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Muriel J, Lukyanenko V, Kwiatkowski TA, Li Y, Bhattacharya S, Banford KK, Garman D, Bulgart HR, Sutton RB, Weisleder N, Bloch RJ. Nanodysferlins support membrane repair and binding to TRIM72/MG53 but do not localize to t-tubules or stabilize Ca 2+ signaling. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2024; 32:101257. [PMID: 38779337 PMCID: PMC11109471 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2024.101257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in the DYSF gene, encoding the protein dysferlin, lead to several forms of muscular dystrophy. In healthy skeletal muscle, dysferlin concentrates in the transverse tubules and is involved in repairing the sarcolemma and stabilizing Ca2+ signaling after membrane disruption. The DYSF gene encodes 7-8 C2 domains, several Fer and Dysf domains, and a C-terminal transmembrane sequence. Because its coding sequence is too large to package in adeno-associated virus, the full-length sequence is not amenable to current gene delivery methods. Thus, we have examined smaller versions of dysferlin, termed "nanodysferlins," designed to eliminate several C2 domains, specifically C2 domains D, E, and F; B, D, and E; and B, D, E, and F. We also generated a variant by replacing eight amino acids in C2G in the nanodysferlin missing domains D through F. We electroporated dysferlin-null A/J mouse myofibers with Venus fusion constructs of these variants, or as untagged nanodysferlins together with GFP, to mark transfected fibers We found that, although these nanodysferlins failed to concentrate in transverse tubules, three of them supported membrane repair after laser wounding while all four bound the membrane repair protein, TRIM72/MG53, similar to WT dysferlin. By contrast, they failed to suppress Ca2+ waves after myofibers were injured by mild hypoosmotic shock. Our results suggest that the internal C2 domains of dysferlin are required for normal t-tubule localization and Ca2+ signaling and that membrane repair does not require these C2 domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin Muriel
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Valeriy Lukyanenko
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Thomas A. Kwiatkowski
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Sayak Bhattacharya
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kassidy K. Banford
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Daniel Garman
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hannah R. Bulgart
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Roger B. Sutton
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Noah Weisleder
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Robert J. Bloch
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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2
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Quinn CJ, Cartwright EJ, Trafford AW, Dibb KM. On the role of dysferlin in striated muscle: membrane repair, t-tubules and Ca 2+ handling. J Physiol 2024; 602:1893-1910. [PMID: 38615232 DOI: 10.1113/jp285103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysferlin is a 237 kDa membrane-associated protein characterised by multiple C2 domains with a diverse role in skeletal and cardiac muscle physiology. Mutations in DYSF are known to cause various types of human muscular dystrophies, known collectively as dysferlinopathies, with some patients developing cardiomyopathy. A myriad of in vitro membrane repair studies suggest that dysferlin plays an integral role in the membrane repair complex in skeletal muscle. In comparison, less is known about dysferlin in the heart, but mounting evidence suggests that dysferlin's role is similar in both muscle types. Recent findings have shown that dysferlin regulates Ca2+ handling in striated muscle via multiple mechanisms and that this becomes more important in conditions of stress. Maintenance of the transverse (t)-tubule network and the tight coordination of excitation-contraction coupling are essential for muscle contractility. Dysferlin regulates the maintenance and repair of t-tubules, and it is suspected that dysferlin regulates t-tubules and sarcolemmal repair through a similar mechanism. This review focuses on the emerging complexity of dysferlin's activity in striated muscle. Such insights will progress our understanding of the proteins and pathways that regulate basic heart and skeletal muscle function and help guide research into striated muscle pathology, especially that which arises due to dysferlin dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Quinn
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.14 Core Technology Facility, Manchester, UK
| | - E J Cartwright
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.14 Core Technology Facility, Manchester, UK
| | - A W Trafford
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.14 Core Technology Facility, Manchester, UK
| | - K M Dibb
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.14 Core Technology Facility, Manchester, UK
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Xiao J, Dong Y, Jin J, Yuan Z, Wang C, Xiang R, Guo Y. A missense variant in MYOF is associated with ARVC and sudden cardiac death. Gene 2024; 902:148193. [PMID: 38253296 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder that leads to severe arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. Although previous studies in clinical, pathological and genetics of ARVC established consensus diagnostic criteria and expanded the spectrum of pathogenic genes, there is still a proportion of patients with unclear causative factors. Here, whole-exome sequencing was employed to investigate the genetic etiology of a 15-year-old sudden cardiac death female caused by ARVC. A novel variant of MYOF (NM_013451.3: c.4723G > C: p.D1575H) was identified, which is a member of the Ferlin family of proteins is associated with cardiomyopathy. And the bioinformatics analysis predicted the pathogenicity of this variant. We report the first variant of MYOF in ARVC, which imply a vital role of MYOF in cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Xiao
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Jieyuan Jin
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Zhuangzhuang Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Chenyu Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Yadong Guo
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Golding AE, Li W, Blank PS, Cologna SM, Zimmerberg J. Relative quantification of progressive changes in healthy and dysferlin-deficient mouse skeletal muscle proteomes. Muscle Nerve 2023; 68:805-816. [PMID: 37706611 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS Individuals with dysferlinopathies, a group of genetic muscle diseases, experience delay in the onset of muscle weakness. The cause of this delay and subsequent muscle wasting are unknown, and there are currently no clinical interventions to limit or prevent muscle weakness. To better understand molecular drivers of dysferlinopathies, age-dependent changes in the proteomic profile of skeletal muscle (SM) in wild-type (WT) and dysferlin-deficient mice were identified. METHODS Quadriceps were isolated from 6-, 18-, 42-, and 77-wk-old C57BL/6 (WT, Dysf+/+ ) and BLAJ (Dysf-/- ) mice (n = 3, 2 male/1 female or 1 male/2 female, 24 total). Whole-muscle proteomes were characterized using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with relative quantification using TMT10plex isobaric labeling. Principle component analysis was utilized to detect age-dependent proteomic differences over the lifespan of, and between, WT and dysferlin-deficient SM. The biological relevance of proteins with significant variation was established using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. RESULTS Over 3200 proteins were identified between 6-, 18-, 42-, and 77-wk-old mice. In total, 46 proteins varied in aging WT SM (p < .01), while 365 varied in dysferlin-deficient SM. However, 569 proteins varied between aged-matched WT and dysferlin-deficient SM. Proteins with significant variation in expression across all comparisons followed distinct temporal trends. DISCUSSION Proteins involved in sarcolemma repair and regeneration underwent significant changes in SM over the lifespan of WT mice, while those associated with immune infiltration and inflammation were overly represented over the lifespan of dysferlin-deficient mice. The proteins identified herein are likely to contribute to our overall understanding of SM aging and dysferlinopathy disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana E Golding
- Section on Integrative Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Section on Intracellular Protein Trafficking, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wenping Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Paul S Blank
- Section on Integrative Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephanie M Cologna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joshua Zimmerberg
- Section on Integrative Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Rawls A, Diviak BK, Smith CI, Severson GW, Acosta SA, Wilson-Rawls J. Pharmacotherapeutic Approaches to Treatment of Muscular Dystrophies. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1536. [PMID: 37892218 PMCID: PMC10605463 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies are a heterogeneous group of genetic muscle-wasting disorders that are subdivided based on the region of the body impacted by muscle weakness as well as the functional activity of the underlying genetic mutations. A common feature of the pathophysiology of muscular dystrophies is chronic inflammation associated with the replacement of muscle mass with fibrotic scarring. With the progression of these disorders, many patients suffer cardiomyopathies with fibrosis of the cardiac tissue. Anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids represent the standard of care for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, the most common muscular dystrophy worldwide; however, long-term exposure to glucocorticoids results in highly adverse side effects, limiting their use. Thus, it is important to develop new pharmacotherapeutic approaches to limit inflammation and fibrosis to reduce muscle damage and promote repair. Here, we examine the pathophysiology, genetic background, and emerging therapeutic strategies for muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Rawls
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA; (B.K.D.); (C.I.S.); (G.W.S.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Bridget K. Diviak
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA; (B.K.D.); (C.I.S.); (G.W.S.); (S.A.A.)
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Tempe, AZ 85287 4501, USA
| | - Cameron I. Smith
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA; (B.K.D.); (C.I.S.); (G.W.S.); (S.A.A.)
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Tempe, AZ 85287 4501, USA
| | - Grant W. Severson
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA; (B.K.D.); (C.I.S.); (G.W.S.); (S.A.A.)
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Tempe, AZ 85287 4501, USA
| | - Sofia A. Acosta
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA; (B.K.D.); (C.I.S.); (G.W.S.); (S.A.A.)
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Tempe, AZ 85287 4501, USA
| | - Jeanne Wilson-Rawls
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA; (B.K.D.); (C.I.S.); (G.W.S.); (S.A.A.)
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Bouchard C, Tremblay JP. Portrait of Dysferlinopathy: Diagnosis and Development of Therapy. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6011. [PMID: 37762951 PMCID: PMC10531777 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12186011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysferlinopathy is a disease caused by a dysferlin deficiency due to mutations in the DYSF gene. Dysferlin is a membrane protein in the sarcolemma and is involved in different functions, such as membrane repair and vesicle fusion, T-tubule development and maintenance, Ca2+ signalling, and the regulation of various molecules. Miyoshi Myopathy type 1 (MMD1) and Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy 2B/R2 (LGMD2B/LGMDR2) are two possible clinical presentations, yet the same mutations can cause both presentations in the same family. They are therefore grouped under the name dysferlinopathy. Onset is typically during the teenage years or young adulthood and is characterized by a loss of Achilles tendon reflexes and difficulty in standing on tiptoes or climbing stairs, followed by a slow progressive loss of strength in limb muscles. The MRI pattern of patient muscles and their biopsies show various fibre sizes, necrotic and regenerative fibres, and fat and connective tissue accumulation. Recent tools were developed for diagnosis and research, especially to evaluate the evolution of the patient condition and to prevent misdiagnosis caused by similarities with polymyositis and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. The specific characteristic of dysferlinopathy is dysferlin deficiency. Recently, mouse models with patient mutations were developed to study genetic approaches to treat dysferlinopathy. The research fields for dysferlinopathy therapy include symptomatic treatments, as well as antisense-mediated exon skipping, myoblast transplantation, and gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Bouchard
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, QC G1E 6W2, Canada
| | - Jacques P. Tremblay
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, QC G1E 6W2, Canada
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7
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Grounds MD, Lloyd EM. Considering the Promise of Vamorolone for Treating Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. J Neuromuscul Dis 2023; 10:1013-1030. [PMID: 37927274 PMCID: PMC10657680 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-230161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
This commentary provides an independent consideration of data related to the drug vamorolone (VBP15) as an alternative steroid proposed for treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Glucocorticoids such as prednisone and deflazacort have powerful anti-inflammatory benefits and are the standard of care for DMD, but their long-term use can result in severe adverse side effects; thus, vamorolone was designed as a unique dissociative steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, to retain efficacy and minimise these adverse effects. Extensive clinical trials (ongoing) have investigated the use of vamorolone for DMD, with two trials also for limb-girdle muscular dystrophies including dysferlinopathy (current), plus a variety of pre-clinical trials published. Vamorolone looks very promising, with similar efficacy and some reduced adverse effects (e.g., related to height) compared with other glucocorticoids, specifically prednisone/prednisolone, although it has not yet been directly compared with deflazacort. Of particular interest to clarify is the optimal clinical dose and other aspects of vamorolone that are proposed to provide additional benefits for membranes of dystrophic muscle: to stabilise and protect the sarcolemma from damage and enhance repair. The use of vamorolone (and other glucocorticoids) needs to be evaluated in terms of overall long-term efficacy and cost, and also in comparison with many candidate non-steroidal drugs with anti-inflammatory and other benefits for DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda D. Grounds
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Erin M. Lloyd
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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González-Jamett A, Vásquez W, Cifuentes-Riveros G, Martínez-Pando R, Sáez JC, Cárdenas AM. Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Connexin Hemichannels in Muscular Dystrophies. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020507. [PMID: 35203715 PMCID: PMC8962419 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies (MDs) are a heterogeneous group of congenital neuromuscular disorders whose clinical signs include myalgia, skeletal muscle weakness, hypotonia, and atrophy that leads to progressive muscle disability and loss of ambulation. MDs can also affect cardiac and respiratory muscles, impairing life-expectancy. MDs in clude Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy and limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. These and other MDs are caused by mutations in genes that encode proteins responsible for the structure and function of skeletal muscles, such as components of the dystrophin-glycoprotein-complex that connect the sarcomeric-actin with the extracellular matrix, allowing contractile force transmission and providing stability during muscle contraction. Consequently, in dystrophic conditions in which such proteins are affected, muscle integrity is disrupted, leading to local inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, Ca2+-dyshomeostasis and muscle degeneration. In this scenario, dysregulation of connexin hemichannels seem to be an early disruptor of the homeostasis that further plays a relevant role in these processes. The interaction between all these elements constitutes a positive feedback loop that contributes to the worsening of the diseases. Thus, we discuss here the interplay between inflammation, oxidative stress and connexin hemichannels in the progression of MDs and their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlek González-Jamett
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (W.V.); (J.C.S.)
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (G.C.-R.); (R.M.-P.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.-J.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Walter Vásquez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (W.V.); (J.C.S.)
| | - Gabriela Cifuentes-Riveros
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (G.C.-R.); (R.M.-P.)
| | - Rafaela Martínez-Pando
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (G.C.-R.); (R.M.-P.)
| | - Juan C. Sáez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (W.V.); (J.C.S.)
| | - Ana M. Cárdenas
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (W.V.); (J.C.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.-J.); (A.M.C.)
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9
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Bittel DC, Sreetama SC, Chandra G, Ziegler R, Nagaraju K, Van der Meulen JH, Jaiswal JK. Secreted acid sphingomyelinase as a potential gene therapy for limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2B. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e141295. [PMID: 34981776 PMCID: PMC8718136 DOI: 10.1172/jci141295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient sarcolemmal repair is required for muscle cell survival, with deficits in this process leading to muscle degeneration. Lack of the sarcolemmal protein dysferlin impairs sarcolemmal repair by reducing secretion of the enzyme acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), and causes limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2B (LGMD2B). The large size of the dysferlin gene poses a challenge for LGMD2B gene therapy efforts aimed at restoring dysferlin expression in skeletal muscle fibers. Here, we present an alternative gene therapy approach targeting reduced ASM secretion, the consequence of dysferlin deficit. We showed that the bulk endocytic ability is compromised in LGMD2B patient cells, which was addressed by extracellularly treating cells with ASM. Expression of secreted human ASM (hASM) using a liver-specific adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector restored membrane repair capacity of patient cells to healthy levels. A single in vivo dose of hASM-AAV in the LGMD2B mouse model restored myofiber repair capacity, enabling efficient recovery of myofibers from focal or lengthening contraction-induced injury. hASM-AAV treatment was safe, attenuated fibro-fatty muscle degeneration, increased myofiber size, and restored muscle strength, similar to dysferlin gene therapy. These findings elucidate the role of ASM in dysferlin-mediated plasma membrane repair and to our knowledge offer the first non-muscle-targeted gene therapy for LGMD2B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Bittel
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sen Chandra Sreetama
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Goutam Chandra
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Robin Ziegler
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research, Sanofi, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kanneboyina Nagaraju
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | | | - Jyoti K. Jaiswal
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
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10
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Usha Kalyani R, Perinbam K, Jeyanthi P, Al-Dhabi NA, Valan Arasu M, Esmail GA, Kim YO, Kim H, Kim HJ. Fer1L5, a Dysferlin Homologue Present in Vesicles and Involved in C2C12 Myoblast Fusion and Membrane Repair. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9110386. [PMID: 33182221 PMCID: PMC7695329 DOI: 10.3390/biology9110386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Fer1L5 is a dysferlin and myoferlin homologue and has been implicated in muscle membrane fusion events; myoblast fusion and membrane repair respectively during C2C12 skeletal muscle development. The role of Fer1L5 was analyzed by immunoblot analysis, biochemical fractionation, confocal microscopy and electroporation method. We demonstrated that Fer1L5 is present in low density vesicles and resistant to non-ionic detergent and shows overlapping properties with dysferlin and myoferlin. The expression of Fer1L5 was highly observed at the fusing myoblasts membranes and its expression level is gradually increase at the early stages multinucleated myotube formation. Fusion defects were observed in the Fer1L5 deficient C2C12 cells. Fer1L5 shows impaired membrane repair. Our data provide evidence that Fer1L5 is involved in aligning the adjacent myotubes close to each other for membrane—membrane fusion to increase the muscle mass for contraction during muscle development. Our data for Fer1L5 will be of great importance in the dysferlinopathy research in near future. Abstract Fer1L5 is a dysferlin and myoferlin related protein, which has been predicted to have a role in vesicle trafficking and muscle membrane fusion events. Mutations in dysferlin and otoferlin genes cause heredity diseases: muscular dystrophy and deafness in humans, respectively. Dysferlin is implicated in membrane repair. Myoferlin has a role in myogenesis. In this study, we investigated the role of the Fer1L5 protein during myoblast fusion and membrane repair. To study the functions of Fer1L5 we used confocal microscopy, biochemical fractionation, Western blot analysis and multiphoton laser wounding assay. By immunolabelling, Fer1L5 was detected in vesicular structures. By biochemical fractionation Fer1L5 was observed in low density vesicles. Our studies show that the membranes of Fer1L5 vesicles are non-resistant to non-ionic detergent. Partial co-staining of Fer1L5 with other two ferlin vesicles, respectively, was observed. Fer1L5 expression was highly detected at the fusion sites of two apposed C2C12 myoblast membranes and its expression level gradually increased at D2 and reached a maximum at day 4 before decreasing during further differentiation. Our studies showed that Fer1L5 has fusion defects during myoblast fusion and impaired membrane repair when the C2C12 cultures were incubated with inhibitory Fer1L5 antibodies. In C2C12 cells Fer1L5 vesicles are involved in two stages, the fusion of myoblasts and the formation of large myotubes. Fer1L5 also plays a role in membrane repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Usha Kalyani
- PG and Research Department of Botany, Government Arts College for Men (Autonomous), Affiliated to Univerity of Madras, Chennai 600035, India;
| | - K. Perinbam
- PG and Research Department of Botany, Government Arts College for Men (Autonomous), Affiliated to Univerity of Madras, Chennai 600035, India;
- Correspondence: (K.P.); (H.-J.K.); Tel.: +91-9940867295 (K.P.); +82-1037872570 (H.-J.K.); Fax: +44-24310589 (K.P.); +82-1037872570 (H.-J.K.)
| | - P. Jeyanthi
- Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, India;
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.-D.); (M.V.A.); (G.A.E.)
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.-D.); (M.V.A.); (G.A.E.)
| | - Galal Ali Esmail
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.-D.); (M.V.A.); (G.A.E.)
| | - Young Ock Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31538, Korea;
| | - Hyungsuk Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Hak-Jae Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31538, Korea;
- Correspondence: (K.P.); (H.-J.K.); Tel.: +91-9940867295 (K.P.); +82-1037872570 (H.-J.K.); Fax: +44-24310589 (K.P.); +82-1037872570 (H.-J.K.)
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11
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Blockade of Hemichannels Normalizes the Differentiation Fate of Myoblasts and Features of Skeletal Muscles from Dysferlin-Deficient Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176025. [PMID: 32825681 PMCID: PMC7503700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysferlinopathies are muscle dystrophies caused by mutations in the gene encoding dysferlin, a relevant protein for membrane repair and trafficking. These diseases are untreatable, possibly due to the poor knowledge of relevant molecular targets. Previously, we have shown that human myofibers from patient biopsies as well as myotubes derived from immortalized human myoblasts carrying a mutated form of dysferlin express connexin proteins, but their relevance in myoblasts fate and function remained unknown. In the present work, we found that numerous myoblasts bearing a mutated dysferlin when induced to acquire myogenic commitment express PPARγ, revealing adipogenic instead of myogenic commitment. These cell cultures presented many mononucleated cells with fat accumulation and within 48 h of differentiation formed fewer multinucleated cells. In contrast, dysferlin deficient myoblasts treated with boldine, a connexin hemichannels blocker, neither expressed PPARγ, nor accumulated fat and formed similar amount of multinucleated cells as wild type precursor cells. We recently demonstrated that myofibers of skeletal muscles from blAJ mice (an animal model of dysferlinopathies) express three connexins (Cx39, Cx43, and Cx45) that form functional hemichannels (HCs) in the sarcolemma. In symptomatic blAJ mice, we now show that eight-week treatment with a daily dose of boldine showed a progressive recovery of motor activity reaching normality. At the end of this treatment, skeletal muscles were comparable to those of wild type mice and presented normal CK activity in serum. Myofibers of boldine-treated blAJ mice also showed strong dysferlin-like immunoreactivity. These findings reveal that muscle dysfunction results from a pathophysiologic mechanism triggered by mutated dysferlin and downstream connexin hemichannels expressed de novo lead to a drastic reduction of myogenesis and favor muscle damage. Thus, boldine could represent a therapeutic opportunity to treat dysfernilopathies.
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12
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Myofibers deficient in connexins 43 and 45 expression protect mice from skeletal muscle and systemic dysfunction promoted by a dysferlin mutation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165800. [PMID: 32305450 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dysferlinopathy is a genetic human disease caused by mutations in the gene that encodes the dysferlin protein (DYSF). Dysferlin is believed to play a relevant role in cell membrane repair. However, in dysferlin-deficient (blAJ) mice (a model of dysferlinopathies) the recovery of the membrane resealing function by means of the expression of a mini-dysferlin does not arrest progressive muscular damage, suggesting the participation of other unknown pathogenic mechanisms. Here, we show that proteins called connexins 39, 43 and 45 (Cx39, Cx43 and Cx45, respectively) are expressed by blAJ myofibers and form functional hemichannels (Cx HCs) in the sarcolemma. At rest, Cx HCs increased the sarcolemma permeability to small molecules and the intracellular Ca2+ signal. In addition, skeletal muscles of blAJ mice showed lipid accumulation and lack of dysferlin immunoreactivity. As sign of extensive damage and atrophy, muscles of blAJ mice presented elevated numbers of myofibers with internal nuclei, increased number of myofibers with reduced cross-sectional area and elevated creatine kinase activity in serum. In agreement with the extense muscle damage, mice also showed significantly low motor performance. We generated blAJ mice with myofibers deficient in Cx43 and Cx45 expression and found that all above muscle and systemic alterations were absent, indicating that these two Cxs play a critical role in a novel pathogenic mechanism of dysfernolophaties, which is discussed herein. Therefore, Cx HCs could constitute an attractive target for pharmacologic treatment of dyferlinopathies.
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13
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Abstract
Ferlins are multiple-C2-domain proteins involved in Ca2+-triggered membrane dynamics within the secretory, endocytic and lysosomal pathways. In bony vertebrates there are six ferlin genes encoding, in humans, dysferlin, otoferlin, myoferlin, Fer1L5 and 6 and the long noncoding RNA Fer1L4. Mutations in DYSF (dysferlin) can cause a range of muscle diseases with various clinical manifestations collectively known as dysferlinopathies, including limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B (LGMD2B) and Miyoshi myopathy. A mutation in MYOF (myoferlin) was linked to a muscular dystrophy accompanied by cardiomyopathy. Mutations in OTOF (otoferlin) can be the cause of nonsyndromic deafness DFNB9. Dysregulated expression of any human ferlin may be associated with development of cancer. This review provides a detailed description of functions of the vertebrate ferlins with a focus on muscle ferlins and discusses the mechanisms leading to disease development.
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14
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Tornabene P, Trapani I. Can Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors Deliver Effectively Large Genes? Hum Gene Ther 2020; 31:47-56. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2019.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Tornabene
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
- Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Ivana Trapani
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
- Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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15
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Báez-Matus X, Figueroa-Cares C, Gónzalez-Jamett AM, Almarza-Salazar H, Arriagada C, Maldifassi MC, Guerra MJ, Mouly V, Bigot A, Caviedes P, Cárdenas AM. Defects in G-Actin Incorporation into Filaments in Myoblasts Derived from Dysferlinopathy Patients Are Restored by Dysferlin C2 Domains. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010037. [PMID: 31861684 PMCID: PMC6981584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysferlin is a transmembrane C-2 domain-containing protein involved in vesicle trafficking and membrane remodeling in skeletal muscle cells. However, the mechanism by which dysferlin regulates these cellular processes remains unclear. Since actin dynamics is critical for vesicle trafficking and membrane remodeling, we studied the role of dysferlin in Ca2+-induced G-actin incorporation into filaments in four different immortalized myoblast cell lines (DYSF2, DYSF3, AB320, and ER) derived from patients harboring mutations in the dysferlin gene. As compared with immortalized myoblasts obtained from a control subject, dysferlin expression and G-actin incorporation were significantly decreased in myoblasts from dysferlinopathy patients. Stable knockdown of dysferlin with specific shRNA in control myoblasts also significantly reduced G-actin incorporation. The impaired G-actin incorporation was restored by the expression of full-length dysferlin as well as dysferlin N-terminal or C-terminal regions, both of which contain three C2 domains. DYSF3 myoblasts also exhibited altered distribution of annexin A2, a dysferlin partner involved in actin remodeling. However, dysferlin N-terminal and C-terminal regions appeared to not fully restore such annexin A2 mislocation. Then, our results suggest that dysferlin regulates actin remodeling by a mechanism that does to not involve annexin A2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Báez-Matus
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (X.B.-M.); (C.F.-C.); (A.M.G.-J.); (M.C.M.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Cindel Figueroa-Cares
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (X.B.-M.); (C.F.-C.); (A.M.G.-J.); (M.C.M.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Arlek M. Gónzalez-Jamett
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (X.B.-M.); (C.F.-C.); (A.M.G.-J.); (M.C.M.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Hugo Almarza-Salazar
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (X.B.-M.); (C.F.-C.); (A.M.G.-J.); (M.C.M.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Christian Arriagada
- Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile
| | - María Constanza Maldifassi
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (X.B.-M.); (C.F.-C.); (A.M.G.-J.); (M.C.M.); (M.J.G.)
| | - María José Guerra
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (X.B.-M.); (C.F.-C.); (A.M.G.-J.); (M.C.M.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Vincent Mouly
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, UMRS 974, Center for Research in Myology, 75013 Paris, France; (V.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Anne Bigot
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, UMRS 974, Center for Research in Myology, 75013 Paris, France; (V.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Pablo Caviedes
- Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile;
- Centro de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería (CeBiB), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Biotecnología y Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8370456, Chile
| | - Ana M. Cárdenas
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (X.B.-M.); (C.F.-C.); (A.M.G.-J.); (M.C.M.); (M.J.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-322-508-052
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16
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Myoferlin, a Membrane Protein with Emerging Oncogenic Roles. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:7365913. [PMID: 31828126 PMCID: PMC6885792 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7365913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myoferlin (MYOF), initially identified in muscle cells, is a member of the Ferlin family involved in membrane fusion, membrane repair, and membrane trafficking. Dysfunction of this protein is associated with muscular dysfunction. Recently, a growing body of studies have identified MYOF as an oncogenic protein. It is overexpressed in a variety of human cancers and promotes tumorigenesis, tumor cell motility, proliferation, migration, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis as well as metastasis. Clinically, MYOF overexpression is associated with poor outcome in various cancers. It can serve as a prognostic marker of human malignant disease. MYOF drives the progression of cancer in various processes, including surface receptor transportation, endocytosis, exocytosis, intercellular communication, fit mitochondrial structure maintenance and cell metabolism. Depletion of MYOF demonstrates significant antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that targeting MYOF may produce promising clinical benefits in the treatment of malignant disease. In the present article, we reviewed the physiological function of MYOF as well as its role in cancer, thus providing a general understanding for further exploration of this protein.
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17
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Kokubu Y, Nagino T, Sasa K, Oikawa T, Miyake K, Kume A, Fukuda M, Fuse H, Tozawa R, Sakurai H. Phenotypic Drug Screening for Dysferlinopathy Using Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:1017-1029. [PMID: 31250983 PMCID: PMC6766604 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysferlinopathy is a progressive muscle disorder that includes limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B and Miyoshi myopathy (MM). It is caused by mutations in the dysferlin (DYSF) gene, whose function is to reseal the muscular membrane. Treatment with proteasome inhibitor MG‐132 has been shown to increase misfolded dysferlin in fibroblasts, allowing them to recover their membrane resealing function. Here, we developed a screening system based on myocytes from MM patient‐derived induced pluripotent stem cells. According to the screening, nocodazole was found to effectively increase the level of dysferlin in cells, which, in turn, enhanced membrane resealing following injury by laser irradiation. Moreover, the increase was due to microtubule disorganization and involved autophagy rather than the proteasome degradation pathway. These findings suggest that increasing the amount of misfolded dysferlin using small molecules could represent an effective future clinical treatment for dysferlinopathy. stem cells translational medicine2019;8:1017–1029
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kokubu
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nagino
- Regenerative Medicine Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Katsunori Sasa
- Regenerative Medicine Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Oikawa
- Regenerative Medicine Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Katsuya Miyake
- Center for Basic Medical Research, Narita Campus, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akiko Kume
- Regenerative Medicine Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mikiko Fukuda
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Fuse
- Regenerative Medicine Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Tozawa
- Regenerative Medicine Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Sakurai
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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18
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Kiselev A, Vaz R, Knyazeva A, Sergushichev A, Dmitrieva R, Khudiakov A, Jorholt J, Smolina N, Sukhareva K, Fomicheva Y, Mikhaylov E, Mitrofanova L, Predeus A, Sjoberg G, Rudenko D, Sejersen T, Lindstrand A, Kostareva A. Truncating Variant in Myof Gene Is Associated With Limb-Girdle Type Muscular Dystrophy and Cardiomyopathy. Front Genet 2019; 10:608. [PMID: 31297131 PMCID: PMC6607695 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though genetic studies of individuals with neuromuscular diseases have uncovered the molecular background of many cardiac disorders such as cardiomyopathies and inherited arrhythmic syndromes, the genetic cause of a proportion of cardiomyopathies associated with neuromuscular phenotype still remains unknown. Here, we present an individual with a combination of cardiomyopathy and limb-girdle type muscular dystrophy where whole exome sequencing identified myoferlin (MYOF)-a member of the Ferlin protein family and close homolog of DYSF-as the most likely candidate gene. The disease-causative role of the identified variant c.[2576delG; 2575G>C], p.G859QfsTer8 is supported by functional studies in vitro using the primary patient's skeletal muscle mesenchymal progenitor cells, including both RNA sequencing and morphological studies, as well as recapitulating the muscle phenotype in vivo in zebrafish. We provide the first evidence supporting a role of MYOF in human muscle disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Kiselev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Raquel Vaz
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anastasia Knyazeva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Renata Dmitrieva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Khudiakov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - John Jorholt
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalia Smolina
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ksenia Sukhareva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yulia Fomicheva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgeny Mikhaylov
- Arrhythmia Department, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Lubov Mitrofanova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander Predeus
- Computer Technologies Laboratory, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Bioinformatics Institute, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Gunnar Sjoberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dmitriy Rudenko
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Thomas Sejersen
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Lindstrand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Kostareva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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19
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Harsini FM, Bui AA, Rice AM, Chebrolu S, Fuson KL, Turtoi A, Bradberry M, Chapman ER, Sutton RB. Structural Basis for the Distinct Membrane Binding Activity of the Homologous C2A Domains of Myoferlin and Dysferlin. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:2112-2126. [PMID: 31004665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Dysferlin has been implicated in acute membrane repair processes, whereas myoferlin's activity is maximal during the myoblast fusion stage of early skeletal muscle cell development. Both proteins are similar in size and domain structure; however, despite the overall similarity, myoferlin's known physiological functions do not overlap with those of dysferlin. Here we present for the first time the X-ray crystal structure of human myoferlin C2A to 1.9 Å resolution bound to two divalent cations, and compare its three-dimensional structure and membrane binding activities to that of dysferlin C2A. We find that while dysferlin C2A binds membranes in a Ca2+-dependent manner, Ca2+ binding was the rate-limiting kinetic step for this interaction. Myoferlin C2A, on the other hand, binds two calcium ions with an affinity 3-fold lower than that of dysferlin C2A; and, surprisingly, myoferlin C2A binds only marginally to phospholipid mixtures with a high fraction of phosphatidylserine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz M Harsini
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA; Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Anthony A Bui
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Anne M Rice
- Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Sukanya Chebrolu
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Kerry L Fuson
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Andrei Turtoi
- Tumor Microenvironment and Resistance to Treatment Lab, Institut de Recherche en Cancrologie de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; Institut du Cancer Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; Universit Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Mazdak Bradberry
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Edwin R Chapman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - R Bryan Sutton
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA; Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA.
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20
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Harsini FM, Chebrolu S, Fuson KL, White MA, Rice AM, Sutton RB. FerA is a Membrane-Associating Four-Helix Bundle Domain in the Ferlin Family of Membrane-Fusion Proteins. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10949. [PMID: 30026467 PMCID: PMC6053371 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29184-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferlin proteins participate in such diverse biological events as vesicle fusion in C. elegans, fusion of myoblast membranes to form myotubes, Ca2+-sensing during exocytosis in the hair cells of the inner ear, and Ca2+-dependent membrane repair in skeletal muscle cells. Ferlins are Ca2+-dependent, phospholipid-binding, multi-C2 domain-containing proteins with a single transmembrane helix that spans a vesicle membrane. The overall domain composition of the ferlins resembles the proteins involved in exocytosis; therefore, it is thought that they participate in membrane fusion at some level. But if ferlins do fuse membranes, then they are distinct from other known fusion proteins. Here we show that the central FerA domain from dysferlin, myoferlin, and otoferlin is a novel four-helix bundle fold with its own Ca2+-dependent phospholipid-binding activity. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), spectroscopic, and thermodynamic analysis of the dysferlin, myoferlin, and otoferlin FerA domains, in addition to clinically-defined dysferlin FerA mutations, suggests that the FerA domain interacts with the membrane and that this interaction is enhanced by the presence of Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz M Harsini
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430-6551, USA
| | - Sukanya Chebrolu
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430-6551, USA
| | - Kerry L Fuson
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430-6551, USA
| | - Mark A White
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Anne M Rice
- Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - R Bryan Sutton
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430-6551, USA. .,Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430-6551, USA.
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21
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Potter RA, Griffin DA, Sondergaard PC, Johnson RW, Pozsgai ER, Heller KN, Peterson EL, Lehtimäki KK, Windish HP, Mittal PJ, Albrecht DE, Mendell JR, Rodino-Klapac LR. Systemic Delivery of Dysferlin Overlap Vectors Provides Long-Term Gene Expression and Functional Improvement for Dysferlinopathy. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 29:749-762. [PMID: 28707952 PMCID: PMC6066196 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysferlinopathies comprise a family of disorders caused by mutations in the dysferlin (DYSF) gene, leading to a progressive dystrophy characterized by chronic muscle fiber loss, fat replacement, and fibrosis. To correct the underlying histopathology and function, expression of full-length DYSF is required. Dual adeno-associated virus vectors have been developed, defined by a region of homology, to serve as a substrate for reconstitution of the full 6.5 kb dysferlin cDNA. Previous work studied the efficacy of this treatment through intramuscular and regional delivery routes. To maximize clinical efficacy, dysferlin-deficient mice were treated systemically to target all muscles through the vasculature for efficacy and safety studies. Mice were evaluated at multiple time points between 4 and 13 months post treatment for dysferlin expression and functional improvement using magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy and membrane repair. A systemic dose of 6 × 1012 vector genomes resulted in widespread gene expression in the muscles. Treated muscles showed a significant decrease in central nucleation, collagen deposition, and improvement of membrane repair to wild-type levels. Treated gluteus muscles were significantly improved compared to placebo-treated muscles and were equivalent to wild type in volume, intra- and extramyocellular lipid accumulation, and fat percentage using magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Dual-vector treatment allows for production of full-length functional dysferlin with no toxicity. This confirms previous safety data and validates translation of systemic gene delivery for dysferlinopathy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael A. Potter
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Danielle A. Griffin
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Patricia C. Sondergaard
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ryan W. Johnson
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Eric R. Pozsgai
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
- Integrated Biomedical Science Graduate Program, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kristin N. Heller
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ellyn L. Peterson
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | | | | | | | - Jerry R. Mendell
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Louise R. Rodino-Klapac
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Integrated Biomedical Science Graduate Program, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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22
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Begam M, Collier AF, Mueller AL, Roche R, Galen SS, Roche JA. Diltiazem improves contractile properties of skeletal muscle in dysferlin-deficient BLAJ mice, but does not reduce contraction-induced muscle damage. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13727. [PMID: 29890050 PMCID: PMC5995314 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
B6.A-Dysfprmd /GeneJ (BLAJ) mice model human limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2B (LGMD2B), which is linked to mutations in the dysferlin (DYSF) gene. We tested the hypothesis that, the calcium ion (Ca2+ ) channel blocker diltiazem (DTZ), reduces contraction-induced skeletal muscle damage, in BLAJ mice. We randomly assigned mice (N = 12; 3-4 month old males) to one of two groups - DTZ (N = 6) or vehicle (VEH, distilled water, N = 6). We conditioned mice with either DTZ or VEH for 1 week, after which, their tibialis anterior (TA) muscles were tested for contractile torque and susceptibility to injury from forced eccentric contractions. We continued dosing with DTZ or VEH for 3 days following eccentric contractions, and then studied torque recovery and muscle damage. We analyzed contractile torque before eccentric contractions, immediately after eccentric contractions, and at 3 days after eccentric contractions; and counted damaged fibers in the injured and uninjured TA muscles. We found that DTZ improved contractile torque before and immediately after forced eccentric contractions, but did not reduce delayed-onset muscle damage that was observed at 3 days after eccentric contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morium Begam
- Physical Therapy ProgramDepartment of Health Care SciencesEugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesWayne State UniversityDetroitMichigan
| | - Alyssa F. Collier
- Program in Physical TherapyWashington University in St. Louis School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouri
| | - Amber L. Mueller
- Program in Molecular MedicineUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMaryland
| | - Renuka Roche
- Eastern Michigan University School of Health SciencesYpsilantiMichigan
| | - Sujay S. Galen
- Physical Therapy ProgramDepartment of Health Care SciencesEugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesWayne State UniversityDetroitMichigan
| | - Joseph A. Roche
- Physical Therapy ProgramDepartment of Health Care SciencesEugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesWayne State UniversityDetroitMichigan
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23
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Dong X, Gao X, Dai Y, Ran N, Yin H. Serum exosomes can restore cellular function in vitro and be used for diagnosis in dysferlinopathy. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:1243-1255. [PMID: 29507617 PMCID: PMC5835933 DOI: 10.7150/thno.22856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: It is challenging to deliver the full-length dysferlin gene or protein to restore cellular functions of dysferlin-deficient (DYSF-/-) myofibres in dysferlinopathy, a disease caused by the absence of dysferlin, which is currently without effective treatment. Exosomes, efficient membranous nanoscale carriers of biological cargoes, could be useful. Experimental design: Myotube- and human serum-derived exosomes were investigated for their capabilities of restoring dysferlin protein and cellular functions in murine and human DYSF-/- cells. Moreover, dysferlinopathic patient serum- and urine-derived exosomes were assessed for their abilities as diagnostic tools for dysferlinopathy. Results: Here we show that exosomes from dysferlin-expressing myotubes carry abundant dysferlin and enable transfer of full-length dysferlin protein to DYSF-/- myotubes. Exogenous dysferlin correctly localizes on DYSF-/- myotube membranes, enabling membrane resealing in response to injury. Human serum exosomes also carry dysferlin protein and improve membrane repair capabilities of human DYSF-/- myotubes irrespective of mutations. Lack of dysferlin in dysferlinopathic patient serum and urine exosomes enables differentiation between healthy controls and dysferlinopathic patients. Conclusions: Our findings provide evidence that exosomes are efficient carriers of dysferlin and can be employed for the treatment and non-invasive diagnosis of dysferlinopathy.
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24
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Collier AF, Gumerson J, Lehtimäki K, Puoliväli J, Jones JW, Kane MA, Manne S, O'Neill A, Windish HP, Ahtoniemi T, Williams BA, Albrecht DE, Bloch RJ. Effect of Ibuprofen on Skeletal Muscle of Dysferlin-Null Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 364:409-419. [PMID: 29284661 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.244244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ibuprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, and nitric oxide (NO) donors have been reported to reduce the severity of muscular dystrophies in mice associated with the absence of dystrophin or α-sarcoglycan, but their effects on mice that are dystrophic due to the absence of dysferlin have not been examined. We have tested ibuprofen, as well as isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), a NO donor, to learn whether used alone or together they protect dysferlin-null muscle in A/J mice from large strain injury (LSI) induced by a series of high strain lengthening contractions. Mice were maintained on chow containing ibuprofen and ISDN for 4 weeks. They were then subjected to LSI and maintained on the drugs for 3 additional days. We measured loss of torque immediately following injury and at day 3 postinjury, fiber necrosis, and macrophage infiltration at day 3 postinjury, and serum levels of the drugs at the time of euthanasia. Loss of torque immediately after injury was not altered by the drugs. However, the torque on day 3 postinjury significantly decreased as a function of ibuprofen concentration in the serum (range, 0.67-8.2 µg/ml), independent of ISDN. The effects of ISDN on torque loss at day 3 postinjury were not significant. In long-term studies of dysferlinopathic BlAJ mice, lower doses of ibuprofen had no effects on muscle morphology, but reduced treadmill running by 40%. Our results indicate that ibuprofen can have deleterious effects on dysferlin-null muscle and suggest that its use at pharmacological doses should be avoided by individuals with dysferlinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa F Collier
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (A.F.C., J.G., S.M., A.O'N., R.J.B.); Charles River Laboratories, Kuopio, Finland (K.L., J.P., T.A.); Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland (M.A.K., J.W.J.); and Jain Foundation, Seattle, Washington (H.P.W., B.A.W., D.E.A.)
| | - Jessica Gumerson
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (A.F.C., J.G., S.M., A.O'N., R.J.B.); Charles River Laboratories, Kuopio, Finland (K.L., J.P., T.A.); Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland (M.A.K., J.W.J.); and Jain Foundation, Seattle, Washington (H.P.W., B.A.W., D.E.A.)
| | - Kimmo Lehtimäki
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (A.F.C., J.G., S.M., A.O'N., R.J.B.); Charles River Laboratories, Kuopio, Finland (K.L., J.P., T.A.); Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland (M.A.K., J.W.J.); and Jain Foundation, Seattle, Washington (H.P.W., B.A.W., D.E.A.)
| | - Jukka Puoliväli
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (A.F.C., J.G., S.M., A.O'N., R.J.B.); Charles River Laboratories, Kuopio, Finland (K.L., J.P., T.A.); Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland (M.A.K., J.W.J.); and Jain Foundation, Seattle, Washington (H.P.W., B.A.W., D.E.A.)
| | - Jace W Jones
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (A.F.C., J.G., S.M., A.O'N., R.J.B.); Charles River Laboratories, Kuopio, Finland (K.L., J.P., T.A.); Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland (M.A.K., J.W.J.); and Jain Foundation, Seattle, Washington (H.P.W., B.A.W., D.E.A.)
| | - Maureen A Kane
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (A.F.C., J.G., S.M., A.O'N., R.J.B.); Charles River Laboratories, Kuopio, Finland (K.L., J.P., T.A.); Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland (M.A.K., J.W.J.); and Jain Foundation, Seattle, Washington (H.P.W., B.A.W., D.E.A.)
| | - Sankeerth Manne
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (A.F.C., J.G., S.M., A.O'N., R.J.B.); Charles River Laboratories, Kuopio, Finland (K.L., J.P., T.A.); Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland (M.A.K., J.W.J.); and Jain Foundation, Seattle, Washington (H.P.W., B.A.W., D.E.A.)
| | - Andrea O'Neill
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (A.F.C., J.G., S.M., A.O'N., R.J.B.); Charles River Laboratories, Kuopio, Finland (K.L., J.P., T.A.); Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland (M.A.K., J.W.J.); and Jain Foundation, Seattle, Washington (H.P.W., B.A.W., D.E.A.)
| | - Hillarie P Windish
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (A.F.C., J.G., S.M., A.O'N., R.J.B.); Charles River Laboratories, Kuopio, Finland (K.L., J.P., T.A.); Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland (M.A.K., J.W.J.); and Jain Foundation, Seattle, Washington (H.P.W., B.A.W., D.E.A.)
| | - Toni Ahtoniemi
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (A.F.C., J.G., S.M., A.O'N., R.J.B.); Charles River Laboratories, Kuopio, Finland (K.L., J.P., T.A.); Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland (M.A.K., J.W.J.); and Jain Foundation, Seattle, Washington (H.P.W., B.A.W., D.E.A.)
| | - Bradley A Williams
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (A.F.C., J.G., S.M., A.O'N., R.J.B.); Charles River Laboratories, Kuopio, Finland (K.L., J.P., T.A.); Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland (M.A.K., J.W.J.); and Jain Foundation, Seattle, Washington (H.P.W., B.A.W., D.E.A.)
| | - Douglas E Albrecht
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (A.F.C., J.G., S.M., A.O'N., R.J.B.); Charles River Laboratories, Kuopio, Finland (K.L., J.P., T.A.); Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland (M.A.K., J.W.J.); and Jain Foundation, Seattle, Washington (H.P.W., B.A.W., D.E.A.)
| | - Robert J Bloch
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (A.F.C., J.G., S.M., A.O'N., R.J.B.); Charles River Laboratories, Kuopio, Finland (K.L., J.P., T.A.); Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland (M.A.K., J.W.J.); and Jain Foundation, Seattle, Washington (H.P.W., B.A.W., D.E.A.)
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25
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Treatment with Recombinant Human MG53 Protein Increases Membrane Integrity in a Mouse Model of Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy 2B. Mol Ther 2017; 25:2360-2371. [PMID: 28750735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B (LGMD2B) and other dysferlinopathies are degenerative muscle diseases that result from mutations in the dysferlin gene and have limited treatment options. The dysferlin protein has been linked to multiple cellular functions including a Ca2+-dependent membrane repair process that reseals disruptions in the sarcolemmal membrane. Recombinant human MG53 protein (rhMG53) can increase the membrane repair process in multiple cell types both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we tested whether rhMG53 protein can improve membrane repair in a dysferlin-deficient mouse model of LGMD2B (B6.129-Dysftm1Kcam/J). We found that rhMG53 can increase the integrity of the sarcolemmal membrane of isolated muscle fibers and whole muscles in a Ca2+-independent fashion when assayed by a multi-photon laser wounding assay. Intraperitoneal injection of rhMG53 into mice before acute eccentric treadmill exercise can decrease the release of intracellular enzymes from skeletal muscle and decrease the entry of immunoglobulin G and Evans blue dye into muscle fibers in vivo. These results indicate that short-term rhMG53 treatment can ameliorate one of the underlying defects in dysferlin-deficient muscle by increasing sarcolemmal membrane integrity. We also provide evidence that rhMG53 protein increases membrane integrity independently of the canonical dysferlin-mediated, Ca2+-dependent pathway known to be important for sarcolemmal membrane repair.
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26
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Abstract
Dysferlinopathy is an autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy characterized by the progressive loss of motility that is caused by mutations throughout the DYSF gene. There are currently no approved therapies that ameliorate or reverse dysferlinopathy. Gene delivery using adeno-associated vectors (AAVs) is a leading therapeutic strategy for genetic diseases; however, the large size of dysferlin cDNA (6.2 kB) precludes packaging into a single AAV capsid. Therefore, using 3D structural modeling and hypothesizing dysferlin C2 domain redundancy, a 30% smaller, dysferlin-like molecule amenable to single AAV vector packaging was engineered (termed Nano-Dysferlin). The intracellular distribution of Nano-Dysferlin was similar to wild-type dysferlin and neither demonstrated toxicity when overexpressed in dysferlin-deficient patient myoblasts. Intramuscular injection of AAV-Nano-Dysferlin in young dysferlin-deficient mice significantly improved muscle integrity and decreased muscle turnover 3 weeks after treatment, as determined by Evans blue dye uptake and central nucleated fibers, respectively. Systemically administered AAV-Nano-Dysferlin to young adult dysferlin-deficient mice restored motor function and improved muscle integrity nearly 8 months after a single injection. These preclinical data are the first report of a smaller dysferlin variant tailored for AAV single particle delivery that restores motor function and, therefore, represents an attractive candidate for the treatment of dysferlinopathy.
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27
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Piper AK, Ross SE, Redpath GM, Lemckert FA, Woolger N, Bournazos A, Greer PA, Sutton RB, Cooper ST. Enzymatic cleavage of myoferlin releases a dual C2-domain module linked to ERK signalling. Cell Signal 2017; 33:30-40. [PMID: 28192161 PMCID: PMC5995151 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Myoferlin and dysferlin are closely related members of the ferlin family of Ca2+-regulated vesicle fusion proteins. Dysferlin is proposed to play a role in Ca2+-triggered vesicle fusion during membrane repair. Myoferlin regulates endocytosis, recycling of growth factor receptors and adhesion proteins, and is linked to the metastatic potential of cancer cells. Our previous studies establish that dysferlin is cleaved by calpains during membrane injury, with the cleavage motif encoded by alternately-spliced exon 40a. Herein we describe the cleavage of myoferlin, yielding a membrane-associated dual C2 domain 'mini-myoferlin'. Myoferlin bears two enzymatic cleavage sites: a canonical cleavage site encoded by exon 38 within the C2DE domain; and a second cleavage site in the linker adjacent to C2DE, encoded by alternately-spliced exon 38a, homologous to dysferlin exon 40a. Both myoferlin cleavage sites, when introduced into dysferlin, can functionally substitute for exon 40a to confer Ca2+-triggered calpain cleavage in response to membrane injury. However, enzymatic cleavage of myoferlin is complex, showing both constitutive or Ca2+-enhanced cleavage in different cell lines, that is not solely dependent on calpains-1 or -2. The functional impact of myoferlin cleavage was explored through signalling protein phospho-protein arrays revealing specific activation of ERK1/2 by ectopic expression of cleavable myoferlin, but not an uncleavable isoform. In summary, we molecularly define two enzymatic cleavage sites within myoferlin and demonstrate 'mini-myoferlin' can be detected in human breast cancer tumour samples and cell lines. These data further illustrate that enzymatic cleavage of ferlins is an evolutionarily preserved mechanism to release functionally specialized mini-modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Katrin Piper
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia; Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Samuel E Ross
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Gregory M Redpath
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Frances A Lemckert
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Natalie Woolger
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia; Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Adam Bournazos
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Peter A Greer
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Roger B Sutton
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Sandra T Cooper
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia; Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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28
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Demonbreun AR, McNally EM. Muscle cell communication in development and repair. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2017; 34:7-14. [PMID: 28419894 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Under basal conditions, postnatal skeletal muscle displays little cell turnover. With injury, muscle initiates a rapid repair response to reseal damaged membrane, reactivating many developmental pathways to facilitate muscle regeneration and prevent tissue loss. Muscle precursor cells become activated accompanied by differentiation and fusion during both muscle growth and regeneration; inter-cellular communication is required for successful completion of these processes. Cellular communication is mediated by lipids, fusogenic membrane proteins, and exosomes. Muscle-derived exosomes carry proteins and micro RNAs as cargo. Secreted factors such as IGF-1, TGFβ, and myostatin are also released by muscle cells providing local signaling cues to modulate muscle fusion and regeneration. Proteins that regulate myoblast fusion also participate in membrane repair and regeneration. Here we will review methods of muscle cell communication focusing on proteins that mediate membrane fusion, exosomes, and autocrine factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis R Demonbreun
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Elizabeth M McNally
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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29
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Cong X, Hubmayr RD, Li C, Zhao X. Plasma membrane wounding and repair in pulmonary diseases. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 312:L371-L391. [PMID: 28062486 PMCID: PMC5374305 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00486.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Various pathophysiological conditions such as surfactant dysfunction, mechanical ventilation, inflammation, pathogen products, environmental exposures, and gastric acid aspiration stress lung cells, and the compromise of plasma membranes occurs as a result. The mechanisms necessary for cells to repair plasma membrane defects have been extensively investigated in the last two decades, and some of these key repair mechanisms are also shown to occur following lung cell injury. Because it was theorized that lung wounding and repair are involved in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), in this review, we summarized the experimental evidence of lung cell injury in these two devastating syndromes and discuss relevant genetic, physical, and biological injury mechanisms, as well as mechanisms used by lung cells for cell survival and membrane repair. Finally, we discuss relevant signaling pathways that may be activated by chronic or repeated lung cell injury as an extension of our cell injury and repair focus in this review. We hope that a holistic view of injurious stimuli relevant for ARDS and IPF could lead to updated experimental models. In addition, parallel discussion of membrane repair mechanisms in lung cells and injury-activated signaling pathways would encourage research to bridge gaps in current knowledge. Indeed, deep understanding of lung cell wounding and repair, and discovery of relevant repair moieties for lung cells, should inspire the development of new therapies that are likely preventive and broadly effective for targeting injurious pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Cong
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Rolf D Hubmayr
- Emerius, Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Changgong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia;
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30
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Hofhuis J, Bersch K, Büssenschütt R, Drzymalski M, Liebetanz D, Nikolaev VO, Wagner S, Maier LS, Gärtner J, Klinge L, Thoms S. Dysferlin mediates membrane tubulation and links T-tubule biogenesis to muscular dystrophy. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:841-852. [PMID: 28104817 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.198861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The multi-C2 domain protein dysferlin localizes to the plasma membrane and the T-tubule system in skeletal muscle; however, its physiological mode of action is unknown. Mutations in the DYSF gene lead to autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B and Miyoshi myopathy. Here, we show that dysferlin has membrane tubulating capacity and that it shapes the T-tubule system. Dysferlin tubulates liposomes, generates a T-tubule-like membrane system in non-muscle cells, and links the recruitment of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate to the biogenesis of the T-tubule system. Pathogenic mutant forms interfere with all of these functions, indicating that muscular wasting and dystrophy are caused by the dysferlin mutants' inability to form a functional T-tubule membrane system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hofhuis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Kristina Bersch
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Ronja Büssenschütt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Marzena Drzymalski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - David Liebetanz
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Research Centre Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Regensburg 93042, Germany
| | - Lars S Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Regensburg 93042, Germany
| | - Jutta Gärtner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Lars Klinge
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Sven Thoms
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
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31
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Blazek AD, Paleo BJ, Weisleder N. Plasma Membrane Repair: A Central Process for Maintaining Cellular Homeostasis. Physiology (Bethesda) 2016; 30:438-48. [PMID: 26525343 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00019.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane repair is a conserved cellular response mediating active resealing of membrane disruptions to maintain homeostasis and prevent cell death and progression of multiple diseases. Cell membrane repair repurposes mechanisms from various cellular functions, including vesicle trafficking, exocytosis, and endocytosis, to mend the broken membrane. Recent studies increased our understanding of membrane repair by establishing the molecular machinery contributing to membrane resealing. Here, we review some of the key proteins linked to cell membrane repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa D Blazek
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Brian J Paleo
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Noah Weisleder
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
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Cárdenas AM, González-Jamett AM, Cea LA, Bevilacqua JA, Caviedes P. Dysferlin function in skeletal muscle: Possible pathological mechanisms and therapeutical targets in dysferlinopathies. Exp Neurol 2016; 283:246-54. [PMID: 27349407 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the dysferlin gene are linked to a group of muscular dystrophies known as dysferlinopathies. These myopathies are characterized by progressive atrophy. Studies in muscle tissue from dysferlinopathy patients or dysferlin-deficient mice point out its importance in membrane repair. However, expression of dysferlin homologous proteins that restore sarcolemma repair function in dysferlinopathy animal models fail to arrest muscle wasting, therefore suggesting that dysferlin plays other critical roles in muscle function. In the present review, we discuss dysferlin functions in the skeletal muscle, as well as pathological mechanisms related to dysferlin mutations. Particular focus is presented related the effect of dysferlin on cell membrane related function, which affect its repair, vesicle trafficking, as well as Ca(2+) homeostasis. Such mechanisms could provide accessible targets for pharmacological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Cárdenas
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Arlek M González-Jamett
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile; Programa de Anatomía y Biología del Desarrollo, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A Cea
- Programa de Anatomía y Biología del Desarrollo, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge A Bevilacqua
- Programa de Anatomía y Biología del Desarrollo, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Caviedes
- Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clinica, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Cea LA, Bevilacqua JA, Arriagada C, Cárdenas AM, Bigot A, Mouly V, Sáez JC, Caviedes P. The absence of dysferlin induces the expression of functional connexin-based hemichannels in human myotubes. BMC Cell Biol 2016; 17 Suppl 1:15. [PMID: 27229680 PMCID: PMC4896263 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-016-0096-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations in the gene encoding for dysferlin cause recessive autosomal muscular dystrophies called dysferlinopathies. These mutations induce several alterations in skeletal muscles, including, inflammation, increased membrane permeability and cell death. Despite the fact that the etiology of dysferlinopathies is known, the mechanism that explains the aforementioned alterations is still elusive. Therefore, we have now evaluated the potential involvement of connexin based hemichannels in the pathophysiology of dysferlinopathies. Results Human deltoid muscle biopsies of 5 Chilean dysferlinopathy patients exhibited the presence of muscular connexins (Cx40.1, Cx43 and Cx45). The presence of these connexins was also observed in human myotubes derived from immortalized myoblasts derived from other patients with mutated forms of dysferlin. In addition to the aforementioned connexins, these myotubes expressed functional connexin based hemichannels, evaluated by ethidium uptake assays, as opposed to myotubes obtained from a normal human muscle cell line, RCMH. This response was reproduced in a knock-down model of dysferlin, by treating RCMH cell line with small hairpin RNA specific for dysferlin (RCMH-sh Dysferlin). Also, the presence of P2X7 receptor and the transient receptor potential channel, TRPV2, another Ca2+ permeable channels, was detected in the myotubes expressing mutated dysferlin, and an elevated resting intracellular Ca2+ level was found in the latter myotubes, which was in turn reduced to control levels in the presence of the molecule D4, a selective Cx HCs inhibitor. Conclusions The data suggests that dysferlin deficiency, caused by mutation or downregulation of dysferlin, promotes the expression of Cx HCs. Then, the de novo expression Cx HC causes a dysregulation of intracellular free Ca2+ levels, which could underlie muscular damage associated to dysferlin mutations. This mechanism could constitute a potential therapeutical target in dysferlinopathies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12860-016-0096-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Cea
- Program of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Independencia #1027, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Jorge A Bevilacqua
- Program of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Independencia #1027, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Arriagada
- Program of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Independencia #1027, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana María Cárdenas
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Anne Bigot
- Center for Research in Myology, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, 47 Boulevard de l'hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Mouly
- Center for Research in Myology, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, 47 Boulevard de l'hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Juan C Sáez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Caviedes
- Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Codding SJ, Marty N, Abdullah N, Johnson CP. Dysferlin Binds SNAREs (Soluble N-Ethylmaleimide-sensitive Factor (NSF) Attachment Protein Receptors) and Stimulates Membrane Fusion in a Calcium-sensitive Manner. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:14575-84. [PMID: 27226605 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.727016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Resealing of tears in the sarcolemma of myofibers is a necessary step in the repair of muscle tissue. Recent work suggests a critical role for dysferlin in the membrane repair process and that mutations in dysferlin are responsible for limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2B and Miyoshi myopathy. Beyond membrane repair, dysferlin has been linked to SNARE-mediated exocytotic events including cytokine release and acid sphingomyelinase secretion. However, it is unclear whether dysferlin regulates SNARE-mediated membrane fusion. In this study we demonstrate a direct interaction between dysferlin and the SNARE proteins syntaxin 4 and SNAP-23. In addition, analysis of FRET and in vitro reconstituted lipid mixing assays indicate that dysferlin accelerates syntaxin 4/SNAP-23 heterodimer formation and SNARE-mediated lipid mixing in a calcium-sensitive manner. These results support a function for dysferlin as a calcium-sensing SNARE effector for membrane fusion events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara J Codding
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Naomi Marty
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Nazish Abdullah
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Colin P Johnson
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
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Demonbreun AR, Allen MV, Warner JL, Barefield DY, Krishnan S, Swanson KE, Earley JU, McNally EM. Enhanced Muscular Dystrophy from Loss of Dysferlin Is Accompanied by Impaired Annexin A6 Translocation after Sarcolemmal Disruption. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:1610-22. [PMID: 27070822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Dysferlin is a membrane-associated protein implicated in membrane resealing; loss of dysferlin leads to muscular dystrophy. We examined the same loss-of-function Dysf mutation in two different mouse strains, 129T2/SvEmsJ (Dysf(129)) and C57BL/6J (Dysf(B6)). Although there are many genetic differences between these two strains, we focused on polymorphisms in Anxa6 because these variants were previously associated with modifying a pathologically distinct form of muscular dystrophy and increased the production of a truncated annexin A6 protein. Dysferlin deficiency in the C57BL/6J background was associated with increased Evan's Blue dye uptake into muscle and increased serum creatine kinase compared to the 129T2/SvEmsJ background. In the C57BL/6J background, dysferlin loss was associated with enhanced pathologic severity, characterized by decreased mean fiber cross-sectional area, increased internalized nuclei, and increased fibrosis, compared to that in Dysf(129) mice. Macrophage infiltrate was also increased in Dysf(B6) muscle. High-resolution imaging of live myofibers demonstrated that fibers from Dysf(B6) mice displayed reduced translocation of full-length annexin A6 to the site of laser-induced sarcolemmal disruption compared to Dysf(129) myofibers, and impaired translocation of annexin A6 associated with impaired resealing of the sarcolemma. These results provide one mechanism by which the C57BL/6J background intensifies dysferlinopathy, giving rise to a more severe form of muscular dystrophy in the Dysf(B6) mouse model through increased membrane leak and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Madison V Allen
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - James L Warner
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David Y Barefield
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Swathi Krishnan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kaitlin E Swanson
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Judy U Earley
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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36
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Yue Y, Binalsheikh IM, Leach SB, Domeier TL, Duan D. Prospect of gene therapy for cardiomyopathy in hereditary muscular dystrophy. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2015; 4:169-183. [PMID: 27340611 DOI: 10.1517/21678707.2016.1124039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiac involvement is a common feature in muscular dystrophies. It presents as heart failure and/or arrhythmia. Traditionally, dystrophic cardiomyopathy is treated with symptom-relieving medications. Identification of disease-causing genes and investigation on pathogenic mechanisms have opened new opportunities to treat dystrophic cardiomyopathy with gene therapy. Replacing/repairing the mutated gene and/or targeting the pathogenic process/mechanisms using alternative genes may attenuate heart disease in muscular dystrophies. AREAS COVERED Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the most common muscular dystrophy. Duchenne cardiomyopathy has been the primary focus of ongoing dystrophic cardiomyopathy gene therapy studies. Here, we use Duchenne cardiomyopathy gene therapy to showcase recent developments and to outline the path forward. We also discuss gene therapy status for cardiomyopathy associated with limb-girdle and congenital muscular dystrophies, and myotonic dystrophy. EXPERT OPINION Gene therapy for dystrophic cardiomyopathy has taken a slow but steady path forward. Preclinical studies over the last decades have addressed many fundamental questions. Adeno-associated virus-mediated gene therapy has significantly improved the outcomes in rodent models of Duchenne and limb girdle muscular dystrophies. Validation of these encouraging results in large animal models will pave the way to future human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Yue
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri
| | | | - Stacey B Leach
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri
| | - Timothy L Domeier
- Department of Medical Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri
| | - Dongsheng Duan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri
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Abstract
Since an intact membrane is required for normal cellular homeostasis, membrane repair is essential for cell survival. Human genetic studies, combined with the development of novel animal models and refinement of techniques to study cellular injury, have now uncovered series of repair proteins highly relevant for human health. Many of the deficient repair pathways manifest in skeletal muscle, where defective repair processes result in myopathies or other forms of muscle disease. Dysferlin is a membrane-associated protein implicated in sarcolemmal repair and also linked to other membrane functions including the maintenance of transverse tubules in muscle. MG53, annexins, and Eps15 homology domain-containing proteins interact with dysferlin to form a membrane repair complex and similarly have roles in membrane trafficking in muscle. These molecular features of membrane repair are not unique to skeletal muscle, but rather skeletal muscle, due to its high demands, is more dependent on an efficient repair process. Phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, as well as Ca(2+), are central regulators of membrane organization during repair. Given the importance of muscle health in disease and in aging, these pathways are targets to enhance muscle function and recovery from injury.
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38
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Abstract
Eukaryotic cells have been confronted throughout their evolution with potentially lethal plasma membrane injuries, including those caused by osmotic stress, by infection from bacterial toxins and parasites, and by mechanical and ischemic stress. The wounded cell can survive if a rapid repair response is mounted that restores boundary integrity. Calcium has been identified as the key trigger to activate an effective membrane repair response that utilizes exocytosis and endocytosis to repair a membrane tear, or remove a membrane pore. We here review what is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms of membrane repair, with particular emphasis on the relevance of repair as it relates to disease pathologies. Collective evidence reveals membrane repair employs primitive yet robust molecular machinery, such as vesicle fusion and contractile rings, processes evolutionarily honed for simplicity and success. Yet to be fully understood is whether core membrane repair machinery exists in all cells, or whether evolutionary adaptation has resulted in multiple compensatory repair pathways that specialize in different tissues and cells within our body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra T Cooper
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Paul L McNeil
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
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39
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Demonbreun AR, Biersmith BH, McNally EM. Membrane fusion in muscle development and repair. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 45:48-56. [PMID: 26537430 PMCID: PMC4679555 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mature skeletal muscle forms from the fusion of skeletal muscle precursor cells, myoblasts. Myoblasts fuse to other myoblasts to generate multinucleate myotubes during myogenesis, and myoblasts also fuse to other myotubes during muscle growth and repair. Proteins within myoblasts and myotubes regulate complex processes such as elongation, migration, cell adherence, cytoskeletal reorganization, membrane coalescence, and ultimately fusion. Recent studies have identified cell surface proteins, intracellular proteins, and extracellular signaling molecules required for the proper fusion of muscle. Many proteins that actively participate in myoblast fusion also coordinate membrane repair. Here we will review mammalian membrane fusion with specific attention to proteins that mediate myoblast fusion and muscle repair.
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40
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Roche JA, Tulapurkar ME, Mueller AL, van Rooijen N, Hasday JD, Lovering RM, Bloch RJ. Myofiber damage precedes macrophage infiltration after in vivo injury in dysferlin-deficient A/J mouse skeletal muscle. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:1686-98. [PMID: 25920768 PMCID: PMC4450316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the dysferlin gene (DYSF) lead to human muscular dystrophies known as dysferlinopathies. The dysferlin-deficient A/J mouse develops a mild myopathy after 6 months of age, and when younger models the subclinical phase of the human disease. We subjected the tibialis anterior muscle of 3- to 4-month-old A/J mice to in vivo large-strain injury (LSI) from lengthening contractions and studied the progression of torque loss, myofiber damage, and inflammation afterward. We report that myofiber damage in A/J mice occurs before inflammatory cell infiltration. Peak edema and inflammation, monitored by magnetic resonance imaging and by immunofluorescence labeling of neutrophils and macrophages, respectively, develop 24 to 72 hours after LSI, well after the appearance of damaged myofibers. Cytokine profiles 72 hours after injury are consistent with extensive macrophage infiltration. Dysferlin-sufficient A/WySnJ mice show much less myofiber damage and inflammation and lesser cytokine levels after LSI than do A/J mice. Partial suppression of macrophage infiltration by systemic administration of clodronate-incorporated liposomes fails to suppress LSI-induced damage or to accelerate torque recovery in A/J mice. The findings from our studies suggest that, although macrophage infiltration is prominent in dysferlin-deficient A/J muscle after LSI, it is the consequence and not the cause of progressive myofiber damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Roche
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Mohan E Tulapurkar
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Amber L Mueller
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nico van Rooijen
- Clodronateliposomes.com, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey D Hasday
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Richard M Lovering
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert J Bloch
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
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Philippi S, Lorain S, Beley C, Peccate C, Précigout G, Spuler S, Garcia L. Dysferlin rescue by spliceosome-mediated pre-mRNA trans-splicing targeting introns harbouring weakly defined 3' splice sites. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:4049-60. [PMID: 25904108 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The modification of the pre-mRNA cis-splicing process employing a pre-mRNA trans-splicing molecule (PTM) is an attractive strategy for the in situ correction of genes whose careful transcription regulation and full-length expression is determinative for protein function, as it is the case for the dysferlin (DYSF, Dysf) gene. Loss-of-function mutations of DYSF result in different types of muscular dystrophy mainly manifesting as limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2B (LGMD2B) and Miyoshi muscular dystrophy 1 (MMD1). We established a 3' replacement strategy for mutated DYSF pre-mRNAs induced by spliceosome-mediated pre-mRNA trans-splicing (SmaRT) by the use of a PTM. In contrast to previously established SmaRT strategies, we particularly focused on the identification of a suitable pre-mRNA target intron other than the optimization of the PTM design. By targeting DYSF pre-mRNA introns harbouring differentially defined 3' splice sites (3' SS), we found that target introns encoding weakly defined 3' SSs were trans-spliced successfully in vitro in human LGMD2B myoblasts as well as in vivo in skeletal muscle of wild-type and Dysf(-/-) mice. For the first time, we demonstrate rescue of Dysf protein by SmaRT in vivo. Moreover, we identified concordant qualities among the successfully targeted Dysf introns and targeted endogenous introns in previously reported SmaRT approaches that might facilitate a selective choice of target introns in future SmaRT strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Philippi
- Université de Versailles St-Quentin, INSERM U1179, LIA BAHN Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 2 Avenue de la Source de la Bievre, Montigny-le-Bretonneux 78180, France, Muscle Research Unit, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Joint Cooperation Between Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité Medical Faculty, Berlin, Germany and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Myology Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Lorain
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Myology Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Cyriaque Beley
- Université de Versailles St-Quentin, INSERM U1179, LIA BAHN Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 2 Avenue de la Source de la Bievre, Montigny-le-Bretonneux 78180, France
| | - Cécile Peccate
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Myology Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Précigout
- Université de Versailles St-Quentin, INSERM U1179, LIA BAHN Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 2 Avenue de la Source de la Bievre, Montigny-le-Bretonneux 78180, France
| | - Simone Spuler
- Muscle Research Unit, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Joint Cooperation Between Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité Medical Faculty, Berlin, Germany and
| | - Luis Garcia
- Université de Versailles St-Quentin, INSERM U1179, LIA BAHN Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 2 Avenue de la Source de la Bievre, Montigny-le-Bretonneux 78180, France,
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Pryadkina M, Lostal W, Bourg N, Charton K, Roudaut C, Hirsch ML, Richard I. A comparison of AAV strategies distinguishes overlapping vectors for efficient systemic delivery of the 6.2 kb Dysferlin coding sequence. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2015; 2:15009. [PMID: 26029720 PMCID: PMC4445010 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2015.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) is currently the best vector for gene delivery into the skeletal muscle. However, the 5-kb packaging size of this virus is a major obstacle for large gene transfer. This past decade, many different strategies were developed to circumvent this issue (concatemerization-splicing, overlapping vectors, hybrid dual or fragmented AAV). Loss of function mutations in the DYSF gene whose coding sequence is 6.2kb lead to progressive muscular dystrophies (LGMD2B: OMIM_253601; MM: OMIM_254130; DMAT: OMIM_606768). In this study, we compared large gene transfer techniques to deliver the DYSF gene into the skeletal muscle. After rAAV8s intramuscular injection into dysferlin deficient mice, we showed that the overlap strategy is the most effective approach to reconstitute a full-length messenger. After systemic administration, the level of dysferlin obtained on different muscles corresponded to 0.5- to 2-fold compared to the normal level. We further demonstrated that the overlapping vector set was efficient to correct the histopathology, resistance to eccentric contractions and whole body force in the dysferlin deficient mice. Altogether, these data indicate that using overlapping vectors could be a promising approach for a potential clinical treatment of dysferlinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Pryadkina
- Inserm, U951 , Evry, France ; Genethon, R&D Department, INTEGRARE Research Unit , Evry, France
| | - William Lostal
- Inserm, U951 , Evry, France ; Genethon, R&D Department, INTEGRARE Research Unit , Evry, France
| | - Nathalie Bourg
- Inserm, U951 , Evry, France ; Genethon, R&D Department, INTEGRARE Research Unit , Evry, France
| | - Karine Charton
- Inserm, U951 , Evry, France ; Genethon, R&D Department, INTEGRARE Research Unit , Evry, France
| | - Carinne Roudaut
- Inserm, U951 , Evry, France ; Genethon, R&D Department, INTEGRARE Research Unit , Evry, France
| | - Matthew L Hirsch
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA ; Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Isabelle Richard
- Inserm, U951 , Evry, France ; Genethon, R&D Department, INTEGRARE Research Unit , Evry, France
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43
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Abstract
A collection of more than 30 genetic muscle diseases that share certain key features, limb-girdle muscular dystrophies are characterized by progressive weakness and muscle atrophy of the hips, shoulders, and proximal extremity muscles with postnatal onset. This article discusses clinical, laboratory, and histologic features of the 6 most prevalent limb-girdle dystrophies. In this large group of disorders, certain distinctive features often can guide clinicians to a correct diagnosis.
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44
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Grounds MD, Terrill JR, Radley-Crabb HG, Robertson T, Papadimitriou J, Spuler S, Shavlakadze T. Lipid accumulation in dysferlin-deficient muscles. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:1668-76. [PMID: 24685690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Dysferlin is a membrane associated protein involved in vesicle trafficking and fusion. Defects in dysferlin result in limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B and Miyoshi myopathy in humans and myopathy in A/J(dys-/-) and BLAJ mice, but the pathomechanism of the myopathy is not understood. Oil Red O staining showed many lipid droplets within the psoas and quadriceps muscles of dysferlin-deficient A/J(dys-/-) mice aged 8 and 12 months, and lipid droplets were also conspicuous within human myofibers from patients with dysferlinopathy (but not other myopathies). Electron microscopy of 8-month-old A/J(dys-/-) psoas muscles confirmed lipid droplets within myofibers and showed disturbed architecture of myofibers. In addition, the presence of many adipocytes was confirmed, and a possible role for dysferlin in adipocytes is suggested. Increased expression of mRNA for a gene involved in early lipogenesis, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-δ, in 3-month-old A/J(dys-/-) quadriceps (before marked histopathology is evident), indicates early induction of lipogenesis/adipogenesis within dysferlin-deficient muscles. Similar results were seen for dysferlin-deficient BLAJ mice. These novel observations of conspicuous intermyofibrillar lipid and progressive adipocyte replacement in dysferlin-deficient muscles present a new focus for investigating the mechanisms that result in the progressive decline of muscle function in dysferlinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda D Grounds
- Schools of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - Jessica R Terrill
- Schools of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Hannah G Radley-Crabb
- Schools of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; CHIRI Biosciences Research Precinct, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Terry Robertson
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - John Papadimitriou
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Simone Spuler
- Muscle Research Unit, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tea Shavlakadze
- Schools of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Cis-splicing and translation of the pre-trans-splicing molecule combine with efficiency in spliceosome-mediated RNA trans-splicing. Mol Ther 2014; 22:1176-1187. [PMID: 24618805 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2014.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies are a group of genetically distinct diseases for which no treatment exists. While gene transfer approach is being tested for several of these diseases, such strategies can be hampered when the size of the corresponding complementary DNA (cDNA) exceeds the packaging capacity of adeno-associated virus vectors. This issue concerns, in particular, dysferlinopathies and titinopathies that are due to mutations in the dysferlin (DYSF) and titin (TTN) genes. We investigated the efficacy of RNA trans-splicing as a mode of RNA therapy for these two types of diseases. Results obtained with RNA trans-splicing molecules designed to target the 3' end of mouse titin and human dysferlin pre-mRNA transcripts indicated that trans-splicing of pre-mRNA generated from minigene constructs or from the endogenous genes was achieved. Collectively, these results provide the first demonstration of DYSF and TTN trans-splicing reprogramming in vitro and in vivo. However, in addition to these positive results, we uncovered a possible issue of the technique in the form of undesirable translation of RNA pre-trans-splicing molecules, directly from open reading frames present on the molecule or associated with internal alternative cis-splicing. These events may hamper the efficiency of the trans-splicing process and/or lead to toxicity.
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Dysferlin stabilizes stress-induced Ca2+ signaling in the transverse tubule membrane. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:20831-6. [PMID: 24302765 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1307960110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysferlinopathies, most commonly limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2B and Miyoshi myopathy, are degenerative myopathies caused by mutations in the DYSF gene encoding the protein dysferlin. Studies of dysferlin have focused on its role in the repair of the sarcolemma of skeletal muscle, but dysferlin's association with calcium (Ca(2+)) signaling proteins in the transverse (t-) tubules suggests additional roles. Here, we reveal that dysferlin is enriched in the t-tubule membrane of mature skeletal muscle fibers. Following experimental membrane stress in vitro, dysferlin-deficient muscle fibers undergo extensive functional and structural disruption of the t-tubules that is ameliorated by reducing external [Ca(2+)] or blocking L-type Ca(2+) channels with diltiazem. Furthermore, we demonstrate that diltiazem treatment of dysferlin-deficient mice significantly reduces eccentric contraction-induced t-tubule damage, inflammation, and necrosis, which resulted in a concomitant increase in postinjury functional recovery. Our discovery of dysferlin as a t-tubule protein that stabilizes stress-induced Ca(2+) signaling offers a therapeutic avenue for limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2B and Miyoshi myopathy patients.
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Fuson K, Rice A, Mahling R, Snow A, Nayak K, Shanbhogue P, Meyer AG, Redpath GMI, Hinderliter A, Cooper ST, Sutton RB. Alternate splicing of dysferlin C2A confers Ca²⁺-dependent and Ca²⁺-independent binding for membrane repair. Structure 2013; 22:104-15. [PMID: 24239457 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Dysferlin plays a critical role in the Ca²⁺-dependent repair of microlesions that occur in the muscle sarcolemma. Of the seven C2 domains in dysferlin, only C2A is reported to bind both Ca²⁺ and phospholipid, thus acting as a key sensor in membrane repair. Dysferlin C2A exists as two isoforms, the "canonical" C2A and C2A variant 1 (C2Av1). Interestingly, these isoforms have markedly different responses to Ca²⁺ and phospholipid. Structural and thermodynamic analyses are consistent with the canonical C2A domain as a Ca²⁺-dependent, phospholipid-binding domain, whereas C2Av1 would likely be Ca²⁺-independent under physiological conditions. Additionally, both isoforms display remarkably low free energies of stability, indicative of a highly flexible structure. The inverted ligand preference and flexibility for both C2A isoforms suggest the capability for both constitutive and Ca²⁺-regulated effector interactions, an activity that would be essential in its role as a mediator of membrane repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Fuson
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Anne Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth 55812 MN, USA
| | - Ryan Mahling
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth 55812 MN, USA
| | - Adam Snow
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Kamakshi Nayak
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Prajna Shanbhogue
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Austin G Meyer
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Gregory M I Redpath
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Anne Hinderliter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth 55812 MN, USA
| | - Sandra T Cooper
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - R Bryan Sutton
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
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Demonbreun AR, Rossi AE, Alvarez MG, Swanson KE, Deveaux HK, Earley JU, Hadhazy M, Vohra R, Walter GA, Pytel P, McNally EM. Dysferlin and myoferlin regulate transverse tubule formation and glycerol sensitivity. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 184:248-59. [PMID: 24177035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dysferlin is a membrane-associated protein implicated in muscular dystrophy and vesicle movement and function in muscles. The precise role of dysferlin has been debated, partly because of the mild phenotype in dysferlin-null mice (Dysf). We bred Dysf mice to mice lacking myoferlin (MKO) to generate mice lacking both myoferlin and dysferlin (FER). FER animals displayed progressive muscle damage with myofiber necrosis, internalized nuclei, and, at older ages, chronic remodeling and increasing creatine kinase levels. These changes were most prominent in proximal limb and trunk muscles and were more severe than in Dysf mice. Consistently, FER animals had reduced ad libitum activity. Ultrastructural studies uncovered progressive dilation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and ectopic and misaligned transverse tubules in FER skeletal muscle. FER muscle, and Dysf- and MKO-null muscle, exuded lipid, and serum glycerol levels were elevated in FER and Dysf mice. Glycerol injection into muscle is known to induce myopathy, and glycerol exposure promotes detachment of transverse tubules from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Dysf, MKO, and FER muscles were highly susceptible to glycerol exposure in vitro, demonstrating a dysfunctional sarcotubule system, and in vivo glycerol exposure induced severe muscular dystrophy, especially in FER muscle. Together, these findings demonstrate the importance of dysferlin and myoferlin for transverse tubule function and in the genesis of muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann E Rossi
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Manuel G Alvarez
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kaitlin E Swanson
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - H Kieran Deveaux
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Judy U Earley
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michele Hadhazy
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ravneet Vohra
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Glenn A Walter
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Peter Pytel
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Elizabeth M McNally
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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Krajacic P, Pistilli EE, Tanis JE, Khurana TS, Lamitina ST. FER-1/Dysferlin promotes cholinergic signaling at the neuromuscular junction in C. elegans and mice. Biol Open 2013; 2:1245-52. [PMID: 24244862 PMCID: PMC3828772 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20135637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysferlin is a member of the evolutionarily conserved ferlin gene family. Mutations in Dysferlin lead to Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy 2B (LGMD2B), an inherited, progressive and incurable muscle disorder. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying disease pathogenesis are not fully understood. We found that both loss-of-function mutations and muscle-specific overexpression of C. elegans fer-1, the founding member of the Dysferlin gene family, caused defects in muscle cholinergic signaling. To determine if Dysferlin-dependent regulation of cholinergic signaling is evolutionarily conserved, we examined the in vivo physiological properties of skeletal muscle synaptic signaling in a mouse model of Dysferlin-deficiency. In addition to a loss in muscle strength, Dysferlin −/− mice also exhibited a cholinergic deficit manifested by a progressive, frequency-dependent decrement in their compound muscle action potentials following repetitive nerve stimulation, which was observed in another Dysferlin mouse model but not in a Dysferlin-independent mouse model of muscular dystrophy. Oral administration of Pyridostigmine bromide, a clinically used acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AchE.I) known to increase synaptic efficacy, reversed the action potential defect and restored in vivo muscle strength to Dysferlin −/− mice without altering muscle pathophysiology. Our data demonstrate a previously unappreciated role for Dysferlin in the regulation of cholinergic signaling and suggest that such regulation may play a significant pathophysiological role in LGMD2B disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Predrag Krajacic
- Department of Physiology, Richards Research Building A702, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104 , USA ; Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, 700A Clinical Research Building, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104 , USA
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50
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Meregalli M, Navarro C, Sitzia C, Farini A, Montani E, Wein N, Razini P, Beley C, Cassinelli L, Parolini D, Belicchi M, Parazzoli D, Garcia L, Torrente Y. Full-length dysferlin expression driven by engineered human dystrophic blood derived CD133+ stem cells. FEBS J 2013; 280:6045-60. [PMID: 24028392 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The protein dysferlin is abundantly expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscles, where its main function is membrane repair. Mutations in the dysferlin gene are involved in two autosomal recessive muscular dystrophies: Miyoshi myopathy and limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B. Development of effective therapies remains a great challenge. Strategies to repair the dysferlin gene by skipping mutated exons, using antisense oligonucleotides (AONs), may be suitable only for a subset of mutations, while cell and gene therapy can be extended to all mutations. AON-treated blood-derived CD133+ stem cells isolated from patients with Miyoshi myopathy led to partial dysferlin reconstitution in vitro but failed to express dysferlin after intramuscular transplantation into scid/blAJ dysferlin null mice. We thus extended these experiments producing the full-length dysferlin mediated by a lentiviral vector in blood-derived CD133+ stem cells isolated from the same patients. Transplantation of engineered blood-derived CD133+ stem cells into scid/blAJ mice resulted in sufficient dysferlin expression to correct functional deficits in skeletal muscle membrane repair. Our data suggest for the first time that lentivirus-mediated delivery of full-length dysferlin in stem cells isolated from Miyoshi myopathy patients could represent an alternative therapeutic approach for treatment of dysferlinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Meregalli
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milano, Italy
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