively researched and tested for treatment of different diseases/indications. One mechanism that MSCs exert functions is through the transfer of mitochondria, a key player involved in many biological processes in health and disease. Mitochondria transfer is bidirectional and has an impact on both donor and recipient cells. In this review, we discussed how MSC-mediated mitochondrial transfer may affect cellular metabolism, survival, proliferation, and differentiation; how this process influences inflammatory processes; and what is the molecular machinery that mediates mitochondrial transfer. In the end, we summarized recent advances in preclinical research and clinical trials for the treatment of stroke and spinal cord injury, through application of MSCs and/or MSC-derived mitochondria.
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Moon DK, Kim BG, Lee AR, In Choe Y, Khan I, Moon KM, Jeon RH, Byun JH, Hwang SC, Woo DK. Resveratrol can enhance osteogenic differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis from human periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Orthop Surg Res 2020; 15:203. [PMID: 32493422 PMCID: PMC7268497 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-01684-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disorder that leads to low bone mass and microstructural deterioration of bone tissue and increases bone fractures. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol compound, has pleiotropic effects including anti-oxidative, anti-aging, and anti-cancer effects. Resveratrol also has roles in increasing osteogenesis and in upregulating mitochondrial biogenesis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). However, it is still unclear that resveratrol can enhance osteogenic differentiation or mitochondrial biogenesis of periosteum-derived MSCs (PO-MSCs), which play key roles in bone tissue maintenance and fracture healing. Thus, in order to test a possible preventive or therapeutic effect of resveratrol on osteoporosis, this study investigated the effects of resveratrol treatments on osteogenic differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis of PO-MSCs. Methods The optimal doses of resveratrol treatment on PO-MSCs were determined by cell proliferation and viability assays. Osteogenic differentiation of PO-MSCs under resveratrol treatment was assessed by alkaline phosphatase activities (ALP, an early biomarker of osteogenesis) as well as by extracellular calcium deposit levels (a late biomarker). Mitochondrial biogenesis during osteogenic differentiation of PO-MSCs was measured by quantifying both mitochondrial mass and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) contents. Results Resveratrol treatments above 10 μM seem to have negative effects on cell proliferation and viability of PO-MSCs. Resveratrol treatment (at 5 μM) on PO-MSCs during osteogenic differentiation increased both ALP activities and calcium deposits compared to untreated control groups, demonstrating an enhancing effect of resveratrol on osteogenesis. In addition, resveratrol treatment (at 5 μM) during osteogenic differentiation of PO-MSCs increased both mitochondrial mass and mtDNA copy numbers, indicating that resveratrol can bolster mitochondrial biogenesis in the process of PO-MSC osteogenic differentiation. Conclusion Taken together, the findings of this study describe the roles of resveratrol in promoting osteogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis of human PO-MSCs suggesting a possible application of resveratrol as a supplement for osteoporosis and/or osteoporotic fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Kyu Moon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Gyu Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - A Ram Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong In Choe
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Imran Khan
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Mi Moon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryoung-Hoon Jeon
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Ho Byun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Hospital, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Chul Hwang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Kyun Woo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
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Lee HY, Hong IS. Metabolic Regulation and Related Molecular Mechanisms in Various Stem Cell Functions. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 15:531-546. [PMID: 32394844 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666200512105347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies on the mechanisms that link metabolic changes with stem cell fate have deepened our understanding of how specific metabolic pathways can regulate various stem cell functions during the development of an organism. Although it was originally thought to be merely a consequence of the specific cell state, metabolism is currently known to play a critical role in regulating the self-renewal capacity, differentiation potential, and quiescence of stem cells. Many studies in recent years have revealed that metabolic pathways regulate various stem cell behaviors (e.g., selfrenewal, migration, and differentiation) by modulating energy production through glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation and by regulating the generation of metabolites, which can modulate multiple signaling pathways. Therefore, a more comprehensive understanding of stem cell metabolism could allow us to establish optimal culture conditions and differentiation methods that would increase stem cell expansion and function for cell-based therapies. However, little is known about how metabolic pathways regulate various stem cell functions. In this context, we review the current advances in metabolic research that have revealed functional roles for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, anaerobic glycolysis, and oxidative stress during the self-renewal, differentiation and aging of various adult stem cell types. These approaches could provide novel strategies for the development of metabolic or pharmacological therapies to promote the regenerative potential of stem cells and subsequently promote their therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa-Yong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Jungwon University, 85 Goesan-eup, Munmu-ro, Goesan-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 367-700, Korea
| | - In-Sun Hong
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
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Wu M, Gu J, Zong S, Guo R, Liu T, Yang M. Research journey of respirasome. Protein Cell 2020; 11:318-338. [PMID: 31919741 PMCID: PMC7196574 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-019-00681-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Respirasome, as a vital part of the oxidative phosphorylation system, undertakes the task of transferring electrons from the electron donors to oxygen and produces a proton concentration gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane through the coupled translocation of protons. Copious research has been carried out on this lynchpin of respiration. From the discovery of individual respiratory complexes to the report of the high-resolution structure of mammalian respiratory supercomplex I1III2IV1, scientists have gradually uncovered the mysterious veil of the electron transport chain (ETC). With the discovery of the mammalian respiratory mega complex I2III2IV2, a new perspective emerges in the research field of the ETC. Behind these advances glitters the light of the revolution in both theory and technology. Here, we give a short review about how scientists 'see' the structure and the mechanism of respirasome from the macroscopic scale to the atomic scale during the past decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jinke Gu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shuai Zong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Runyu Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tianya Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Maojun Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Morganti C, Bonora M, Marchi S, Ferroni L, Gardin C, Wieckowski MR, Giorgi C, Pinton P, Zavan B. Citrate Mediates Crosstalk between Mitochondria and the Nucleus to Promote Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell In Vitro Osteogenesis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041034. [PMID: 32326298 PMCID: PMC7226543 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrate, generated in the mitochondria, is a key metabolite that might link metabolism with signaling, chromatin structure and transcription to orchestrate mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) fate determination. Based on a detailed morphological analysis of 3D reconstruction of mitochondria and nuclei in single cells, we identified contact sites between these organelles that drastically increase in volume and number during the early stage of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. These contact sites create a microdomain that facilitates exchange of signals from mitochondria to the nucleus. Interestingly, we found that the citrate derived from mitochondria is necessary for osteogenic lineage determination. Indeed, inhibition of the citrate transporter system dramatically affected osteogenesis, reduced citrate levels that could be converted in α-ketoglutarate, and consequently affected epigenetic marker H3K9me3 associated with the osteogenesis differentiation process. These findings highlight that mitochondrial metabolites play key regulatory roles in the MSCs differentiation process. Further in-depth investigation is needed to provide novel therapeutic strategies in the field of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Morganti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (C.G.)
- Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (C.G.)
- Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Saverio Marchi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (C.G.)
- Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Letizia Ferroni
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Via Corriera 1, Cotignola, 48033 Ravenna, Italy; (L.F.); (C.G.)
| | - Chiara Gardin
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Via Corriera 1, Cotignola, 48033 Ravenna, Italy; (L.F.); (C.G.)
| | - Mariusz R. Wieckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (C.G.)
- Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (C.G.)
- Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Via Corriera 1, Cotignola, 48033 Ravenna, Italy; (L.F.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (B.Z.)
| | - Barbara Zavan
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Via Corriera 1, Cotignola, 48033 Ravenna, Italy; (L.F.); (C.G.)
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (B.Z.)
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46
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Pierce JL, Roberts RL, Yu K, Kendall RK, Kaiser H, Davis C, Johnson MH, Hill WD, Isales CM, Bollag WB, Hamrick MW, McGee-Lawrence ME. Kynurenine suppresses osteoblastic cell energetics in vitro and osteoblast numbers in vivo. Exp Gerontol 2020; 130:110818. [PMID: 31862422 PMCID: PMC7003726 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a progressive process associated with declining tissue function over time. Kynurenine, an oxidized metabolite of the essential amino acid tryptophan that increases in abundance with age, drives cellular processes of aging and dysfunction in many tissues, and recent work has focused on understanding the pathways involved in the harmful effects of kynurenine on bone. In this study, we sought to investigate the effects of controlled kynurenine administration on osteoblast bioenergetics, in vivo osteoblast abundance, and marrow fat accumulation. Additionally, as an extension of earlier studies with dietary administration of kynurenine, we investigated the effects of kynurenine on Hdac3 and NCoR1 expression and enzymatic deacetylase activity as potential mechanistic contributors to the effects of kynurenine on osteoblasts. Kynurenine administration suppressed cellular metabolism in osteoblasts at least in part through impaired mitochondrial respiration, and suppressed osteoblastic numbers in vivo with no concurrent effects on marrow adiposity. Deleterious effects of kynurenine treatment on osteoblasts were more pronounced in female models as compared to males. However, kynurenine treatment did not inhibit Hdac3's enzymatic deacetylase activity nor its repression of downstream glucocorticoid signaling. As such, future work will be necessary to determine the mechanisms by which increased kynurenine contributes to aging bone bioenergetics. The current study provides novel further support for the idea that kynurenine contributes to impaired osteoblastic function, and suggests that impaired matrix production by kynurenine-affected osteoblasts is attributed in part to impaired osteoblastic bioenergetics. As circulating kynurenine levels in increase with age, and human bone density inversely correlates with the serum kynurenine to tryptophan ratio, these mechanisms may have important relevance in the etiology and pathogenesis of osteoporosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Pierce
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Rachel L Roberts
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Kanglun Yu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Riley K Kendall
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Helen Kaiser
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Colleen Davis
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Maribeth H Johnson
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
| | - William D Hill
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Carlos M Isales
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Wendy B Bollag
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Charlie Norwood Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Mark W Hamrick
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Meghan E McGee-Lawrence
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Hara T, Shibata Y, Amagai R, Okado-Matsumoto A. Use of in-gel peroxidase assay for cytochrome c to visualize mitochondrial complexes III and IV. Biol Open 2020; 9:bio.047936. [PMID: 31852667 PMCID: PMC6955206 DOI: 10.1242/bio.047936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The in-gel activity assay (IGA) is a powerful technique that uses enzymatic activity and compares intensities of detected bands in mitochondrial respiratory chain supercomplexes, and it is applicable to eukaryotic organisms. However, no IGA has been established for complex III because of the difficulty of access by ubiquinol, a substrate for complex III. Herein, we demonstrate that cytochrome c (Cyt c) showed peroxidase activity on IGA as a component of complexes III and IV. We used pre-incubation with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) before IGA to loosen complexes in the gel after high-resolution clear native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (hrCN-PAGE), a refinement of blue native PAGE. The signals of IGA based on peroxidase activity were obtained using enhanced chemiluminescence solution. Then, the gel was directly used in western blotting or hrCN/SDS two-dimensional PAGE. Our findings indicate that IGA for Cyt c reflected the indirect activity of complexes III and IV. Summary: An improved in-gel activity assay visualized respiratory chain complexes III, IV and supercomplexes through cytochrome c. Pre-incubation of detergents enhanced the in-gel activity assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Hara
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Yuma Shibata
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Amagai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Ayako Okado-Matsumoto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
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48
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Ma L, Feng X, Wang K, Song Y, Luo R, Yang C. Dexamethasone promotes mesenchymal stem cell apoptosis and inhibits osteogenesis by disrupting mitochondrial dynamics. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 10:211-220. [PMID: 31788976 PMCID: PMC6996403 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long‐term or heavy use of glucocorticoids can cause severe necrosis of the femoral head, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Recent studies have found that mitochondrial dynamics play an important role in femoral head necrosis. Here, we investigated the effect of dexamethasone on the mitochondrial function of mesenchymal stem cells. We observed that high concentrations of dexamethasone (10−6 mol·L−1) decreased cell activity, promoted apoptosis, elevated levels of reactive oxygen species and disrupted mitochondrial dynamics. Furthermore, dexamethasone (10−6 mol·L−1) inhibited osteogenesis of stem cells and promoted adipogenesis. These findings may facilitate greater understanding of the adverse effects of dexamethasone on the femoral head.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobo Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rongjin Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cao Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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49
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Lee AR, Moon DK, Siregar A, Moon SY, Jeon RH, Son YB, Kim BG, Hah YS, Hwang SC, Byun JH, Woo DK. Involvement of mitochondrial biogenesis during the differentiation of human periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cells into adipocytes, chondrocytes and osteocytes. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:1052-1062. [PMID: 31802425 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01198-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to a rapidly expanding aging population, the incidence of age-related or degenerative diseases has increased, and efforts to handle the issue with regenerative medicine via adult stem cells have become more important. And it is now clear that the mitochondrial energy metabolism is important for stem cell differentiation. When stem cells commit to differentiate, glycolytic metabolism is being shifted to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to meet an increased cellular energy demand required for differentiated cells. However, the nature of cellular metabolisms during the differentiation process of periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cells (POMSC) is still unclear. In the present study, we investigated mitochondrial biogenesis during the adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic differentiation of POMSCs. Both mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) contents and mitochondrial proteins (VDAC and mitochondrial OXPHOS complex subunits) were increased during all of these mesenchymal lineage differentiations of POMSCs. Interestingly, glycolytic metabolism is reduced as POMSCs undergo osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, reducing mtDNA contents by ethidium bromide treatments prevents osteogenic differentiation of POMSCs. In conclusion, these results indicate that mitochondrial biogenesis and OXPHOS metabolism play important roles in the differentiation of POMCS and suggest that pharmaceutical modulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and/or function can be a novel regulation for POMSC differentiation and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ram Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyu Moon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Hospital, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Adrian Siregar
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Moon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryoung-Hoon Jeon
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Bum Son
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Gyu Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sool Hah
- Clinical Research Institute of Gyeongsang, National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Chul Hwang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Hospital, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Ho Byun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Hospital, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Kyun Woo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
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50
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Ma Y, Ma M, Sun J, Li W, Li Y, Guo X, Zhang H. CHIR-99021 regulates mitochondrial remodelling via β-catenin signalling and miRNA expression during endodermal differentiation. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.229948. [PMID: 31289194 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.229948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial remodelling is a central feature of stem cell differentiation. However, little is known about the regulatory mechanisms during these processes. Previously, we found that a pharmacological inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3α and -3β, CHIR-99021, initiates human adipose stem cell differentiation into human definitive endodermal progenitor cells (hEPCs), which were directed to differentiate synchronously into hepatocyte-like cells after further treatment with combinations of soluble factors. In this study, we show that CHIR-99021 promotes mitochondrial biogenesis, the expression of PGC-1α (also known as PPARGC1A), TFAM and NRF1 (also known as NFE2L1), oxidative phosphorylation capacities, and the production of reactive oxygen species in hEPCs. Blocking mitochondrial dynamics using siRNA targeting DRP1 (also known as DNM1L) impaired definitive endodermal differentiation. Downregulation of β-catenin (CTNNB1) expression weakened the effect of CHIR-99021 on the induction of mitochondrial remodelling and the expression of transcription factors for mitochondrial biogenesis. Moreover, CHIR-99021 decreased the expression of miR-19b-2-5p, miR-23a-3p, miR-23c, miR-130a-3p and miR-130a-5p in hEPCs, which target transcription factors for mitochondrial biogenesis. These data demonstrate that CHIR-99021 plays a role in mitochondrial structure and function remodelling via activation of the β-catenin signalling pathway and inhibits the expression of miRNAs during definitive endodermal differentiation.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejiao Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Minghui Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Weihong Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yaqiong Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xinyue Guo
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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