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Deans-Fielder K, Wu T, Nguyen T, To S, Huang YZ, Bark SJ, Mills JC, Shroyer NF. Mechanisms driving fasting-induced protection from genotoxic injury in the small intestine. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 326:G504-G524. [PMID: 38349111 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00126.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Genotoxic agents such as doxorubicin (DXR) can cause damage to the intestines that can be ameliorated by fasting. How fasting is protective and the optimal timing of fasting and refeeding remain unclear. Here, our analysis of fasting/refeeding-induced global intestinal transcriptional changes revealed metabolic shifts and implicated the cellular energetic hub mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in protecting from DXR-induced DNA damage. Our analysis of specific transcripts and proteins in intestinal tissue and tissue extracts showed that fasting followed by refeeding at the time of DXR administration reduced damage and caused a spike in mTORC1 activity. However, continued fasting after DXR prevented the mTORC1 spike and damage reduction. Surprisingly, the mTORC1 inhibitor, rapamycin, did not block fasting/refeeding-induced reduction in DNA damage, suggesting that increased mTORC1 is dispensable for protection against the initial DNA damage response. In Ddit4-/- mice [DDIT4 (DNA-damage-inducible transcript 4) functions to regulate mTORC1 activity], fasting reduced DNA damage and increased intestinal crypt viability vs. ad libitum-fed Ddit4-/- mice. Fasted/refed Ddit4-/- mice maintained body weight, with increased crypt proliferation by 5 days post-DXR, whereas ad libitum-fed Ddit4-/- mice continued to lose weight and displayed limited crypt proliferation. Genes encoding epithelial stem cell and DNA repair proteins were elevated in DXR-injured, fasted vs. ad libitum Ddit4-/- intestines. Thus, fasting strongly reduced intestinal damage when normal dynamic regulation of mTORC1 was lost. Overall, the results confirm that fasting protects the intestines against DXR and suggests that fasting works by pleiotropic - including both mTORC1-dependent and independent - mechanisms across the temporally dynamic injury response.NEW & NOTEWORTHY New findings are 1) DNA damage reduction following a 24-h fast depends on the timing of postfast refeeding in relation to chemotherapy initiation; 2) fasting/refeeding-induced upregulation of mTORC1 activity is not required for early (6 h) protection against DXR-induced DNA damage; and 3) fasting increases expression of intestinal stem cell and DNA damage repair genes, even when mTORC1 is dysregulated, highlighting fasting's crucial role in regulating mTORC1-dependent and independent mechanisms in the dynamic recovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kali Deans-Fielder
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Timothy Wu
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Thanh Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Cancer and Cell Biology Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Sarah To
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Yang-Zhe Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Cancer and Cell Biology Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Steven J Bark
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Jason C Mills
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Noah F Shroyer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
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Cherng JH, Chang SJ, Tsai HD, Chun CF, Fan GY, Reeves KD, Lam KHS, Wu YT. The Potential of Glucose Treatment to Reduce Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Apoptosis of Inflamed Neural Cells In Vitro. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1837. [PMID: 37509477 PMCID: PMC10376532 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a key feature in the pathogenesis of entrapment neuropathies. Clinical trial evidence suggests that perineural injection of glucose in water at entrapment sites has therapeutic benefits beyond a mere mechanical effect. We previously demonstrated that 12.5-25 mM glucose restored normal metabolism in human SH-SYFY neuronal cells rendered metabolically inactive from TNF-α exposure, a common initiator of neuroinflammation, and reduced secondary elevation of inflammatory cytokines. In the present study, we measured the effects of glucose treatment on cell survival, ROS activity, gene-related inflammation, and cell cycle regulation in the presence of neurogenic inflammation. We exposed SH-SY5Y cells to 10 ng/mL of TNF-α for 24 h to generate an inflammatory environment, followed by 24 h of exposure to 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, and 25 mM glucose. Glucose exposure, particularly at 12.5 mM, preserved apoptotic SH-SY5Y cell survival following a neuroinflammatory insult. ROS production was substantially reduced, suggesting a ROS scavenging effect. Glucose treatment significantly increased levels of CREB, JNK, and p70S6K (p < 0.01), pointing to antioxidative and anti-inflammatory actions through components of the MAPK family and Akt pathways but appeared underpowered (n = 6) to reach significance for NF-κB, p38, ERK1/2, Akt, and STAT5 (p < 0.05). Cell regulation analysis indicated that glucose treatment recovered/restored function in cells arrested in the S or G2/M-phases. In summary, glucose exposure in vitro restores function in apoptotic nerves after TNF-α exposure via several mechanisms, including ROS scavenging and enhancement of MAPK family and Akt pathways. These findings suggest that glucose injection about entrapped peripheral nerves may have several favorable biochemical actions that enhance neuronal cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juin-Hong Cherng
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jen Chang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell and Tissue Regeneration, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Da Tsai
- Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell and Tissue Regeneration, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Fang Chun
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Gang-Yi Fan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell and Tissue Regeneration, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | | | - King Hei Stanley Lam
- The Hong Kong Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Hong Kong
- Department of Family Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Family Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Center for Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Tsan Wu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Integrated Pain Management Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Department of Research and Development, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
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Sun Y, Zhang C, He B, Wang L, Tian D, Kang Z, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Dingda D, Zhang Q, Gao F. 7.0T cardiac magnetic resonance imaging of right ventricular function in rats with high-altitude deacclimatization. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2023; 11:116. [PMID: 36819537 PMCID: PMC9929826 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-5991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background High-altitude deacclimatization syndrome (HADAS) is a severe public health issue. The study of the changes in right ventricular function caused by high-altitude deacclimatization (HADA) is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of HADAS. Methods Six-week-old, male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into the plain, plateau and the HADA group. Rats in the plateau and plain group were exposed to altitudes of 3,850 and 360 m, respectively, for 12 weeks. Rats in HADA group were exposed to the plateau altitude of 3,850 m for 12 weeks and subsequently transported to the plain altitude of 360 m for 4 weeks. Right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF), end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), stroke volume (SV), and myocardial strain parameters, including the global longitudinal strain (GLS), global radial strain (GRS), and global circumferential strain (GCS), were evaluated by 7.0T cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). The levels of red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), and hematocrit (HCT) in the blood were measured, and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the myocardium. Results In rats in the plateau group, the right ventricular fibrous space was slightly widened, and partial focal steatosis were observed. However, in the HADA group, only a few focal steatoses were found. Rats in the plateau group had elevated levels of RBC, HGB and HCT, increased right ventricular end-diastolic volume (RVEDV), right ventricular end-systolic volume (RVESV) and right ventricular stroke volume (RVSV), and decreased right ventricular global longitudinal strain (RVGLS), right ventricular global circumferential strain (RVGCS), and right ventricular global radial strain (RVGRS) compared to rats in the plain group (P<0.001). The RVEDV, RVGCS, and RVGRS in the HADA group basically returned to the plain state. Interestingly, the RVESV in the HADA group was higher, while the RVSV, RVEF, and RVGLS were lower than those in the other two groups. Conclusions After 12 weeks of exposure to high-altitude environment, there were some pathological changes and the whole contractile strain of the right ventricle was observed. Some pathological changes in the myocardial tissue and stroma recovered after returning to the plain for 4 weeks. However, the right ventricular systolic function and strain did not recover completely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Sun
- Department of Radiology, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Chenhong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Bo He
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dengfeng Tian
- Department of Radiology, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Zhiqiang Kang
- Department of Radiology, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Department of Radiology, Yushu People’s Hospital, Yushu, China
| | - Yonghai Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Duojie Dingda
- Department of Radiology, Yushu People’s Hospital, Yushu, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Fabao Gao
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Narla ST, Bushnell DS, Duara JL, Bates CM. AKT Signaling Downstream of KGF Is Necessary and Sufficient for Blocking Cyclophosphamide Bladder Injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:604-612. [PMID: 35063403 PMCID: PMC8961277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) drives phosphorylated (activated) AKT (pAKT) in bladder urothelium, which correlates with cytoprotection from cyclophosphamide. The current study determined whether: i) KGF modifies AKT targets [B-cell lymphoma protein 2-associated agonist of cell death (BAD) and mammalian target of rapamycin complex (mTORC)-1] that could block apoptosis; ii) AKT signaling is required for KGF cytoprotection; iii) direct AKT activation drives cytoprotection; iv) co-administration of KGF and an AKT inhibitor blocks urothelial cytoprotection and AKT and AKT-target activation; and v) an AKT agonist prevents cyclophosphamide-induced urothelial apoptosis. Mice were given KGF and cyclophosphamide (or sham injury), and pBAD (readout of BAD inhibition) or p-p70S6k (pS6, readout of mTORC1 signaling) was assessed. KGF induced pBAD urothelial staining and prevented cyclophosphamide-induced loss of urothelial pS6 staining (likely stabilizing mTORC1 activity). Co-administration of KGF and AKT inhibitor blocked KGF-driven urothelial cytoprotection from cyclophosphamide and prevented pAKT, pBAD, and pS6 urothelial expression. Conversely, systemic AKT agonist blocked cyclophosphamide-induced urothelial apoptosis and induced pAKT, pBAD, and pS6, similar to KGF. Thus, the KGF-AKT signaling axis appeared to phosphorylate (suppress) BAD and prevent cyclophosphamide-induced loss of mTORC1 signaling, both of which likely suppress apoptosis. Additionally, AKT signaling was required for KGF-driven cytoprotection, and direct AKT activation was sufficient for blocking apoptosis. Thus, AKT may be a therapeutic target for blocking urothelial apoptosis from cyclophosphamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar T Narla
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel S Bushnell
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Joanne L Duara
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Carlton M Bates
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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Narla ST, Rice L, Ostrov D, Swarts SG, Siemann D, Bushnell DS, Holden JG, Duara J, Bates CM. FGF7 peptide (FGF7p) mimetic mitigates bladder urothelial injury from cyclophosphamide. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15241. [PMID: 35388988 PMCID: PMC8988121 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Although full-length fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7) blocks cyclophosphamide-induced urothelial apoptosis in mice, limitations include high production costs because of its large size. We previously identified a small peptide derived from FGF2 that mitigated acute radiation syndrome as well as full-length FGF2. Based on the sequence of the FGF2 peptide, we synthesized a corresponding 19 amino acid FGF7 peptide (FGF7p). Our objectives were to determine if systemic FGF7p triggered the downstream targets and protected against cyclophosphamide bladder injury similar to full-length FGF7. We administered FGF7p or vehicle subcutaneously (SQ) to mice subjected to no injury or intraperitoneal (IP) cyclophosphamide and harvested bladders 1 day after injury. We then performed hematoxylin and eosin, TUNEL and immunofluorescence (IF) staining. In uninjured mice, a 20 mg/kg threshold FGF7p dose induced expression of phosphorylated (activated) FRS2α (pFRS2α), and pAKT in urothelium (consistent with cytoprotective effects of FGF7). We then gave FGF7p (20 mg/kg) or vehicle at 72 and 48 h prior to cyclophosphamide. One day after injury, TUNEL staining revealed many more apoptotic urothelial cells with vehicle treatment versus FGF7p treatment. IF for pAKT and readouts of two anti-apoptotic AKT targets (BAD and mTORC1) revealed minimal staining with vehicle treatment, but strong urothelial expression for all markers with FGF7p treatment. In conclusion, FGF7p appears to block bladder urothelial apoptosis via AKT and its targets, similar to FGF7. FGF7p is much more inexpensive to make and has a longer shelf life and higher purity than FGF7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Tatarao Narla
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Lori Rice
- Department of Radiation OncologyCollege of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - David Ostrov
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Steven G. Swarts
- Department of Radiation OncologyCollege of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Dietmar W. Siemann
- Department of Radiation OncologyCollege of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Daniel Scott Bushnell
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Jacqueline G. Holden
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Joanne Lindsey Duara
- Division of NeonatologyDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Carlton Matthew Bates
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Division of NephrologyUPMC Children’s Hospital of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
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Martel J, Chang SH, Ko YF, Hwang TL, Young JD, Ojcius DM. Gut barrier disruption and chronic disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:247-265. [PMID: 35151560 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal barrier protects the host against gut microbes, food antigens, and toxins present in the gastrointestinal tract. However, gut barrier integrity can be affected by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including genetic predisposition, the Western diet, antibiotics, alcohol, circadian rhythm disruption, psychological stress, and aging. Chronic disruption of the gut barrier can lead to translocation of microbial components into the body, producing systemic, low-grade inflammation. While the association between gut barrier integrity and inflammation in intestinal diseases is well established, we review here recent studies indicating that the gut barrier and microbiota dysbiosis may contribute to the development of metabolic, autoimmune, and aging-related disorders. Emerging interventions to improve gut barrier integrity and microbiota composition are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Martel
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsin Chang
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Fei Ko
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung Biotechnology Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan; Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - John D Young
- Chang Gung Biotechnology Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - David M Ojcius
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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7
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Filippone A, Casili G, Ardizzone A, Lanza M, Mannino D, Paterniti I, Esposito E, Campolo M. Inhibition of Prolyl Oligopeptidase Prevents Consequences of Reperfusion following Intestinal Ischemia. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101354. [PMID: 34680471 PMCID: PMC8533609 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) remains a clinical event that contributes to high morbidity and mortality rates. Intestinal epithelium is exposed to histological and vascular changes following tissue ischemia. Prolyl endopeptidase (PREP), involved in inflammatory responses, could be targeted for recovery from the permanent consequences following intestinal ischemia. Our aim was to investigate the role of PREP inhibitor KYP-2047 in tissue damage, angiogenesis, and endothelial barrier permeability after intestinal IRI in mice. METHODS KYP-2047 treatments were performed 5 min prior to intestinal damage. Intestinal IRI was induced in mice by clamping the superior mesenteric artery and the celiac trunk for 30 min, followed by 1 h of reperfusion. RESULTS PREP inhibition by KYP-2047 treatment reduced intestinal IR-induced histological damage and neutrophil accumulation, limiting inflammation through decrease of NF-ĸB nuclear translocation and fibrotic processes. KYP-2047 treatment restored barrier permeability and structural alteration following intestinal IRI, attenuating neovascular processes compromised by ischemia/reperfusion. Additionally, loss of epithelial cells during intestinal ischemia occurring by apoptosis was limited by KYP-2047 treatment, which showed strong effects counteracting apoptosis and DNA damage. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide the first evidence that PREP inhibition through KYP-2047 inhibitor use could be a validate strategy for resolving alterations of intestinal epithelium the pathophysiology of intestinal disease.
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Fukai M, Nakayabu T, Ohtani S, Shibata K, Shimada S, Sakamoto S, Fuda H, Furukawa T, Watanabe M, Hui SP, Chiba H, Shimamura T, Taketomi A. The Phenolic Antioxidant 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl Alcohol (DHMBA) Prevents Enterocyte Cell Death under Oxygen-Dissolving Cold Conditions through Polyphyletic Antioxidant Actions. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10091972. [PMID: 34064340 PMCID: PMC8124816 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10091972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold preservation in University of Wisconsin (UW) solution is not enough to maintain the viability of the small intestine, due to the oxidative stress. The novel phenolic antioxidant 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl alcohol (DHMBA) has dual properties to reduce oxidative stress, radical scavenging, and antioxidant protein induction, in other cells. This study was designed to determine whether DHMBA reduces cold preservation injury of enterocytes, and to identify the effector site. Enterocytes were subjected to 48-h cold preservation under atmosphere in UW solution (±DHMBA), and then returned to normal culture to replicate reperfusion of the small intestine after cold preservation. At the end of cold preservation (ECP) and at 1, 3, 6, and 72 h after rewarming (R1h, R3h, R6h, and R72h), we evaluated cell function and the injury mechanism. The results showed that DHMBA protected mitochondrial function mainly during cold preservation, and suppressed cell death after rewarming, as shown by the MTT, ATP, mitochondrial membrane potential, LDH, and lipid peroxidation assays, together with enhanced survival signals (PI3K, Akt, p70S6K) and induction of antioxidant proteins (HO-1, NQO-1, TRX-1). We found that DHMBA mitigates the cold-induced injury of enterocytes by protecting the mitochondria through direct and indirect antioxidative activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moto Fukai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Nishi 7, Kita 15, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Hokkaido, Japan; (T.N.); (S.O.); (K.S.); (S.S.); (S.S.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-11-7065927; Fax: +81-11-7177515
| | - Takuya Nakayabu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Nishi 7, Kita 15, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Hokkaido, Japan; (T.N.); (S.O.); (K.S.); (S.S.); (S.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Shintaro Ohtani
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Nishi 7, Kita 15, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Hokkaido, Japan; (T.N.); (S.O.); (K.S.); (S.S.); (S.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Kengo Shibata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Nishi 7, Kita 15, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Hokkaido, Japan; (T.N.); (S.O.); (K.S.); (S.S.); (S.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Shingo Shimada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Nishi 7, Kita 15, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Hokkaido, Japan; (T.N.); (S.O.); (K.S.); (S.S.); (S.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Soudai Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Nishi 7, Kita 15, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Hokkaido, Japan; (T.N.); (S.O.); (K.S.); (S.S.); (S.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Hirotoshi Fuda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Nishi5, Kita12, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Hokkaido, Japan; (H.F.); (T.F.); (M.W.); (S.-P.H.); (H.C.)
| | - Takayuki Furukawa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Nishi5, Kita12, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Hokkaido, Japan; (H.F.); (T.F.); (M.W.); (S.-P.H.); (H.C.)
| | - Mitsugu Watanabe
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Nishi5, Kita12, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Hokkaido, Japan; (H.F.); (T.F.); (M.W.); (S.-P.H.); (H.C.)
- Watanabe Oyster Laboratory Co. Ltd., 490-3, Shimoongata-cho, Hachioji 190-0154, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu-Ping Hui
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Nishi5, Kita12, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Hokkaido, Japan; (H.F.); (T.F.); (M.W.); (S.-P.H.); (H.C.)
| | - Hitoshi Chiba
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Nishi5, Kita12, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Hokkaido, Japan; (H.F.); (T.F.); (M.W.); (S.-P.H.); (H.C.)
- Department of Nutrition, Sapporo University of Health Sciences, 1-15, 2 chome, Nakanumanishi4jou, Higashi-ku, Sapporo 007-0894, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Shimamura
- Division of Organ Transplantation, Central Clinical Facilities, Hokkaido University Hospital, Nishi5 Kita14, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8648, Hokkaido, Japan;
| | - Akinobu Taketomi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Nishi 7, Kita 15, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Hokkaido, Japan; (T.N.); (S.O.); (K.S.); (S.S.); (S.S.); (A.T.)
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9
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Efficacy of Shenqi Pollen Capsules for High-Altitude Deacclimatization Syndrome via Suppression of the Reoxygenation Injury and Inflammatory Response. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:4521231. [PMID: 31828172 PMCID: PMC6881745 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4521231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High-altitude deacclimatization syndrome (HADAS) is involved in hypoxia-reoxygenation injury and inflammatory response, induced a series of symptoms, and has emerged as a severe public health issue. Here, we investigated the mechanism as well as potential means to prevent HADAS using Shenqi pollen capsules (SPCs) in subjects with HADAS in a multicenter, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study. All subjects were at the same high altitude (3650 m) for 4-8 months before returning to lower altitudes. Subjects (n = 288) in 20 clusters were diagnosed with mild or moderate HADAS on the third day of the study. We randomly allocated 20 clusters of subjects (1 : 1) to receive SPCs or a placebo for 7 weeks, and they were then followed up to the 14th week. The primary endpoints were subjects' HADAS scores recorded during the 14 weeks of follow-up. Compared with the placebo, SPC treatment significantly decreased the subjects' HADAS scores and reduced the incidence of symptom persistence. SPC therapy also reduced the serum levels of CK, CK-MB, LDH, IL-17A, TNF-α, and miR-155 and elevated IL-10 and miR-21 levels. We thus demonstrate that SPCs effectively ameliorated HADAS symptoms in these subjects via suppression of the hypoxia-reoxygenation injury and inflammatory response.
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10
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Protective Role of mTOR in Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: Involvement of Inflammation and Autophagy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7861290. [PMID: 31827701 PMCID: PMC6885218 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7861290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is a common phenomenon after liver resection and transplantation, which often results in liver graft dysfunction such as delayed graft function and primary nonfunction. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an evolutionarily highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinase, which coordinates cell growth and metabolism through sensing environmental inputs under physiological or pathological conditions, involved in the pathophysiological process of IR injury. In this review, we mainly present current evidence of the beneficial role of mTOR in modulating inflammation and autophagy under liver IR to provide some evidence for the potential therapies for liver IR injury.
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11
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Hu ZC, Tan YL, Huang SG, Pan P, Liu XB, Wang J, Guo WL. Molecular imaging of Toll-like receptor 4 detects ischemia-reperfusion injury during intussusception. Oncotarget 2018; 9:7882-7890. [PMID: 29487699 PMCID: PMC5814266 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the acute phase of intestinal I/R injury during intussusception and evaluated whether anti-TLR4 antibody-conjugated lead sulfide quantum dots (TLR4-PbS QDs) could be used to detect and monitor the injury. We first established a mouse model of I/R injury during intussusception. TLR-PbS QDs were then intravenously administered to intestinal I/R injured mice and visualized using whole-body fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II). Immunohistochemical analysis of intestinal tissue from the mice revealed that TLR4 expression was higher in the I/R injury group than the control and TAK-242 groups (5.189 ± 2.482, 1.186 ± 1.171, and 2.400 ± 0.857, respectively, P < 0.05). NIR-II fluorescence intensity was also higher in the I/R injury group than in the control and TAK-242 groups (86.415 ± 10.955, 38.975 ± 8.619, and 71.977 ± 3.838, respectively; P < 0.05). Thus, anti-TLR4-PbS QDs bound to TLR4 on the cell membranes of intestinal epithelial cells with high specificity in vitro and in vivo. These results indicate that TLR4 promotes intestinal I/R injury during intussusception and that the injury can be noninvasively imaged using TLR4-PbS QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Chun Hu
- Radiology Department, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Ya-Lan Tan
- Radiology Department, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Shun-Gen Huang
- General Surgery Department, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Peng Pan
- Radiology Department, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Liu
- General Surgery Department, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Jian Wang
- General Surgery Department, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Wan-Liang Guo
- Radiology Department, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003, China
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12
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Klawitter J, Pennington A, Klawitter J, Thurman JM, Christians U. Mitochondrial cyclophilin D ablation is associated with the activation of Akt/p70S6K pathway in the mouse kidney. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10540. [PMID: 28874678 PMCID: PMC5585384 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10076-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial matrix protein cyclophilin D (CypD) is an essential component of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP). Here we characterized the effects of CypD ablation on bioenergetics in the kidney. CypD loss triggers a metabolic shift in Ppif-/- male and female mouse kidneys towards glycolysis and Krebs cycle activity. The shift is accompanied by increased glucose consumption and a transcriptional upregulation of effectors of glucose metabolism in the kidney. These included activation of Akt, AMPK (only in males) and p70S6K kinases. Gender specific differences between the Ppif-/- male and female mouse kidneys were observed including activation of pro-surviving ERK1/2 kinase and inhibited expression of pro-apoptotic and pro-fibrotic JNK and TGFβ1 proteins in Ppif-/- females. They also showed the highest expression of phosphorylated-ERK1/2 and Akt S473 proteins of all four investigated animal groups. Furthermore, Ppif-/- females showed higher lactate concentrations and ATP/ADP-ratios in the kidney than males. These metabolic and transcriptional modifications could provide an additional level of protection to Ppif-/- females. In summary, loss of mitochondrial CypD results in a shift in bioenergetics and in activation of glucose-metabolism regulating Akt/AMPK/p70S6 kinase pathways that is expected to affect the capability of Ppif-/- mice kidneys to react to stimuli and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Klawitter
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
- Division of Renal Disease and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
| | - Alexander Pennington
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jost Klawitter
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Joshua M Thurman
- Division of Renal Disease and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Uwe Christians
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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13
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Enyindah-Asonye G, Li Y, Xin W, Singer NG, Gupta N, Fung J, Lin F. CD6 Receptor Regulates Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion-induced Injury by Modulating Natural IgM-producing B1a Cell Self-renewal. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:661-671. [PMID: 27909060 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.749804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a relatively common pathological condition that can lead to multi-organ failure and mortality. Regulatory mechanism for this disease is poorly understood, although it is established that circulating pathogenic natural IgM, which is primarily produced by B1a cells outside of the peritoneal cavity, are integrally involved. CD6 was originally identified as a marker for T cells and was later found to be present on some subsets of B cells in humans; however, whether CD6 plays any role in intestinal I/R-induced injury and, if so, the underlying mechanisms, remain unknown. Here we report that CD6-/- mice were significantly protected from intestinal inflammation and mucosal damage compared with WT mice in a model of intestinal I/R-induced injury. Mechanistically, we found that CD6 was selectively expressed on B1 cells outside of the bone marrow and peritoneal cavity and that pathogenic natural IgM titers were reduced in the CD6-/- mice in association with significantly decreased B1a cell population. Our results reveal an unexpected role of CD6 in the pathogenesis of intestinal IR-induced injury by regulating the self-renewal of B1a cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gospel Enyindah-Asonye
- From the Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Yan Li
- From the Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Wei Xin
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Nora G Singer
- Division of Rheumatology, MetroHealth Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, and
| | - Neetu Gupta
- From the Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - John Fung
- Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Feng Lin
- From the Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195,
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14
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Watt KD. The evolving role of the microbiome in liver failure and liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2016; 22:58-61. [PMID: 27588961 DOI: 10.1002/lt.24623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kymberly D Watt
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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15
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Doycheva I, Leise MD, Watt KD. The Intestinal Microbiome and the Liver Transplant Recipient: What We Know and What We Need to Know. Transplantation 2016; 100:61-8. [PMID: 26647107 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiome and immune system are in close symbiotic relationship in health. Gut microbiota plays a role in many chronic liver diseases and cirrhosis. However, alterations in the gut microbiome after liver transplantation and the implications for liver transplant recipients are not well understood and rely mainly on experimental animal studies. Recent advances in molecular techniques have identified that increased intestinal permeability, decreased beneficial bacteria, and increased pathogenic species may play important roles in the early posttransplant period. The associations between microbiota perturbation and postliver transplant infections and acute rejection are evolving. The link with metabolic syndrome, obesity, and cardiac disease in the general population require translation into the transplant recipient. This review focuses on our current knowledge of the known and potential interaction of the microbiome in the liver transplant recipient. Future human studies focused on microbiota changes in liver transplant patients are warranted and expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana Doycheva
- 1 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria. 2 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Transplant Center, Rochester, MN
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16
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Association between Serum Interleukin-17A Level and High-Altitude Deacclimatization Syndrome. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:1732352. [PMID: 27190491 PMCID: PMC4848448 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1732352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
High-altitude deacclimatization syndrome (HADAS) is emerging as a severe public health issue that threatens the quality of life of individuals who return to lower altitude from high altitude. In this study, we measured serum levels of SOD, MDA, IL-17A, IL-10, TNF-α, and HADAS score in HADAS subjects at baseline and 50th and 100th days and to evaluate the relationship between interleukins, including IL-17A, and HADAS. Our data showed that and the serum IL-17A levels and HADAS score decreased over time in the HADAS group, and serum IL-17A levels were significantly higher in the HADAS group at baseline and 50th day compared with controls (p < 0.05). Furthermore, baseline serum levels of MDA and TNF-α were significantly higher, while SOD and IL-10 levels were lower in HADAS subjects compared with controls (p < 0.05). It is interesting that serum levels of IL-17A were clearly interrelated with HADAS incidence and severity (p < 0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that combined serum IL-17A and IL-10 levels were a better predictor of HADAS incidence than serum levels of IL-17A or IL-10 alone. These data suggest that serum levels of IL-17A are a novel predictive index of HADAS.
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17
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Guan Y, Zhang L, Li X, Zhang X, Liu S, Gao N, Li L, Gao G, Wei G, Chen Z, Zheng Y, Ma X, Siwko S, Chen JL, Liu M, Li D. Repression of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 Inhibits Intestinal Regeneration in Acute Inflammatory Bowel Disease Models. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:339-46. [PMID: 26026060 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway integrates environmental cues to regulate cell growth and survival through various mechanisms. However, how mTORC1 responds to acute inflammatory signals to regulate bowel regeneration is still obscure. In this study, we investigated the role of mTORC1 in acute inflammatory bowel disease. Inhibition of mTORC1 activity by rapamycin treatment or haploinsufficiency of Rheb through genetic modification in mice impaired intestinal cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis, leading to high mortality in dextran sodium sulfate- and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis models. Through bone marrow transplantation, we found that mTORC1 in nonhematopoietic cells played a major role in protecting mice from colitis. Reactivation of mTORC1 activity by amino acids had a positive therapeutic effect in mTORC1-deficient Rheb(+/-) mice. Mechanistically, mTORC1 mediated IL-6-induced Stat3 activation in intestinal epithelial cells to stimulate the expression of downstream targets essential for cell proliferation and tissue regeneration. Therefore, mTORC1 signaling critically protects against inflammatory bowel disease through modulation of inflammation-induced Stat3 activity. As mTORC1 is an important therapeutic target for multiple diseases, our findings will have important implications for the clinical usage of mTORC1 inhibitors in patients with acute inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Guan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xia Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xinyan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shijie Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Na Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Liang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ganglong Gao
- Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shanghai 201499, China; and
| | - Gaigai Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhaohua Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yansen Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xueyun Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Stefan Siwko
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jin-Lian Chen
- Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shanghai 201499, China; and
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Dali Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;
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18
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Shimada S, Fukai M, Wakayama K, Ishikawa T, Kobayashi N, Kimura T, Yamashita K, Kamiyama T, Shimamura T, Taketomi A, Todo S. Hydrogen sulfide augments survival signals in warm ischemia and reperfusion of the mouse liver. Surg Today 2014; 45:892-903. [PMID: 25362520 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-014-1064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) ameliorates hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI), but the precise mechanism remains elusive. We investigated whether sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS), a soluble derivative of H2S, would ameliorate hepatic IRI, and if so, via what mechanism. METHODS Mice were subjected to partial warm ischemia for 75 min followed by reperfusion. Either NaHS or saline was administered intravenously 10 min before reperfusion. The liver and serum were collected 3, 6, and 24 h after reperfusion. RESULTS In the NaHS(-) group, severe IRI was apparent by the ALT leakage, tissue injury score, apoptosis, lipid peroxidation, and inflammation (higher plasma TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-23, IL-17, and CD40L), whereas IRI was significantly ameliorated in the NaHS(+) group. These effects could be explained by the augmented nuclear translocation of Nrf2, and the resulting up-regulation of HO-1 and thioredoxin-1. Phosphorylation of the PDK-1/Akt/mTOR/p70S6k axis, which is known to mediate pro-survival and anti-apoptotic signals, was significantly augmented in the NaHS(+) group, with a higher rate of PCNA-positive cells thereafter. CONCLUSION NaHS ameliorated hepatic IRI by direct and indirect anti-oxidant activities by augmenting pro-survival, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory signals via mechanisms involving Nrf-2, and by accelerating hepatic regeneration via mechanisms involving Akt-p70S6k.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Shimada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N-15, W-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
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19
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Ban K, Peng Z, Kozar RA. Inhibition of ERK1/2 worsens intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76790. [PMID: 24073294 PMCID: PMC3779170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The role of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) in intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury has not been well investigated. The aim of the current study was to examine the effect of inhibition of the ERK pathway in an in vitro and in vivo model of intestinal I/R injury. Methods ERK1/2 activity was inhibited using the specific inhibitor, U0126, in intestinal epithelial cells under hypoxia/reoxygenation conditions and in mice subjected to 1 hour of intestinal ischemia followed by 6 hours reperfusion. In vitro, cell proliferation was assessed by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay, apoptosis by DNA fragmentation, and migration using an in vitro model of intestinal wound healing. Cells were also transfected with a p70S6K plasmid and the effects of overexpression similarly analyzed. In vivo, the effects of U0126 on intestinal cell proliferation and apoptosis, intestinal permeability, lung and intestinal neutrophil infiltration and injury, and plasma cytokine levels were measured. Survival was also assessed after U0126. Activity of p70S6 kinase (p70S6K) was measured by Western blot. Results In vitro, inhibition of ERK1/2 by U0126 significantly decreased cell proliferation and migration but enhanced cell apoptosis. Overexpression of p70S6K promoted cell proliferation and decreased cell apoptosis. In vivo, U0126 significantly increased cell apoptosis and decreased cell proliferation in the intestine, increased intestinal permeability, intestinal and lung neutrophil infiltration, and injury, as well as systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. Mortality was also significantly increased by U0126. Inhibition of ERK1/2 by U0126 also abolished activity of p70S6K both in vitro and in vivo models. Conclusion Pharmacologic inhibition of ERK1/2 by U0126 worsens intestinal IR injury. The detrimental effects are mediated, at least in part, by inhibition of p70S6K, the major effector of mammalian target of rapamycin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kechen Ban
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Zhanglong Peng
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rosemary A. Kozar
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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Analysis of high-altitude de-acclimatization syndrome after exposure to high altitudes: a cluster-randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62072. [PMID: 23650508 PMCID: PMC3641122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The syndrome of high-altitude de-acclimatization commonly takes place after long-term exposure to high altitudes upon return to low altitudes. The syndrome severely affects the returnee's quality of life. However, little attention has been paid to careful characterization of the syndrome and their underlying mechanisms. Male subjects from Chongqing (n = 67, 180 m) and Kunming (n = 70, 1800 m) visited a high-altitude area (3650 m) about 6 months and then returned to low-altitude. After they came back, all subjects were evaluated for high-altitude de-acclimatization syndrome on the 3rd, 50th, and 100th. Symptom scores, routine blood and blood gas tests, and myocardial zymograms assay were used for observation their syndrome. The results showed that the incidence and severity of symptoms had decreased markedly on the 50th and 100th days, compared with the 3rd day. The symptom scores and incidence of different symptoms were lower among subjects returning to Kunming than among those returning to Chongqing. On the 3rd day, RBC, Hb, Hct, CK, CK-MB, and LDH values were significantly lower than values recorded at high altitudes, but they were higher than baseline values. On the 50th day, these values were not different from baseline values, but LDH levels did not return to baseline until the 100th day. These data show that, subjects who suffered high-altitude de-acclimatization syndrome, the recovery fully processes takes a long time (≥100th days). The appearance of the syndrome is found to be related to the changes in RBC, Hb, Hct, CK, CK-MB, and LDH levels, which should be caused by reoxygenation after hypoxia.
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TSUJI TOSHIFUMI, NAITO YUJI, TAKAGI TOMOHISA, KUGAI MUNEHIRO, YORIKI HIROYUKI, HORIE RYUSUKE, FUKUI AKIFUMI, MIZUSHIMA KATSURA, HIRAI YASUKO, KATADA KAZUHIRO, KAMADA KAZUHIRO, UCHIYAMA KAZUHIKO, HANDA OSAMU, KONISHI HIDEYUKI, YAGI NOBUAKI, ICHIKAWA HIROSHI, YANAGISAWA RIE, SUZUKI JUNKOS, TAKANO HIROHISA, SATOH MASAHIKO, YOSHIKAWA TOSHIKAZU. Role of metallothionein in murine experimental colitis. Int J Mol Med 2013; 31:1037-46. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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