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Hardouin ME, Hargreaves AL. Mapping nationally and globally at-risk species to identify hotspots for (and gaps in) conservation. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20222307. [PMID: 36919428 PMCID: PMC10015333 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.2307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Protecting habitat of species at risk is critical to their recovery, but can be contentious. For example, protecting species that are locally imperilled but globally common is often thought to distract from protecting globally imperilled species. However, such perceived trade-offs are based on the assumption that threatened groups have little spatial overlap, which is rarely quantified. We compiled range maps of terrestrial species at risk in Canada to assess the geographic overlap of nationally and globally at-risk species with each other, among taxonomic groups, and with protected areas. While many nationally at-risk taxa only occur in Canada at their northern range edge, they are not significantly more peripheral in Canada than globally at-risk species. Further, 56% of hotspots of nationally at-risk taxa are also hotspots of globally at-risk species, undercutting the perceived trade-off in their protection. While strong spatial overlap across threat levels and taxa should facilitate efficient habitat protection, less than 7% of the area in Canada's at-risk hotspots is protected, and two-thirds of nationally and globally at-risk species in Canada have less than 10% of their Canadian range protected. Our results counter the perception that protecting nationally versus globally at-risk species are at odds, and identify critical areas to target as Canada strives to increase its protected areas and promote recovery of species at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie E. Hardouin
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Dr. Penfield Ave, Montreal, Quebec Canada, H3A 1B1
| | - Anna L. Hargreaves
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Dr. Penfield Ave, Montreal, Quebec Canada, H3A 1B1
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2
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Lichen and Lichenicolous Fungal Communities Tested as Suitable Systems for the Application of Cross-Taxon Analysis. DIVERSITY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/d15020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Lichens are outstanding examples of fungal symbioses that form long-lived structures, the lichen thalli, in which a multiplicity of other microorganisms are hosted. Among these, microfungi seem to establish diverse trophic relationships with their lichen hosts. The most specialised of these fungi are the parasitic lichenicolous fungi, of which the diversity has hardly been explained as a proxy for the diversity of lichen species. Here, we used an exemplar dataset of a well-studied alpine lichen community composed of 63 lichen and 41 lichenicolous fungal species and tested it to verify the strength of the co-occurrences of the two species groups with predictive co-correspondence analyses. The results showed that the distribution of lichen abundances affects the abundance and variation of lichenicolous fungi and supports our hypothesis to use lichens as surrogates for lichenicolous fungi in surrogacy analysis.
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Covre AC, Lourenço-de-Moraes R, Campos FS, Benedito E. Spatial relationships between fishes and amphibians: implications for conservation planning in a Neotropical Hotspot. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 70:978-989. [PMID: 36036277 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-022-01707-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Species distribution patterns are widely used to guide conservation planning and are a central issue in ecology. The usefulness of spatial correlation analysis has been highlighted in several ecological applications so far. However, spatial assumptions in ecology are highly scale-dependent, in which geographical relationships between species diversity and distributions can have different conservation concerns. Here, an integrative landscape planning was designed to show the spatial distribution patterns of taxonomic and functional diversity of amphibians and fishes, from multiple species traits regarding morphology, life history, and behavior. We used spatial, morphological, and ecological data of amphibians and fishes to calculate the functional diversity and the spatial correlation of species. Mapping results show that the higher taxonomic and functional diversity of fishes is concentrated in the West Atlantic Forest. Considering amphibians, are located in the East portion of the biome. The spatial correlation of species indicates the regions of the Serra do Mar and the extreme southern part of the Central Corridor as the main overlapped species distribution areas between both groups. New key conservation sites were reported within the Brazilian Atlantic Forest hotspot, revealing cross-taxon mismatches between terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. This study offers useful spatial information integrating suitable habitats of fishes and amphibians to complement existing and future research based on terrestrial and freshwater conservation. New priorities for biodiversity conservation in rich-species regions highlight the importance of spatial pattern analysis to support land-use planning in a macroecological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Caroline Covre
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais (PEA), Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Lourenço-de-Moraes
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Monitoramento Ambiental (PPGEMA), Campus IV - Litoral Norte, Av. Santa Elizabete s/n, Centro, 58297-000, Rio Tinto, PB, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Siqueira Campos
- NOVA Information Management School (NOVA IMS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Campolide, 1070-312, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Evanilde Benedito
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais (PEA), Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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4
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Arthropod diversity and assemblage structure response to deforestation and desertification in the Sahel of western Senegal. Glob Ecol Conserv 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Gür H. The Anatolian diagonal revisited: Testing the ecological basis of a biogeographic boundary. ZOOLOGY IN THE MIDDLE EAST 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09397140.2016.1226544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Gür
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey
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6
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González-Orozco CE, Mishler BD, Miller JT, Laffan SW, Knerr N, Unmack P, Georges A, Thornhill AH, Rosauer DF, Gruber B. Assessing biodiversity and endemism using phylogenetic methods across multiple taxonomic groups. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:5177-5192. [PMID: 30151122 PMCID: PMC6102556 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying geographical areas with the greatest representation of the tree of life is an important goal for the management and conservation of biodiversity. While there are methods available for using a single phylogenetic tree to assess spatial patterns of biodiversity, there has been limited exploration of how separate phylogenies from multiple taxonomic groups can be used jointly to map diversity and endemism. Here, we demonstrate how to apply different phylogenetic approaches to assess biodiversity across multiple taxonomic groups. We map spatial patterns of phylogenetic diversity/endemism to identify concordant areas with the greatest representation of biodiversity across multiple taxa and demonstrate the approach by applying it to the Murray–Darling basin region of southeastern Australia. The areas with significant centers of phylogenetic diversity and endemism were distributed differently for the five taxonomic groups studied (plant genera, fish, tree frogs, acacias, and eucalypts); no strong shared patterns across all five groups emerged. However, congruence was apparent between some groups in some parts of the basin. The northern region of the basin emerges from the analysis as a priority area for future conservation initiatives focused on eucalypts and tree frogs. The southern region is particularly important for conservation of the evolutionary heritage of plants and fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E González-Orozco
- Institute for Applied Ecology and Collaborative Research Network for Murray-Darling Basin Futures University of Canberra Canberra Australian Capital Territory 2601 Australia
| | - Brent D Mishler
- University and Jepson Herbaria Department of Integrative Biology University of California Berkeley California 94720-2465
| | - Joseph T Miller
- Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research CSIRO Plant Industry GPO Box 1600 Canberra Australian Capital Territory 2601 Australia.,Division of Environmental Biology National Science Foundation Arlington Virginia 22230
| | - Shawn W Laffan
- Centre for Ecosystem Science School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Kensington New South Wales 2052
| | - Nunzio Knerr
- Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research CSIRO Plant Industry GPO Box 1600 Canberra Australian Capital Territory 2601 Australia
| | - Peter Unmack
- Institute for Applied Ecology and Collaborative Research Network for Murray-Darling Basin Futures University of Canberra Canberra Australian Capital Territory 2601 Australia
| | - Arthur Georges
- Institute for Applied Ecology and Collaborative Research Network for Murray-Darling Basin Futures University of Canberra Canberra Australian Capital Territory 2601 Australia
| | - Andrew H Thornhill
- University and Jepson Herbaria Department of Integrative Biology University of California Berkeley California 94720-2465.,Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research CSIRO Plant Industry GPO Box 1600 Canberra Australian Capital Territory 2601 Australia.,Australian Tropical Herbarium James Cook University Cairns QLD 4870 Australia
| | - Dan F Rosauer
- Division of Ecology, Evolution and Genetics Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory 0200 Australia
| | - Bernd Gruber
- Institute for Applied Ecology and Collaborative Research Network for Murray-Darling Basin Futures University of Canberra Canberra Australian Capital Territory 2601 Australia
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Urban biodiversity hotspots are not related to the structure of green spaces: a case study of tenebrionid beetles from Rome, Italy. Urban Ecosyst 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-014-0375-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Fattorini S. Relations between species rarity, vulnerability, and range contraction for a beetle group in a densely populated region in the Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2014; 28:169-176. [PMID: 24471783 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Rarity is often considered an indication of species extinction risk, and it is frequently used to obtain measures of species vulnerability. However, there is no strong evidence of a correlation between species vulnerability and threat. Moreover, there is no consensus about how rarity should be measured. I used a multidimensional characterization of species rarity to calculate a vulnerability index for tenebrionid beetles inhabiting an Italian region in the Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot. I used different metrics to examine 3 dimensions of rarity: species range, ecology, and population. Species with rarity values below the median were scored as rare for each dimension. I combined rarity scores into a vulnerability index. I then correlated species vulnerability with range trends (expanded vs. contracted). Different measures of the same rarity dimension were strongly correlated and produced similar vulnerability scores. This result indicates rarity-based vulnerability estimates are slightly affected by the way a certain rarity dimension is measured. Vulnerability was correlated with range trends; species with the highest vulnerability had the strongest range contraction. However, a large number of common species also underwent range contraction in the last 50 years, and there was no clear relation between range contraction and their ecology. This indicates that in general human-induced environmental changes affected species irrespective of their assumed vulnerability and that focusing only on rare species may severely bias perceptions of the extent of species decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Fattorini
- Azorean Biodiversity Group (CITA-A) and Platform for Enhancing Ecological Research & Sustainability (PEERS) Universidade dos Açores; Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Pico da Urze, 9700-04, Angra do Heroísmo, Terceira, Açores, Portugal; Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milan, Italy
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Leach E, Nakamura A, Turco F, Burwell CJ, Catterall CP, Kitching RL. Potential of ants and beetles as indicators of rainforest restoration: characterising pasture and rainforest remnants as reference habitats. ECOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT & RESTORATION 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/emr.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Lemmens P, Mergeay J, De Bie T, Van Wichelen J, De Meester L, Declerck SAJ. How to maximally support local and regional biodiversity in applied conservation? Insights from pond management. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72538. [PMID: 23951328 PMCID: PMC3741229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiversity and nature values in anthropogenic landscapes often depend on land use practices and management. Evaluations of the association between management and biodiversity remain, however, comparatively scarce, especially in aquatic systems. Furthermore, studies also tend to focus on a limited set of organism groups at the local scale, whereas a multi-group approach at the landscape scale is to be preferred. This study aims to investigate the effect of pond management on the diversity of multiple aquatic organism groups (e.g. phytoplankton, zooplankton, several groups of macro-invertebrates, submerged and emergent macrophytes) at local and regional spatial scales. For this purpose, we performed a field study of 39 shallow man-made ponds representing five different management types. Our results indicate that fish stock management and periodic pond drainage are crucial drivers of pond biodiversity. Furthermore, this study provides insight in how the management of eutrophied ponds can contribute to aquatic biodiversity. A combination of regular draining of ponds with efforts to keep ponds free of fish seems to be highly beneficial for the biodiversity of many groups of aquatic organisms at local and regional scales. Regular draining combined with a stocking of fish at low biomass is also preferable to infrequent draining and lack of fish stock control. These insights are essential for the development of conservation programs that aim long-term maintenance of regional biodiversity in pond areas across Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Lemmens
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, Leuven, Belgium.
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Regional insect inventories require long time, extensive spatial sampling and good will. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62118. [PMID: 23630627 PMCID: PMC3632580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how faunistic knowledge develops is of paramount importance to correctly evaluate completeness of insect inventories and to plan future research at regional scale, yet this is an unexplored issue. Aim of this paper was to investigate the processes that lead to a complete species inventory at a regional level for a beetle family. The tenebionid beetles of Latium region (Italy) were analysed as a case study representative of general situations. A comprehensive faunistic database including 3,561 records spanning from 1871 to 2010 was realized examining 25,349 museum specimens and published data. Accumulation curves and non-parametric estimators of species richness were applied to model increase in faunistic knowledge over time, through space and by collectors' number. Long time, large spatial extent and contribution of many collectors were needed to obtain a reliable species inventory. Massive sampling was not effective in recovering more species. Amateur naturalists (here called parafaunists) were more efficient collectors than professional entomologists. Museum materials collected by parafaunists over long periods and large spatial extent resulted to be a cost effective source of faunistic information with small number of collected individuals. It is therefore important to valuate and facilitate the work of parafaunists as already suggested for parataxonomists. By contrast, massive collections by standardized techniques for ecological research seem to be of scarce utility in improving faunistic knowledge, but their value for faunistic studies may be enhanced if they are conducted in poorly surveyed areas.
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