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Torres-Puig S, Crespo-Pomar S, Akarsu H, Yimthin T, Cippà V, Démoulins T, Posthaus H, Ruggli N, Kuhnert P, Labroussaa F, Jores J. Functional surface expression of immunoglobulin cleavage systems in a candidate Mycoplasma vaccine chassis. Commun Biol 2024; 7:779. [PMID: 38942984 PMCID: PMC11213901 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06497-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The Mycoplasma Immunoglobulin Binding/Protease (MIB-MIP) system is a candidate 'virulence factor present in multiple pathogenic species of the Mollicutes, including the fast-growing species Mycoplasma feriruminatoris. The MIB-MIP system cleaves the heavy chain of host immunoglobulins, hence affecting antigen-antibody interactions and potentially facilitating immune evasion. In this work, using -omics technologies and 5'RACE, we show that the four copies of the M. feriruminatoris MIB-MIP system have different expression levels and are transcribed as operons controlled by four different promoters. Individual MIB-MIP gene pairs of M. feriruminatoris and other Mollicutes were introduced in an engineered M. feriruminatoris strain devoid of MIB-MIP genes and were tested for their functionality using newly developed oriC-based plasmids. The two proteins are functionally expressed at the surface of M. feriruminatoris, which confirms the possibility to display large membrane-associated proteins in this bacterium. However, functional expression of heterologous MIB-MIP systems introduced in this engineered strain from phylogenetically distant porcine Mollicutes like Mesomycoplasma hyorhinis or Mesomycoplasma hyopneumoniae could not be achieved. Finally, since M. feriruminatoris is a candidate for biomedical applications such as drug delivery, we confirmed its safety in vivo in domestic goats, which are the closest livestock relatives to its native host the Alpine ibex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Torres-Puig
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Silvia Crespo-Pomar
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hatice Akarsu
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thatcha Yimthin
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Cippà
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Démoulins
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Horst Posthaus
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Ruggli
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI, Sensemattstrasse 293, 3147, Mittelhäusern, Schweiz
| | - Peter Kuhnert
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabien Labroussaa
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
- Multidisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases (MCID), University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Lyon Laboratory, VetAgro Sup, UMR Animal Mycoplasmosis, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jörg Jores
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland.
- Multidisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases (MCID), University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland.
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2
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Baby V, Ambroset C, Gaurivaud P, Falquet L, Boury C, Guichoux E, Jores J, Lartigue C, Tardy F, Sirand-Pugnet P. Comparative genomics of Mycoplasma feriruminatoris, a fast-growing pathogen of wild Caprinae. Microb Genom 2023; 9:001112. [PMID: 37823548 PMCID: PMC10634449 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma feriruminatoris is a fast-growing Mycoplasma species isolated from wild Caprinae and first described in 2013. M. feriruminatoris isolates have been associated with arthritis, kerato conjunctivitis, pneumonia and septicemia, but were also recovered from apparently healthy animals. To better understand what defines this species, we performed a genomic survey on 14 strains collected from free-ranging or zoo-housed animals between 1987 and 2017, mostly in Europe. The average chromosome size of the M. feriruminatoris strains was 1,040±0,024 kbp, with 24 % G+C and 852±31 CDS. The core genome and pan-genome of the M. feriruminatoris species contained 628 and 1312 protein families, respectively. The M. feriruminatoris strains displayed a relatively closed pan-genome, with many features and putative virulence factors shared with species from the M. mycoides cluster, including the MIB-MIP Ig cleavage system, a repertoire of DUF285 surface proteins and a complete biosynthetic pathway for galactan. M. feriruminatoris genomes were found to be mostly syntenic, although repertoires of mobile genetic elements, including Mycoplasma Integrative and Conjugative Elements, insertion sequences, and a single plasmid varied. Phylogenetic- and gene content analyses confirmed that M. feriruminatoris was closer to the M. mycoides cluster than to the ruminant species M. yeatsii and M. putrefaciens. Ancestral genome reconstruction showed that the emergence of the M. feriruminatoris species was associated with the gain of 17 gene families, some of which encode defence enzymes and surface proteins, and the loss of 25 others, some of which are involved in sugar transport and metabolism. This comparative study suggests that the M. mycoides cluster could be extended to include M. feriruminatoris. We also find evidence that the specific organization and structure of the DnaA boxes around the oriC of M. feriruminatoris may contribute to drive the remarkable fast growth of this minimal bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Baby
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR BFP, F-33882, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Present address: CDVUM, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Chloé Ambroset
- Université de Lyon, Anses–Laboratoire de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, UMR Mycoplasmoses animales, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Patrice Gaurivaud
- Université de Lyon, Anses–Laboratoire de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, UMR Mycoplasmoses animales, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Falquet
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Erwan Guichoux
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, 33610 Cestas, France
| | - Joerg Jores
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carole Lartigue
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR BFP, F-33882, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Florence Tardy
- Université de Lyon, Anses–Laboratoire de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, UMR Mycoplasmoses animales, 69007 Lyon, France
- Present address: Mycoplasmology, Bacteriology and Antibioresistance Unit, Laboratoire Anses Ploufragan Plouzané Niort, BP 53, 31 rue des fusillés, F-22440 Ploufragan, France
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3
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Schumacher M, Nicholson P, Stoffel MH, Chandran S, D'Mello A, Ma L, Vashee S, Jores J, Labroussaa F. Corrigendum: Evidence for the cytoplasmic localization of the L-α-Glycerophosphate oxidase in members of the " Mycoplasma mycoides cluster". Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1293129. [PMID: 37829444 PMCID: PMC10565479 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1293129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01344.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Schumacher
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pamela Nicholson
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Adonis D'Mello
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Li Ma
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Sanjay Vashee
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Joerg Jores
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabien Labroussaa
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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4
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Carrillo-Ávila JA, Aguilar-Quesada R, Ligero G, Panadero-Fajardo S, Santos-Pírez MV, Catalina P. Identification of cell culture contamination by an unusual species of Mycoplasma related to the M. mycoides cluster. Cytotechnology 2023; 75:135-141. [PMID: 36969572 PMCID: PMC10030751 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-022-00567-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma contamination is a significant problem in cell culture replication and maintenance. From more than 200 known species, a limited number of Mycoplasma species have been detected in cell cultures, representing new species or variants that can escape detection systems. A qPCR commercial kit was used for Mycoplasma detection in cell cultures. Furthermore, an amplified Mycoplasma species was sequenced and summited for sequence assembly, clustering, and evolutionary analysis study. Our work has identified a new and unusual variant or species of Mycoplasma that possesses a high degree of homology with species related with M. mycoides cluster. This variant is usually associated with cattle but has been detected contaminating a cell culture. Mycoplasma testing (even for unusual species) in cell cultures is essential to ensure the validity and reproducibility of research that uses cell cultures and to ensure the quality of cell line deposits in biobanks. For this reason, it is necessary to perform continuous checks for the absence of Mycoplasma in cell cultures and engage in the continuous adaptation of relevant detection systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R Aguilar-Quesada
- Andalusian Public Health System Biobank, Coordinating Node, Av. del Conocimiento, S/N, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - G Ligero
- Andalusian Public Health System Biobank, Coordinating Node, Av. del Conocimiento, S/N, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - S Panadero-Fajardo
- Andalusian Public Health System Biobank, Coordinating Node, Av. del Conocimiento, S/N, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - M V Santos-Pírez
- Andalusian Public Health System Biobank, Coordinating Node, Av. del Conocimiento, S/N, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - P Catalina
- Andalusian Public Health System Biobank, Coordinating Node, Av. del Conocimiento, S/N, 18016 Granada, Spain
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5
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Hill V, Akarsu H, Barbarroja RS, Cippà VL, Kuhnert P, Heller M, Falquet L, Heller M, Stoffel MH, Labroussaa F, Jores J. Minimalistic mycoplasmas harbor different functional toxin-antitoxin systems. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009365. [PMID: 34673769 PMCID: PMC8562856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasmas are minute bacteria controlled by very small genomes ranging from 0.6 to 1.4 Mbp. They encompass several important medical and veterinary pathogens that are often associated with a wide range of chronic diseases. The long persistence of mycoplasma cells in their hosts can exacerbate the spread of antimicrobial resistance observed for many species. However, the nature of the virulence factors driving this phenomenon in mycoplasmas is still unclear. Toxin-antitoxin systems (TA systems) are genetic elements widespread in many bacteria that were historically associated with bacterial persistence. Their presence on mycoplasma genomes has never been carefully assessed, especially for pathogenic species. Here we investigated three candidate TA systems in M. mycoides subsp. capri encoding a (i) novel AAA-ATPase/subtilisin-like serine protease module, (ii) a putative AbiEii/AbiEi pair and (iii) a putative Fic/RelB pair. We sequence analyzed fourteen genomes of M. mycoides subsp. capri and confirmed the presence of at least one TA module in each of them. Interestingly, horizontal gene transfer signatures were also found in several genomic loci containing TA systems for several mycoplasma species. Transcriptomic and proteomic data confirmed differential expression profiles of these TA systems during mycoplasma growth in vitro. While the use of heterologous expression systems based on E. coli and B. subtilis showed clear limitations, the functionality and neutralization capacities of all three candidate TA systems were successfully confirmed using M. capricolum subsp. capricolum as a host. Additionally, M. capricolum subsp. capricolum was used to confirm the presence of functional TA system homologs in mycoplasmas of the Hominis and Pneumoniae phylogenetic groups. Finally, we showed that several of these M. mycoides subsp. capri toxins tested in this study, and particularly the subtilisin-like serine protease, could be used to establish a kill switch in mycoplasmas for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Hill
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Biomedical Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hatice Akarsu
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Valentina L. Cippà
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Kuhnert
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Heller
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute—Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Jena, Germany
| | - Laurent Falquet
- Biochemistry Unit, University of Fribourg and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Heller
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael H. Stoffel
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabien Labroussaa
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joerg Jores
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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6
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Alhaji NB, Ankeli PI, Ikpa LT, Babalobi OO. Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia: Challenges and Prospects Regarding Diagnosis and Control Strategies in Africa. VETERINARY MEDICINE (AUCKLAND, N.Z.) 2020; 11:71-85. [PMID: 32884913 PMCID: PMC7443460 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s180025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is an infectious and contagious respiratory disease of cattle, caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm). In this review, basic epidemiological features of CBPP, complicated by existing different strains of Mycoplasmas with similar biochemical characteristics, with preference to Sub-Saharan Africa are discussed. Many sub-Saharan African countries are challenged by variable gaps that include diagnostic tools and control strategies. Science-based issues on diagnostic procedures, vaccination, treatment, and other control strategies are discussed. Participatory epidemiology (PE), a diagnostic technique used in the identification and solving of animal health problems in rural communities, was also discussed. PE application, in conjunction with conventional diagnostic tools, will improve CBPP identification in pastoral rural communities and promote control of the disease in Africa. Furthermore, adequate CBPP control can be achieved through stronger political commitments from governments by prioritizing the disease among major diseases of high economic importance to the livestock industry for surveillance and control. Investment in CBPP control in endemic African countries will assure food security, livelihoods and the general well-being of people, and international trade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nma Bida Alhaji
- Public Health and Epidemiology Department, Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Minna, Nigeria
| | - Paul Idoko Ankeli
- Mycoplasma Laboratory, Bacterial Research Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - Livinus Terhemba Ikpa
- Mycoplasma Laboratory, Bacterial Research Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - Olutayo Olajide Babalobi
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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7
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Di Teodoro G, Marruchella G, Di Provvido A, D'Angelo AR, Orsini G, Di Giuseppe P, Sacchini F, Scacchia M. Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia: A Comprehensive Overview. Vet Pathol 2020; 57:476-489. [PMID: 32390522 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820921818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is a respiratory disease of cattle that is listed as notifiable by the World Organization for Animal Health. It is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa and causes important productivity losses due to the high mortality and morbidity rates. CBPP is caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm) and is characterized by severe fibrinous bronchopneumonia and pleural effusion during the acute to subacute stages and by pulmonary sequestra in chronic cases. Additional lesions can be detected in the kidneys and in the carpal and tarsal joints of calves. Mmm infection occurs through the inhalation of infected aerosol droplets. After the colonization of bronchioles and alveoli, Mmm invades blood and lymphatic vessels and causes vasculitis. Moreover, Mmm can be occasionally demonstrated in blood and in a variety of other tissues. In the lung, Mmm antigen is commonly detected on bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial cells, in lung phagocytic cells, within the wall of blood and lymphatic vessels, inside necrotic areas, and within tertiary lymphoid follicles. Mmm antigen can also be present in the cytoplasm of macrophages within lymph node sinuses, in the germinal center of lymphoid follicles, in glomerular endothelial cells, and in renal tubules. A complete pathological examination is of great value for a rapid presumptive diagnosis, but laboratory investigations are mandatory for definitive diagnosis. The purpose of this review is to describe the main features of CBPP including the causative agent, history, geographic distribution, epidemiology, clinical course, diagnosis, and control. A special focus is placed on gross and microscopic lesions in order to familiarize veterinarians with the pathology and pathogenesis of CBPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Di Teodoro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise "G. Caporale," OIE Reference Laboratory for Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia, Campo Boario, Teramo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marruchella
- University of Teramo, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Loc. Piano d'Accio, Teramo, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Provvido
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise "G. Caporale," OIE Reference Laboratory for Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia, Campo Boario, Teramo, Italy
| | - Anna Rita D'Angelo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise "G. Caporale," OIE Reference Laboratory for Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia, Campo Boario, Teramo, Italy
| | - Gianluca Orsini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise "G. Caporale," OIE Reference Laboratory for Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia, Campo Boario, Teramo, Italy
| | - Paola Di Giuseppe
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise "G. Caporale," OIE Reference Laboratory for Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia, Campo Boario, Teramo, Italy
| | - Flavio Sacchini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise "G. Caporale," OIE Reference Laboratory for Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia, Campo Boario, Teramo, Italy
| | - Massimo Scacchia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise "G. Caporale," OIE Reference Laboratory for Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia, Campo Boario, Teramo, Italy
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8
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Lindenwald DL, Monteiro JT, Rautenschlein S, Meens J, Jung K, Becker SC, Lepenies B. Ovine C-type lectin receptor hFc-fusion protein library - A novel platform to screen for host-pathogen interactions. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2020; 224:110047. [PMID: 32325253 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
C-type lectin receptors (CTLRs) are pattern recognition receptors which are important constituents of the innate immunity. However, their role has mostly been studied in humans and in mouse models. To bridge the knowledge gap concerning CTLRs of veterinary relevant species, a novel ovine CTLR hFc-fusion protein library which allows in vitro ligand identification and pathogen binding studies has been established. Its utility was tested with known ligands of corresponding murine CTLRs in ELISA- and flow cytometry based binding studies. The ovine CTLR-hFc library was subsequently used in a proof-of-principle pathogen binding study with the ruminant pathogen Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri. Some ovine CTLRs, such as Dendritic Cell Immunoreceptor (DCIR, Clec4a), Macrophage C-Type Lectin (MCL, Clec4d) and Myeloid Inhibitory C-Type Lectin-Like Receptor (MICL, Clec12a) were identified as possible candidate receptors whose role in Mycoplasma recognition can now be unraveled in further studies. This study thus shows the utility of this novel ovine CTLR-hFc fusion protein library to screen for CTLR/pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri L Lindenwald
- Immunology Unit & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation. Hannover, Germany
| | - João T Monteiro
- Immunology Unit & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation. Hannover, Germany
| | - Silke Rautenschlein
- Clinic for Poultry, University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation. Hannover, Germany
| | - Jochen Meens
- Institute for Microbiology, University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation. Hannover, Germany
| | - Klaus Jung
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation. Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefanie C Becker
- Institute for Parasitology & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation. Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernd Lepenies
- Immunology Unit & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation. Hannover, Germany.
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9
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Jores J, Schieck E, Liljander A, Sacchini F, Posthaus H, Lartigue C, Blanchard A, Labroussaa F, Vashee S. In vivo role of capsular polysaccharide in Mycoplasma mycoides. J Infect Dis 2020; 219:1559-1563. [PMID: 30541131 PMCID: PMC6473168 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsular polysaccharides have been confirmed to be an important virulence trait in many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Similarly, they are proposed to be virulence traits in minimal Mycoplasma that cause disease in humans and animals. In the current study, goats were infected with the caprine pathogen Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri or an engineered mutant lacking the capsular polysaccharide, galactofuranose. Goats infected with the mutant strain showed only transient fever. In contrast, 5 of 8 goats infected with the parental strain reached end-point criteria after infection. These findings confirm that galactofuranose is a virulence factor in M. mycoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Jores
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Switzerland.,International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Elise Schieck
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Anne Liljander
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Flavio Sacchini
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Switzerland.,International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Horst Posthaus
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carole Lartigue
- French National Institute for Agricultural Research, Villenave d'Ornon, France.,University of Bordeaux, UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Alain Blanchard
- French National Institute for Agricultural Research, Villenave d'Ornon, France.,University of Bordeaux, UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Fabien Labroussaa
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Switzerland
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10
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Yatoo MI, Parray OR, Bhat RA, Nazir QU, Haq AU, Malik HU, Fazilli MUR, Gopalakrishnan A, Bashir ST, Tiwari R, Khurana SK, Chaicumpa W, Dhama K. Novel Candidates for Vaccine Development Against Mycoplasma Capricolum Subspecies Capripneumoniae (Mccp)-Current Knowledge and Future Prospects. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:E71. [PMID: 31340571 PMCID: PMC6789616 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7030071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploration of novel candidates for vaccine development against Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae (Mccp), the causative agent of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP), has recently gained immense importance due to both the increased number of outbreaks and the alarming risk of transboundary spread of disease. Treatment by antibiotics as the only therapeutic strategy is not a viable option due to pathogen persistence, economic issues, and concerns of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, prophylactics or vaccines are becoming important under the current scenario. For quite some time inactivated, killed, or attenuated vaccines proved to be beneficial and provided good immunity up to a year. However, their adverse effects and requirement for larger doses led to the need for production of large quantities of Mccp. This is challenging because the required culture medium is costly and Mycoplasma growth is fastidious and slow. Furthermore, quality control is always an issue with such vaccines. Currently, novel candidate antigens including capsular polysaccharides (CPS), proteins, enzymes, and genes are being evaluated for potential use as vaccines. These have shown potential immunogenicity with promising results in eliciting protective immune responses. Being easy to produce, specific, effective and free from side effects, these novel vaccine candidates can revolutionize vaccination against CCPP. Use of novel proteomic approaches, including sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, tandem mass spectroscopy, fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC), bioinformatics, computerized simulation and genomic approaches, including multilocus sequence analysis, next-generation sequencing, basic local alignment search tool (BLAST), gene expression, and recombinant expression, will further enable recognition of ideal antigenic proteins and virulence genes with vaccination potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Mycoplasma Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India.
| | - Oveas Raffiq Parray
- Mycoplasma Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Riyaz Ahmed Bhat
- Mycoplasma Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Qurat Un Nazir
- Mycoplasma Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Abrar Ul Haq
- Mycoplasma Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Hamid Ullah Malik
- Mycoplasma Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Mujeeb Ur Rehman Fazilli
- Mycoplasma Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Arumugam Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Madras Veterinary College, Tamilnadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Vepery 600007, India
| | - Shah Tauseef Bashir
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura 281001, India
| | - Sandip Kumar Khurana
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Sirsa Road, Hisar 125001, India
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, India.
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11
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Host-Pathogen Interactions of Mycoplasma mycoides in Caprine and Bovine Precision-Cut Lung Slices (PCLS) Models. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8020082. [PMID: 31226867 PMCID: PMC6631151 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8020082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory infections caused by mycoplasma species in ruminants lead to considerable economic losses. Two important ruminant pathogens are Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. Mycoides (Mmm), the aetiological agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri (Mmc), which causes pneumonia, mastitis, arthritis, keratitis, and septicemia in goats. We established precision cut lung slices (PCLS) infection model for Mmm and Mmc to study host-pathogen interactions. We monitored infection over time using immunohistological analysis and electron microscopy. Moreover, infection burden was monitored by plating and quantitative real-time PCR. Results were compared with lungs from experimentally infected goats and cattle. Lungs from healthy goats and cattle were also included as controls. PCLS remained viable for up to two weeks. Both subspecies adhered to ciliated cells. However, the titer of Mmm in caprine PCLS decreased over time, indicating species specificity of Mmm. Mmc showed higher tropism to sub-bronchiolar tissue in caprine PCLS, which increased in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, Mmc was abundantly observed on pulmonary endothelial cells, indicating partially, how it causes systemic disease. Tissue destruction upon prolonged infection of slices was comparable to the in vivo samples. Therefore, PCLS represents a novel ex vivo model to study host-pathogen interaction in livestock mycoplasma.
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12
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Schumacher M, Nicholson P, Stoffel MH, Chandran S, D’Mello A, Ma L, Vashee S, Jores J, Labroussaa F. Evidence for the Cytoplasmic Localization of the L-α-Glycerophosphate Oxidase in Members of the " Mycoplasma mycoides Cluster". Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1344. [PMID: 31275271 PMCID: PMC6593217 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the "Mycoplasma mycoides cluster" are important animal pathogens causing diseases including contagious bovine pleuropneumonia and contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, which are of utmost importance in Africa or Asia. Even if all existing vaccines have shortcomings, vaccination of herds is still considered the best way to fight mycoplasma diseases, especially with the recent and dramatic increase of antimicrobial resistance observed in many mycoplasma species. A new generation of vaccines will benefit from a better understanding of the pathogenesis of mycoplasmas, which is very patchy up to now. In particular, surface-exposed virulence traits are likely to induce a protective immune response when formulated in a vaccine. The candidate virulence factor L-α-glycerophosphate oxidase (GlpO), shared by many mycoplasmas including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, was suggested to be a surface-exposed enzyme in Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides responsible for the production of hydrogen peroxide directly into the host cells. We produced a glpO isogenic mutant GM12::YCpMmyc1.1-ΔglpO using in-yeast synthetic genomics tools including the tandem-repeat endonuclease cleavage (TREC) technique followed by the back-transplantation of the engineered genome into a mycoplasma recipient cell. GlpO localization in the mutant and its parental strain was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We obtained conflicting results and this led us to re-evaluate the localization of GlpO using a combination of in silico and in vitro techniques, such as Triton X-114 fractionation or tryptic shaving followed by immunoblotting. Our in vitro results unambiguously support the finding that GlpO is a cytoplasmic protein throughout the "Mycoplasma mycoides cluster." Thus, the use of GlpO as a candidate vaccine antigen is unlikely to induce a protective immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Schumacher
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pamela Nicholson
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Adonis D’Mello
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Li Ma
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Sanjay Vashee
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Joerg Jores
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabien Labroussaa
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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13
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Johnson GC, Fales WH, Shoemake BM, Adkins PR, Middleton JR, Williams F, Zinn M, Mitchell WJ, Calcutt MJ. An outbreak of Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies capri arthritis in young goats: a case study. J Vet Diagn Invest 2019; 31:453-457. [PMID: 30852958 PMCID: PMC6838722 DOI: 10.1177/1040638719835243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasmosis is a well-known cause of morbidity and mortality in small ruminants. Previously recognized outbreaks have involved arthritis, and pneumonia or pleuropneumonia. Modern bacteriology procedures rely less on isolation techniques that require special media for mollicutes given that these species are notoriously difficult to isolate, and rely more on PCR tests. We report an outbreak of arthritis, pleuropneumonia, and mild meningitis affecting dairy goat kids, spanning a period of 3 y, which had unusual epidemiologic characteristics related to husbandry practices. Lesions were characterized by polyarthritis of the appendicular joints, with copious joint fluid and extension of arthritic exudate beyond the joint itself. The cause remained unknown until serendipitous isolation of a mycoplasma on blood agar. Mycoplasmosis was not detected from synovial samples by a general mycoplasma PCR, despite multiple attempts. Isolated colonies were also negative by this general PCR assay. The isolate was identified as Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies capri, using universal 16S primers and amplicon sequencing. Testing of additional isolates from other diseased goats in the herd confirmed that this was the cause of illness. A failure to recognize the distinct nature of organisms of the M. mycoides group of mycoplasmas meant that a PCR test that cannot detect this group of organisms was utilized at first, and the etiology of the illness was overlooked for a period of time. Veterinary pathologists and microbiologists must be aware of the limitations of some PCR assays when confronted with joint disease and pleuropneumonia in small ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayle C. Johnson
- Gayle C. Johnson, Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Missouri, PO Box 6023, Columbia, MO 65205.
| | - William H. Fales
- Departments of Veterinary Pathobiology (Johnson, Fales, Williams, Zinn, Mitchell, Calcutt), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (Shoemake, Adkins, Middleton), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory (Johnson, Fales, Williams, Zinn, Mitchell), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Brian M. Shoemake
- Departments of Veterinary Pathobiology (Johnson, Fales, Williams, Zinn, Mitchell, Calcutt), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (Shoemake, Adkins, Middleton), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory (Johnson, Fales, Williams, Zinn, Mitchell), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Pamela R. Adkins
- Departments of Veterinary Pathobiology (Johnson, Fales, Williams, Zinn, Mitchell, Calcutt), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (Shoemake, Adkins, Middleton), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory (Johnson, Fales, Williams, Zinn, Mitchell), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - John R. Middleton
- Departments of Veterinary Pathobiology (Johnson, Fales, Williams, Zinn, Mitchell, Calcutt), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (Shoemake, Adkins, Middleton), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory (Johnson, Fales, Williams, Zinn, Mitchell), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Fred Williams
- Departments of Veterinary Pathobiology (Johnson, Fales, Williams, Zinn, Mitchell, Calcutt), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (Shoemake, Adkins, Middleton), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory (Johnson, Fales, Williams, Zinn, Mitchell), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Mike Zinn
- Departments of Veterinary Pathobiology (Johnson, Fales, Williams, Zinn, Mitchell, Calcutt), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (Shoemake, Adkins, Middleton), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory (Johnson, Fales, Williams, Zinn, Mitchell), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - W. Jeff Mitchell
- Departments of Veterinary Pathobiology (Johnson, Fales, Williams, Zinn, Mitchell, Calcutt), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (Shoemake, Adkins, Middleton), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory (Johnson, Fales, Williams, Zinn, Mitchell), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Michael J. Calcutt
- Departments of Veterinary Pathobiology (Johnson, Fales, Williams, Zinn, Mitchell, Calcutt), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (Shoemake, Adkins, Middleton), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory (Johnson, Fales, Williams, Zinn, Mitchell), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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14
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Jores J, Ma L, Ssajjakambwe P, Schieck E, Liljander A, Chandran S, Stoffel MH, Cippa V, Arfi Y, Assad-Garcia N, Falquet L, Sirand-Pugnet P, Blanchard A, Lartigue C, Posthaus H, Labroussaa F, Vashee S. Removal of a Subset of Non-essential Genes Fully Attenuates a Highly Virulent Mycoplasma Strain. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:664. [PMID: 31001234 PMCID: PMC6456743 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasmas are the smallest free-living organisms and cause a number of economically important diseases affecting humans, animals, insects, and plants. Here, we demonstrate that highly virulent Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies capri (Mmc) can be fully attenuated via targeted deletion of non-essential genes encoding, among others, potential virulence traits. Five genomic regions, representing approximately 10% of the original Mmc genome, were successively deleted using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an engineering platform. Specifically, a total of 68 genes out of the 432 genes verified to be individually non-essential in the JCVI-Syn3.0 minimal cell, were excised from the genome. In vitro characterization showed that this mutant was similar to its parental strain in terms of its doubling time, even though 10% of the genome content were removed. A novel in vivo challenge model in goats revealed that the wild-type parental strain caused marked necrotizing inflammation at the site of inoculation, septicemia and all animals reached endpoint criteria within 6 days after experimental infection. This is in contrast to the mutant strain, which caused no clinical signs nor pathomorphological lesions. These results highlight, for the first time, the rational design, construction and complete attenuation of a Mycoplasma strain via synthetic genomics tools. Trait addition using the yeast-based genome engineering platform and subsequent in vitro or in vivo trials employing the Mycoplasma chassis will allow us to dissect the role of individual candidate Mycoplasma virulence factors and lead the way for the development of an attenuated designer vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Jores
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Li Ma
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Paul Ssajjakambwe
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Elise Schieck
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Anne Liljander
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Michael H Stoffel
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Cippa
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yonathan Arfi
- UMR 1332 - Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Villenave-d'Ornon, France.,UMR 1332 - Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | | | - Laurent Falquet
- Biochemistry Unit, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Sirand-Pugnet
- UMR 1332 - Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Villenave-d'Ornon, France.,UMR 1332 - Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Alain Blanchard
- UMR 1332 - Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Villenave-d'Ornon, France.,UMR 1332 - Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Carole Lartigue
- UMR 1332 - Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Villenave-d'Ornon, France.,UMR 1332 - Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Horst Posthaus
- Department for Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Institute of Animal Pathology (COMPATH), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabien Labroussaa
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sanjay Vashee
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
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15
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Liljander A, Sacchini F, Stoffel MH, Schieck E, Stokar-Regenscheit N, Labroussaa F, Heller M, Salt J, Frey J, Falquet L, Goovaerts D, Jores J. Reproduction of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia reveals the ability of convalescent sera to reduce hydrogen peroxide production in vitro. Vet Res 2019; 50:10. [PMID: 30736863 PMCID: PMC6368817 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0628-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP), caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae is a severe disease widespread in Africa and Asia. Limited knowledge is available on the pathogenesis of this organism, mainly due to the lack of a robust in vivo challenge model and the means to do site-directed mutagenesis. This work describes the establishment of a novel caprine challenge model for CCPP that resulted in 100% morbidity using a combination of repeated intranasal spray infection followed by a single transtracheal infection employing the recent Kenyan outbreak strain ILRI181. Diseased animals displayed CCPP-related pathology and the bacteria could subsequently be isolated from pleural exudates and lung tissues in concentrations of up to 109 bacteria per mL as well as in the trachea using immunohistochemistry. Reannotation of the genome sequence of ILRI181 and F38T revealed the existence of genes encoding the complete glycerol uptake and metabolic pathways involved in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production in the phylogenetically related pathogen M. mycoides subsp. mycoides. Furthermore, the expression of L-α-glycerophosphate oxidase (GlpO) in vivo was confirmed. In addition, the function of the glycerol metabolism was verified by measurement of production of H2O2 in medium containing physiological serum concentrations of glycerol. Peroxide production could be inhibited with serum from convalescent animals. These results will pave the way for a better understanding of host-pathogen interactions during CCPP and subsequent vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Liljander
- International Livestock Research Institute, Box 30709, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
| | - Flavio Sacchini
- International Livestock Research Institute, Box 30709, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya.,Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggass-Str. 122, Postfach, 3001, Bern, Switzerland.,Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", via Campo Boario, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Michael H Stoffel
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggass-Str. 120, Postfach, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elise Schieck
- International Livestock Research Institute, Box 30709, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
| | - Nadine Stokar-Regenscheit
- Institute of Animal Pathology (COMPATH), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggass-Str. 122, Postfach, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabien Labroussaa
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggass-Str. 122, Postfach, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Heller
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute-Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Jeremy Salt
- GALVmed, Doherty Building, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Edinburgh, EH26 0PZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Joachim Frey
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggass-Str. 122, Postfach, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Falquet
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Chemin du Musée 18, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Danny Goovaerts
- GALVmed, Doherty Building, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Edinburgh, EH26 0PZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Joerg Jores
- International Livestock Research Institute, Box 30709, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya. .,Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggass-Str. 122, Postfach, 3001, Bern, Switzerland.
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16
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Kama-Kama F, Omosa LK, Nganga J, Maina N, Osanjo G, Yaouba S, Ilias M, Midiwo J, Naessens J. Antimycoplasmal Activities of Compounds from Solanum aculeastrum and Piliostigma thonningii against Strains from the Mycoplasma mycoides Cluster. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:920. [PMID: 29311927 PMCID: PMC5742823 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by Mycoplasma species belonging to the ‘mycoides cluster’ negatively affect the agricultural sector through losses in livestock productivity. These Mycoplasma strains are resistant to many conventional antibiotics due to the total lack of cell wall. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new antimicrobial agents from alternative sources such as medicinal plants to curb the resistance threat. Recent studies on extracts from Solanum aculeastrum and Piliostigma thonningii revealed interesting antimycoplasmal activities hence the motivation to investigate the antimycoplasmal activities of constituent compounds. The CH2Cl2/MeOH extracts from the berries of S. aculeastrum yielded a new β-sitosterol derivative (1) along with six known ones including; lupeol (2), two long-chain fatty alcohols namely undecyl alcohol (3) and lauryl alcohol (4); two long-chain fatty acids namely; myristic acid (5) and nervonic acid (6) as well as a glycosidic steroidal alkaloid; (25R)-3β-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-22α-N-spirosol-5-ene (7) from the MeOH extracts. A new furan diglycoside, (2,5-D-diglucopyranosyloxy-furan) (8) was also characterized from the CH2Cl2/MeOH extract of stem bark of P. thonningii. The structures of the compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic evidence and comparison with literature data. Compounds 1, 3, 4, 7, and 8 isolated in sufficient yields were tested against the growth of two Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm), two M. mycoides. capri (Mmc), and one M. capricolum capricolum (Mcc) using broth dilution methods, while the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by serial dilution. The inhibition of Mycoplasma in vitro growth was determined by the use of both flow cytometry (FCM) and color change units (CCU) methods. Compounds 4 and 7 showed moderate activity against the growth of Mmm and Mmc but were inactive against the growth of Mcc. The lowest MIC value was 50 μg/ml for compound 7 against Mmm. The rest of the compounds showed minimal or no activity against the strains of Mycoplasma mycoides tested. This is the first report on the use of combined FCM and CCU to determine inhibition of in vitro growth of Mycoplasma mycoides. The activity of these compounds against other bacterial strains should be tested and their safety profiles determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Kama-Kama
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya.,Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Joseph Nganga
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Naomi Maina
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Georges Osanjo
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Souaibou Yaouba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Muhammad Ilias
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
| | - Jacob Midiwo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jan Naessens
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
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17
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Olaogun OM, Kanci A, Barber SR, Tivendale KA, Markham PF, Marenda MS, Browning GF. Survey of Victorian small ruminant herds for mycoplasmas associated with contagious agalactia and molecular characterisation of Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies capri isolates from one herd. Aust Vet J 2017; 95:392-400. [PMID: 28948623 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Regarded as one of the most expensive production diseases of dairy sheep and goats, contagious agalactia (CA) is caused by any of four agents: Mycoplasma agalactiae, M. mycoides subspecies capri (Mmc), M. capricolum subspecies capricolum (Mcc) and M. putrefaciens. Although CA is worldwide in distribution, it has not been reported in Australia, even though studies between the 1950s and 1980s isolated each agent from sheep or goats without any clinical signs associated with it. The aim of this study was to examine sheep and goats in Victoria, Australia, for the presence of CA-associated mycoplasmas and to investigate the evolutionary relationships of these isolates by comparing their genetic differences with their counterparts from other parts of the world. METHODS A 3-year epidemiological survey of small ruminant populations in Victoria, Australia, was conducted for the presence of CA-associated mycoplasmas and the isolates obtained were genotyped by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). RESULTS Mmc was the only CA-associated agent isolated from the 1358 samples analysed in the study, but was not associated with CA on the property where it was found. MLST analyses of Mmc strains revealed a distinct clustering of Australian isolates into a novel clade, with the closest relatives being strains from Europe. The distinct clustering is consistent with the absence of clinical disease in Australia. CONCLUSION The isolation of Mmc indicates that this subspecies persists in Australian small ruminant populations. However, full genome sequencing and in vitro animal experimentation are needed to unequivocally demonstrate the avirulence of Australian strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Olaogun
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - A Kanci
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - S R Barber
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - K A Tivendale
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - P F Markham
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - M S Marenda
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - G F Browning
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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18
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Thankappan S, Rana R, Remesh AT, Rekha V, Nagaleekar VK, Puvvala B. Cloning and expression of P67 protein of Mycoplasma leachii. Vet World 2017; 10:1108-1113. [PMID: 29062201 PMCID: PMC5639110 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.1108-1113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The present study was undertaken to clone, express and study the immunogenicity of P67 protein of Mycoplasma leachii. MATERIALS AND METHODS P67 gene was amplified from genomic DNA of M. leachii. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product was inserted in pRham N-His SUMO Kan vector and was used to transform competent Escherichia cloni 10G cells. Recombinant protein expression was done by inducing cells with 0.2% Rhamnose. Purification was done using nickel nitrilotriacetic acid affinity chromatography. Western blot and dot blot analysis were performed to assess the immunoreactivity of P67 protein. RESULTS PCR amplicon size of P67 gene was found to be 1500 base pair. The size of the fusion protein with SUMO tag was 79 kDa in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. The recombinant P67 fusion protein expressed in pRham N-His SUMO Kan vector was found to be immunogenic in both western blot and dot blot analysis. CONCLUSION Western blot and dot blot analysis of P67 protein of M. leachii revealed that the protein is immunogenic. Further work is needed to evaluate the role of P67 antigen of M. leachii as an immunodiagnostic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabarinath Thankappan
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajneesh Rana
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arun Thachappully Remesh
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Valsala Rekha
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Bhavani Puvvala
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
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19
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Ambroset C, Pau-Roblot C, Game Y, Gaurivaud P, Tardy F. Identification and Characterization of Mycoplasma feriruminatoris sp. nov. Strains Isolated from Alpine Ibex: A 4th Species in the Mycoplasma mycoides Cluster Hosted by Non-domesticated Ruminants? Front Microbiol 2017; 8:939. [PMID: 28611743 PMCID: PMC5447728 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Mycoplasma, a group of free-living, wall-less prokaryotes includes more than 100 species of which dozens are primary pathogens of humans and domesticated animals. Mycoplasma species isolated from wildlife are rarely investigated but could provide a fuller picture of the evolutionary history and diversity of this genus. In 2013 several isolates from wild Caprinae were tentatively assigned to a new species, Mycoplasma (M.) feriruminatoris sp. nov., characterized by an unusually rapid growth in vitro and close genetic proximity to ruminant pathogenic species. We suspected that atypical isolates recently collected from Alpine ibex in France belonged to this new species. The present study was undertaken to verify this hypothesis and to further characterize the French ibex isolates. Phylogenetic analyses were performed to identify the isolates and position them in trees containing several other mycoplasma species pathogenic to domesticated ruminants. Population diversity was characterized by genomic macrorestriction and by examining the capacity of different strains to produce capsular polysaccharides, a feature now known to vary amongst mycoplasma species pathogenic to ruminants. This is the first report of M. feriruminatoris isolation from Alpine ibex in France. Phylogenetic analyses further suggested that M. feriruminatoris might constitute a 4th species in a genetic cluster that so far contains only important ruminant pathogens, the so-called Mycoplasma mycoides cluster. A PCR assay for specific identification is proposed. These French isolates were not clonal, despite being collected in a restricted region of the Alps, which signifies a considerable diversity of the new species. Strains were able to concomitantly produce two types of capsular polysaccharides, β-(1→6)-galactan and β-(1→6)-glucan, with variation in their respective ratio, a feature never before described in mycoplasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Ambroset
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, UMR Mycoplasmoses des RuminantsMarcy-l'Étoile, France.,Anses, Laboratoire de Lyon, UMR Mycoplasmoses des RuminantsLyon, France
| | - Corinne Pau-Roblot
- Unité de Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, EA 3900, Université de Picardie Jules VerneAmiens, France
| | - Yvette Game
- Laboratoire Départemental d'Analyses Vétérinaires de SavoieChambéry, France
| | - Patrice Gaurivaud
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, UMR Mycoplasmoses des RuminantsMarcy-l'Étoile, France.,Anses, Laboratoire de Lyon, UMR Mycoplasmoses des RuminantsLyon, France
| | - Florence Tardy
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, UMR Mycoplasmoses des RuminantsMarcy-l'Étoile, France.,Anses, Laboratoire de Lyon, UMR Mycoplasmoses des RuminantsLyon, France
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20
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Dijkman R, Feberwee A, Landman WJM. Development and evaluation of a multi-locus sequence typing scheme for Mycoplasma synoviae. Avian Pathol 2017; 45:426-42. [PMID: 26926568 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2016.1154135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Reproducible molecular Mycoplasma synoviae typing techniques with sufficient discriminatory power may help to expand knowledge on its epidemiology and contribute to the improvement of control and eradication programmes of this mycoplasma species. The present study describes the development and validation of a novel multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for M. synoviae. Thirteen M. synoviae isolates originating from different poultry categories, farms and lesions, were subjected to whole genome sequencing. Their sequences were compared to that of M. synoviae reference strain MS53. A high number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) indicating considerable genetic diversity were identified. SNPs were present in over 40 putative target genes for MLST of which five target genes were selected (nanA, uvrA, lepA, ruvB and ugpA) for the MLST scheme. This scheme was evaluated analysing 209 M. synoviae samples from different countries, categories of poultry, farms and lesions. Eleven clonal clusters and 76 different sequence types (STs) were obtained. Clustering occurred following geographical origin, supporting the hypothesis of regional population evolution. M. synoviae samples obtained from epidemiologically linked outbreaks often harboured the same ST. In contrast, multiple M. synoviae lineages were found in samples originating from swollen joints or oviducts from hens that produce eggs with eggshell apex abnormalities indicating that further research is needed to identify the genetic factors of M. synoviae that may explain its variations in tissue tropism and disease inducing potential. Furthermore, MLST proved to have a higher discriminatory power compared to variable lipoprotein and haemagglutinin A typing, which generated 50 different genotypes on the same database.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dijkman
- a GD-Animal Health Service , Deventer , the Netherlands
| | - A Feberwee
- a GD-Animal Health Service , Deventer , the Netherlands
| | - W J M Landman
- a GD-Animal Health Service , Deventer , the Netherlands
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21
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Tatay-Dualde J, Prats-van der Ham M, de la Fe C, Paterna A, Sánchez A, Corrales JC, Contreras A, Tola S, Gómez-Martin Á. Antimicrobial susceptibility and multilocus sequence typing of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174700. [PMID: 28346546 PMCID: PMC5367824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum is one of the causative agents of contagious agalactia (CA). Nevertheless, there is still a lack of information about its antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characteristics. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the antimicrobial and genetic variability of different Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum field isolates. For this purpose, the growth inhibition effect of 18 antimicrobials and a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme based on five housekeeping genes (fusA, glpQ, gyrB, lepA and rpoB) were performed on 32 selected field isolates from Italy and Spain.The results showed a wide range of growth inhibitory effects for almost all the antimicrobials studied. Macrolides presented lower efficacy inhibiting Mcc growth than in previous works performed on other CA-causative mycoplasmas. Erythromycin was not able to inhibit the growth of any of the studied strains, contrary to doxycycline, which inhibited the growth of all of them from low concentrations. On the other hand, the study of the concatenated genes revealed a high genetic variability among the different Mcc isolates. Hence, these genetic variations were greater than the ones reported in prior works on other mycoplasma species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tatay-Dualde
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n., Murcia, Spain
| | - Miranda Prats-van der Ham
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n., Murcia, Spain
| | - Christian de la Fe
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n., Murcia, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Ana Paterna
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n., Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Sánchez
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n., Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Corrales
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n., Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Contreras
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n., Murcia, Spain
| | - Sebastiana Tola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna “G. Pegreffi”, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ángel Gómez-Martin
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n., Murcia, Spain
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22
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Kama-Kama F, Midiwo J, Nganga J, Maina N, Schiek E, Omosa LK, Osanjo G, Naessens J. Selected ethno-medicinal plants from Kenya with in vitro activity against major African livestock pathogens belonging to the "Mycoplasma mycoides cluster". JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 192:524-534. [PMID: 27649681 PMCID: PMC5081062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMOCOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Members of 'Mycoplasma mycoides cluster' are important ruminant pathogens in Africa. Diseases caused by these Mycoplasma negatively affect the agricultural sector especially in developing countries through losses in livestock productivity, mortality and international trade restrictions. There is therefore urgent need to develop antimicrobials from alternative sources such as medicinal plants to curb these diseases. In Kenya, smallholder farmers belonging to the Maasai, Kuria and Luo rely on traditional Kenyan herbals to treat respiratory symptoms in ruminants. In the current study extracts from some of these plants were tested against the growth of members of Mycoplasma mycoides cluster. AIM This study aimed at identifying plants that exhibit antimycoplasmal activities using an ethnobotanical approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS Kenyan farmers of Maasai, Luo and Kuria ethnic groups were interviewed for plant remedies given to livestock with respiratory syndromes. The plant materials were thereafter collected and crude extracts prepared using a mixture of 50% of methanol (MeOH) in dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), neat methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH) and water to yield four crude extracts per plant part. The extracts were tested in vitro against five strains of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri, five strains of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides and one strain of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp capricolum using broth micro-dilution assays with an initial concentration of 1mg/ml. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the most active extracts were determined by serial dilution. RESULTS Extracts from five plants namely: Solanum aculeastrum, Albizia coriaria, Ekebergia capensis, Piliostigma thonningii and Euclea divinorum exhibited the highest activities against the Mycoplasma strains tested. Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides were more susceptible to these extracts than Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri and Mycoplasma capricolum susp. capricolum. The activities of the crude extracts varied with the solvent used for extraction. The MICs mean values of the active extracts varied from 0.02 to 0.6mg/ml. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that these plants could potentially contain antimicrobial compounds that might be useful for the treatment of respiratory diseases in ruminants. Future work should focus on the isolation and identification of the active compounds from the plant extracts that showed interesting activities and evaluation of their antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Kama-Kama
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya; Biosciences Eastern & Central Africa - International Livestock Research Institute, Old Naivasha Road, PO Box 30709, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Jacob Midiwo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joseph Nganga
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Naomi Maina
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Elise Schiek
- Biosciences Eastern & Central Africa - International Livestock Research Institute, Old Naivasha Road, PO Box 30709, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Leonidah Kerubo Omosa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - George Osanjo
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jan Naessens
- Biosciences Eastern & Central Africa - International Livestock Research Institute, Old Naivasha Road, PO Box 30709, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya.
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23
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Development of a Novel Cocktail Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and a Field-Applicable Lateral-Flow Rapid Test for Diagnosis of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia. J Clin Microbiol 2016; 54:1557-1565. [PMID: 27053669 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.03259-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is a severe respiratory disease that is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa. It is caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides, a bacterium belonging to the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster. In the absence of an efficient CBPP vaccine, improved and easy-to-use diagnostic assays for recurrent testing combined with isolation and treatment of positive animals represent an option for CBPP control in Africa. Here we describe the comprehensive screening of 17 immunogenic Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides proteins using well-characterized bovine sera for the development of a novel cocktail enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for laboratory use. Two recombinant Mycoplasma immunogens, MSC_0136 and MSC_0636, were used to set up a standardized cocktail ELISA protocol. According to the results from more than 100 serum samples tested, the sensitivity and specificity of the novel cocktail ELISA were 85.6% and 96.4%, respectively, with an overall diagnostic accuracy comparable to that of the Office International des Epizooties (OIE)-prescribed serological assays. In addition, we provide a proof of principle for a field-applicable, easy-to-use commercially produced prototype lateral-flow test for rapid (<30-min) diagnosis of CBPP.
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24
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Nkando I, Perez-Casal J, Mwirigi M, Prysliak T, Townsend H, Berberov E, Kuria J, Mugambi J, Soi R, Liljander A, Jores J, Gerdts V, Potter A, Naessens J, Wesonga H. Recombinant Mycoplasma mycoides proteins elicit protective immune responses against contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 171:103-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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25
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Großhennig S, Ischebeck T, Gibhardt J, Busse J, Feussner I, Stülke J. Hydrogen sulfide is a novel potential virulence factor of Mycoplasma pneumoniae: characterization of the unusual cysteine desulfurase/desulfhydrase HapE. Mol Microbiol 2016; 100:42-54. [PMID: 26711628 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a human pathogen causing atypical pneumonia with a minimalized and highly streamlined genome. So far, hydrogen peroxide production, cytadherence, and the ADP-ribosylating CARDS toxin have been identified as pathogenicity determinants. We have studied haemolysis caused by M. pneumoniae, and discovered that hydrogen peroxide is responsible for the oxidation of heme, but not for lysis of erythrocytes. This feature could be attributed to hydrogen sulfide, a compound that has previously not been identified as virulence factor in lung pathogens. Indeed, we observed hydrogen sulfide production by M. pneumoniae. The search for a hydrogen sulfide-producing enzyme identified HapE, a protein with similarity to cysteine desulfurases. In contrast to typical cysteine desulfurases, HapE is a bifunctional enzyme: it has both the cysteine desulfurase activity to produce alanine and the cysteine desulfhydrase activity to produce pyruvate and hydrogen sulfide. Experiments with purified HapE showed that the enzymatic activity of the protein is responsible for haemolysis, demonstrating that HapE is a novel potential virulence factor of M. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Großhennig
- Department of General Microbiology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Georg-August-University, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Gibhardt
- Department of General Microbiology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia Busse
- Department of General Microbiology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Georg-August-University, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Georg-August-University, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Stülke
- Department of General Microbiology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Georg-August-University, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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26
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Morphological characterization and immunohistochemical detection of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-17A, and TNF-α in lung lesions associated with contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. Trop Anim Health Prod 2016; 48:569-76. [PMID: 26837619 PMCID: PMC4766205 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-016-0994-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), a severe respiratory disease, is characterized by massive inflammation of the lung especially during the acute clinical stage of infection. Tissue samples from cattle, experimentally infected with Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides Afadé, were subjected to histopathological and immunohistochemical examination in order to provide insight into innate immune pathways that shape inflammatory host responses. Lung lesions were characterized by vasculitis, necrosis, and increased presence of macrophages and neutrophils, relative to uninfected animals. The presence of three cytokines associated with innate inflammatory immune responses, namely, IL-1β, IL-17A, and TNF-α, were qualitatively investigated in situ. Higher cytokine levels were detected in lung tissue samples from CBPP-affected cattle compared to samples derived from an uninfected control group. We therefore conclude that the cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β, which are prevalent in the acute phase of infections, play a role in the inflammatory response seen in the lung tissue in CBPP. IL-17A gets released by activated macrophages and attracts granulocytes that modulate the acute phase of the CBPP lesions.
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27
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Fischer A, Santana-Cruz I, Hegerman J, Gourlé H, Schieck E, Lambert M, Nadendla S, Wesonga H, Miller RA, Vashee S, Weber J, Meens J, Frey J, Jores J. High quality draft genomes of the Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides challenge strains Afadé and B237. Stand Genomic Sci 2015; 10:89. [PMID: 26516405 PMCID: PMC4625578 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-015-0067-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster' represent important livestock pathogens worldwide. Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides is the etiologic agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), which is still endemic in many parts of Africa. We report the genome sequences and annotation of two frequently used challenge strains of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides, Afadé and B237. The information provided will enable downstream 'omics' applications such as proteomics, transcriptomics and reverse vaccinology approaches. Despite the absence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae like cyto-adhesion encoding genes, the two strains showed the presence of protrusions. This phenotype is likely encoded by another set of genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Fischer
- />International Livestock Research Institute, PO Box 30709, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
- />International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology, PO Box 30772, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ivette Santana-Cruz
- />Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 801 W. Baltimore Street BioPark II, 21201 Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Jan Hegerman
- />Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- />Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
- />REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hadrien Gourlé
- />Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, SLU Global Bioinformatics Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elise Schieck
- />International Livestock Research Institute, PO Box 30709, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mathieu Lambert
- />Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, SLU Global Bioinformatics Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Suvarna Nadendla
- />Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 801 W. Baltimore Street BioPark II, 21201 Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Hezron Wesonga
- />Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO) Muguga, PO Box 32-00902, Kikuyu, Kenya
| | - Rachel A. Miller
- />International Livestock Research Institute, PO Box 30709, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
- />Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Sanjay Vashee
- />J. Craig Venter Institute, 9704 Medical Center Drive, 20850 Rockville, MD USA
| | - Johann Weber
- />Lausanne Genomic Technologies Facility Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Meens
- />Institute for Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Joachim Frey
- />Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joerg Jores
- />International Livestock Research Institute, PO Box 30709, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
- />Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland
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28
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Schieck E, Lartigue C, Frey J, Vozza N, Hegermann J, Miller RA, Valguarnera E, Muriuki C, Meens J, Nene V, Naessens J, Weber J, Lowary TL, Vashee S, Feldman MF, Jores J. Galactofuranose in Mycoplasma mycoides is important for membrane integrity and conceals adhesins but does not contribute to serum resistance. Mol Microbiol 2015; 99:55-70. [PMID: 26354009 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri (Mmc) and subsp. mycoides (Mmm) are important ruminant pathogens worldwide causing diseases such as pleuropneumonia, mastitis and septicaemia. They express galactofuranose residues on their surface, but their role in pathogenesis has not yet been determined. The M. mycoides genomes contain up to several copies of the glf gene, which encodes an enzyme catalysing the last step in the synthesis of galactofuranose. We generated a deletion of the glf gene in a strain of Mmc using genome transplantation and tandem repeat endonuclease coupled cleavage (TREC) with yeast as an intermediary host for the genome editing. As expected, the resulting YCp1.1-Δglf strain did not produce the galactofuranose-containing glycans as shown by immunoblots and immuno-electronmicroscopy employing a galactofuranose specific monoclonal antibody. The mutant lacking galactofuranose exhibited a decreased growth rate and a significantly enhanced adhesion to small ruminant cells. The mutant was also 'leaking' as revealed by a β-galactosidase-based assay employing a membrane impermeable substrate. These findings indicate that galactofuranose-containing polysaccharides conceal adhesins and are important for membrane integrity. Unexpectedly, the mutant strain showed increased serum resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Schieck
- International Livestock Research Institute, Old Naivasha Road, P.O. Box 30709, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Carole Lartigue
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, The French National Institute for Agricultural Research, INRA-Université Bordeaux, Segalen, 71, avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS20032, F-33882, Villenave D'Ornon CEDEX, Bordeaux, France.,UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Université Bordeaux, F-33140, Villenave d'Ornon, Bordeaux, France
| | - Joachim Frey
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, CH-3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Vozza
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Jan Hegermann
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rachel A Miller
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ezequiel Valguarnera
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine St Louis, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Cecilia Muriuki
- International Livestock Research Institute, Old Naivasha Road, P.O. Box 30709, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jochen Meens
- Institute for Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Vish Nene
- International Livestock Research Institute, Old Naivasha Road, P.O. Box 30709, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jan Naessens
- International Livestock Research Institute, Old Naivasha Road, P.O. Box 30709, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Johann Weber
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Lausanne Genomic Technologies Facility,University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Todd L Lowary
- Department of Chemistry, Alberta Glycomics Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Sanjay Vashee
- J. Craig Venter Institute, 9704 Medical Center Drive, MD 20850, Rockville, USA
| | - Mario F Feldman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine St Louis, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joerg Jores
- International Livestock Research Institute, Old Naivasha Road, P.O. Box 30709, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya.,Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, CH-3001, Bern, Switzerland
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Heller M, Schwarz R, Noe G, Jores J, Fischer A, Schubert E, Sachse K. First human case of severe septicaemia associated with Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum infection. JMM Case Rep 2015. [DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.000101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Heller
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Naumburger Strasse 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Gerhard Noe
- Evangelische Kliniken, Waldstrasse 73, 53177 Bonn, Germany
| | - Joerg Jores
- International Livestock Research Institute, Old Naivasha Road, PO Box 30709, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Anne Fischer
- International Livestock Research Institute, Old Naivasha Road, PO Box 30709, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Evelyn Schubert
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Naumburger Strasse 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Konrad Sachse
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Naumburger Strasse 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Olaogun OM, Kanci A, Barber SR, Tivendale KA, Markham PF, Marenda MS, Browning GF. Genetic diversity of Mycoplasma arginini isolates based on multilocus sequence typing. Vet Microbiol 2015; 180:123-8. [PMID: 26264760 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of Mycoplasma arginini to mycoplasmosis in small ruminants remains unclear because it is recovered from both healthy and diseased animals. In order to gain a better understanding of any relationships between isolates from different sites and different geographical locations, we developed a method for genotyping M. arginini using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). A MLST scheme based on five housekeeping genes was used to characterize M. arginini isolates from flocks of sheep and goats. A high level of genetic variability was detected between strains and within herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusola M Olaogun
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Anna Kanci
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Stuart R Barber
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kelly A Tivendale
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Philip F Markham
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Marc S Marenda
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Glenn F Browning
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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31
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Dupuy V, Verdier A, Thiaucourt F, Manso-Silván L. A large-scale genomic approach affords unprecedented resolution for the molecular epidemiology and evolutionary history of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia. Vet Res 2015; 46:74. [PMID: 26149260 PMCID: PMC4492101 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP), caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp), is a devastating disease of domestic goats and of some wild ungulate species. The disease is currently spreading in Africa and Asia and poses a serious threat to disease-free areas. A comprehensive view of the evolutionary history and dynamics of Mccp is essential to understand the epidemiology of CCPP. Yet, analysing the diversity of genetically monomorphic pathogens, such as Mccp, is complicated due to their low variability. In this study, the molecular epidemiology and evolution of CCPP was investigated using a large-scale genomic approach based on next-generation sequencing technologies, applied to a sample of strains representing the global distribution of this disease. A highly discriminatory multigene typing system was developed, allowing the differentiation of 24 haplotypes among 25 Mccp strains distributed in six genotyping groups, which showed some correlation with geographic origin. A Bayesian approach was used to infer the first robust phylogeny of the species and to date the principal events of its evolutionary history. The emergence of Mccp was estimated only at about 270 years ago, which explains the low genetic diversity of this species despite its high mutation rate, evaluated at 1.3 × 10−6 substitutions per site per year. Finally, plausible scenarios were proposed to elucidate the evolution and dynamics of CCPP in Asia and Africa, though limited by the paucity of Mccp strains, particularly in Asia. This study shows how combining large-scale genomic data with spatial and temporal data makes it possible to obtain a comprehensive view of the epidemiology of CCPP, a precondition for the development of improved disease surveillance and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Dupuy
- CIRAD, UMR CMAEE, F-34398, Montpellier, France. .,INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398, Montpellier, France.
| | - Axel Verdier
- CIRAD, UMR CMAEE, F-34398, Montpellier, France. .,INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398, Montpellier, France.
| | - François Thiaucourt
- CIRAD, UMR CMAEE, F-34398, Montpellier, France. .,INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398, Montpellier, France.
| | - Lucía Manso-Silván
- CIRAD, UMR CMAEE, F-34398, Montpellier, France. .,INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398, Montpellier, France.
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32
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Field-Applicable Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assay for Rapid Detection of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae. J Clin Microbiol 2015; 53:2810-5. [PMID: 26085615 PMCID: PMC4540935 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00623-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is a highly contagious disease caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae that affects goats in Africa and Asia. Current available methods for the diagnosis of Mycoplasma infection, including cultivation, serological assays, and PCR, are time-consuming and require fully equipped stationary laboratories, which make them incompatible with testing in the resource-poor settings that are most relevant to this disease. We report a rapid, specific, and sensitive assay employing isothermal DNA amplification using recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) for the detection of M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae. We developed the assay using a specific target sequence in M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae, as found in the genome sequence of the field strain ILRI181 and the type strain F38 and that was further evidenced in 10 field strains from different geographical regions. Detection limits corresponding to 5 × 103 and 5 × 104 cells/ml were obtained using genomic DNA and bacterial culture from M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae strain ILRI181, while no amplification was obtained from 71 related Mycoplasma isolates or from the Acholeplasma or the Pasteurella isolates, demonstrating a high degree of specificity. The assay produces a fluorescent signal within 15 to 20 min and worked well using pleural fluid obtained directly from CCPP-positive animals without prior DNA extraction. We demonstrate that the diagnosis of CCPP can be achieved, with a short sample preparation time and a simple read-out device that can be powered by a car battery, in <45 min in a simulated field setting.
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33
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Calcutt MJ, Foecking MF. Comparative analysis of the Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum GM508D genome reveals subrogation of phase-variable contingency genes and a novel integrated genetic element. Pathog Dis 2015; 73:ftv041. [PMID: 26040761 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftv041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capricolum is both a pathogen of small ruminants and a model recipient organism for gene transplantation and synthetic biology. With the availability of the complete genome of the type strain California kid (released in 2005), a draft genome of strain GM508D was determined to investigate genomic variation in this subspecies. Differences in mobile genetic element location and complement, catabolic pathway genes, contingency loci, surface antigen genes and type II restriction-modification systems highlight the plasticity and diversity within this taxon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Calcutt
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Mark F Foecking
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Becker CAM, Thibault FM, Arcangioli MA, Tardy F. Loss of diversity within Mycoplasma bovis isolates collected in France from bovines with respiratory diseases over the last 35 years. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 33:118-26. [PMID: 25913158 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma (M.) bovis has recently emerged as a major, worldwide etiological agent of bovine respiratory diseases leading to huge economic losses mainly due to high morbidity and mortality as well as poor growth rates. The spread of M. bovis infections between different animals, herds, regions or countries has been often reported to be connected to the movement of animals. However, despite recent considerable efforts, no universal subtyping method is yet available to trace M. bovis isolates circulation at an international scale. Moreover in France, the overall population diversity of M. bovis isolates has not been assessed since the early 1990s. This study was conducted to fill in these gaps. The genotypic diversity between sixty isolates collected in France over the last 35 years was assessed using two molecular subtyping methods that addressed either the long-term epidemiological relationships (Multi Locus Sequence Typing, MLST) or the genetic microvariations (Multiple Locus VNTR Analysis, MLVA) between isolates. Phenotypic diversity was also analyzed by using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to compare the main protein patterns of isolates. All proposed subtyping approaches were optimized and led to the same pattern in the French M. bovis population that consisted of two clusters, the first one comprising isolates collected before 2000 and the second, those collected after 2000. Recent strains were further shown to be more homogeneous than older ones, which is consistent with the spread of a single clone throughout the country. Because this spread was concomitant with the emergence of multiresistant M. bovis isolates, several hypotheses are discussed to explain the homogeneity of M. bovis isolates in France, even though the M. bovis species is fully equipped to generate diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire A M Becker
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, UMR Mycoplasmoses des Ruminants, F-69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France; Anses, Laboratoire de Lyon, UMR Mycoplasmoses des Ruminants, F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
| | - François M Thibault
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, HIA Desgenettes, F-69275 Lyon Cedex 03, France.
| | - Marie-Anne Arcangioli
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, UMR Mycoplasmoses des Ruminants, F-69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France; Anses, Laboratoire de Lyon, UMR Mycoplasmoses des Ruminants, F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
| | - Florence Tardy
- Anses, Laboratoire de Lyon, UMR Mycoplasmoses des Ruminants, F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France; Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, UMR Mycoplasmoses des Ruminants, F-69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France.
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35
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Swai E, Mwezimpya I, Ulicky E, Mbise A, Moshy W. An abattoir survey of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia lesions in slaughtered cattle in selected districts in Northern Tanzania. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 3:303-6. [PMID: 23620855 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(13)60067-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish and estimate incidence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), using abattoir survey as a diagnostic tool in slaughtered cattle in Northern Tanzania. METHODS A total of 4 460 cattle were slaughtered in five abattoirs in 3 northern zone regions (Arusha, Kilimanjaro and Tanga) during the period of January to May 2004. They were examined ante-mortem for 'pneumonia signs', and 'characteristic contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) lung lesions'. RESULTS Forty-one (0.91%) of the slaughtered cattle, the majority of which were Tanzania short horn zebu, had gross lung lesions suggestive of CBPP. The prevalence of lesions was significantly (P<0.05) higher in Karatu abattoir compared to others. No animal was detected to have lesion in Bomang' ombe abattoir. The most observed pneumonic signs included labored breathing (90%), dry cough (57%) and mucopurulent nasal discharge (47%). The gross characteristic CBPP pathological lesion, frequently encountered was left lung lesion (47%), pinkish lung (71%) and pleural adhesion (98%). Epidemiological reports show that the CBPP reported outbreaks increased from 19 in 2002, 65 in 2003 and 18 in 2004 (January-March). The corresponding number of reported deaths increased from 137 in 2002, 269 in 2003 and 77 in 2004 (January-March). CONCLUSIONS It's concluded from this study that CBPP is a problem in spite of the extensive awareness and vaccination campaigns. Nevertheless, a continued surveillance programme including routine checks of all cattle carcasses at the abattoir and subsequent epidemiological investigation of suspected cases are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Swai
- Veterinary Investigation Centre (VIC), Box 1068, Arusha, Tanzania
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36
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Aye R, Mwirigi MK, Frey J, Pilo P, Jores J, Naessens J. Cyto-adherence of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides to bovine lung epithelial cells. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:27. [PMID: 25881067 PMCID: PMC4336739 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0347-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm) is the causative agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), a respiratory disease of cattle, whereas the closely related Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri (Mmc) is a goat pathogen. Cyto-adherence is a crucial step in host colonization by mycoplasmas and subsequent pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the interactions between Mmm and mammalian host cells by establishing a cyto-adherence flow cytometric assay and comparing tissue and species specificity of Mmm and Mmc strains. Results There were little significant differences in the adherence patterns of eight different Mmm strains to adult bovine lung epithelial cells. However, there was statistically significant variation in binding to different host cells types. Highest binding was observed with lung epithelial cells, intermediate binding with endothelial cells and very low binding with fibroblasts, suggesting the presence of effective adherence of Mmm on cells lining the airways of the lung, which is the target organ for this pathogen, possibly by high expression of a specific receptor. However, binding to bovine fetal lung epithelial cells was comparably low; suggesting that the lack of severe pulmonary disease seen in many infected young calves can be explained by reduced expression of a specific receptor. Conclusions Mmm bound with high efficiency to adult bovine lung cells and less efficiently to calves or goat lung cells. The data show that cyto-adherence of Mmm is species- and tissue- specific confirming its role in colonization of the target host and subsequent infection and development of CBPP. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-015-0347-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Racheal Aye
- International Livestock Research Institute, P. O. Box 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | | | - Joachim Frey
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Paola Pilo
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Joerg Jores
- International Livestock Research Institute, P. O. Box 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya. .,Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Jan Naessens
- International Livestock Research Institute, P. O. Box 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
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37
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Global multilocus sequence typing analysis of Mycoplasma bovis isolates reveals two main population clusters. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 53:789-94. [PMID: 25540400 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01910-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis is a major bovine pathogen associated with bovine respiratory disease complex and is responsible for substantial economic losses worldwide. M. bovis is also associated with other clinical presentations in cattle, including mastitis, otitis, arthritis, and reproductive disorders. To gain a better understanding of the genetic diversity of this pathogen, a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme was developed and applied to the characterization of 137 M. bovis isolates from diverse geographical origins, obtained from healthy or clinically infected cattle. After in silico analysis, a final set of 7 housekeeping genes was selected (dnaA, metS, recA, tufA, atpA, rpoD, and tkt). MLST analysis demonstrated the presence of 35 different sequence types (STs) distributed in two main clonal complexes (CCs), defined at the double-locus variant level, namely, CC1, which included most of the British and German isolates, and CC2, which was a more heterogeneous and geographically distant group of isolates, including European, Asian, and Australian samples. Index of association analysis confirmed the clonal nature of the investigated M. bovis population, based on MLST data. This scheme has demonstrated high discriminatory power, with the analysis showing the presence of genetically distant and divergent clusters of isolates predominantly associated with geographical origins.
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38
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Falquet L, Liljander A, Schieck E, Gluecks I, Frey J, Jores J. Complete Genome Sequences of Virulent Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae Strains F38 and ILRI181. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2014; 2:e01041-14. [PMID: 25323717 PMCID: PMC4200155 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01041-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae is a severe epidemic affecting mainly domestic Caprinae species but also affects wild Caprinae species. M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae belongs to the "Mycoplasma mycoides cluster." The disease features prominently in East Africa, in particular Kenya, Tanzania, and Ethiopia. CCPP also endangers wildlife and thus affects not only basic nutritional resources of large populations but also expensively built-up game resorts in affected countries. Here, we report the complete sequences of two M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae strains: the type strain F38 and strain ILRI181 isolated druing a recent outbreak in Kenya. Both genomes have a G+C content of 24% with sizes of 1,016,760 bp and 1,017,183 bp for strains F38 and ILRI181, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Falquet
- Biochemistry Unit, University of Fribourg and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Anne Liljander
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Elise Schieck
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Joachim Frey
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Molecular epidemiology of cases of Mycoplasma californicum infection in Japan. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:7717-24. [PMID: 25281385 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02488-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis due to Mycoplasma californicum is often accompanied by huge economic losses, and the disease spreads very quickly. An appropriate molecular epidemiological analysis is needed to prevent and control infectious disease, but molecular epidemiological analysis methods for M. californicum have not yet been reported. Here we developed a combination of multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) methods, which are common genotyping methods for various bacteria, for M. californicum. The MLVA is based on four interspersed repeat units that were found in the M. californicum genome data. The MLVA using these repeat units showed sufficient discriminatory power for a molecular epidemiological analysis; i.e., a Hunter-Gaston diversity index (HGDI) of 0.949, against M. californicum strains in Japan and M. californicum strain ATCC 33461. The PFGE for M. californicum also showed sufficient discriminatory power, with an HGDI of 0.985. Strain ATCC 33461 showed MLVA profiles and pulsotypes that differed greatly from those of strains from Japan. These results indicate that MLVA and PFGE are good tools for identifying M. californicum transmission events more accurately. Our combined MLVA and PFGE analysis suggests the persistence of M. californicum infection among herds in a specific area for a long period of time, as well as the movement of cows and heifers accompanying the expansion of M. californicum infection. Failure to identify asymptomatic infected cows is suspected as one of the central causes of the present M. californicum infection scenario in Japan.
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Yu Z, Wang T, Sun H, Xia Z, Zhang K, Chu D, Xu Y, Xin Y, Xu W, Cheng K, Zheng X, Huang G, Zhao Y, Yang S, Gao Y, Xia X. Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in endangered Tibetan antelope, China, 2012. Emerg Infect Dis 2014; 19:2051-3. [PMID: 24274020 PMCID: PMC3840868 DOI: 10.3201/eid1912.130067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
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Schieck E, Liljander A, Hamsten C, Gicheru N, Scacchia M, Sacchini F, Heller M, Schnee C, Sterner-Kock A, Hlinak A, Naessens J, Poole J, Persson A, Jores J. High antibody titres against predicted Mycoplasma surface proteins do not prevent sequestration in infected lung tissue in the course of experimental contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. Vet Microbiol 2014; 172:285-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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42
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Rothschild MF, Plastow GS. Applications of genomics to improve livestock in the developing world. Livest Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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43
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Lactase persistence and augmented salivary alpha-amylase gene copy numbers might have been selected by the combined toxic effects of gluten and (food born) pathogens. Med Hypotheses 2014; 82:326-34. [PMID: 24472865 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Various positively selected adaptations to new nutrients have been identified. Lactase persistence is among the best known, conferring the ability for drinking milk at post weaning age. An augmented number of amylase gene (AMY1) copies, giving rise to higher salivary amylase activity, has been implicated in the consumption of starch-rich foods. Higher AMY1 copy numbers have been demonstrated in populations with recent histories of starchy-rich diets. It is however questionable whether the resulting polymorphisms have exerted positive selection only by providing easily available sources of macro and micronutrients. Humans have explored new environments more than any other animal. Novel environments challenge the host, but especially its immune system with new climatic conditions, food and especially pathogens. With the advent of the agricultural revolution and the concurrent domestication of cattle came new pathogens. We contend that specific new food ingredients (e.g., gluten) and novel pathogens drove selection for lactase persistence and higher AMY gene copy numbers. Both adaptations provide ample glucose for activating the sodium glucose-dependent co-transporter 1 (SGLT1), which is the principal glucose, sodium and water transporter in the gastro-intestinal tract. Their rapid uptake confers protection against potentially lethal dehydration, hyponatremia and ultimately multiple organ failure. Oral rehydration therapy aims at SGLT1 activity and is the current treatment of choice for chronic diarrhoea and vomiting. We hypothesize that lifelong lactase activity and rapid starch digestion should be looked at as the evolutionary covalent of oral rehydration therapy.
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Development of an improved vaccine for contagious bovine pleuropneumonia: an African perspective on challenges and proposed actions. Vet Res 2013; 44:122. [PMID: 24359340 PMCID: PMC3910389 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-44-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm) is an economically very important cattle disease in sub-Saharan Africa. CBPP impacts animal health and poverty of livestock-dependent people through decreased animal productivity, reduced food supply, and the cost of control measures. CBPP is a barrier to trade in many African countries and this reduces the value of livestock and the income of many value chain stakeholders. The presence of CBPP also poses a constant threat to CBPP-free countries and creates costs in terms of the measures necessary to ensure the exclusion of disease. This opinion focuses on the biomedical research needed to foster the development of better control measures for CBPP. We suggest that different vaccine development approaches are followed in parallel. Basic immunology studies and systematic OMICs studies will be necessary in order to identify the protective arms of immunity and to shed more light on the pathogenicity mechanisms in CBPP. Moreover a robust challenge model and a close collaboration with African research units will be crucial to foster and implement a new vaccine for the progressive control of this cattle plague.
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Characterization of the in vitro core surface proteome of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides, the causative agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. Vet Microbiol 2013; 168:116-23. [PMID: 24332827 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Revised: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm) is a severe cattle disease, present in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The development of improved diagnostic tests and vaccines for CBPP control remains a research priority. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were used to characterize the Triton X-114 soluble proteome of nine Mmm strains isolated from Europe or Africa. Of a total of 250 proteins detected, 67 were present in all strains investigated. Of these, 44 were predicted to be lipoproteins or cytoplasmic membrane-associated proteins and are thus likely to be members of the core in vitro surface membrane-associated proteome of Mmm. Moreover, the presence of all identified proteins in other ruminant Mycoplasma pathogens were investigated. Two proteins of the core proteome were identified only in other cattle pathogens of the genus Mycoplasma pointing towards a role in host-pathogen interactions. The data generated will facilitate the identification and prioritization of candidate Mycoplasma antigens for improved control measures, as it is likely that surface-exposed membrane proteins will include those that are involved in host-pathogen interactions.
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Zhang J, Kong Y, Feng Y, Huang J, Song T, Ruan Z, Song J, Jiang Y, Yu Y, Xie X. Development of a multilocus sequence typing scheme for Ureaplasma. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 33:537-44. [PMID: 24072679 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-013-1981-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ureaplasma is a commensal of the human urogenital tract but is always associated with invasive diseases such as non-gonococcal urethritis and infertility adverse pregnancy outcomes. To better understand the molecular epidemiology and population structure of Ureaplasma, a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme based on four housekeeping genes (ftsH, rpL22, valS, thrS) was developed and validated using 283 isolates, including 14 serovars of reference strains and 269 strains obtained from clinical patients. A total of 99 sequence types (STs) were revealed: the 14 type strains of the Ureaplasma serovars were assigned to 12 STs, and 87 novel and special STs appeared among the clinical isolates. ST1 and ST22 were the predominant STs, which contained 68 and 70 isolates, respectively. Two clonal lineages (CC1 and CC2) were shown by eBURST analysis, and linkage disequilibrium was revealed through a standardized index of association (I A (S)). The neighbor-joining tree results of 14 Ureaplasma serovars showed two genetically significantly distant clusters, which was highly congruent with the species taxonomy of ureaplasmas [Ureaplasma parvum (UPA) and Ureaplasma urealyticum (UUR)]. Analysis of the biotypes of 269 clinical isolates revealed that all the isolates of CC1 were UPA and those of CC2 were UUR. Additionally, CC2 was found more often in symptomatic patients with vaginitis, tubal obstruction, and cervicitis. In conclusion, this MLST scheme is adequate for investigations of molecular epidemiology and population structure with highly discriminating capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
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Jores J, Fischer A, Sirand-Pugnet P, Thomann A, Liebler-Tenorio EM, Schnee C, Santana-Cruz I, Heller M, Frey J. Mycoplasma feriruminatoris sp. nov., a fast growing Mycoplasma species isolated from wild Caprinae. Syst Appl Microbiol 2013; 36:533-8. [PMID: 24016869 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Five Mycoplasma strains from wild Caprinae were analyzed: four from Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) which died at the Berlin Zoo between 1993 and 1994, one from a Rocky Mountain goat collected in the USA prior to 1987. These five strains represented a population different from the populations belonging to the 'Mycoplasma mycoides cluster' as tested using multi locus sequence typing, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene (rrs), genomic sequence based in silico as well as laboratory DNA-DNA hybridization, and the analysis of phenotypic traits in particular their exceptionally rapid growth all confirmed that they do not belong to any Mycoplasma species described to date. We therefore suggest these strains represent a novel species, for which we propose the name Mycoplasma feriruminatoris sp. nov. The type strain is G5847(T) (=DSM 26019(T)=NCTC 13622(T)) [corrected].
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Jores
- International Livestock Research Institute, PO Box 30709, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya.
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Mycoplasmas and their host: emerging and re-emerging minimal pathogens. Trends Microbiol 2013; 21:196-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Genome Sequence of Mycoplasma feriruminatoris sp. nov., a Fast-Growing Mycoplasma Species. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2013; 1:genomeA00216-12. [PMID: 23469346 PMCID: PMC3587940 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00216-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Members of the "Mycoplasma mycoides cluster" represent important livestock pathogens worldwide. We report the genome sequence of Mycoplasma feriruminatoris sp. nov., the closest relative to the "Mycoplasma mycoides cluster" and the fastest-growing Mycoplasma species described to date.
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Studer N, Frey J, Vanden Bergh P. Clustering subspecies of Aeromonas salmonicida using IS630 typing. BMC Microbiol 2013; 13:36. [PMID: 23406017 PMCID: PMC3608246 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The insertion element IS630 found in Aeromonas salmonicida belongs to the IS630-Tc1-mariner superfamily of transposons. It is present in multiple copies and represents approximately half of the IS present in the genome of A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida A449. Results By using High Copy Number IS630 Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (HCN-IS630-RFLP), strains of various subspecies of Aeromonas salmonicida showed conserved or clustering patterns, thus allowing their differentiation from each other. Fingerprints of A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida showed the highest homogeneity while ‘atypical’ A. salmonicida strains were more heterogeneous. IS630 typing also differentiated A. salmonicida from other Aeromonas species. The copy number of IS630 in Aeromonas salmonicida ranges from 8 to 35 and is much lower in other Aeromonas species. Conclusions HCN-IS630-RFLP is a powerful tool for subtyping of A. salmonicida. The high stability of IS630 insertions in A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida indicates that it might have played a role in pathoadaptation of A. salmonicida which has reached an optimal configuration in the highly virulent and specific fish pathogen A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Studer
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, Bern, Switzerland
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