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Liu J, Wang H, Ren W, Zhou Y, Ye Z, Tan WS. β-mercaptoethanol promotes osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells via sirt1-ERK pathway. Cytotechnology 2020; 72:695-706. [PMID: 32691200 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-020-00412-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUMSCs) hold strong self-renewal capacity and low immunogenicity, which have attracted attention as potential candidates for bone repair and regeneration. However, insufficient osteogenic differentiation markedly hinders the clinical applications of hUMSCs. In the present study, the effect of β-mercaptoethanol (BME), a small molecule antioxidant which has been identified to regulate cell proliferation and differentiation, on osteogenic differentiation of hUMSCs and underlying signaling mechanism were investigated. The results indicated that under osteogenic induction conditions, BME treatment increased the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and promoted calcium mineralization in hUMSCs. The gene and protein expression of osteogenesis-related markers such as ALP, osteopontin (OPN), osteocalcin (OCN) and collagen type I (COLI) were also significantly up-regulated. Besides, BME promoted the protein expression of silent information regulator type 1 (sirt1) and stimulated the activation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), contributing to increased Runx2 expression. Furthermore, blocking the expression of sirt1 attenuated BME-enhanced ERK phosphorylation and osteogenic differentiation of hUMSCs. These results indicated that BME accelerated osteogenic differentiation of hUMSCs by activating the sirt1-ERK signaling pathway, thereby providing insights into the development of MSCs-based bone regeneration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, P. O. Box 309#, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, P. O. Box 309#, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxia Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, P. O. Box 309#, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, P. O. Box 309#, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhaoyang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, P. O. Box 309#, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Song Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, P. O. Box 309#, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
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Novel halo- and thermo-tolerant Cohnella sp. A01 L-glutaminase: heterologous expression and biochemical characterization. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19062. [PMID: 31836796 PMCID: PMC6910923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55587-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
L-glutaminase importance to use in the food industry and medicine has attracted much attention. Enzymes stability has always been a challenge while working with them. We heterologously expressed and characterized a novel stable L-glutaminase from an extremophile bacterium (Cohnella sp. A01, PTCC No: 1921). Km, Vmax, catalytic efficiency and specific activity of rSAM were respectively 1.8 mM, 49 µmol/min, 1851 1/(S.mM) and 9.2 IU/mg. Activation energy for substrate to product conversion and irreversible thermo-inactivation were respectively 4 kJ/mol and 105 kJ/mol from the linear Arrhenius plot. rSAM had the highest activity at temperature 50 °C, pH 8 and was resistant to a wide range of temperature and pH. In compare to the other characterized glutaminases, rSAM was the most resistant to NaCl. Mg2+, glycerol, DTT, and BME enhanced the enzyme activity and iodoacetate and iodoacetamide inhibited it. rSAM had only been partially digested by some proteases. According to the Fluorimetry and Circular dichroism analysis, rSAM in pH range from 4 to 11 and temperatures up to 60 °C had structural stability. A cysteine residue in the enzyme active site and a thiol bond were predicted upon the modeled tertiary structure of rSAM. Present structural studies also confirmed the presence of a thiol bond in its structure.
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Chakrabarti S, Jahandideh F, Davidge ST, Wu J. Milk-Derived Tripeptides IPP (Ile-Pro-Pro) and VPP (Val-Pro-Pro) Enhance Insulin Sensitivity and Prevent Insulin Resistance in 3T3-F442A Preadipocytes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:10179-10187. [PMID: 30160110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
There is great interest in developing naturally derived compounds, especially bioactive peptides with potential insulin sensitizing effects and/or preventing insulin resistance. Previously, we showed adipogenic and insulin mimetic actions of IPP (Ile-Pro-Pro) and VPP (Val-Pro-Pro), the milk-derived tripeptides on cultured preadipocytes, in addition to their previously characterized antihypertensive and anti-inflammatory functions. However, the effect of these peptides on insulin signaling is not known. Therefore, we examined IPP and VPP effects on insulin signaling in preadipocytes, a well-established model for studying insulin signaling. Our results suggested both peptides enhanced insulin signaling and contributed toward the prevention of insulin resistance in the presence of tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Inhibition of inflammatory mediator NF-kB under TNF stimulation was a likely contributor to the prevention of insulin resistance. VPP further enhanced the expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in adipocytes and restored glucose uptake in TNF-treated adipocytes. Our data suggested the potential of these peptides in the management of conditions associated with impairments in insulin signaling.
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Ishihara Y, Tsuji M, Vogel CFA. Suppressive effects of aryl-hydrocarbon receptor repressor on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 642:75-80. [PMID: 29432714 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The aryl-hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AhRR) negatively regulates aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling via its inhibitory transactivation. AhR is well known to suppress adipocyte differentiation, but the function of AhRR during adipogenesis is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of AhRR in adipocyte differentiation using 3T3-L1 cells. During the early phase of differentiation, AhRR expression was transiently induced, but throughout the entire differentiation process, low levels of AhR expression were maintained. AhRR knockdown significantly increased not only glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity but also lipid accumulation inside the cells. AhRR overexpression clearly reduced GPDH activity and lipid accumulation, indicating that AhRR upregulation during the early stage of adipogenesis suppresses adipocyte differentiation. Since AhRR knockdown increases the expression and activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), AhRR negatively regulates PPARγ during adipogenesis. In summary, similar to AhR, AhRR acts as an inhibitor of adipocyte differentiation. In addition to controlling the negative feedback loop of AhR, AhRR might be involved in other functions, especially in adipocyte differentiation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Ishihara
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan.
| | - Mayumi Tsuji
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Department of Environmental Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Christoph F A Vogel
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Yang W, Yang C, Luo J, Wei Y, Wang W, Zhong Y. Adiponectin promotes preadipocyte differentiation via the PPARγ pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:428-435. [PMID: 29115433 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the results of a preliminary study, it was hypothesized that the effects of adiponectin (APN) on the improvement of atherosclerosis may be associated with adipocyte differentiation and peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ (PPARγ). The present study simulated the inflammatory environment of epicardial adipose tissue by stimulating mature adipocytes with lipopolysaccharide (LPS); subsequently, the differentiation of 3T3‑L1 preadipocytes was observed. 3T3‑L1 preadipocytes were infected with an adenovirus containing the human adiponectin gene apM1 (Ad‑apM1) and were co‑cultured with mature adipocytes stimulated with LPS. Differentiation into mature adipocytes was initiated using differentiation medium. After 8 days, an MTT assay was used to examine cell viability and oil red O staining was used to observe preadipocyte differentiation. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein‑1 (MCP‑1), interleukin (IL)‑6, IL‑8 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‑α) were examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the protein expression levels of PPARγ, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) and preadipocyte factor‑1 (Pref‑1) were measured by western blotting. The results indicated that APN overexpression significantly increased preadipocyte differentiation and cell viability, inhibited MCP‑1, IL‑6, IL‑8 and TNF‑α expression, upregulated PPARγ and C/EBPα expression, and downregulated Pref‑1 under LPS stimulation. In addition, inhibition of PPARγ activity by T0070907 markedly attenuated the effects of APN overexpression. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that the effects of APN on the promotion of preadipocyte differentiation under inflammatory conditions may involve the PPARγ signaling pathway, and at least partly depends on upregulation of PPARγ expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Yang
- Department of Cardio‑Thoracic Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Chunli Yang
- Department of Intensive Care, Jiangxi People's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Cardio‑Thoracic Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Yutao Wei
- Department of Cardio‑Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832008, P.R. China
| | - Wenying Wang
- Department of Intensive Care, Jiangxi People's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yingmei Zhong
- Department of Intensive Care, Jiangxi People's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Jahandideh F, Chakrabarti S, Davidge ST, Wu J. Egg white hydrolysate shows insulin mimetic and sensitizing effects in 3T3-F442A pre-adipocytes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185653. [PMID: 28972997 PMCID: PMC5626431 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance and inflammation in adipose tissue is a key mechanism underlying metabolic syndrome, a growing health problem characterized by diabetes, obesity and hypertension. Previous work from our research group has demonstrated the potential of egg white ovotransferrin derived bioactive peptides against hypertension, oxidative stress and inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Egg white hydrolysate (EWH) has also shown anti-hypertensive effects in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Given the interplay among hypertension, inflammation, oxidative stress and metabolic syndrome, the objective of the study was to test the EWH on differentiation, insulin signaling and inflammatory responses in 3T3-F442A pre-adipocytes. Our study suggested that EWH could promote adipocyte differentiation as shown by increased lipid accumulation, increased release of adiponectin and upregulation of peroxisome proliferator associated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/ enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBP-α). In addition to enhanced insulin effects on the upregulation of protein kinase B/Akt phosphorylation, EWH treatment increased extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation to a level similar to that of insulin, indicating insulin sensitizing and mimetic properties of the EWH. EWH further attenuated cytokine induced inflammatory marker; cyclooxygenase -2 (COX-2) by 48.78%, possibly through the AP-1 pathway by down regulating c-Jun phosphorylation in adipocytes. Given the critical role of adipose in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, EWH may have potential applications in the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Jahandideh
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Subhadeep Chakrabarti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sandra T. Davidge
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Wu CY, Wu YY, Liu CD, Wang YX, Na W, Wang N, Li H. Comparative proteome analysis of abdominal adipose tissues between fat and lean broilers. Proteome Sci 2016; 14:9. [PMID: 27594807 PMCID: PMC5009711 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-016-0100-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The molecular mechanism underlying broiler fat deposition is still poorly understood. Method Currently, we used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) to identify differentially expressed proteins in abdominal adipose tissues of birds at 4 week of age derived from Northeast Agricultural University broiler lines divergently selected for abdominal fat content (NEAUHLF). Results Thirteen differentially expressed protein spots were screened out and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). The protein spots were matched to thirteen proteins by searching against the NCBInr database. These identified proteins were apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I), cytokeratin otokeratin, ATP synthase subunit alpha, peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP4 (PPIase FKBP4), aspartate aminotransferase, carbonic anhydrase II (CA-II), prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase precursor, fibrinogen alpha chain, lamin-A (LMNA), superoxide dismutase [Mn] (MnSOD), heat shock protein beta-1 (HSPβ1) and two predicted proteins. These differentially expressed proteins are involved mainly in lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, signal transduction, energy conversion, antioxidant, and cytoskeleton. Differential expression of Apo A-I, PPIase FKBP4, and cytokeratin otokeratin proteins were further confirmed by Western blot analysis. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analyses showed that, of these 13 differentially expressed proteins, only PPIase FKBP4 and cytokeratin otokeratin were differentially expressed at mRNA level between the two lines. Conclusions Our results have provided further information for understanding the basic genetics control of growth and development of broiler adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding of Agriculture Ministry, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 Heilongjiang China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding of Agriculture Ministry, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 Heilongjiang China.,Weifang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, 261071 Shandong China
| | - Chun-Dong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding of Agriculture Ministry, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 Heilongjiang China
| | - Yu-Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding of Agriculture Ministry, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 Heilongjiang China
| | - Wei Na
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding of Agriculture Ministry, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 Heilongjiang China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding of Agriculture Ministry, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 Heilongjiang China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding of Agriculture Ministry, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 Heilongjiang China
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Pieralisi A, Martini C, Soto D, Vila MC, Calvo JC, Guerra LN. N-acetylcysteine inhibits lipid accumulation in mouse embryonic adipocytes. Redox Biol 2016; 9:39-44. [PMID: 27281491 PMCID: PMC4906124 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays critical roles in the pathogenesis of diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis; some authors reported that fat accumulation correlates to systemic oxidative stress in human and mice, but cellular redox environment effect on lipid accumulation is still unclear. In our laboratory we used mouse embryonic fibroblasts (undifferentiated cells: CC), which are capable of differentiating into mature adipocytes (differentiated cells: DC) and accumulate lipids, as obesity model. Here we analyzed the role of the well-known antioxidant and glutathione precursor N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in cellular MAPK modulation and lipid accumulation. We evaluated the effect of NAC on the adipogenic differentiation pathway using different doses: 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 5 mM; no toxic doses in these cells. A dose of 5 mM NAC [DCN-5] provoked a significant decrease in triglyceride accumulation (72±10 [DCN-5] vs 169±15 [DC], p<0.01), as well in Oil Red O stained neutral lipid content (120±2 [DCN-5] vs 139±12 [DC], p<0.01). Molecular mechanisms responsible for adipogenic differentiation involve increase of the expression of phosphoERK½ and phosphoJNK, 5 mM NAC treatment inhibited both pERK½ and pJNK protein levels. We also evaluated the mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) which takes place during adipogenesis and observed an increase in DC at a rate of 1.5 cells number compared to CC at day 2, whereas the highest doses of NAC significantly inhibited MCE. Our results suggest that NAC inhibits lipid accumulation and the MAPK phosphorylation in mouse embryonic fibroblasts during adipogenic differentiation and further contribute to probe the importance of cellular redox environment in adipogenesis. NAC, up to 5 mM, is not toxic in adipocytes obtained from mouse embryonic fibroblasts. NAC inhibited phosphorylation of ERK½ and JNK in adipogenic differentiation. NAC inhibited mitotic clonal expansion in adipogenic differentiation. NAC inhibited triglyceride and lipid accumulation in mouse embryonic adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pieralisi
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires - IQUIBICEN, CONICET, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón 2, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Martini
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires - IQUIBICEN, CONICET, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón 2, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D Soto
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires - IQUIBICEN, CONICET, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón 2, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M C Vila
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires - IQUIBICEN, CONICET, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón 2, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J C Calvo
- IBYME, CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L N Guerra
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires - IQUIBICEN, CONICET, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón 2, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Chakrabarti S, Wu J. Milk-derived tripeptides IPP (Ile-Pro-Pro) and VPP (Val-Pro-Pro) promote adipocyte differentiation and inhibit inflammation in 3T3-F442A cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117492. [PMID: 25714093 PMCID: PMC4340623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk derived tripeptides IPP (Ile-Pro-Pro) and VPP (Val-Pro-Pro) have shown promise as anti-hypertensive agents due to their inhibitory effects on angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). Due to the key inter-related roles of hypertension, chronic inflammation and insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, there is growing interest in investigating established anti-hypertensive agents for their effects on insulin sensitivity and inflammation. In this study, we examined the effects of IPP and VPP on 3T3-F442A murine pre-adipocytes, a widely used model for studying metabolic diseases. We found that both IPP and VPP induced beneficial adipogenic differentiation as manifested by intracellular lipid accumulation, upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and secretion of the protective lipid hormone adiponectin by these cells. The observed effects were similar to those induced by insulin, suggesting potential benefits in the presence of insulin resistance. IPP and VPP also inhibited cytokine induced pro-inflammatory changes such as reduction in adipokine levels and activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. Taken together, our findings suggest that IPP and VPP exert insulin-mimetic adipogenic effects and prevent inflammatory changes in adipocytes, which may offer protection against metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadeep Chakrabarti
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science (AFNS) and the Cardiovascular Research Centre (CVRC), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science (AFNS) and the Cardiovascular Research Centre (CVRC), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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10
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Calzadilla P, Gómez-Serrano M, García-Santos E, Schiappacasse A, Abalde Y, Calvo JC, Peral B, Guerra LN. N-Acetylcysteine affects obesity-related protein expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Redox Rep 2014; 18:210-8. [PMID: 24112955 DOI: 10.1179/1351000213y.0000000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oxidative stress plays critical roles in the pathogeneses of diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis, but its effect on fat accumulation is still unclear. In this study, we analyzed the role of the well-known antioxidant and a glutathione (GSH) precursor N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in fat accumulation and the expression of obesity-associated proteins. METHODS We studied the effects of 10 µM NAC on obesity-related protein expression in cultured 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, which are able to differentiate into mature adipocytes and accumulate lipids. RESULTS NAC treatment inhibited fat accumulation and reduced the expression of obesity-related proteins, including monoamine oxidase A, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), aminoacylase -1 (ACY-1), and transketolase. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that the effects of NAC on triglycerides (Tgs) and protein expression are correlated. In support of this, we showed that NAC treatment affected both the Tg synthesis pathway and the expression levels of proteins implicated in human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Calzadilla
- Universidad de Buenos Aires - IQUIBICEN, CONICET. Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón 2 (1428), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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11
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Wong S, Kirkland JL, Schwanz HA, Simmons AL, Hamilton JA, Corkey BE, Guo W. Effects of thiol antioxidant β-mercaptoethanol on diet-induced obese mice. Life Sci 2014; 107:32-41. [PMID: 24802126 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Obesity and insulin resistance are associated with increased oxidant stress. However, treatments of obese subjects with different types of antioxidants often give mixed outcomes. In this work, we sought to determine if long-term supplementation of a thiol antioxidant, β-mercaptoethanol, to diet-induced obese mice may improve their health conditions. MAIN METHODS Middle-age mice with pre-existing diet-induced obesity were provided with low concentration β-mercaptoethanol (BME) in drinking water for six months. Animals were assessed for body composition, gripping strength, spontaneous physical and metabolic activities, as well as insulin and pyruvate tolerance tests. Markers of inflammation were assessed in plasma, fat tissue, and liver. KEY FINDINGS BME-treated mice gained less fat mass and more lean mass than the control animals. They also showed increased nocturnal locomotion and respiration, as well as greater gripping strength. BME reduced plasma lipid peroxidation, decreased abdominal fat tissue inflammation, reduced fat infiltration into muscle and liver, and reduced liver and plasma C-reactive protein. However, BME was found to desensitize insulin signaling in vivo, an effect also confirmed by in vitro experiments. SIGNIFICANCE Long-term supplementation of low dose thiol antioxidant BME improved functional outcomes in animals with pre-existing obesity. Additional studies are needed to address the treatment impact on insulin sensitivity if a therapeutic value is to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu Wong
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - James L Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Heidi A Schwanz
- Department of Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Amber L Simmons
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - James A Hamilton
- Department of Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Barbara E Corkey
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Wen Guo
- Research Program in Men's Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Torres-Ramírez N, Baiza-Gutman LA, García-Macedo R, Ortega-Camarillo C, Contreras-Ramos A, Medina-Navarro R, Cruz M, Ibáñez-Hernández MÁ, Díaz-Flores M. Nicotinamide, a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase non-competitive mixed inhibitor, modifies redox balance and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. Life Sci 2013; 93:975-85. [PMID: 24184296 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Excessive energy uptake of dietary carbohydrates results in their storage as fat and requires glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-mediated NADPH production. We sought to assess whether the nicotinamide-induced reduction of G6PD activity might modulate redox balance and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. MAIN METHODS 3T3-L1 preadipocytes (days 4 and 6 of differentiation) and adipocytes were cultured in the presence of 5 or 25 mM glucose. The cells cultured in 25 mM glucose were supplemented with nicotinamide (5-15 mM). Next, we evaluated the following parameters: cell viability, apoptosis, lipid accumulation, lipolysis, reducing power, reactive oxygen species (ROS), NAD(P)H and NAD(P)(+), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDP), malic enzyme and G6PD, as well as the protein and mRNA levels of G6PD. We also analysed the kinetics of the nicotinamide-induced inhibition of G6PD. KEY FINDINGS G6PD mRNA levels increased at day 4 of adipocyte differentiation, whereas G6PD activity progressively increased at days 4 and 6 of differentiation and was reduced in adipocytes. Concomitantly, ROS, reducing power and lipid accumulation increased gradually as the preadipocytes matured into adipocytes. High glucose increased the activity of G6PD, which coincided with an increase in ROS, reducing power and lipid accumulation. All of these changes are prevented by nicotinamide, with the exception of lipid accumulation in adipocytes. Nicotinamide increased IDP activity without affecting NADPH levels. Lastly, nicotinamide inhibited G6PD in a non-competitive mixed way. SIGNIFICANCE Nicotinamide modulates G6PD via a non-competitive mixed inhibition and decreases high glucose-dependent oxidative stress and lipid accumulation. Nicotinamide maintains NADPH levels by increasing the activity of IDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayeli Torres-Ramírez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, CMN Siglo XXI, IMSS, D.F., Mexico; Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, D.F., Mexico; Posgrado en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, ENCB-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico
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13
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Wong S, Bhasin S, Serra C, Yu Y, Deng L, Guo W. Lopinavir/Ritonavir Impairs Physical Strength in Association with Reduced Igf1 Expression in Skeletal Muscle of Older Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 4:216. [PMID: 26251758 PMCID: PMC4524660 DOI: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Late-middle age HIV patients are prone to fatigue despite effective viral control by antiretroviral therapies. Rodent models to recapitulate this phenotype are still not available. Hypothesis Drug treatment may compromise muscle strength and physical performance more in older individuals with pre-existing metabolic disorders than normal young ones. Methods Kaletra was given to overweight male mice at late-middle age and normal young adults; both on a rodent diet containing 30% fat calorie. Body composition and grip strength were measured at baseline and after drug treatment. Rota-rod running, insulin and glucose tolerance were measured at the end of the experiment. Drug effect on metabolic activity and spontaneous movements were assessed using the metabolic cage system. Representative muscle and fat tissue were analyzed for protein and mRNA expression. Selected findings were tested using murine C2C12 myotubes. Results Kaletra reduced grip strength in both young and older mice but impaired rotarod performance only in the old. Spontaneous movements were also reduced in Kaletra-treated old mice. Kaletra reduced IGF-1 expression in all muscle groups tested for the old and in cultured myotubes but to a less extent in the muscle of young animals. Reduced IGF-1 expression correlated with increased expression of muscle-specific atrogene MAFbx and MuRF1. Kaletra also increased abdominal fat mass markedly in the old animals and to a less extend in the young. Conclusion Long-term Kaletra intake aggravated abdominal obesity and impaired muscle strength. This effect was worse in older animals than in normal young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu Wong
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center for Function promoting Anabolic Therapies, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Shalender Bhasin
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center for Function promoting Anabolic Therapies, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Carlo Serra
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center for Function promoting Anabolic Therapies, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Yanan Yu
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center for Function promoting Anabolic Therapies, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Lynn Deng
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center for Function promoting Anabolic Therapies, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Wen Guo
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center for Function promoting Anabolic Therapies, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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