1
|
Yuan-Hao W, Ayalew H, Wang J, Wu S, Qiu K, Qi G, Zhang H. N-Carbamylglutamate in ovo feeding improves carcass yield, muscle fiber development, and meat quality in broiler chickens. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 38873999 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insufficient endogenous nutrients in the broiler embryo can lead to muscle gluconeogenesis, which ultimately affects the post-hatching performance of chicks. This study investigated the effects of in ovo feeding (IOF) of N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) on the growth hormones, carcass yield, and meat quality in broilers. Fertile eggs from a 30-week-old Ross 308 breeder flock were divided into three treatment groups: NC (non-injection), SC (100 μL saline-injection), and NCG (2 mg NCG injection). Each group had six replicates, with 70 eggs per replicate during incubation. Injections were administered on the 17.5th day of embryonic development. After hatching, 270 chicks were selected for 42-day rearing for further sampling. RESULTS Chicks in the NCG group had significantly higher body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) at the growing phase, increased growth and testosterone hormone in both feeding phases (21 and 42 days), and improved average daily gain (ADG) and food conversion ratio (FCR) in both grower and entire feeding phases (P < 0.05). Triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4) levels, carcass yield, dressing, drum weight, breast muscle weight, drumstick weights, thighs, pectoralis major, and their part percentage of carcass were improved in the NCG group (P < 0.05), these effects were varied along feeding phases. Moreover, IOF of the NCG also improved pectoralis breast muscle color values at 24 h post mortem (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION These results suggest that NCG injection at the late embryonic age of broiler enhances growth performance and meat quality throughout the lifespan and this can probably be attributed to an increase in thyroid and testosterone hormones, indicating potential involvement in metabolic and nutrient partitioning pathway regulation. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Yuan-Hao
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Habtamu Ayalew
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shugeng Wu
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Qiu
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghai Qi
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Reghupaty SC, Dall NR, Svensson KJ. Hallmarks of the metabolic secretome. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:49-61. [PMID: 37845120 PMCID: PMC10841501 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The identification of novel secreted factors is advancing at an unprecedented pace. However, there is a critical need to consolidate and integrate this knowledge to provide a framework of their diverse mechanisms, functional significance, and inter-relationships. Complicating this effort are challenges related to nonstandardized methods, discrepancies in sample handling, and inconsistencies in the annotation of unknown molecules. This Review aims to synthesize the rapidly expanding field of the metabolic secretome, encompassing the five major types of secreted factors: proteins, peptides, metabolites, lipids, and extracellular vesicles. By systematically defining the functions and detection of the components within the metabolic secretome, this Review provides a primer into the advances of the field, and how integration of the techniques discussed can provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying metabolic homeostasis and its disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saranya C Reghupaty
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas R Dall
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Katrin J Svensson
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhu Q, Jiang G, Lang X, Zhang J, Fu Z, Zhang P, Zheng Y, Zhang XY. Prevalence and clinical correlates of thyroid dysfunction in first-episode and drug-naïve major depressive disorder patients with metabolic syndrome. J Affect Disord 2023; 341:35-41. [PMID: 37633524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have investigated the relative factors of thyroid dysfunction in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients with Metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aimed to explore the prevalence and related factors associated with thyroid dysfunction in drug-naïve (FEDN) MDD patients with MetS. METHODS 1718 FEDN MDD patients were recruited and their demographic data, clinical data were collected. Various biochemical indicators including fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood lipids and thyroid hormones were measured. The 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-17), 14-item Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA-14) and positive subscale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were used to assess clinical symptoms. RESULTS Among FEDN MDD patients, MetS was an independent risk factor for TSH abnormality (P < 0.001, Adjusted OR = 3.77, 95%CI: 2.82-5.05). In patients with MetS, those with TSH abnormality had significantly longer duration of illness, higher HAMD, HAMA, and PANSS positive subscale scores, higher levels of TC, LDL-C, blood glucose, pressure, lower levels of HDL-C, and a higher probability of suicide attempt (all P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS MetS is significantly associated with thyroid dysfunction in patients with FEDN MDD. Related factors for thyroid dysfunction include a number of clinical indicators and psychiatric symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quanfeng Zhu
- Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guojun Jiang
- Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - XiaoE Lang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengchuang Fu
- Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yali Zheng
- Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xing Y, Xuan F, Wang K, Zhang H. Aging under endocrine hormone regulation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1223529. [PMID: 37600699 PMCID: PMC10433899 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1223529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a biological process in which the environment interacts with the body to cause a progressive decline in effective physiological function. Aging in the human body can lead to a dysfunction of the vital organ systems, resulting in the onset of age-related diseases, such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, which can seriously affect an individual's quality of life. The endocrine system acts on specific targets through hormones and related major functional factors in its pathways, which play biological roles in coordinating cellular interactions, metabolism, growth, and aging. Aging is the result of a combination of many pathological, physiological, and psychological processes, among which the endocrine system can achieve a bidirectional effect on the aging process by regulating the hormone levels in the body. In this paper, we explored the mechanisms of growth hormone, thyroid hormone, and estrogen in the aging process to provide a reference for the exploration of endocrine mechanisms related to aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Huifeng Zhang
- Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Janota B, Szczepańska E, Adamek B, Janczewska E. Hypothyroidism and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A coincidence or a causal relationship? World J Hepatol 2023; 15:641-648. [PMID: 37305371 PMCID: PMC10251274 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v15.i5.641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global problem. It may be caused by metabolic and hormonal disorders, including hypothyroidism. However, non-thyroid causes of NAFLD in people with hypothyroidism, including improper eating behavior and low physical activity, should be acknowledged. This study aimed to present the current literature on whether the development of NAFLD is related to hypothyroidism or a typical consequence of an unhealthy lifestyle in people with hypothyroidism. The results of previous studies do not allow for an unequivocal determination of the pathogenetic relationship between hypothyroidism and NAFLD. Important non-thyroid-initiating factors include providing too many calories in relation to requirements, consuming excessive amounts of monosaccharides and saturated fats, being overweight, and maintaining low physical activity levels. The recommended nutritional model for both hypothyroidism and NAFLD may be the Mediterranean diet, which is rich in fruits and vegetables, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and vitamin E.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Janota
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Bytom 41-902, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Szczepańska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze 41-808, Poland
| | - Brygida Adamek
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Bytom 41-902, Poland
| | - Ewa Janczewska
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Bytom 41-902, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Byeon H, Moon Y, Lee S, Son GI, Lee E. Effect of the Marine Exercise Retreat Program on Thyroid-Related Hormones in Middle-Aged Euthyroid Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1542. [PMID: 36674297 PMCID: PMC9863542 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of a marine exercise retreat program on thyroid-related hormone levels. A total of 62 middle-aged euthyroid women participated in a 6-day marine exercise retreat program. Using thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (fT4) hormone levels, the participants were divided into high and low-hormone-level groups. Despite decreased TSH and fT4 levels after the program, the factors influencing changes in each group were different. TSH levels were influenced by changes in the normalized low frequency (nLF) of heart rate variability and carbon monoxide (CO) from all the participants, and changes in body fat percentage, nLF, and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure level in the high TSH group. fT4 levels were influenced by changes in body mass index (BMI), NO2 exposure, and particulate matter diameter of 10 µm or less (PM10) exposure in all participants. Changes in BMI and CO exposure influenced the low fT4 group. Lastly, changes in the exercise stress test affected the high fT4 group. Thus, the marine exercise retreat program affected euthyroid thyroid-related hormone levels, and influencing factors differ depending on the initial value of the hormone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hangjin Byeon
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yesol Moon
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoeun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-Ic Son
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunil Lee
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hanke L, Poeten P, Spanke L, Britz S, Diel P. The Influence of Levothyroxine on Body Composition and Physical Performance in Subclinical Hypothyroidism. Horm Metab Res 2023; 55:51-58. [PMID: 36446567 DOI: 10.1055/a-1968-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Levothyroxine is commonly used to treat hypothyroidism. This study investigates how far the intake of L-T4 influences body composition, energy expenditure, respiratory quotient as well as strength, endurance and mobility in premenopausal women who suffer from subclinical hypothyroidism. Twenty-five women (27.36±5.77 years) with subclinical hypothyroidism were included in the study. The intake of levothyroxine was assumed. Subjects were examined immediately after study inclusion, after two months of levothyroxine use, and after TSH was fully adjusted to the reference range. In all measurements TSH, fT3 and fT4 were determined, body weight, body composition, energy expenditure and the respiratory quotient were measured, and a test battery was performed to identify strength, mobility and endurance capacity. TSH decreased from 5.95±0.99 μIU/ml at study inclusion to 1.2±0.33 μIU/ml after final trial. No change in weight, BMI, muscle mass, fat mass, energy expenditure and respiratory quotient was observed (p>0.05). A significant improvement in chest press (p=0.002), leg extension (p<0.001), right-hand grip strength (p=0.009) shoulder mobility (p<0.001), hip mobility (p=0.07), explosive strength (p=0.041) and the anaerobic threshold (p=0.13) was identified. Likewise, a non-significant (p=0.298) increase in left-hand grip strength could be detected.In summary, although levothyroxine does not positively affect body composition, energy expenditure and respiratory quotient, it can improve strength, mobility and endurance performance. For this reason, treatment with levothyroxine is recommended to improve exercise capacity in subclinical hypothyroidism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Hanke
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Pascal Poeten
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Leroy Spanke
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephanie Britz
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Patrick Diel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Beignon F, Gueguen N, Tricoire-Leignel H, Mattei C, Lenaers G. The multiple facets of mitochondrial regulations controlling cellular thermogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:525. [PMID: 36125552 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04523-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Understanding temperature production and regulation in endotherm organisms becomes a crucial challenge facing the increased frequency and intensity of heat strokes related to global warming. Mitochondria, located at the crossroad of metabolism, respiration, Ca2+ homeostasis, and apoptosis, were recently proposed to further act as cellular radiators, with an estimated inner temperature reaching 50 °C in common cell lines. This inner thermogenesis might be further exacerbated in organs devoted to produce consistent efforts as muscles, or heat as brown adipose tissue, in response to acute solicitations. Consequently, pathways promoting respiratory chain uncoupling and mitochondrial activity, such as Ca2+ fluxes, uncoupling proteins, futile cycling, and substrate supplies, provide the main processes controlling heat production and cell temperature. The mitochondrial thermogenesis might be further amplified by cytoplasmic mechanisms promoting the over-consumption of ATP pools. Considering these new thermic paradigms, we discuss here all conventional wisdoms linking mitochondrial functions to cellular thermogenesis in different physiological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Beignon
- Univ Angers, MitoLab, Unité MITOVASC, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, SFR ICAT, Angers, France.
| | - Naig Gueguen
- Univ Angers, MitoLab, Unité MITOVASC, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, SFR ICAT, Angers, France.,Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France
| | | | - César Mattei
- Univ Angers, CarMe, Unité MITOVASC, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Guy Lenaers
- Univ Angers, MitoLab, Unité MITOVASC, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, SFR ICAT, Angers, France. .,Service de Neurologie, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gild ML, Stuart M, Clifton-Bligh RJ, Kinahan A, Handelsman DJ. Thyroid Hormone Abuse in Elite Sports: The Regulatory Challenge. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e3562-e3573. [PMID: 35438767 PMCID: PMC9387720 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abuse of androgens and erythropoietin has led to hormones being the most effective and frequent class of ergogenic substances prohibited in elite sports by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). At present, thyroid hormone (TH) abuse is not prohibited, but its prevalence among elite athletes and nonprohibited status remains controversial. A corollary of prohibiting hormones for elite sports is that endocrinologists must be aware of a professional athlete's risk of disqualification for using prohibited hormones and/or to certify Therapeutic Use Exemptions, which allow individual athletes to use prohibited substances for valid medical indications. This narrative review considers the status of TH within the framework of the WADA Code criteria for prohibiting substances, which requires meeting 2 of 3 equally important criteria of potential performance enhancement, harmfulness to health, and violation of the spirit of sport. In considering the valid clinical uses of TH, the prevalence of TH use among young adults, the reason why some athletes seek to use TH, and the pathophysiology of sought-after and adverse effects of TH abuse, together with the challenges of detecting TH abuse, it can be concluded that, on the basis of present data, prohibition of TH in elite sport is neither justified nor feasible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matti L Gild
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney 2065, Australia
- Cancer Genetics, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards 2065, Australia
| | - Mark Stuart
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Metabolism and Inflammation, University College London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- International Testing Agency Lausanne, Lausanne 1007, Switzerland
| | - Roderick J Clifton-Bligh
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney 2065, Australia
- Cancer Genetics, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards 2065, Australia
| | | | - David J Handelsman
- Correspondence: Professor David Handelsman, ANZAC Research Institute, Department of Andrology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Katti P, Rai M, Srivastava S, D'Silva P, Nongthomba U. Marf-mediated mitochondrial fusion is imperative for the development and functioning of indirect flight muscles (IFMs) in drosophila. Exp Cell Res 2021; 399:112486. [PMID: 33450208 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic changes in mitochondrial shape and size are vital for mitochondrial health and for tissue development and function. Adult Drosophila indirect flight muscles contain densely packed mitochondria. We show here that mitochondrial fusion is critical during early muscle development (in pupa) and that silencing of the outer mitochondrial membrane fusion gene, Marf, in muscles results in smaller mitochondria that are functionally defective. This leads to abnormal muscle development resulting in muscle dysfunction in adult flies. However, post-developmental silencing of Marf has no obvious effects on mitochondrial and muscle phenotype in adult flies, indicating the importance of mitochondrial fusion during early muscle development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Katti
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India.
| | - Mamta Rai
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
| | - Shubhi Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Patrick D'Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Upendra Nongthomba
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wu SH, Li HB, Li GL, Qi YJ, Zhang J, Wang BY. Panax ginseng root, not leaf, can enhance thermogenic capacity and mitochondrial function in mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:374-384. [PMID: 32366153 PMCID: PMC7241452 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1756348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Context: Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (Araliaceae) root and leaf have always been considered in the traditional theory as hot and cold properties, respectively.Objective: To clarify the hot and cold properties of ginseng root and leaf from a thermodynamic viewpoint.Materials and methods: Thirty ICR male mice were randomly assigned to control (water), ginseng root group (GRP) and ginseng leaf group (GLP) with a concentration of 0.075 g/mL; the volume was 0.1 mL/10 g (body mass) per day by intragastric administration for 20 days. Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) was used to determine quality control through seven ginsenosides contained in ginseng root and leaf. Rest metabolic rate (RMR) and energy expenditure were monitored every 9 days by TSE System. At the 20th day, serum T3 or T4, liver or brown adipose tissue (BAT) mitochondrial respiration were investigated.Results: The quality control of GRP and GLP were within requirements of 2015 China Pharmacopoeia. The RMR (mLO2/h) in GLP (47.95 ± 4.20) was significantly lower than control (52.10 ± 4.79) and GRP (55.35 ± 4.48). Mitochondrial protein concentration and respiration were significantly increased in GRP (BAT, 79.12 ± 2 .08 mg/g, 239.89 ± 10.24 nmol O2/min/g tissue; Liver, 201.02 ± 10.89, 202.44 ± 3.24) and decreased in GLP (BAT, 53.42 ± 3.48, 153.49 ± 5.58; Liver, 138.69 ± 5.69, 104.50 ± 6.25) compared with control.Conclusions: The hot and cold properties of ginseng root and leaf are correlated with thermogenic capacity and mitochondrial function of BAT and liver, which deserve to further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-hui Wu
- He-Nan University of Chinese Medicine, Zheng-Zhou, China
| | - Han-bing Li
- He-Nan University of Chinese Medicine, Zheng-Zhou, China
| | - Gen-Lin Li
- Basic Medical College, He-Nan University of Chinese Medicine, Zheng-Zhou, China
| | - Yue-juan Qi
- He-Nan University of Chinese Medicine, Zheng-Zhou, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Basic Medical College, He-Nan University of Chinese Medicine, Zheng-Zhou, China
| | - Bai-yan Wang
- Basic Medical College, He-Nan University of Chinese Medicine, Zheng-Zhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gauthier BR, Sola‐García A, Cáliz‐Molina MÁ, Lorenzo PI, Cobo‐Vuilleumier N, Capilla‐González V, Martin‐Montalvo A. Thyroid hormones in diabetes, cancer, and aging. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13260. [PMID: 33048427 PMCID: PMC7681062 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid function is central in the control of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Studies in animal models and human research have determined that thyroid hormones modulate cellular processes relevant for aging and for the majority of age‐related diseases. While several studies have associated mild reductions on thyroid hormone function with exceptional longevity in animals and humans, alterations in thyroid hormones are serious medical conditions associated with unhealthy aging and premature death. Moreover, both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism have been associated with the development of certain types of diabetes and cancers, indicating a great complexity of the molecular mechanisms controlled by thyroid hormones. In this review, we describe the latest findings in thyroid hormone research in the field of aging, diabetes, and cancer, with a special focus on hepatocellular carcinomas. While aging studies indicate that the direct modulation of thyroid hormones is not a viable strategy to promote healthy aging or longevity and the development of thyromimetics is challenging due to inefficacy and potential toxicity, we argue that interventions based on the use of modulators of thyroid hormone function might provide therapeutic benefit in certain types of diabetes and cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benoit R. Gauthier
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
- Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases‐CIBERDEM Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Alejandro Sola‐García
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
| | - María Ángeles Cáliz‐Molina
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
| | - Petra Isabel Lorenzo
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
| | - Nadia Cobo‐Vuilleumier
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
| | - Vivian Capilla‐González
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
| | - Alejandro Martin‐Montalvo
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Teixeira PDFDS, dos Santos PB, Pazos-Moura CC. The role of thyroid hormone in metabolism and metabolic syndrome. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2020; 11:2042018820917869. [PMID: 32489580 PMCID: PMC7238803 DOI: 10.1177/2042018820917869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and thyroid dysfunction are common in clinical practice. The objectives of this review are to discuss some proposed mechanisms by which thyroid dysfunctions may lead to MetS, to describe the bidirectional relationship between thyroid hormones (THs) and adiposity and finally, to resume a list of recent studies in humans that evaluated possible associations between thyroid hormone status and MetS or its clinical components. Not solely THs, but also its metabolites regulate metabolic rate, influencing adiposity. The mechanisms enrolled are related to its direct effect on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) utilization, uncoupling synthesis of ATP, mitochondrial biogenesis, and its inotropic and chronotropic effects. THs also act controlling core body temperature, appetite, and sympathetic activity. In a bidirectional way, thyroid function is affected by adiposity. Leptin is one of the hallmarks, but the pro-inflammatory cytokines and also insulin resistance impact thyroid function and perhaps its structure. MetS development and weight gain have been positively associated with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in several studies. Adverse glucose metabolism may be related to hyperthyroidism, but also to reduction of thyroid function or higher serum TSH, as do abnormal serum triglyceride levels. Hypo- and hyperthyroidism have been related to higher blood pressure (BP), that may be consequence of genomic or nongenomic action of THs on the vasculature and in the heart. In summary, the interaction between THs and components of MetS is complex and not fully understood. More longitudinal studies controlling each of all confounding variables that interact with endpoints or exposure factors are still necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia de Fátima dos Santos Teixeira
- Endocrine Clinic, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Professor Rodolpho Rocco, 255 – Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-617, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Borges dos Santos
- Research Fellow, Medicine School, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Endocrinologist, Instituto Estadual de Endocrinologia Luiz Capriglione, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Most J, Redman LM. Impact of calorie restriction on energy metabolism in humans. Exp Gerontol 2020; 133:110875. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
15
|
Yoon JA, Lee YJ, Lee BJ, Kim IJ, Kim SJ, Pak K, Jeon YK, Kim JH, Kim JM, Kim K, Jun Shin M, Shin YB. Evaluation of changes in body composition and proinflammatory marker levels in ovariectomized rats with induced hyperthyroidism. ALL LIFE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2020.1727966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jin A Yoon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biomedical Research Institute Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Joo Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Joo Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jang Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and BioMedical Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungjune Pak
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Kim
- Pusan National University Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Kim
- Pusan National University Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunyoung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Jun Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Beom Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Izkhakov E, Vaisman N, Barnes S, Barchana M, Stern N, Keinan-Boker L. Body Composition, Resting Energy Expenditure, and Metabolic Changes in Women Diagnosed with Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma. Thyroid 2019; 29:1044-1051. [PMID: 31088334 PMCID: PMC6707037 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2018.0483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Thyroid hormones heavily impact energy expenditure, body mass, and body composition. Their role in the state of exogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) patients, however, is less well defined. The first aim of this study was to assess changes in body weight, body composition, resting energy expenditure (REE), respiratory quotient (RQ), and metabolic parameters in female DTC patients, starting from the phase of a euthyroid state before total thyroidectomy through the subsequent year after thyrotropin (TSH) suppression. The second aim was to assess the relationship between these variables and thyroid function parameters. Methods: This observational case series analyzed changes in body composition, calorimetric, and metabolic parameters of 15 DTC female patients at 5 time points: (1) at initial DTC diagnosis (euthyroid state), (2) at 2-3 weeks after thyroidectomy (hypothyroid state), (3) at 2-3 months of levothyroxine (LT4) treatment (exogenous euthyroid state), (4) after 6-9 months, and (5) after 1 year of TSH suppressive LT4 therapy (exogenous subclinical hyperthyroid state). A generalized estimating equation (GEE) analysis was performed to estimate the longitudinal correlations of the total triiodothyronine (TT3)/free thyroxine (fT4) ratio (as an independent variable) with body composition, metabolic, and calorimetric parameter changes (as dependent variables). Results: REE, REE per kilogram of lean body mass (REE/LBM), pulse, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher after TSH suppressive LT4 therapy. The GEE analysis revealed longitudinal negative correlations between the TT3/fT4 ratio and systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, body mass index, android (abdominal wall and visceral mesentery) fat distribution, trunk, and arm fat distribution, REE, and REE/LBM. There was a positive correlation with RQ. Conclusions: REE, REE/LBM, pulse, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher after thyroidectomy, radioiodine and TSH suppressive therapy in female DTC patients, while no changes were observed in body weight or body composition. A lower TT3/fT4 ratio longitudinally correlated with increases in REE, REE/LBM, abdominal fat distribution, systolic blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose, as well as with decreased RQ. These findings highlight the importance of judicial balancing of the benefits and detriments of TSH suppression with subsequent decreased TT3/fT4 ratios for female DTC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Izkhakov
- Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension; Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nachum Vaisman
- Unit of Clinical Nutrition, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sophie Barnes
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Ultrasound Division of Imaging, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Micha Barchana
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Naftali Stern
- Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension; Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lital Keinan-Boker
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- National Cancer Registry, Israel Center for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Ramat Gan, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ghiarone T, Andrade-Souza VA, Learsi SK, Tomazini F, Ataide-Silva T, Sansonio A, Fernandes MP, Saraiva KL, Figueiredo RCBQ, Tourneur Y, Kuang J, Lima-Silva AE, Bishop DJ. Twice-a-day training improves mitochondrial efficiency, but not mitochondrial biogenesis, compared with once-daily training. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:713-725. [PMID: 31246557 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00060.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training performed with lowered muscle glycogen stores can amplify adaptations related to oxidative metabolism, but it is not known if this is affected by the "train-low" strategy used (i.e., once-daily versus twice-a-day training). Fifteen healthy men performed 3 wk of an endurance exercise (100-min) followed by a high-intensity interval exercise 2 (twice-a-day group, n = 8) or 14 h (once-daily group, n = 7) later; therefore, the second training session always started with low muscle glycogen in both groups. Mitochondrial efficiency (state 4 respiration) was improved only for the twice-a-day group (group × training interaction, P < 0.05). However, muscle citrate synthase activity, mitochondria, and lipid area in intermyofibrillar and subsarcolemmal regions, and PGC1α, PPARα, and electron transport chain relative protein abundance were not altered with training in either group (P > 0.05). Markers of aerobic fitness (e.g., peak oxygen uptake) were increased, and plasma lactate, O2 cost, and rating of perceived exertion during a 100-min exercise task were reduced in both groups, although the reduction in rating of perceived exertion was larger in the twice-a-day group (group × time × training interaction, P < 0.05). These findings suggest similar training adaptations with both training low approaches; however, improvements in mitochondrial efficiency and perceived effort seem to be more pronounced with twice-a-day training.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We assessed, for the first time, the differences between two "train-low" strategies (once-daily and twice-a-day) in terms of training-induced molecular, functional, and morphological adaptations. We found that both strategies had similar molecular and morphological adaptations; however, only the twice-a-day strategy increased mitochondrial efficiency and had a superior reduction in the rating of perceived exertion during a constant-load exercise compared with once-daily training. Our findings provide novel insights into skeletal muscle adaptations using the "train-low" strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thaysa Ghiarone
- Sport Science Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antao, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Victor A Andrade-Souza
- Sport Science Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antao, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Sara K Learsi
- Sciences Applied in Sports Research Group, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Tomazini
- Human Performance Research Group, Academic Department of Physical Education, Technological Federal University of Parana and Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Thays Ataide-Silva
- Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Andre Sansonio
- Sport Science Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antao, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Mariana P Fernandes
- Sport Science Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antao, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Karina L Saraiva
- Nucleus of Technological Platforms, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Recife, Brazil
| | - Regina C B Q Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, FIOCRUZ, Recife, Brazil
| | - Yves Tourneur
- Sport Science Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antao, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Faculty of Medicine Lyon South, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jujiao Kuang
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adriano E Lima-Silva
- Sport Science Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antao, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Human Performance Research Group, Academic Department of Physical Education, Technological Federal University of Parana and Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Müller TD, Clemmensen C, Finan B, DiMarchi RD, Tschöp MH. Anti-Obesity Therapy: from Rainbow Pills to Polyagonists. Pharmacol Rev 2019; 70:712-746. [PMID: 30087160 DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.014803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With their ever-growing prevalence, obesity and diabetes represent major health threats of our society. Based on estimations by the World Health Organization, approximately 300 million people will be obese in 2035. In 2015 alone there were more than 1.6 million fatalities attributable to hyperglycemia and diabetes. In addition, treatment of these diseases places an enormous burden on our health care system. As a result, the development of pharmacotherapies to tackle this life-threatening pandemic is of utmost importance. Since the beginning of the 19th century, a variety of drugs have been evaluated for their ability to decrease body weight and/or to improve deranged glycemic control. The list of evaluated drugs includes, among many others, sheep-derived thyroid extracts, mitochondrial uncouplers, amphetamines, serotonergics, lipase inhibitors, and a variety of hormones produced and secreted by the gastrointestinal tract or adipose tissue. Unfortunately, when used as a single hormone therapy, most of these drugs are underwhelming in their efficacy or safety, and placebo-subtracted weight loss attributed to such therapy is typically not more than 10%. In 2009, the generation of a single molecule with agonism at the receptors for glucagon and the glucagon-like peptide 1 broke new ground in obesity pharmacology. This molecule combined the beneficial anorectic and glycemic effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 with the thermogenic effect of glucagon into a single molecule with enhanced potency and sustained action. Several other unimolecular dual agonists have subsequently been developed, and, based on their preclinical success, these molecules illuminate the path to a new and more fruitful era in obesity pharmacology. In this review, we focus on the historical pharmacological approaches to treat obesity and glucose intolerance and describe how the knowledge obtained by these studies led to the discovery of unimolecular polypharmacology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany (T.D.M., C.C., M.H.T.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (T.D.M., C.C., M.H.T.); Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana (B.F., R.D.D.); and Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (M.H.T.)
| | - C Clemmensen
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany (T.D.M., C.C., M.H.T.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (T.D.M., C.C., M.H.T.); Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana (B.F., R.D.D.); and Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (M.H.T.)
| | - B Finan
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany (T.D.M., C.C., M.H.T.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (T.D.M., C.C., M.H.T.); Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana (B.F., R.D.D.); and Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (M.H.T.)
| | - R D DiMarchi
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany (T.D.M., C.C., M.H.T.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (T.D.M., C.C., M.H.T.); Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana (B.F., R.D.D.); and Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (M.H.T.)
| | - M H Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany (T.D.M., C.C., M.H.T.); German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (T.D.M., C.C., M.H.T.); Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana (B.F., R.D.D.); and Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (M.H.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Moreno M, Giacco A, Di Munno C, Goglia F. Direct and rapid effects of 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine (T2). Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 458:121-126. [PMID: 28192176 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of researchers are focusing their attention on the possibility that thyroid hormone metabolites, particularly 3,5-diiodothyronine (T2), may actively regulate energy metabolism at the cellular, rather than the nuclear, level. Due to their biochemical features, mitochondria have been the focus of research on the thermogenic effects of thyroid hormones. Indeed, mitochondrial activities have been shown to be regulated both directly and indirectly by T2-specific pathways. Herein, we describe the effects of T2 on energy metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Moreno
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Antonia Giacco
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Celia Di Munno
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Fernando Goglia
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
López-Noriega L, Cobo-Vuilleumier N, Narbona-Pérez ÁJ, Araujo-Garrido JL, Lorenzo PI, Mellado-Gil JM, Moreno JC, Gauthier BR, Martín-Montalvo A. Levothyroxine enhances glucose clearance and blunts the onset of experimental type 1 diabetes mellitus in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:3795-3810. [PMID: 28800677 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Thyroid hormones induce several changes in whole body metabolism that are known to improve metabolic homeostasis. However, adverse side effects have prevented its use in the clinic. In view of the promising effects of thyroid hormones, we investigated the effects of levothyroxine supplementation on glucose homeostasis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH C57BL/6 mice were treated with levothyroxine from birth to 24 weeks of age, when mice were killed. The effects of levothyroxine supplementation on metabolic health were determined. C57BL/6 mice treated with levothyroxine for 2 weeks and then challenged with streptozotocin to monitor survival. Mechanistic experiments were conducted in the pancreas, liver and skeletal muscle. RIP-B7.1 mice were treated with levothyroxine for 2 weeks and were subsequently immunized to trigger experimental autoimmune diabetes (EAD). Metabolic tests were performed. Mice were killed and metabolic tissues were extracted for immunohistological analyses. KEY RESULTS Long-term levothyroxine supplementation enhanced glucose clearance and reduced circulating glucose in C57BL/6 mice. Levothyroxine increased simultaneously the proliferation and apoptosis of pancreatic beta cells, promoting the maintenance of a highly insulin-expressing beta cell population. Levothyroxine increased circulating insulin levels, inducing sustained activation of IRS1-AKT signalling in insulin-target tissues. Levothyroxine-treated C57BL/6 mice challenged with streptozotocin exhibited extended survival. Levothyroxine blunted the onset of EAD in RIP-B7.1 mice by inducing beta cell proliferation and preservation of insulin-expressing cells. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Interventions based on the use of thyroid hormones or thyromimetics could be explored to provide therapeutic benefit in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Livia López-Noriega
- Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit/Laboratory of Aging Biology, Centro Andaluz de Biologı́a Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Nadia Cobo-Vuilleumier
- Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit/Laboratory of Aging Biology, Centro Andaluz de Biologı́a Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Álvaro Jesús Narbona-Pérez
- Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit/Laboratory of Aging Biology, Centro Andaluz de Biologı́a Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Araujo-Garrido
- Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit/Laboratory of Aging Biology, Centro Andaluz de Biologı́a Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Petra Isabel Lorenzo
- Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit/Laboratory of Aging Biology, Centro Andaluz de Biologı́a Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - José Manuel Mellado-Gil
- Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit/Laboratory of Aging Biology, Centro Andaluz de Biologı́a Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - José Carlos Moreno
- Thyroid Molecular Laboratory, Institute for Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), La Paz University Hospital, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Benoit R Gauthier
- Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit/Laboratory of Aging Biology, Centro Andaluz de Biologı́a Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Alejandro Martín-Montalvo
- Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit/Laboratory of Aging Biology, Centro Andaluz de Biologı́a Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Huang F, Ajavon A, Huang E, Lettieri J, Liu R, Peña C, Berse M. No Effect of Levothyroxine and Levothyroxine-Induced Subclinical Thyrotoxicosis on the Pharmacokinetics of Sorafenib in Healthy Male Subjects. Thyroid 2017; 27:1118-1127. [PMID: 28741453 PMCID: PMC5646750 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2017.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients receiving the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib for locally recurrent or metastatic, progressive, differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) refractory to radioactive iodine often receive concomitant levothyroxine for thyrotropin (TSH) suppression. In the Phase 3 DTC trial (DECISION), sorafenib exposure was approximately twofold higher than that observed in other cancers. This study assessed sorafenib pharmacokinetics without and with concomitant levothyroxine to examine whether a levothyroxine interaction or levothyroxine-induced subclinical thyrotoxicosis results in increased sorafenib exposure in patients with DTC. METHODS This was an open-label, two-period sequential treatment study in healthy male subjects. In period 1, day 1, subjects received a single oral dose of sorafenib 400 mg, followed by a minimal 10-day washout. In period 2, day 1, levothyroxine 300 μg was administered orally once daily (q.d.) for 14 days. After 10 days, a single oral concomitant dose of sorafenib 400 mg was given. Blood samples for sorafenib pharmacokinetic analyses were obtained pre-dose and at time points up to 96 hours after sorafenib dosing. Samples for thyroid tests were collected before and after levothyroxine dosing. RESULTS Twenty-five subjects completed the study and were evaluable for pharmacokinetic analysis. Levothyroxine 300 μg q.d. was well tolerated and induced subclinical thyrotoxicosis, producing full suppression of TSH (M ± SD = 0.032 ± 0.027 mIU/L) and increased free thyroxine (from 0.94 ± 0.09 to 1.77 ± 0.33 ng/dL) and free triiodothyronine (from 2.87 ± 0.28 to 4.24 ± 0.66 pg/mL) levels by day 11 of period 2. The geometric mean (%CV) sorafenib maximum concentration (Cmax) without and with levothyroxine was 2.09 (68.1) and 1.78 (63.9) mg/L, respectively, with a corresponding geometric mean area under the curve of 68.1 (68.2) and 64.3 (66.3) mg·h/L. Median (range) time to Cmax was 4.00 (2.98-16.0) and 4.02 (1.98-36.0) hours, respectively. Mean (%CV) half-life was 24.0 (25.3) and 25.7 (21.0) hours. All study drug-related adverse events were mild and included headache and fatigue for sorafenib, and headache, increased alanine aminotransferase and glutamate dehydrogenase, fatigue, and nervousness for levothyroxine. CONCLUSIONS Levothyroxine 300 μg q.d. for 14 days was well tolerated, induced subclinical thyrotoxicosis, and did not affect sorafenib pharmacokinetics. The findings suggest that concomitant use of levothyroxine with sorafenib is not likely responsible for the previously reported increase in sorafenib exposure in patients with DTC. However, the possible effects of long-term levothyroxine dosing were not assessed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Funan Huang
- Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, New Jersey
| | | | - Erya Huang
- Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, New Jersey
| | - John Lettieri
- Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, New Jersey
| | - Rong Liu
- Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, New Jersey
| | - Carol Peña
- Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, New Jersey
| | - Matthias Berse
- CRS Clinical Research Services Berlin GmbH, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND The steep rise in thyroid cancer observed in recent decades has caused an increase in the population of long-term thyroid cancer survivors. Other than recurrences of cancer, the long-term health consequences of surviving thyroid cancer, particularly metabolic syndrome, have not yet been determined. The aim of this study was to estimate the risk of metabolic syndrome in thyroid cancer survivors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Population-based data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were used for the analysis. The data of KNHANES IV-VI from 2007-2014 were obtained. After excluding subjects who were under 19 years old, whose fasting interval was less than 8 hours, and whose data for predefined variables including metabolic syndrome components were incomplete, 34,347 subjects were analyzed. The incidence of metabolic syndrome and its components were evaluated in three groups: subjects with no history of thyroid cancer, subjects diagnosed with thyroid cancer within 3 years of the survey date, and subjects diagnosed more than 3 years before the survey date. RESULTS Thyroid cancer diagnoses were made within 3 years of the survey date for 95 subjects (group 1, short-term survivors) and more than 3 years earlier than the survey date for 60 subjects (group 2, long-term survivors). Metabolic syndrome was frequently observed with clinical significance (odds ratio [OR] 1.986 [95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0-3.70], p = 0.030) in short-term survivors compared with subjects with no thyroid cancer history. Risks for having high blood pressure and high fasting glucose were estimated to be higher in the short-term survivor group (OR 2.115 [CI 1.23-3.64], p = 0.006 and OR 1.792 [CI 1.03-3.11], p = 0.038, respectively). No significant associations were noticed in the long-term survivor group when compared with the group with no thyroid cancer history. CONCLUSION Risks for metabolic syndrome, especially high blood pressure and high fasting glucose, were increased in short-term survivors of thyroid cancer but not in long-term survivors when compared with subjects with no history of thyroid cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hee Kim
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Huh
- 2 Clinical Research Coordinating Center, Institute of Biomedical Industry Annex to Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jun Lim
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Il Kang
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Vidali S, Chéret J, Giesen M, Haeger S, Alam M, Watson REB, Langton AK, Klinger M, Knuever J, Funk W, Kofler B, Paus R. Thyroid Hormones Enhance Mitochondrial Function in Human Epidermis. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:2003-2012. [PMID: 27349864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.05.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Since it is unknown whether thyroid hormones (THs) regulate mitochondrial function in human epidermis, we treated organ-cultured human skin, or isolated cultured human epidermal keratinocytes, with triiodothyronine (100 pmol/L) or thyroxine (100 nmol/L). Both THs significantly increased protein expression of the mitochondrially encoded cytochrome C oxidase I (MTCO1), complex I activity, and the number of perinuclear mitochondria. Triiodothyronine also increased mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) protein expression, and thyroxine stimulated complex II/IV activity. Increased mitochondrial function can correlate with increased reactive oxygen species production, DNA damage, and accelerated tissue aging. However, THs neither raised reactive oxygen species production or matrix metalloproteinase-1, -2 and -9 activity nor decreased sirtuin1 (Sirt1) immunoreactivity. Instead, triiodothyronine increased sirtuin-1, fibrillin-1, proliferator-activated receptor-gamma 1-alpha (PGC1α), collagen I and III transcription, and thyroxine decreased cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (p16(ink4)) expression in organ-cultured human skin. Moreover, TH treatment increased intracutaneous fibrillin-rich microfibril and collagen III deposition and decreased mammalian target of rapamycin (mTORC1/2) expression ex vivo. This identifies THs as potent endocrine stimulators of mitochondrial function in human epidermis, which down-regulates rather than enhance the expression of skin aging-related biomarkers ex vivo. Therefore, topically applied THs deserve further exploration as candidate agents for treating skin conditions characterized by reduced mitochondrial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Vidali
- Department of Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany; Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Laura Bassi Centre of Expertise-THERAPEP, Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jérémy Chéret
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Melanie Giesen
- Henkel Beauty Care, Henkel AG and Co. KgaA, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Swantje Haeger
- Department of Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Majid Alam
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Rachel E B Watson
- Center for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Abigail K Langton
- Center for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Jana Knuever
- Department of Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | | | - Barbara Kofler
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Laura Bassi Centre of Expertise-THERAPEP, Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ralf Paus
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Center for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Samuels MH, Kolobova I, Smeraglio A, Peters D, Purnell JQ, Schuff KG. Effects of Levothyroxine Replacement or Suppressive Therapy on Energy Expenditure and Body Composition. Thyroid 2016; 26:347-55. [PMID: 26700485 PMCID: PMC4790206 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2015.0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyrotropin (TSH)-suppressive doses of levothyroxine (LT4) have adverse effects on bone and cardiac function, but it is unclear whether metabolic function is also affected. The objective of this study was to determine whether women receiving TSH-suppressive LT4 doses have alterations in energy expenditure or body composition. METHODS This study was a cross-sectional comparison between three groups of women: 26 women receiving chronic TSH-suppressive LT4 doses, 80 women receiving chronic replacement LT4 doses, and 16 untreated euthyroid control women. Subjects underwent measurements of resting energy expenditure (REE), substrate oxidation, and thermic effect of food by indirect calorimetry; physical activity energy expenditure by accelerometer; caloric intake by 24-hour diet recall; and body composition by dual X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS REE per kilogram lean body mass in the LT4 euthyroid women was 6% lower than that of the LT4-suppressed group, and 4% lower than that of the healthy control group (p = 0.04). Free triiodothyronine (fT3) levels were directly correlated with REE, and were 10% lower in the LT4 euthyroid women compared with the other two groups (p = 0.007). The groups of subjects did not differ in other measures of energy expenditure, caloric intake, or body composition. CONCLUSIONS LT4 suppression therapy does not adversely affect energy expenditure or body composition in women. However, LT4 replacement therapy is associated with a lower REE, despite TSH levels within the reference range. This may be due to lower fT3 levels, suggesting relative tissue hypothyroidism may contribute to impaired energy expenditure in LT4 therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary H. Samuels
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Irina Kolobova
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Anne Smeraglio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Dawn Peters
- Division of Biostatistics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jonathan Q. Purnell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Kathryn G. Schuff
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Broeders EPM, Vijgen GHEJ, Havekes B, Bouvy ND, Mottaghy FM, Kars M, Schaper NC, Schrauwen P, Brans B, van Marken Lichtenbelt WD. Thyroid Hormone Activates Brown Adipose Tissue and Increases Non-Shivering Thermogenesis--A Cohort Study in a Group of Thyroid Carcinoma Patients. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0145049. [PMID: 26784028 PMCID: PMC4718641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives Thyroid hormone receptors are present on brown adipose tissue (BAT), indicating a role for thyroid hormone in the regulation of BAT activation. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of thyroid hormone withdrawal followed by thyroid hormone in TSH-suppressive dosages, on energy expenditure and brown adipose tissue activity. Subjects/Methods This study was a longitudinal study in an academic center, with a follow-up period of 6 months. Ten patients with well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma eligible for surgical treatment and subsequent radioactive iodine ablation therapy were studied in a hypothyroid state after thyroidectomy and in a subclinical hyperthyroid state (TSH-suppression according to treatment protocol). Paired two-tailed t-tests and linear regression analyses were used. Results Basal metabolic rate (BMR) was significantly higher after treatment with synthetic thyroid hormone (levothyroxine) than in the hypothyroid state (BMR 3.8 ± 0.5 kJ/min versus 4.4 ± 0.6 kJ/min, P = 0.012), and non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) significantly increased from 15 ± 10% to 25 ± 6% (P = 0.009). Mean BAT activity was significantly higher in the subclinical hyperthyroid state than in the hypothyroid state (BAT standard uptake value (SUVMean) 4.0 ± 2.9 versus 2.4 ± 1.8, P = 0.039). Conclusions Our study shows that higher levels of thyroid hormone are associated with a higher level of cold-activated BAT. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02499471
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evie P. M. Broeders
- MUMC+, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- MUMC+, Department of General Surgery, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Guy H. E. J. Vijgen
- MUMC+, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- St. Franciscus Gasthuis, Department of Surgery, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- MUMC+, Department of General Surgery, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bas Havekes
- MUMC+, Department of Endocrinology, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole D. Bouvy
- MUMC+, Department of General Surgery, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Felix M. Mottaghy
- MUMC+, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marleen Kars
- MUMC+, Department of Endocrinology, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Boudewijn Brans
- MUMC+, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
McClune DW, Kostka B, Delahay RJ, Montgomery WI, Marks NJ, Scantlebury DM. Winter Is Coming: Seasonal Variation in Resting Metabolic Rate of the European Badger (Meles meles). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135920. [PMID: 26352150 PMCID: PMC4564200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is a measure of the minimum energy requirements of an animal at rest, and can give an indication of the costs of somatic maintenance. We measured RMR of free-ranging European badgers (Meles meles) to determine whether differences were related to sex, age and season. Badgers were captured in live-traps and placed individually within a metabolic chamber maintained at 20 ± 1°C. Resting metabolic rate was determined using an open-circuit respirometry system. Season was significantly correlated with RMR, but no effects of age or sex were detected. Summer RMR values were significantly higher than winter values (mass-adjusted mean ± standard error: 2366 ± 70 kJ⋅d−1; 1845 ± 109 kJ⋅d−1, respectively), with the percentage difference being 24.7%. While under the influence of anaesthesia, RMR was estimated to be 25.5% lower than the combined average value before administration, and after recovery from anaesthesia. Resting metabolic rate during the autumn and winter was not significantly different to allometric predictions of basal metabolic rate for mustelid species weighing 1 kg or greater, but badgers measured in the summer had values that were higher than predicted. Results suggest that a seasonal reduction in RMR coincides with apparent reductions in physical activity and body temperature as part of the overwintering strategy (‘winter lethargy’) in badgers. This study contributes to an expanding dataset on the ecophysiology of medium-sized carnivores, and emphasises the importance of considering season when making predictions of metabolic rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David W. McClune
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Berit Kostka
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. Delahay
- National Wildlife Management Centre, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodchester Park, Gloucestershire GL10 3UJ, United Kingdom
| | - W. Ian Montgomery
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Nikki J. Marks
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (NJM); (DMS)
| | - David M. Scantlebury
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (NJM); (DMS)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wojciechowska A, Janczak J, Staszak Z, Duczmal M, Zierkiewicz W, Tokar J, Ozarowski A. Structural, spectroscopic, magnetic behavior and DFT investigations ofl-tyrosinato nickel(ii) coordination polymer. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00972c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The 4,4′-bpy molecules are weakly bonded with nickel(ii) ions in 1Dl-tyrosinato coordination polymer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Janczak
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research Polish Academy of Sciences
- 50-422 Wroclaw
- Poland
| | - Zbigniew Staszak
- Faculty of Computer Science and Management
- Wroclaw University of Technology
- 50-370 Wroclaw
- Poland
| | - Marek Duczmal
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Wroclaw University of Technology
- 50-370 Wroclaw
- Poland
| | - Wiktor Zierkiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Wroclaw University of Technology
- 50-370 Wroclaw
- Poland
| | - Jadwiga Tokar
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Wroclaw University of Technology
- 50-370 Wroclaw
- Poland
| | - Andrew Ozarowski
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Feng X, Chen L, Zhuang S, Li C, Yan Z, Xu X, Zhou G. A novel function of lamb and pork: Different effects of lamb and pork consumption on thyroid hormone levels and energy metabolism of Sprague–Dawley rats. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
29
|
Salvatore D, Simonides WS, Dentice M, Zavacki AM, Larsen PR. Thyroid hormones and skeletal muscle--new insights and potential implications. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2014; 10:206-14. [PMID: 24322650 PMCID: PMC4037849 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2013.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone signalling regulates crucial biological functions, including energy expenditure, thermogenesis, development and growth. The skeletal muscle is a major target of thyroid hormone signalling. The type 2 and 3 iodothyronine deiodinases (DIO2 and DIO3, respectively) have been identified in skeletal muscle. DIO2 expression is tightly regulated and catalyses outer-ring monodeiodination of the secreted prohormone tetraiodothyronine (T4) to generate the active hormone tri-iodothyronine (T3). T3 can remain in the myocyte to signal through nuclear receptors or exit the cell to mix with the extracellular pool. By contrast, DIO3 inactivates T3 through removal of an inner-ring iodine. Regulation of the expression and activity of deiodinases constitutes a cell-autonomous, pre-receptor mechanism for controlling the intracellular concentration of T3. This local control of T3 activity is crucial during the various phases of myogenesis. Here, we review the roles of T3 in skeletal muscle development and homeostasis, with a focus on the emerging local deiodinase-mediated control of T3 signalling. Moreover, we discuss these novel findings in the context of both muscle homeostasis and pathology, and examine how skeletal muscle deiodinase activity might be therapeutically harnessed to improve satellite-cell-mediated muscle repair in patients with skeletal muscle disorders, muscle atrophy or injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Salvatore
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples 'Federico II', Building 1, 1st floor, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Warner S Simonides
- Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Centre, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Monica Dentice
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples 'Federico II', Building 1, 1st floor, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ann Marie Zavacki
- Thyroid Section, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, HIM room 641, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - P Reed Larsen
- Thyroid Section, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, HIM room 641, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) has long been recognized as a major modulator of metabolic efficiency, energy expenditure, and thermogenesis. TH effects in regulating metabolic efficiency are transduced by controlling the coupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and the cycling of extramitochondrial substrate/futile cycles. However, despite our present understanding of the genomic and nongenomic modes of action of TH, its control of mitochondrial coupling still remains elusive. This review summarizes historical and up-to-date findings concerned with TH regulation of metabolic energetics, while integrating its genomic and mitochondrial activities. It underscores the role played by TH-induced gating of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) in controlling metabolic efficiency. PTP gating may offer a unified target for some TH pleiotropic activities and may serve as a novel target for synthetic functional thyromimetics designed to modulate metabolic efficiency. PTP gating by long-chain fatty acid analogs may serve as a model for such strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Einav Yehuda-Shnaidman
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel 91120
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Walrand S, Short KR, Heemstra LA, Novak CM, Levine JA, Coenen-Schimke JM, Nair KS. Altered regulation of energy homeostasis in older rats in response to thyroid hormone administration. FASEB J 2013; 28:1499-510. [PMID: 24344330 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-239806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hyperthyroidism causes increased energy intake and expenditure, although anorexia and higher weight loss have been reported in elderly individuals with hyperthyroidism. To determine the effect of age on energy homeostasis in response to experimental hyperthyroidism, we administered 200 μg tri-iodothyronine (T3) in 7- and 27-mo-old rats for 14 d. T3 increased energy expenditure (EE) in both the young and the old rats, although the old rats lost more weight (147 g) than the young rats (58 g) because of the discordant effect of T3 on food intake, with a 40% increase in the young rats, but a 40% decrease in the old ones. The increased food intake in the young rats corresponded with a T3-mediated increase in the appetite-regulating proteins agouti-related peptide, neuropeptide Y, and uncoupling protein 2 in the hypothalamus, but no increase occurred in the old rats. Evidence of mitochondrial biogenesis in response to T3 was similar in the soleus muscle and heart of the young and old animals, but less consistent in old plantaris muscle and liver. Despite the comparable increase in EE, T3's effect on mitochondrial function was modulated by age in a tissue-specific manner. We conclude that older rats lack compensatory mechanisms to increase caloric intake in response to a T3-induced increase in EE, demonstrating a detrimental effect of age on energy homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Walrand
- 1Endocrinology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Feng X, Chen L, Zhuang S, Li C, Yan Z, Xu X, Zhou G. Effect of duck meat consumption on thyroid hormone concentrations and energy metabolism of Sprague–Dawley rats. Appetite 2013; 69:94-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2013.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
33
|
Elliott KH, Welcker J, Gaston AJ, Hatch SA, Palace V, Hare JF, Speakman JR, Anderson WG. Thyroid hormones correlate with resting metabolic rate, not daily energy expenditure, in two charadriiform seabirds. Biol Open 2013; 2:580-6. [PMID: 23789108 PMCID: PMC3683160 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20134358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones affect in vitro metabolic intensity, increase basal metabolic rate (BMR) in the lab, and are sometimes correlated with basal and/or resting metabolic rate (RMR) in a field environment. Given the difficulty of measuring metabolic rate in the field—and the likelihood that capture and long-term restraint necessary to measure metabolic rate in the field jeopardizes other measurements—we examined the possibility that circulating thyroid hormone levels were correlated with RMR in two free-ranging bird species with high levels of energy expenditure (the black-legged kittiwake, Rissa tridactyla, and thick-billed murre, Uria lomvia). Because BMR and daily energy expenditure (DEE) are purported to be linked, we also tested for a correlation between thyroid hormones and DEE. We examined the relationships between free and bound levels of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) with DEE and with 4-hour long measurements of post-absorptive and thermoneutral resting metabolism (resting metabolic rate; RMR). RMR but not DEE increased with T3 in both species; both metabolic rates were independent of T4. T3 and T4 were not correlated with one another. DEE correlated with body mass in kittiwakes but not in murres, presumably owing to the larger coefficient of variation in body mass during chick rearing for the more sexually dimorphic kittiwakes. We suggest T3 provides a good proxy for resting metabolism but not DEE in these seabird species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle H Elliott
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2 , Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|