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Ardizzoia A, Jemma A, Redaelli S, Silva M, Bentivegna A, Lavitrano M, Conconi D. AhRR and PPP1R3C: Potential Prognostic Biomarkers for Serous Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11455. [PMID: 37511212 PMCID: PMC10380391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of effective screening and successful treatment contributes to high ovarian cancer mortality, making it the second most common cause of gynecologic cancer death. Development of chemoresistance in up to 75% of patients is the cause of a poor treatment response and reduced survival. Therefore, identifying potential and effective biomarkers for its diagnosis and prognosis is a strong critical need. Copy number alterations are frequent in cancer, and relevant for molecular tumor stratification and patients' prognoses. In this study, array-CGH analysis was performed in three cell lines and derived cancer stem cells (CSCs) to identify genes potentially predictive for ovarian cancer patients' prognoses. Bioinformatic analyses of genes involved in copy number gains revealed that AhRR and PPP1R3C expression negatively correlated with ovarian cancer patients' overall and progression-free survival. These results, together with a significant association between AhRR and PPP1R3C expression and ovarian cancer stemness markers, suggested their potential role in CSCs. Furthermore, AhRR and PPP1R3C's increased expression was maintained in some CSC subpopulations, reinforcing their potential role in ovarian cancer. In conclusion, we reported for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a prognostic role of AhRR and PPP1R3C expression in serous ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Donatella Conconi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (A.A.); (A.J.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (A.B.); (M.L.)
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2
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Insights into the Peritumoural Brain Zone of Glioblastoma: CDK4 and EXT2 May Be Potential Drivers of Malignancy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032835. [PMID: 36769158 PMCID: PMC9917451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the efforts made in recent decades, glioblastoma is still the deadliest primary brain cancer without cure. The potential role in tumour maintenance and progression of the peritumoural brain zone (PBZ), the apparently normal area surrounding the tumour, has emerged. Little is known about this area due to a lack of common definition and due to difficult sampling related to the functional role of peritumoural healthy brain. The aim of this work was to better characterize the PBZ and to identify genes that may have role in its malignant transformation. Starting from our previous study on the comparison of the genomic profiles of matched tumour core and PBZ biopsies, we selected CDK4 and EXT2 as putative malignant drivers of PBZ. The gene expression analysis confirmed their over-expression in PBZ, similarly to what happens in low-grade glioma and glioblastoma, and CDK4 high levels seem to negatively influence patient overall survival. The prognostic role of CDK4 and EXT2 was further confirmed by analysing the TCGA cohort and bioinformatics prediction on their gene networks and protein-protein interactions. These preliminary data constitute a good premise for future investigations on the possible role of CDK4 and EXT2 in the malignant transformation of PBZ.
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Litviakov NV, Ibragimova MK, Tsyganov MM, Doroshenko AV, Garbukov EY, Slonimskaya EM. Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Induces the Appearance of New Copy Number Aberrations in Breast Tumor and is Associated with Metastasis. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 20:681-688. [PMID: 31577208 DOI: 10.2174/1568009620666200506104523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we examined the CNA-genetic landscape (CNA - copy number aberration) of breast cancer prior to and following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and correlated changes in the tumor landscape with chemotherapy efficiency as well as metastasis-free survival. OBJECTIVE Breast cancer patients (n = 30) with luminal B molecular subtypes were treated with anthracycline- based therapy. METHODS To study CNAs in breast tumors, microarray analysis was performed. RESULTS Three effects of NAC on tumor CNA landscape were identified: 1 - the number of CNAbearing tumor clones decreased following NAC; 2 - there were no alterations in the number of CNAcontaining clones after NAC; 3 - the treatment with NAC increased the number of CNA-bearing clones (new clones appeared). All NAC-treated patients who had new tumor clones with amplification (20%) had a 100% likelihood of metastasis formation. In these cases, NAC contributed to the emergence of potential metastatic clones. Our study identified the following loci - 5p, 6p, 7q, 8q, 9p, 10p, 10q22.1, 13q, 16p, 18Chr and 19p - that were amplified during the treatment with NAC and maybe the markers of potential metastatic clones. In other patients who showed total or partial elimination of CNA-bearing cell clones, no new amplification clones were observed after NAC, and no evidence of metastases was found with follow-up for 5 years (р = 0.00000). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the main therapeutic result from NAC is the elimination of potential metastatic clones present in the tumor before treatment. The results showed the necessity of an intelligent approach to NAC to avoid metastasis stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai V Litviakov
- Laboratory of Oncovirology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russia Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Marina K Ibragimova
- Laboratory of Oncovirology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russia Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Matvey M Tsyganov
- Laboratory of Oncovirology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russia Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Artem V Doroshenko
- Department of General Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russia Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Eugeniy Y Garbukov
- Department of General Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russia Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Elena M Slonimskaya
- Department of General Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russia Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russian Federation
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Huang Q, Carrio-Cordo P, Gao B, Paloots R, Baudis M. The Progenetix oncogenomic resource in 2021. Database (Oxford) 2021; 2021:baab043. [PMID: 34272855 PMCID: PMC8285936 DOI: 10.1093/database/baab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In cancer, copy number aberrations (CNAs) represent a type of nearly ubiquitous and frequently extensive structural genome variations. To disentangle the molecular mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis as well as identify and characterize molecular subtypes, the comparative and meta-analysis of large genomic variant collections can be of immense importance. Over the last decades, cancer genomic profiling projects have resulted in a large amount of somatic genome variation profiles, however segregated in a multitude of individual studies and datasets. The Progenetix project, initiated in 2001, curates individual cancer CNA profiles and associated metadata from published oncogenomic studies and data repositories with the aim to empower integrative analyses spanning all different cancer biologies. During the last few years, the fields of genomics and cancer research have seen significant advancement in terms of molecular genetics technology, disease concepts, data standard harmonization as well as data availability, in an increasingly structured and systematic manner. For the Progenetix resource, continuous data integration, curation and maintenance have resulted in the most comprehensive representation of cancer genome CNA profiling data with 138 663 (including 115 357 tumor) copy number variation (CNV) profiles. In this article, we report a 4.5-fold increase in sample number since 2013, improvements in data quality, ontology representation with a CNV landscape summary over 51 distinctive National Cancer Institute Thesaurus cancer terms as well as updates in database schemas, and data access including new web front-end and programmatic data access. Database URL: progenetix.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyao Huang
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Paula Carrio-Cordo
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Rahel Paloots
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Michael Baudis
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
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Salgado D, Armean IM, Baudis M, Beltran S, Capella-Gutierrez S, Carvalho-Silva D, Dominguez Del Angel V, Dopazo J, Furlong LI, Gao B, Garcia L, Gerloff D, Gut I, Gyenesei A, Habermann N, Hancock JM, Hanauer M, Hovig E, Johansson LF, Keane T, Korbel J, Lauer KB, Laurie S, Leskošek B, Lloyd D, Marques-Bonet T, Mei H, Monostory K, Piñero J, Poterlowicz K, Rath A, Samarakoon P, Sanz F, Saunders G, Sie D, Swertz MA, Tsukanov K, Valencia A, Vidak M, Yenyxe González C, Ylstra B, Béroud C. The ELIXIR Human Copy Number Variations Community: building bioinformatics infrastructure for research. F1000Res 2020; 9. [PMID: 34367618 PMCID: PMC8311797 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.24887.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Copy number variations (CNVs) are major causative contributors both in the genesis of genetic diseases and human neoplasias. While “High-Throughput” sequencing technologies are increasingly becoming the primary choice for genomic screening analysis, their ability to efficiently detect CNVs is still heterogeneous and remains to be developed. The aim of this white paper is to provide a guiding framework for the future contributions of ELIXIR’s recently established
human CNV Community, with implications beyond human disease diagnostics and population genomics. This white paper is the direct result of a strategy meeting that took place in September 2018 in Hinxton (UK) and involved representatives of 11 ELIXIR Nodes. The meeting led to the definition of priority objectives and tasks, to address a wide range of CNV-related challenges ranging from detection and interpretation to sharing and training. Here, we provide suggestions on how to align these tasks within the ELIXIR Platforms strategy, and on how to frame the activities of this new ELIXIR Community in the international context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irina M Armean
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Michael Baudis
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sergi Beltran
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 4, Barcelona 08028, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Capella-Gutierrez
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish National Bioinformatics Institute (INB)/ELIXIR-ES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Denise Carvalho-Silva
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.,Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SD, UK
| | | | - Joaquin Dopazo
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud, CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Laura I Furlong
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leyla Garcia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.,ZB MED Information Centre for Life Sciences, Cologne, Germany.,ELIXIR Hub, Hinxton, UK
| | - Dietlind Gerloff
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Ivo Gut
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 4, Barcelona 08028, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Attila Gyenesei
- Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Nina Habermann
- Genome Biology, European Molecular Biological Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Eivind Hovig
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lennart F Johansson
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Keane
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Jan Korbel
- Genome Biology, European Molecular Biological Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Steve Laurie
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 4, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Brane Leskošek
- Faculty of Medicine - ELIXIR Slovenia, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Tomas Marques-Bonet
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hailiang Mei
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Katalin Monostory
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Janet Piñero
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Pubudu Samarakoon
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ferran Sanz
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Daoud Sie
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Morris A Swertz
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kirill Tsukanov
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Alfonso Valencia
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish National Bioinformatics Institute (INB)/ELIXIR-ES, Barcelona, Spain.,Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marko Vidak
- Faculty of Medicine - ELIXIR Slovenia, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Cristina Yenyxe González
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Bauke Ylstra
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christophe Béroud
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, Marseille, France.,Département de Génétique Médicale et de Biologie Cellulaire, APHM, Hôpital d'enfants de la Timone, 13385 Marseille, France
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Breast tumour cell subpopulations with expression of the MYC and OCT4 proteins. J Mol Histol 2020; 51:717-728. [PMID: 33037978 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09917-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The MYC and OCT4 genes are known factors associated with maintaining pluripotency and are linked with a more aggressive course, progression, and resistance to therapy in cancer. Determining the subpopulations of tumour cells expressing the Myc and Oct4 proteins will provide an opportunity to understand which tumour cell subpopulations expressing MYC and OCT4 are associated with metastasis and resistance and which subpopulations can be targeted by anti-MYC and anti-OCT4 therapy. The study included paraffin-embedded tissue from tumours from 27 patients with luminal B breast cancer obtained after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Immunofluorescence staining was used to identify subpopulations of tumour cells expressing Myc, Oct4 and Snai2 (Opal™ 7-Color Kit (PerkinElmer, Hopkinton, MA). The following tumour cell subpopulations were identified with the Myc and Oct4 proteins and the Snai2 EMT marker: stem/progenitor tumour cells with/without Myc, Oct4 or Snai2 expression; differentiated tumour cells with/without Myc, Oct4 or Snai2 expression; and other nontumour cells (CK7-EpCAM-CD44+/-Myc+/-(Oct4, Snai2)+/-) within the inflammatory infiltrate in the tumour parenchyma and stroma. The circulating tumour cell subpopulations with Oct4 protein expression in the bloodstream were studied by flow cytometry. It was found that in patients with partial regression (PR) in response to NACT, the frequency of tumour stem cells was 3.6-fold increased (p = 0.038) in the non-EMT state (CK7+EpCam+CD44+Snai2-). In patients with metastases, there was a statistically significant 2.5-fold increase in the frequency of differentiated tumour cells with Myc expression (CK7+EpCam+CD44-Myc+) and a 2.7-fold increase in the frequency of cells with Oct4 expression (CK7+EpCam+CD44-OCT4+). In the next stage, the frequencies of subpopulations with expression of the Oct4 protein and signs of EMT among circulating tumour cells (CTCs) were determined. In patients with metastases, the frequency of tumour stem cells in the EMT state (CD326+CD44+CD24-CD325+) (p = 0.015) was more than fourfold increased, and the frequency of progenitor tumour cells with expression of the Oct4 stem protein (CD326+CD44+CD24+Oct4+) (p = 0.016) was almost sixfold higher than that in patients without metastases. Nonstem (differentiated) tumour cells with expression of the stemness proteins Myc and Oct4 were present in the breast tumour. Their content was significantly higher in residual tumours after NACT in patients who subsequently developed metastases compared with that in patients without metastases. Such cells are a new in situ marker of metastasis.
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Litviakov N, Ibragimova M, Tsyganov M, Kazantseva P, Deryusheva I, Pevzner A, Doroshenko A, Garbukov E, Tarabanovskaya N, Slonimskaya E. Amplifications of stemness genes and the capacity of breast tumors for metastasis. Oncotarget 2020; 11:1988-2001. [PMID: 32523653 PMCID: PMC7260118 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The phenomenon of non-CSC (cancer stem cell) to CSC plasticity has been previously described in multiple studies and occurs during the ectopic expression of stemness genes such as OCT3, SOX2, KLF4, MYC, NOTCH1, and NANOG. In our opinion, acquiring the ability to ectopically express stemness genes, selected by bioinformatics analysis and, accordingly, non-CSC to CSC plasticity, is due to amplification of genes at the following locations: 3q, 5p, 6p, 7q, 8q, 13q, 9p, 9q, 10p, 10q21.1, 16p, 18chr, 19p. This paper demonstrates the significance of stemness gene amplifications leading to metastasis and stem-like cancer cell activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS In our studies, stemness gene amplifications were determined using the CytoScan HD Array. We studied the association of changes in stemness gene amplifications in tumors with metastasis treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in 50 patients with breast cancer. We used qPCR to evaluate the expression of 13 stemness genes in tumors before and after NAC in 98 patients with breast cancer. Using primary cultures from the breast tumor of patient St23784/17 with stemness gene amplifications (SOX2, MYC, KLF4, NOTCH1, NODAL) and patient Ti41749/17 without stemness gene amplifications in the tumor, we studied the expression of stemness genes, proliferative tumor stem-cell activity, mammosphere formation, and expression of the CD44 tumor stem cell marker. RESULTS The occurrence of amplifications at regions of stemness gene localization during NAC (22% cases) in residual tumors was associated with a very high metastasis rate (91% cases). Eliminating tumor clones with stemness gene amplifications using NAC (42% cases) led to 100% metastasis-free survival. In patients who developed hematogenic metastases after treatment, the expression of 7/13 stemness genes in the residual tumor after NAC was statistically higher than in patients without metastases. Primary cultures of EpCam+ tumor cells from patients with stemness gene amplifications revealed high proliferative activity. After the 3rd passage, the number of tumor cells increased 30-fold. Due to IL-6, this cell population showed a 2.5-fold increase in the EpCam+CD44hiCD24-/low and 2-fold decrease in the EpCam+CD44lowCD24- subpopulations of tumor stem cells; the formation of mammospheres was also observed. Primary cultures of EpCam+ tumor cells from the patient with no stemness gene amplifications had relatively low proliferative activity. IL-6 caused a 2.3-fold increase in the EpCam+CD44lowCD24- and 2-fold decrease in the EpCam+CD44hiCD24-/low subpopulations of tumor stem cells with no induction of mammospheres. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show that stemness gene amplifications in tumor cells are associated with metastasis and determine their potential stem property activation and non-CSC to CSC plasticity with the formation of EpCam+CD44hiCD24-/low cells, active proliferation, mammosphere formation, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Litviakov
- Laboratory of Oncovirology, Cancer Research Institute Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk, Russia.,Biological Institute of National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Marina Ibragimova
- Laboratory of Oncovirology, Cancer Research Institute Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk, Russia.,Biological Institute of National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Matvey Tsyganov
- Laboratory of Oncovirology, Cancer Research Institute Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Polina Kazantseva
- Department of General Oncology, Cancer Research Institute Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Irina Deryusheva
- Laboratory of Oncovirology, Cancer Research Institute Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alina Pevzner
- Laboratory of Oncovirology, Cancer Research Institute Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Artem Doroshenko
- Department of General Oncology, Cancer Research Institute Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Eugeny Garbukov
- Department of General Oncology, Cancer Research Institute Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk, Russia
| | | | - Elena Slonimskaya
- Department of General Oncology, Cancer Research Institute Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk, Russia.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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Changes in the genetic landscape during the malignization of high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion into cervical cancer. Curr Probl Cancer 2020; 44:100567. [PMID: 32201051 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2020.100567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In 5 patients, a change in the genetic landscape from HPV16 positive high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) to squamous cervical cancer was traced, which occurred in these patients within the period from 7 months to 5 years after diagnosing HSIL. MATERIALS AND METHODS The DNA from paraffin blocks of dysplasia tissue and the tumor that emerged afterwards was used for the study, which was analyzed using the OncoScan FFPE microarray Assay Kit Affymetrix (USA) for genome-wide determination of gene abundance and 65 key somatic driver mutations of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. RESULTS In the study of HSIL material, somatic mutations were observed in 4/5 cases, 18 different somatic driver mutations of the NRAS, EGFR, BRAF, KRAS, IDH2 oncogenes and TP53 suppressor genes were found and almost no CNA-Copy Number Aberration was identified. HSIL malignization is associated with the appearance of secondary driver mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes and a large number of structural and numerical CNA, the frequency of which correlates with the time of dysplasia malignization into cancer with a very high correlation coefficient r = 0.98, P = 0.004. The trees of dysplasia evolution into tumor were constructed for each patient. CONCLUSION According to the results of the work, it is assumed that the initiation of the development of mucosa dysplastic changes is due to primary driver mutations. The formation of secondary driver mutations and CNA are genetic mechanisms of malignant transformation, while the scenarios of the evolution of dysplasia into a tumor are individual and very diverse.
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9
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Enabling population assignment from cancer genomes with SNP2pop. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4846. [PMID: 32179800 PMCID: PMC7075896 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61854-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In many cancers, incidence, treatment efficacy and overall prognosis vary between geographic populations. Studies disentangling the contributing factors may help in both understanding cancer biology and tailoring therapeutic interventions. Ancestry estimation in such studies should preferably be driven by genomic data, due to frequently missing or erroneous self-reported or inferred metadata. While respective algorithms have been demonstrated for baseline genomes, such a strategy has not been shown for cancer genomes carrying a substantial somatic mutation load. We have developed a bioinformatics tool for the assignment of population groups from genome profiling data for both unaltered and cancer genomes. Despite extensive somatic mutations in the cancer genomes, consistency between germline and cancer data reached of 97% and 92% for assignment into 5 and 26 ancestral groups, respectively. Comparison with self-reported meta-data estimated a matching rate between 88-92%, mostly limited by interpretation of self-reported ethnicity labels compared to the standardized mapping output. Our SNP2pop application allows to assess population information from SNP arrays as well as sequencing platforms and to estimate the population structure in cancer genomics projects, to facilitate research into the interplay between ethnicity-related genetic background, environmental factors and somatic mutation patterns in cancer biology.
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10
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Edwards LA, Kim S, Madany M, Nuno M, Thomas T, Li A, Berel D, Lee BS, Liu M, Black KL, Fan X, Zhang W, Yu JS. ZEB1 Is a Transcription Factor That Is Prognostic and Predictive in Diffuse Gliomas. Front Neurol 2019; 9:1199. [PMID: 30705664 PMCID: PMC6345215 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.01199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To address the unmet medical need to better prognosticate patients with diffuse gliomas and to predict responses to chemotherapy regimens. Methods: ZEB1 alterations were retrospectively identified from a cohort of 1,160 diffuse glioma patients. Epigenome-wide association scans (EWAS) were performed on available data. We determined the utility of ZEB1 as a prognostic indicator of patient survival in diffuse gliomas and assessed the value of ZEB1 to predict the efficacy of treating diffuse glioma patients with procarbazine, CCNU, and vincristine along with radiation at diagnosis. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to determine if ZEB1 added benefit to clinical decision-making over and above conventional methods. Results: Fifteen percent of diffuse glioma patients had a ZEB1 deletion. ZEB1 deletion was associated with poor overall survival (OS) with and without adjustment for age and tumor grade (adjusted HR: 4.25; 95% CI: 2.35 to 7.66; P < 0.001). Decision curve analysis confirmed that ZEB1 status with or without IDH1 was more beneficial to clinical decision making than conventional information such as age and tumor grade. We showed that ZEB1 regulates TERT expression, and patients with ZEB1 deletions likely subsume patients with mutant TERT expression in diffuse gliomas. ZEB1 influenced clinical decision making to initiate procarbazine, CCNU, and vincristine treatment. Conclusion: We demonstrate the prognostic value of ZEB1 in diffuse glioma patients. We further determine ZEB1 to be a vital and influential molecular marker in clinical decisions that exceed conventional methods regarding whether to treat or not treat patients with diffuse glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lincoln A Edwards
- Neurosurgery Department, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sungjin Kim
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mecca Madany
- Neurosurgery Department, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Miriam Nuno
- Neurosurgery Department, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tom Thomas
- Neurosurgery Department, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Aiguo Li
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dror Berel
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Bong-Sup Lee
- Neurosurgery Department, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Minzhi Liu
- Neurosurgery Department, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Keith L Black
- Neurosurgery Department, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Xuemo Fan
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - John S Yu
- Neurosurgery Department, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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11
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Liao M, Liu Q, Li B, Liao W, Xie W, Zhang Y. A group of long noncoding RNAs identified by data mining can predict the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:4033-4044. [PMID: 30290038 PMCID: PMC6272079 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) are reported to be potential cancer biomarkers. This study aims to find new lncRNA biomarker relevant to lung adenocarcinoma. Gene expression profile and clinical data of lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma patients were downloaded from the UCSC Xena database. These data were analyzed to identify potential lncRNA prognostic biomarkers, and the candidate lncRNAs were analyzed and verified with association analysis, meta-analysis, survival analysis, gene ontology analysis, gene set enrichment analysis, and other statistical methods. A group of 5 lncRNAs was identified from the 1965 differentially expressed (fold-change >2) genes. Four of these 5 lncRNAs were expressed at a lower level in lung adenocarcinoma tissues and the other one at a higher level (P < .0001). A risk score model was constructed using a linear combination of the expression levels of these lncRNAs. High-risk patients showed poorer overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.67-3.06, P < .0001), disease-free survival (HR = 1.84; 95% CI, 1.26-2.35, P = .0007), and recurrence-free survival (HR = 1.51; 95% CI, 1.02-2.40, P = .04). The 5-fold cross-validation and subsequent meta-analysis further verified that patients in the low-risk group had better survival (95% CI, 0.74-1.79, Z = 4.72, P < .00001). Furthermore, both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that the prognostic value of these 5 lncRNAs was independent of other clinical prognostic factors. Further analysis indicated that these 5 lncRNAs might be associated with tumor metastasis. Taken together, our study suggests new prognostic lncRNA biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijian Liao
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory in Health Science and Technology, Division of Life Science and Health, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qing Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory in Health Science and Technology, Division of Life Science and Health, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory in Health Science and Technology, Division of Life Science and Health, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weijie Liao
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory in Health Science and Technology, Division of Life Science and Health, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weidong Xie
- Key Laboratory in Health Science and Technology, Division of Life Science and Health, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.,Open FIESTA Center, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaou Zhang
- Key Laboratory in Health Science and Technology, Division of Life Science and Health, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.,Open FIESTA Center, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
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12
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Litviakov N, Tsyganov M, Larionova I, Ibragimova M, Deryusheva I, Kazantseva P, Slonimskaya E, Frolova I, Choinzonov E, Cherdyntseva N, Kzhyshkowska J. Expression of M2 macrophage markers YKL-39 and CCL18 in breast cancer is associated with the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2018; 82:99-109. [PMID: 29728799 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-018-3594-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE High activity of enzyme TOP2a in tumor cells is known to be associated with sensitivity to anthracycline chemotherapy, but 20% of such patients do not show clinical response. Tumor microenvironment, including tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), is an essential factor defining the efficiency of chemotherapy. In the present study, we analyzed the expression of M2 macrophage markers, YKL-39 and CCL18, in tumors of breast cancer patients received anthracycline-based NAC. METHODS Patients were divided into two groups according to the level of doxorubicin sensitivity marker TOP2a: DOX-Sense and DOX-Res groups. Expression levels of TOR2a, CD68, YKL-39 and CCL18 genes were analyzed by qPCR, the amplification of TOR2a gene locus was assessed by the microarray assay. Clinical and pathological responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy were assessed. RESULTS We found that the average level of TOP2a expression in patients of DOX-Sense group was almost 10 times higher than in patients of DOX-Res group, and the expression of CD68 was 3 times higher in the DOX-Sense group compared to DOX-Res group. We demonstrated that expression levels of M2-derived cytokines but not the amount of TAM is indicative for clinical and pathological chemotherapy efficacy in breast cancer patients. Out of 8 patients from DOX-Sense group who did not respond to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), 7 patients had M2+ macrophage phenotype (YKL-39+CCL18- or YKL-39-CCL18+) and only one patient had M2- macrophage phenotype (YKL-39-CCL18-). In DOX-Res group, out of 14 patients who clinically responded to NAC 9 patients had M2- phenotype and only 5 patients had M2+ macrophage phenotype. Among pathological non-responders in DOX-Sense group, 19 (82%) patients had M2+ tumor phenotype and only 4 (18%) patients had M2- phenotype. In DOX-Res group, all 5 patients who pathologically responded to NAC had M2 phenotype (YKL-39-CCL18-). Unlike the clinical response to NAC, the differences in the frequency of M2+ and M2- phenotypes between pathologically responding and non-responding patients within DOX-Sense and DOX-Res groups were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Thus, we showed that in patients with breast cancer who received anthracycline-containing NAC the absence of clinical response is associated with the presence of M2+ macrophage phenotype (YKL-39-CCL18 + or YKL-39 + CCL18-) based on TOP2a overexpression data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Litviakov
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Per. Kooperativny, 5, 634050, Tomsk, Russia.,Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Pr. Lenina, 36, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Matvey Tsyganov
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Per. Kooperativny, 5, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Irina Larionova
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Per. Kooperativny, 5, 634050, Tomsk, Russia.,Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Pr. Lenina, 36, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Marina Ibragimova
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Per. Kooperativny, 5, 634050, Tomsk, Russia.,Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Pr. Lenina, 36, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Irina Deryusheva
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Per. Kooperativny, 5, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Polina Kazantseva
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Per. Kooperativny, 5, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Elena Slonimskaya
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Per. Kooperativny, 5, 634050, Tomsk, Russia.,Siberian State Medical University, Moskovskii Trakt, 2, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Irina Frolova
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Per. Kooperativny, 5, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Eugeniy Choinzonov
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Per. Kooperativny, 5, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Cherdyntseva
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Per. Kooperativny, 5, 634050, Tomsk, Russia.,Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Pr. Lenina, 36, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Julia Kzhyshkowska
- Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Pr. Lenina, 36, 634050, Tomsk, Russia. .,Department of Innate Immunity and Tolerance, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany. .,German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Friedrich-Ebert Str. 107, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
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13
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Kresoja-Rakic J, Kapaklikaya E, Ziltener G, Dalcher D, Santoro R, Christensen BC, Johnson KC, Schwaller B, Weder W, Stahel RA, Felley-Bosco E. Identification of cis- and trans-acting elements regulating calretinin expression in mesothelioma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:21272-86. [PMID: 26848772 PMCID: PMC5008284 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Calretinin (CALB2) is a diagnostic marker for epithelioid mesothelioma. It is also a prognostic marker since patients with tumors expressing high calretinin levels have better overall survival. Silencing of calretinin decreases viability of epithelioid mesothelioma cells. Our aim was to elucidate mechanisms regulating calretinin expression in mesothelioma. Analysis of calretinin transcript and protein suggested a control at the mRNA level. Treatment with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine and analysis of TCGA data indicated that promoter methylation is not likely to be involved. Therefore, we investigated CALB2 promoter by analyzing ~1kb of genomic sequence surrounding the transcription start site (TSS) + 1 using promoter reporter assay. Deletion analysis of CALB2 proximal promoter showed that sequence spanning the −161/+80bp region sustained transcriptional activity. Site-directed analysis identified important cis-regulatory elements within this −161/+80bp CALB2 promoter. EMSA and ChIP assays confirmed binding of NRF-1 and E2F2 to the CALB2 promoter and siRNA knockdown of NRF-1 led to decreased expression of calretinin. Cell synchronization experiment showed that calretinin expression was cell cycle regulated with a peak of expression at G1/S phase. This study provides the first insight in the regulation of CALB2 expression in mesothelioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Kresoja-Rakic
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Clinic of Oncology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Esra Kapaklikaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Clinic of Oncology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Ziltener
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Clinic of Oncology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Damian Dalcher
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Raffaella Santoro
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Brock C Christensen
- Departments of Epidemiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology and Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Kevin C Johnson
- Departments of Epidemiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology and Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Beat Schwaller
- Anatomy, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Walter Weder
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rolf A Stahel
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Clinic of Oncology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Emanuela Felley-Bosco
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Clinic of Oncology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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14
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Mackay A, Burford A, Carvalho D, Izquierdo E, Fazal-Salom J, Taylor KR, Bjerke L, Clarke M, Vinci M, Nandhabalan M, Temelso S, Popov S, Molinari V, Raman P, Waanders AJ, Han HJ, Gupta S, Marshall L, Zacharoulis S, Vaidya S, Mandeville HC, Bridges LR, Martin AJ, Al-Sarraj S, Chandler C, Ng HK, Li X, Mu K, Trabelsi S, Brahim DHB, Kisljakov AN, Konovalov DM, Moore AS, Carcaboso AM, Sunol M, de Torres C, Cruz O, Mora J, Shats LI, Stavale JN, Bidinotto LT, Reis RM, Entz-Werle N, Farrell M, Cryan J, Crimmins D, Caird J, Pears J, Monje M, Debily MA, Castel D, Grill J, Hawkins C, Nikbakht H, Jabado N, Baker SJ, Pfister SM, Jones DTW, Fouladi M, von Bueren AO, Baudis M, Resnick A, Jones C. Integrated Molecular Meta-Analysis of 1,000 Pediatric High-Grade and Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma. Cancer Cell 2017; 32:520-537.e5. [PMID: 28966033 PMCID: PMC5637314 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 660] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We collated data from 157 unpublished cases of pediatric high-grade glioma and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma and 20 publicly available datasets in an integrated analysis of >1,000 cases. We identified co-segregating mutations in histone-mutant subgroups including loss of FBXW7 in H3.3G34R/V, TOP3A rearrangements in H3.3K27M, and BCOR mutations in H3.1K27M. Histone wild-type subgroups are refined by the presence of key oncogenic events or methylation profiles more closely resembling lower-grade tumors. Genomic aberrations increase with age, highlighting the infant population as biologically and clinically distinct. Uncommon pathway dysregulation is seen in small subsets of tumors, further defining the molecular diversity of the disease, opening up avenues for biological study and providing a basis for functionally defined future treatment stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Mackay
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Anna Burford
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Diana Carvalho
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Elisa Izquierdo
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Janat Fazal-Salom
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Kathryn R Taylor
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Department of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lynn Bjerke
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Matthew Clarke
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Mara Vinci
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Meera Nandhabalan
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Sara Temelso
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Sergey Popov
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Department of Cellular Pathology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Valeria Molinari
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Pichai Raman
- The Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D(3)b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Angela J Waanders
- The Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D(3)b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Harry J Han
- The Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D(3)b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Saumya Gupta
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lynley Marshall
- Pediatric Oncology Drug Development Team, Children and Young People's Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, UK
| | - Stergios Zacharoulis
- Pediatric Oncology Drug Development Team, Children and Young People's Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, UK
| | - Sucheta Vaidya
- Pediatric Oncology Drug Development Team, Children and Young People's Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, UK
| | | | - Leslie R Bridges
- Department of Cellular Pathology, St George's Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Andrew J Martin
- Department of Neurosurgery, St George's Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Safa Al-Sarraj
- Department of Neuropathology, Kings College Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Ho-Keung Ng
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xingang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kun Mu
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Saoussen Trabelsi
- Department of Cytogenetics and Reproductive Biology, Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Dorra H'mida-Ben Brahim
- Department of Cytogenetics and Reproductive Biology, Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Alexei N Kisljakov
- Department of Pathology, Morozov Children's Hospital, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry M Konovalov
- Department of Pathology, Dmitrii Rogachev Research and Clinical Centre of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Andrew S Moore
- UQ Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Oncology Services Group, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Australia; The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Mariona Sunol
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ofelia Cruz
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Mora
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ludmila I Shats
- Division of Oncology, Pediatric Oncology and Radiotherapy, St Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - João N Stavale
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas T Bidinotto
- Molecular Oncology Research Centre, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui M Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Centre, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal and ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Natacha Entz-Werle
- Pédiatrie Onco-Hématologie - Pédiatrie III, Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michael Farrell
- Histopathology Department, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jane Cryan
- Histopathology Department, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Darach Crimmins
- Department of Neurosurgery, Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Caird
- Department of Neurosurgery, Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jane Pears
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michelle Monje
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marie-Anne Debily
- Département de Cancerologie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Institut Gustav Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - David Castel
- Département de Cancerologie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Institut Gustav Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Jacques Grill
- Département de Cancerologie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Institut Gustav Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Cynthia Hawkins
- Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hamid Nikbakht
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nada Jabado
- The Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D(3)b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Suzanne J Baker
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Hopp-Children's Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David T W Jones
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Hopp-Children's Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maryam Fouladi
- Department of Pediatrics, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - André O von Bueren
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Pediatrics, CANSEARCH Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michael Baudis
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Adam Resnick
- The Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D(3)b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chris Jones
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
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15
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Tebel K, Boldt V, Steininger A, Port M, Ebert G, Ullmann R. GenomeCAT: a versatile tool for the analysis and integrative visualization of DNA copy number variants. BMC Bioinformatics 2017; 18:19. [PMID: 28061750 PMCID: PMC5217618 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-016-1430-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The analysis of DNA copy number variants (CNV) has increasing impact in the field of genetic diagnostics and research. However, the interpretation of CNV data derived from high resolution array CGH or NGS platforms is complicated by the considerable variability of the human genome. Therefore, tools for multidimensional data analysis and comparison of patient cohorts are needed to assist in the discrimination of clinically relevant CNVs from others. Results We developed GenomeCAT, a standalone Java application for the analysis and integrative visualization of CNVs. GenomeCAT is composed of three modules dedicated to the inspection of single cases, comparative analysis of multidimensional data and group comparisons aiming at the identification of recurrent aberrations in patients sharing the same phenotype, respectively. Its flexible import options ease the comparative analysis of own results derived from microarray or NGS platforms with data from literature or public depositories. Multidimensional data obtained from different experiment types can be merged into a common data matrix to enable common visualization and analysis. All results are stored in the integrated MySQL database, but can also be exported as tab delimited files for further statistical calculations in external programs. Conclusions GenomeCAT offers a broad spectrum of visualization and analysis tools that assist in the evaluation of CNVs in the context of other experiment data and annotations. The use of GenomeCAT does not require any specialized computer skills. The various R packages implemented for data analysis are fully integrated into GenomeCATs graphical user interface and the installation process is supported by a wizard. The flexibility in terms of data import and export in combination with the ability to create a common data matrix makes the program also well suited as an interface between genomic data from heterogeneous sources and external software tools. Due to the modular architecture the functionality of GenomeCAT can be easily extended by further R packages or customized plug-ins to meet future requirements. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12859-016-1430-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Tebel
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vivien Boldt
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Free University Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Steininger
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Free University Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Port
- Institut für Radiobiologie der Bundeswehr in Verb. mit der Universität Ulm, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Grit Ebert
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Free University Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhard Ullmann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany. .,Institut für Radiobiologie der Bundeswehr in Verb. mit der Universität Ulm, 80937, Munich, Germany.
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16
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Litviakov NV, Cherdyntseva NV, Tsyganov MM, Slonimskaya EM, Ibragimova MK, Kazantseva PV, Kzhyshkowska J, Choinzonov EL. Deletions of multidrug resistance gene loci in breast cancer leads to the down-regulation of its expression and predict tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7829-41. [PMID: 26799285 PMCID: PMC4884957 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is intensively used for the treatment of primary breast cancer. In our previous studies, we reported that clinical tumor response to NAC is associated with the change of multidrug resistance (MDR) gene expression in tumors after chemotherapy. In this study we performed a combined analysis of MDR gene locus deletions in tumor DNA, MDR gene expression and clinical response to NAC in 73 BC patients. Copy number variations (CNVs) in biopsy specimens were tested using high-density microarray platform CytoScanTM HD Array (Affymetrix, USA). 75%–100% persons having deletions of MDR gene loci demonstrated the down-regulation of MDR gene expression. Expression of MDR genes was 2–8 times lower in patients with deletion than in patients having no deletion only in post-NAC tumors samples but not in tumor tissue before chemotherapy. All patients with deletions of ABCB1 ABCB 3 ABCC5 gene loci – 7q21.1, 6p21.32, 3q27 correspondingly, and most patients having deletions in ABCC1 (16p13.1), ABCC2 (10q24), ABCG1 (21q22.3), ABCG2 (4q22.1), responded favorably to NAC. The analysis of all CNVs, including both amplification and deletion showed that the frequency of 13q14.2 deletion was 85% among patients bearing tumor with the deletion at least in one MDR gene locus versus 9% in patients with no deletions. Differences in the frequency of 13q14.2 deletions between the two groups were statistically significant (p = 2.03 ×10−11, Fisher test, Bonferroni-adjusted p = 1.73 × 10−8). In conclusion, our study for the first time demonstrates that deletion MDR gene loci can be used as predictive marker for tumor response to NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai V Litviakov
- Laboratory of Oncovirology, Tomsk Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk, Russian Federation.,Laboratory of Translational Cell and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Nadezhda V Cherdyntseva
- Laboratory of Translational Cell and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation.,Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Tomsk Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Matvey M Tsyganov
- Laboratory of Oncovirology, Tomsk Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk, Russian Federation.,Laboratory of Translational Cell and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Elena M Slonimskaya
- Department of General Oncology, Tomsk Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Marina K Ibragimova
- Laboratory of Oncovirology, Tomsk Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Polina V Kazantseva
- Department of General Oncology, Tomsk Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Julia Kzhyshkowska
- Laboratory of Translational Cell and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation.,Department of Innate Immunity and Tolerance, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Eugeniy L Choinzonov
- Department of Head and Neck Cancer, Tomsk Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk, Russian Federation
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17
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CNARA: reliability assessment for genomic copy number profiles. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:799. [PMID: 27733115 PMCID: PMC5062840 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3074-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background DNA copy number profiles from microarray and sequencing experiments sometimes contain wave artefacts which may be introduced during sample preparation and cannot be removed completely by existing preprocessing methods. Besides, large derivative log ratio spread (DLRS) of the probes correlating with poor DNA quality is sometimes observed in genome screening experiments and may lead to unreliable copy number profiles. Depending on the extent of these artefacts and the resulting misidentification of copy number alterations/variations (CNA/CNV), it may be desirable to exclude such samples from analyses or to adapt the downstream data analysis strategy accordingly. Results Here, we propose a method to distinguish reliable genomic copy number profiles from those containing heavy wave artefacts and/or large DLRS. We define four features that adequately summarize the copy number profiles for reliability assessment, and train a classifier on a dataset of 1522 copy number profiles from various microarray platforms. The method can be applied to predict the reliability of copy number profiles irrespective of the underlying microarray platform and may be adapted for those sequencing platforms from which copy number estimates could be computed as a piecewise constant signal. Further details can be found at https://github.com/baudisgroup/CNARA. Conclusions We have developed a method for the assessment of genomic copy number profiling data, and suggest to apply the method in addition to and after other state-of-the-art noise correction and quality control procedures. CNARA could be instrumental in improving the assessment of data used for genomic data mining experiments and support the reliable functional attribution of copy number aberrations especially in cancer research. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3074-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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18
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The SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics' resources: focus on curated databases. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 44:D27-37. [PMID: 26615188 PMCID: PMC4702916 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (www.isb-sib.ch) provides world-class bioinformatics databases, software tools, services and training to the international life science community in academia and industry. These solutions allow life scientists to turn the exponentially growing amount of data into knowledge. Here, we provide an overview of SIB's resources and competence areas, with a strong focus on curated databases and SIB's most popular and widely used resources. In particular, SIB's Bioinformatics resource portal ExPASy features over 150 resources, including UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ENZYME, PROSITE, neXtProt, STRING, UniCarbKB, SugarBindDB, SwissRegulon, EPD, arrayMap, Bgee, SWISS-MODEL Repository, OMA, OrthoDB and other databases, which are briefly described in this article.
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19
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Meerzaman D, Dunn BK, Lee M, Chen Q, Yan C, Ross S. The promise of omics-based approaches to cancer prevention. Semin Oncol 2015; 43:36-48. [PMID: 26970123 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex category of diseases caused in large part by genetic or genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenetic or epigenomic alterations in affected cells and the surrounding microenvironment. Carcinogenesis reflects the clonal expansion of cells that progressively acquire these genetic and epigenetic alterations-changes that, in turn, lead to modifications at the RNA level. Gradually advancing technology and most recently, the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS), combined with bioinformatics analytic tools, have revolutionized our ability to interrogate cancer cells. The ultimate goal is to apply these high-throughput technologies to the various aspects of clinical cancer care: cancer-risk assessment, diagnosis, as well as target identification for treatment and prevention. In this article, we emphasize how the knowledge gained through large-scale omics-oriented approaches, with a focus on variations at the level of nucleic acids, can inform the field of chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoud Meerzaman
- Center for Biomedical Informatics & Information Technology, Computational Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
| | - Barbara K Dunn
- Chemoprevention Agent Development Research Group, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maxwell Lee
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Qingrong Chen
- Center for Biomedical Informatics & Information Technology, Computational Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Chunhua Yan
- Center for Biomedical Informatics & Information Technology, Computational Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Sharon Ross
- Chemoprevention Agent Development Research Group, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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20
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Genomic instability of osteosarcoma cell lines in culture: impact on the prediction of metastasis relevant genes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125611. [PMID: 25992885 PMCID: PMC4438062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma is a rare but highly malignant cancer of the bone. As a consequence, the number of established cell lines used for experimental in vitro and in vivo osteosarcoma research is limited and the value of these cell lines relies on their stability during culture. Here we investigated the stability in gene expression by microarray analysis and array genomic hybridization of three low metastatic cell lines and derivatives thereof with increased metastatic potential using cells of different passages. Principal Findings The osteosarcoma cell lines showed altered gene expression during in vitro culture, and it was more pronounced in two metastatic cell lines compared to the respective parental cells. Chromosomal instability contributed in part to the altered gene expression in SAOS and LM5 cells with low and high metastatic potential. To identify metastasis-relevant genes in a background of passage-dependent altered gene expression, genes involved in "Pathways in cancer" that were consistently regulated under all passage comparisons were evaluated. Genes belonging to "Hedgehog signaling pathway" and "Wnt signaling pathway" were significantly up-regulated, and IHH, WNT10B and TCF7 were found up-regulated in all three metastatic compared to the parental cell lines. Conclusions Considerable instability during culture in terms of gene expression and chromosomal aberrations was observed in osteosarcoma cell lines. The use of cells from different passages and a search for genes consistently regulated in early and late passages allows the analysis of metastasis-relevant genes despite the observed instability in gene expression in osteosarcoma cell lines during culture.
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21
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Cai H, Gupta S, Rath P, Ai N, Baudis M. arrayMap 2014: an updated cancer genome resource. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 43:D825-30. [PMID: 25428357 PMCID: PMC4383937 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic copy number aberrations (CNA) represent a mutation type encountered in the majority of cancer genomes. Here, we present the 2014 edition of arrayMap (http://www.arraymap.org), a publicly accessible collection of pre-processed oncogenomic array data sets and CNA profiles, representing a vast range of human malignancies. Since the initial release, we have enhanced this resource both in content and especially with regard to data mining support. The 2014 release of arrayMap contains more than 64 000 genomic array data sets, representing about 250 tumor diagnoses. Data sets included in arrayMap have been assembled from public repositories as well as additional resources, and integrated by applying custom processing pipelines. Online tools have been upgraded for a more flexible array data visualization, including options for processing user provided, non-public data sets. Data integration has been improved by mapping to multiple editions of the human reference genome, with the majority of the data now being available for the UCSC hg18 as well as GRCh37 versions. The large amount of tumor CNA data in arrayMap can be freely downloaded by users to promote data mining projects, and to explore special events such as chromothripsis-like genome patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Cai
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland Center of Growth, Metabolism, and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Saumya Gupta
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Prisni Rath
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland Centre for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ni Ai
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Baudis
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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22
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Cai H, Kumar N, Bagheri HC, von Mering C, Robinson MD, Baudis M. Chromothripsis-like patterns are recurring but heterogeneously distributed features in a survey of 22,347 cancer genome screens. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:82. [PMID: 24476156 PMCID: PMC3909908 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chromothripsis is a recently discovered phenomenon of genomic rearrangement, possibly arising during a single genome-shattering event. This could provide an alternative paradigm in cancer development, replacing the gradual accumulation of genomic changes with a “one-off” catastrophic event. However, the term has been used with varying operational definitions, with the minimal consensus being a large number of locally clustered copy number aberrations. The mechanisms underlying these chromothripsis-like patterns (CTLP) and their specific impact on tumorigenesis are still poorly understood. Results Here, we identified CTLP in 918 cancer samples, from a dataset of more than 22,000 oncogenomic arrays covering 132 cancer types. Fragmentation hotspots were found to be located on chromosome 8, 11, 12 and 17. Among the various cancer types, soft-tissue tumors exhibited particularly high CTLP frequencies. Genomic context analysis revealed that CTLP rearrangements frequently occurred in genomes that additionally harbored multiple copy number aberrations (CNAs). An investigation into the affected chromosomal regions showed a large proportion of arm-level pulverization and telomere related events, which would be compatible to a number of underlying mechanisms. We also report evidence that these genomic events may be correlated with patient age, stage and survival rate. Conclusions Through a large-scale analysis of oncogenomic array data sets, this study characterized features associated with genomic aberrations patterns, compatible to the spectrum of “chromothripsis”-definitions as previously used. While quantifying clustered genomic copy number aberrations in cancer samples, our data indicates an underlying biological heterogeneity behind these chromothripsis-like patterns, beyond a well defined “chromthripsis” phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mark D Robinson
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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23
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Cai H, Kumar N, Ai N, Gupta S, Rath P, Baudis M. Progenetix: 12 years of oncogenomic data curation. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:D1055-62. [PMID: 24225322 PMCID: PMC3965091 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt1108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA copy number aberrations (CNAs) can be found in the majority of cancer genomes and are crucial for understanding the potential mechanisms underlying tumor initiation and progression. Since the first release in 2001, the Progenetix project (http://www.progenetix.org) has provided a reference resource dedicated to provide the most comprehensive collection of genome-wide CNA profiles. Reflecting the application of comparative genomic hybridization techniques to tens of thousands of cancer genomes, over the past 12 years our data curation efforts have resulted in a more than 60-fold increase in the number of cancer samples presented through Progenetix. In addition, new data exploration tools and visualization options have been added. In particular, the gene-specific CNA frequency analysis should facilitate the assignment of cancer genes to related cancer types. In addition, the new user file processing interface allows users to take advantage of the online tools, including various data representation options for proprietary data pre-publication. In this update article, we report recent improvements of the database in terms of content, user interface and online tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Cai
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nitin Kumar
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ni Ai
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Saumya Gupta
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Prisni Rath
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Baudis
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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24
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Nicholson JM, Cimini D. Cancer karyotypes: survival of the fittest. Front Oncol 2013; 3:148. [PMID: 23760367 PMCID: PMC3675379 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are typically characterized by complex karyotypes including both structural and numerical changes, with aneuploidy being a ubiquitous feature. It is becoming increasingly evident that aneuploidy per se can cause chromosome mis-segregation, which explains the higher rates of chromosome gain/loss observed in aneuploid cancer cells compared to normal diploid cells, a phenotype termed chromosomal instability (CIN). CIN can be caused by various mechanisms and results in extensive karyotypic heterogeneity within a cancer cell population. However, despite such karyotypic heterogeneity, cancer cells also display predominant karyotypic patterns. In this review we discuss the mechanisms of CIN, with particular emphasis on the role of aneuploidy on CIN. Further, we discuss the potential functional role of karyotypic patterns in cancer.
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25
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Yoshioka S, Tsukamoto Y, Hijiya N, Nakada C, Uchida T, Matsuura K, Takeuchi I, Seto M, Kawano K, Moriyama M. Genomic profiling of oral squamous cell carcinoma by array-based comparative genomic hybridization. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56165. [PMID: 23457519 PMCID: PMC3573022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We designed a study to investigate genetic relationships between primary tumors of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and their lymph node metastases, and to identify genomic copy number aberrations (CNAs) related to lymph node metastasis. For this purpose, we collected a total of 42 tumor samples from 25 patients and analyzed their genomic profiles by array-based comparative genomic hybridization. We then compared the genetic profiles of metastatic primary tumors (MPTs) with their paired lymph node metastases (LNMs), and also those of LNMs with non-metastatic primary tumors (NMPTs). Firstly, we found that although there were some distinctive differences in the patterns of genomic profiles between MPTs and their paired LNMs, the paired samples shared similar genomic aberration patterns in each case. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis grouped together 12 of the 15 MPT-LNM pairs. Furthermore, similarity scores between paired samples were significantly higher than those between non-paired samples. These results suggested that MPTs and their paired LNMs are composed predominantly of genetically clonal tumor cells, while minor populations with different CNAs may also exist in metastatic OSCCs. Secondly, to identify CNAs related to lymph node metastasis, we compared CNAs between grouped samples of MPTs and LNMs, but were unable to find any CNAs that were more common in LNMs. Finally, we hypothesized that subpopulations carrying metastasis-related CNAs might be present in both the MPT and LNM. Accordingly, we compared CNAs between NMPTs and LNMs, and found that gains of 7p, 8q and 17q were more common in the latter than in the former, suggesting that these CNAs may be involved in lymph node metastasis of OSCC. In conclusion, our data suggest that in OSCCs showing metastasis, the primary and metastatic tumors share similar genomic profiles, and that cells in the primary tumor may tend to metastasize after acquiring metastasis-associated CNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Yoshioka
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Oita, Japan, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Tsukamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Naoki Hijiya
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Chisato Nakada
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Uchida
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Keiko Matsuura
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takeuchi
- Department of Computer Science/Scientific and Engineering Simulation, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masao Seto
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenji Kawano
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Oita, Japan, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Moriyama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
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26
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Kumar N, Cai H, von Mering C, Baudis M. Specific genomic regions are differentially affected by copy number alterations across distinct cancer types, in aggregated cytogenetic data. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43689. [PMID: 22937079 PMCID: PMC3427184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Regional genomic copy number alterations (CNA) are observed in the vast majority of cancers. Besides specifically targeting well-known, canonical oncogenes, CNAs may also play more subtle roles in terms of modulating genetic potential and broad gene expression patterns of developing tumors. Any significant differences in the overall CNA patterns between different cancer types may thus point towards specific biological mechanisms acting in those cancers. In addition, differences among CNA profiles may prove valuable for cancer classifications beyond existing annotation systems. Principal Findings We have analyzed molecular-cytogenetic data from 25579 tumors samples, which were classified into 160 cancer types according to the International Classification of Disease (ICD) coding system. When correcting for differences in the overall CNA frequencies between cancer types, related cancers were often found to cluster together according to similarities in their CNA profiles. Based on a randomization approach, distance measures from the cluster dendrograms were used to identify those specific genomic regions that contributed significantly to this signal. This approach identified 43 non-neutral genomic regions whose propensity for the occurrence of copy number alterations varied with the type of cancer at hand. Only a subset of these identified loci overlapped with previously implied, highly recurrent (hot-spot) cytogenetic imbalance regions. Conclusions Thus, for many genomic regions, a simple null-hypothesis of independence between cancer type and relative copy number alteration frequency can be rejected. Since a subset of these regions display relatively low overall CNA frequencies, they may point towards second-tier genomic targets that are adaptively relevant but not necessarily essential for cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Kumar
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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27
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Baudis M, Giefing M, Cai H, Kumar N, Vater I, Richter J, Siebert R. Array-basierter Nachweis chromosomaler Aberrationen bei malignen Neoplasien. MED GENET-BERLIN 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11825-012-0328-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Array-basierte Methoden zum Nachweis chromsomaler Imbalancen haben in der vergangenen Dekade zunehmende Bedeutung in der tumorgenetischen Analytik gewonnen. Dabei werden im Wesentlichen auf Array-CGH („comparative genomic hybridization“) und SNP(Single-nucleotide-polymorphism)-Array basierte Technologien unterschieden, die je nach Fragestellung, Ausgangsmaterial und gewünschter Auflösung Vor- und Nachteile haben. So erlauben SNP-basierte Methoden im Gegensatz zum klassischen Array-CGH-Ansatz den gleichzeitigen Nachweis von chromosomalen Imbalancen und von Verlust der Heterozygotie ohne Veränderung der Kopienzahl („copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity“, CN-LOH). Bei allen Array-basierten Analysen von Tumoren ist zu beachten, dass im Gegensatz zu den Analysen zum Nachweis konstitutioneller Veränderungen zumeist nicht alle untersuchten Zellen dem neoplastischen Klon oder einem chromosomal aberranten Subklon angehören. Einsatzgebiete von Array-basierten Technologien bei Tumoren sind z. B. die Charakterisierung pathogenetisch relevanter Imbalancen, die Definition von molekularen und klinischen Subgruppen von Tumoren oder die Identifizierung von Targets für eine individualisierte Therapie.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Baudis
- Aff1_328 grid.7400.3 0000000419370650 Institut für Molekulare Biologie Universität Zürich Zürich Schweiz
| | - M. Giefing
- Aff2_328 grid.412468.d 0000000406462097 Institut für Humangenetik Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel & Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel Schwanenweg 24 24105 Kiel Deutschland
- Aff3_328 Institut für Humangenetik Polnische Akademie der Wissenschaften Posen Polen
| | - H. Cai
- Aff1_328 grid.7400.3 0000000419370650 Institut für Molekulare Biologie Universität Zürich Zürich Schweiz
| | - N. Kumar
- Aff1_328 grid.7400.3 0000000419370650 Institut für Molekulare Biologie Universität Zürich Zürich Schweiz
| | - I. Vater
- Aff2_328 grid.412468.d 0000000406462097 Institut für Humangenetik Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel & Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel Schwanenweg 24 24105 Kiel Deutschland
| | - J. Richter
- Aff2_328 grid.412468.d 0000000406462097 Institut für Humangenetik Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel & Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel Schwanenweg 24 24105 Kiel Deutschland
| | - R. Siebert
- Aff2_328 grid.412468.d 0000000406462097 Institut für Humangenetik Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel & Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel Schwanenweg 24 24105 Kiel Deutschland
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