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Galis P, Bartosova L, Farkasova V, Bartekova M, Ferenczyova K, Rajtik T. Update on clinical and experimental management of diabetic cardiomyopathy: addressing current and future therapy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1451100. [PMID: 39140033 PMCID: PMC11319149 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1451100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a severe secondary complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that is diagnosed as a heart disease occurring in the absence of any previous cardiovascular pathology in diabetic patients. Although it is still lacking an exact definition as it combines aspects of both pathologies - T2DM and heart failure, more evidence comes forward that declares DCM as one complex disease that should be treated separately. It is the ambiguous pathological phenotype, symptoms or biomarkers that makes DCM hard to diagnose and screen for its early onset. This re-view provides an updated look on the novel advances in DCM diagnosis and treatment in the experimental and clinical settings. Management of patients with DCM proposes a challenge by itself and we aim to help navigate and advice clinicians with early screening and pharmacotherapy of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Galis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Linda Bartosova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Farkasova
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Monika Bartekova
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kristina Ferenczyova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomas Rajtik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Li J, Nan X, Ma Y, Wang Z, Fang H. Therapeutic Potential of Fingolimod in Diabetes Mellitus and Its Chronic Complications. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:507-516. [PMID: 38318451 PMCID: PMC10840523 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s385016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose due to a deficiency of insulin secretion and/or action. Long-term poor blood glucose control may lead to chronic damage and dysfunction of the heart, kidneys, eyes, and other organs. Therefore, it is important to develop treatments for diabetes and its chronic complications. Fingolimod is a structural sphingosine analogue and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator currently used for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Several studies have shown that it has beneficial effects on the improvement of diabetes and its chronic complications. This paper reviews the therapeutic potential of Fingolimod in diabetes and its chronic complications, aiming to further guide future treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, 063000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Nan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yixuan Ma
- Graduate School, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Handan First Hospital, Handan, 056000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Fang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, 063000, People’s Republic of China
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Piccoli M, Cirillo F, Ghiroldi A, Rota P, Coviello S, Tarantino A, La Rocca P, Lavota I, Creo P, Signorelli P, Pappone C, Anastasia L. Sphingolipids and Atherosclerosis: The Dual Role of Ceramide and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010143. [PMID: 36671005 PMCID: PMC9855164 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are bioactive molecules that play either pro- and anti-atherogenic roles in the formation and maturation of atherosclerotic plaques. Among SLs, ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate showed antithetic properties in regulating various molecular mechanisms and have emerged as novel potential targets for regulating the development of atherosclerosis. In particular, maintaining the balance of the so-called ceramide/S1P rheostat is important to prevent the occurrence of endothelial dysfunction, which is the trigger for the entire atherosclerotic process and is strongly associated with increased oxidative stress. In addition, these two sphingolipids, together with many other sphingolipid mediators, are directly involved in the progression of atherogenesis and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques by promoting the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and influencing the vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype. The modulation of ceramide and S1P levels may therefore allow the development of new antioxidant therapies that can prevent or at least impair the onset of atherogenesis, which would ultimately improve the quality of life of patients with coronary artery disease and significantly reduce their mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Piccoli
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Cirillo
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Ghiroldi
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Rota
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Coviello
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Adriana Tarantino
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo La Rocca
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Ivana Lavota
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Pasquale Creo
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Signorelli
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Pappone
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Arrhythmology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Anastasia
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0226437765
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Wang YJ, Wang X, An A, Zang M, Xu L, Gong K, Song W, Li Q, Lu X, Xiao YF, Yu G, Ma ZA. Immunomodulator FTY720 improves glucose homeostasis and diabetic complications by rejuvenation of β-cell function in nonhuman primate model of diabetes. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2022; 36:699-711. [PMID: 35064580 PMCID: PMC9546369 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Inadequate β‐cell mass is essential for the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Previous report showed that an immunomodulator FTY720, a sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator, sustainably normalized hyperglycemia by stimulating β‐cell in vivo regeneration in db/db mice. We further examined the effects of FTY720 on glucose homeostasis and diabetic complications in a translational nonhuman primate (NHP) model of spontaneously developed diabetes. The male diabetic cynomolgus macaques of 18–19 year old were randomly divided into Vehicle (Purified water, n = 5) and FTY720 (5 mg/kg, n = 7) groups with oral gavage once daily for 10 weeks followed by 10 weeks drug free period. Compared with the Vehicle group, FTY720 effectively lowered HbA1c, blood concentrations of fasting glucose (FBG) and insulin, hence, decreased homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR); ameliorated glucose intolerance and restored glucose‐stimulated insulin release, indicating rejuvenation of β‐cell function in diabetic NHPs. Importantly, after withdrawal of FTY720, FBG, and HbA1c remained at low level in the drug free period. Echocardiography revealed that FTY720 significantly reduced proteinuria and improved cardiac left ventricular systolic function measured by increased ejection fraction and fractional shortening in the diabetic NHPs. Finally, flow cytometry analysis (FACS) detected that FTY720 significantly reduced CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes as well as increased DC cells in the circulation. Immunomodulator FTY720 improves glucose homeostasis via rejuvenation of β‐cell function, which can be mediated by suppression of cytotoxic CD8 + T lymphocytes to β‐cells, thus, may be a novel immunotherapy to reverse T2D progression and ameliorate the diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Jim Wang
- Crown Bioscience Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Innoland Bioscience Inc., Taicang, China
| | | | - Annie An
- Crown Bioscience Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Mingfa Zang
- Crown Bioscience Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ling Xu
- Crown Bioscience Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kefeng Gong
- Crown Bioscience Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Qing Li
- The First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Lu
- The First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yong-Fu Xiao
- Crown Bioscience Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Guoliang Yu
- Apollomics Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., Hangzhou, China
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Matsuzaki E, Minakami M, Matsumoto N, Anan H. Dental regenerative therapy targeting sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling pathway in endodontics. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2020; 56:127-134. [PMID: 33088365 PMCID: PMC7567953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of regenerative therapy in endodontics targeting the dentin-pulp complex, cementum, periodontal ligament tissue, and alveolar bone will provide valuable information to preserve teeth. It is well known that the application of stem cells such as induced pluripotent stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and somatic stem cells is effective in regenerative medicine. There are many somatic stem cells in teeth and periodontal tissues including dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells from the apical papilla, and periodontal ligament stem cells. Particularly, several studies have reported the regeneration of clinical pulp tissue and alveolar bone by DPSCs transplantation. However, further scientific issues for practical implementation remain to be addressed. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) acts as a bioactive signaling molecule that has multiple biological functions including cellular differentiation, and has been shown to be responsible for bone resorption and formation. Here we discuss a strategy for bone regeneration and a possibility for regenerative endodontics targeting S1P signaling pathway as one of approaches for induction of regeneration by improving the regenerative capacity of endogenous cells. SCIENTIFIC FIELD OF DENTAL SCIENCE Endodontology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuko Matsuzaki
- Section of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, Department of Odontology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiko Minakami
- Section of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, Department of Odontology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Matsumoto
- Section of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, Department of Odontology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
| | - Hisashi Anan
- Section of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, Department of Odontology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
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Tan Y, Zhang Z, Zheng C, Wintergerst KA, Keller BB, Cai L. Mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy and potential therapeutic strategies: preclinical and clinical evidence. Nat Rev Cardiol 2020; 17:585-607. [PMID: 32080423 PMCID: PMC7849055 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-020-0339-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis and clinical features of diabetic cardiomyopathy have been well-studied in the past decade, but effective approaches to prevent and treat this disease are limited. Diabetic cardiomyopathy occurs as a result of the dysregulated glucose and lipid metabolism associated with diabetes mellitus, which leads to increased oxidative stress and the activation of multiple inflammatory pathways that mediate cellular and extracellular injury, pathological cardiac remodelling, and diastolic and systolic dysfunction. Preclinical studies in animal models of diabetes have identified multiple intracellular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy and potential cardioprotective strategies to prevent and treat the disease, including antifibrotic agents, anti-inflammatory agents and antioxidants. Some of these interventions have been tested in clinical trials and have shown favourable initial results. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy and heart failure in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and we summarize the evidence from preclinical and clinical studies that might provide guidance for the development of targeted strategies. We also highlight some of the novel pharmacological therapeutic strategies for the treatment and prevention of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tan
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
- Wendy Novak Diabetes Center, University of Louisville, Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kupper A Wintergerst
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- Wendy Novak Diabetes Center, University of Louisville, Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Bradley B Keller
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- Kosair Charities Pediatric Heart Research Program, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
- Wendy Novak Diabetes Center, University of Louisville, Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
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Advanced glycation end products facilitate the proliferation and reduce early apoptosis of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells via PKCβ signaling pathway: Insight from diabetic cardiomyopathy. Anatol J Cardiol 2020; 23:141-150. [PMID: 32120359 PMCID: PMC7222633 DOI: 10.14744/anatoljcardiol.2019.21504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effects of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on the proliferation and apoptosis of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) in rats and their underlying signaling pathway. Methods: CMECs were isolated from Sprague–Dawley rats. We first examined the effects of AGEs on the proliferation and apoptosis of CMECs and then tested whether protein kinase C (PKC) β blockers could counteract the effects of AGEs. The PKC agonists phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and PKCβ blockers were also used to verify whether PKC could act independently on CMECs. The receptor for AGEs (RAGE)–small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection was used to verify the effect of AGEs on PKC. Following the above steps, we explained whether AGEs regulated the CMEC proliferation and early apoptosis through the PKCβ signaling pathway. Proliferation of CMECs was detected using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and early apoptosis was determined using the Annexin V- Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI) double staining. Expression of proliferation and apoptosis-related proteins and PKC phosphorylation were determined by western blotting analysis. Cell cycle distributions were assayed using a BD FACSCalibur cell-sorting system. Results: AGEs facilitated the proliferation of CMECs, upregulated phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase (p-ERK), and accelerated the entry of cells from G1 phase to the S+G2/M phase, which was consistent with the upregulated cyclin D1 by AGEs. AGEs inhibited early apoptosis of CMECs by increasing the expression of survivin and decreasing the expression of cleaved-caspase3. All these effects can be reversed by PKCβ1/2inhibitors. In addition, AGE upregulated the RAGE expression and phosphorylation of PKCβ1/2 in CMECs, while the inhibition of RAGE reversed the phosphorylation, as well as the effects of AGEs on proliferation and apoptosis in CMECs. Conclusion: The study indicated that AGEs facilitated the proliferation and reduced early apoptosis of CMECs via the PKCβ signaling pathway.
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Kovilakath A, Cowart LA. Sphingolipid Mediators of Myocardial Pathology. J Lipid Atheroscler 2020; 9:23-49. [PMID: 32821720 PMCID: PMC7379069 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2020.9.1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. While the causes of cardiomyopathy continue to be elucidated, current evidence suggests that aberrant bioactive lipid signaling plays a crucial role as a component of cardiac pathophysiology. Sphingolipids have been implicated in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease, as they regulate numerous cellular processes that occur in primary and secondary cardiomyopathies. Experimental evidence gathered over the last few decades from both in vitro and in vivo model systems indicates that inhibitors of sphingolipid synthesis attenuate a variety of cardiomyopathic symptoms. In this review, we focus on various cardiomyopathies in which sphingolipids have been implicated and the potential therapeutic benefits that could be gained by targeting sphingolipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kovilakath
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - L. Ashley Cowart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
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Diarte-Añazco EMG, Méndez-Lara KA, Pérez A, Alonso N, Blanco-Vaca F, Julve J. Novel Insights into the Role of HDL-Associated Sphingosine-1-Phosphate in Cardiometabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246273. [PMID: 31842389 PMCID: PMC6940915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are key signaling molecules involved in the regulation of cell physiology. These species are found in tissues and in circulation. Although they only constitute a small fraction in lipid composition of circulating lipoproteins, their concentration in plasma and distribution among plasma lipoproteins appears distorted under adverse cardiometabolic conditions such as diabetes mellitus. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), one of their main representatives, is involved in regulating cardiomyocyte homeostasis in different models of experimental cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyopathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus and represents a main risk factor for heart failure. Notably, plasma concentration of S1P, particularly high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-bound S1P, may be decreased in patients with diabetes mellitus, and hence, inversely related to cardiac alterations. Despite this, little attention has been given to the circulating levels of either total S1P or HDL-bound S1P as potential biomarkers of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Thus, this review will focus on the potential role of HDL-bound S1P as a circulating biomarker in the diagnosis of main cardiometabolic complications frequently associated with systemic metabolic syndromes with impaired insulin signaling. Given the bioactive nature of these molecules, we also evaluated its potential of HDL-bound S1P-raising strategies for the treatment of cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena M. G. Diarte-Añazco
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, and Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain;
| | - Karen Alejandra Méndez-Lara
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, and Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain;
- Correspondence: (K.A.M.-L.); (F.B.-V.); (J.J.)
| | - Antonio Pérez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Servei d’Endocrinologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Alonso
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Servei d’Endocrinologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Blanco-Vaca
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Servei de Bioquímica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (K.A.M.-L.); (F.B.-V.); (J.J.)
| | - Josep Julve
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, and Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (K.A.M.-L.); (F.B.-V.); (J.J.)
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Plin5/p-Plin5 Guards Diabetic CMECs by Regulating FFAs Metabolism Bidirectionally. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8690746. [PMID: 31772713 PMCID: PMC6854993 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8690746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Hyper-free fatty acidemia (HFFA) impairs cardiac capillaries, as well as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Perilipin 5 (Plin5) maintains metabolic balance of free fatty acids (FFAs) in high oxidative tissues via the states of nonphosphorylation and phosphorylation. However, when facing to T2DM-HFFA, Plin5's role in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) is not defined. Methods In mice of WT or Plin5−/−, T2DM models were rendered by high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin. CMECs isolated from left ventricles were incubated with high glucose (HG) and high FFAs (HFFAs). Plin5 phosphorylation was stimulated by isoproterenol. Plin5 expression was knocked down by small interfering RNA (siRNA). We determined cardiac function by small animal ultrasound, apoptotic rate by flow cytometry, microvessel quantity by immunohistochemistry, microvascular integrity by scanning electron microscopy, intracellular FFAs by spectrophotometry, lipid droplets (LDs) by Nile red staining, mRNAs by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, proteins by western blots, nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) by fluorescent dye staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Results In CMECs, HFFAs aggravated cell injury induced by HG and activated Plin5 expression. In mice with T2DM-HFFA, Plin5 deficiency reduced number of cardiac capillaries, worsened structural incompleteness, and enhanced diastolic dysfunction. Moreover, in CMECs treated with HG-HFFAs, both ablation and phosphorylation of Plin5 reduced LDs content, increased intracellular FFAs, stimulated mitochondrial β-oxidation, added ROS generation, and reduced the expression and activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), eventually leading to increased apoptotic rate and decreased NO content, all of which were reversed by N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Conclusion Plin5 preserves lipid balance and cell survival in diabetic CMECs by regulating FFAs metabolism bidirectionally via the states of nonphosphorylation and phosphorylation.
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Greig FH, Nather K, Ballantyne MD, Kazi ZH, Alganga H, Ewart MA, Zaborska KE, Fertig B, Pyne NJ, Pyne S, Kennedy S. Requirement for sphingosine kinase 1 in mediating phase 1 of the hypotensive response to anandamide in the anaesthetised mouse. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 842:1-9. [PMID: 30359564 PMCID: PMC6318480 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In the isolated rat carotid artery, the endocannabinoid anandamide induces endothelium-dependent relaxation via activation of the enzyme sphingosine kinase (SK). This generates sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) which can be released from the cell and activates S1P receptors on the endothelium. In anaesthetised mice, anandamide has a well-characterised triphasic effect on blood pressure but the contribution of SK and S1P receptors in mediating changes in blood pressure has never been studied. Therefore, we assessed this in the current study. The peak hypotensive response to 1 and 10 mg/kg anandamide was measured in control C57BL/6 mice and in mice pretreated with selective inhibitors of SK1 (BML-258, also known as SK1-I) or SK2 ((R)-FTY720 methylether (ROMe), a dual SK1/2 inhibitor (SKi) or an S1P1 receptor antagonist (W146). Vasodilator responses to S1P were also studied in isolated mouse aortic rings. The hypotensive response to anandamide was significantly attenuated by BML-258 but not by ROMe. Antagonising S1P1 receptors with W146 completely blocked the fall in systolic but not diastolic blood pressure in response to anandamide. S1P induced vasodilation in denuded aortic rings was blocked by W146 but caused no vasodilation in endothelium-intact rings. This study provides evidence that the SK1/S1P regulatory-axis is necessary for the rapid hypotension induced by anandamide. Generation of S1P in response to anandamide likely activates S1P1 to reduce total peripheral resistance and lower mean arterial pressure. These findings have important implications in our understanding of the hypotensive and cardiovascular actions of cannabinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona H Greig
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Katrin Nather
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Margaret D Ballantyne
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Zeshan H Kazi
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Husam Alganga
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Marie-Ann Ewart
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Karolina E Zaborska
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Bracy Fertig
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Nigel J Pyne
- Cell Biology Group, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, 161 Cathedral Street, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Susan Pyne
- Cell Biology Group, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, 161 Cathedral Street, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Simon Kennedy
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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12
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Shi D, Tian T, Yao S, Cao K, Zhu X, Zhang M, Wen S, Li L, Shi M, Zhou H. FTY720 attenuates behavioral deficits in a murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 70:293-304. [PMID: 29548997 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric (NP) involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) severely impacts patients' quality of life and leads to a poor prognosis. The current therapeutic protocol, corticosteroid administration, can also induce neuropsychiatric disorders. FTY720 is an immunomodulator that selectively confines lymphocytes in lymph nodes and reduces autoreactive T cell recruitment to the central nervous system (CNS). This study aimed to identify a novel therapeutic strategy for NPSLE. B6.MRL-lpr mice were treated with oral administration of FTY720 (2 mg/kg) three times per week for 12 weeks, to evaluate its efficacy in a model of NPSLE. FTY720 significantly attenuated the impulsive and depression-like behavior of B6.MRL-lpr mice. Neuronal damage was reduced in the cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala of the FTY720-treated B6.MRL-lpr mice, as well as in TNF-α-treated HT22 cells. Additionally, FTY720 downregulated levels of inflammatory cytokines, and reduced the infiltration of T cells and neutrophils in the brain parenchyma. FTY720 also acted directly on cerebral endothelial cells and reduced the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in B6.MRL-lpr mice, as evidenced by reduced central IgG and albumin levels. Finally, FTY720 significantly inhibited activation of PI3K/Akt/GSK3β/p65 signaling, which further reduced the expression levels of adhesion molecules in bEND.3 cells treated with B6.MRL-lpr mouse serum. Collectively, our data indicate that oral administration of FTY720 at an early stage has beneficial effects in NPSLE-model B6.MRL-lpr mice, suggesting that it may represent an effective new therapeutic strategy for NPSLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyan Shi
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, JS 211166, China
| | - Tongguan Tian
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, JS 211166, China
| | - Shu Yao
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, JS 211166, China
| | - Kelei Cao
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, JS 211166, China
| | - Xingxing Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, JS 211166, China
| | - Mingshun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, JS 211166, China
| | - Shuang Wen
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, JS 211166, China
| | - Longjun Li
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, JS 211166, China
| | - Meiqing Shi
- Division of Immunology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, JS 211166, China.
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Cui K, Ruan Y, Wang T, Rao K, Chen Z, Wang S, Liu J. FTY720 Supplementation Partially Improves Erectile Dysfunction in Rats With Streptozotocin-Induced Type 1 Diabetes Through Inhibition of Endothelial Dysfunction and Corporal Fibrosis. J Sex Med 2017; 14:323-335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ng ML, Wadham C, Sukocheva OA. The role of sphingolipid signalling in diabetes‑associated pathologies (Review). Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:243-252. [PMID: 28075451 PMCID: PMC5358714 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase (SphK) is an important signalling enzyme that catalyses the phosphorylation of sphingosine (Sph) to form sphingosine‑1‑phosphate (S1P). The multifunctional lipid, S1P binds to a family of five G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). As an intracellular second messenger, S1P activates key signalling cascades responsible for the maintenance of sphingolipid metabolism, and has been implicated in the progression of cancer, and the development of other inflammatory and metabolic diseases. SphK and S1P are critical molecules involved in the regulation of various cellular metabolic processes, such as cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis, adhesion and migration. There is strong evidence supporting the critical roles of SphK and S1P in the progression of diabetes mellitus, including insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion, pancreatic β‑cell apoptosis, and the development of diabetic inflammatory state. In this review, we summarise the current state of knowledge for SphK/S1P signalling effects, associated with the development of insulin resistance, pancreatic β‑cell death and the vascular complications of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li Ng
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Sydney, NSW 2050
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, University Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang 13200, Malaysia
- Correspondence to: Dr Mei Li Ng, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, University Sains Malaysia, No. 1-8 (Lot 8), Persiaran Seksyen 4, 1, Bandar Putra Bertam, Kepala Batas, Penang 13200, Malaysia, E-mail:
| | - Carol Wadham
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW 2031
| | - Olga A. Sukocheva
- School of Social Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
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Fingolimod Associated Bilateral Cystoid Macular Edema-Wait and See? Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122106. [PMID: 27983657 PMCID: PMC5187906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fingolimod 0.5-mg once-daily is an approved therapy for patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). Several pivotal and real-world studies have demonstrated that fingolimod is associated with the development of macular edema (ME). Herein, we present a case of a diabetic MS patient who developed severe bilateral ME during fingolimod treatment. By means of this case study we provide a detailed review about fingolimod associated macular edema (FAME), its current incidence with or without diabetes mellitus, and previous therapy attempts and outcomes in MS patients. Intravitreal administration of antibodies raised against vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) has not yet been used in the management of FAME, however, the excellent therapeutic response in our patient may justify the use of anti-VEGF-A agents in combination with cessation of fingolimod to achieve fast resolution of FAME and to prevent visual deficits, particularly in bilateral FAME.
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16
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Abdullah CS, Li Z, Wang X, Jin ZQ. Depletion of T lymphocytes ameliorates cardiac fibrosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 39:251-264. [PMID: 27494688 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
T cell infiltration has been associated with increased coronary heart disease risk in patients with diabetes mellitus. Effect of modulation of T cell trafficking on diabetes-induced cardiac fibrosis has yet to be determined. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the circulatory T cell depletion-mediated cardioprotection in streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy. Fingolimod (FTY720), an immunomodulatory drug, was tested in wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 and recombination activating gene 1 (Rag1) knockout (KO) mice without mature lymphocytes in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic model. FTY720 (0.3mg/kg/day) was administered intraperitoneally daily for the first 4weeks with interim 3weeks then resumed for another 4weeks in 11weeks study period. T lymphocyte counts, cardiac histology, function, and fibrosis were examined in diabetic both WT and KO mice. FTY720 reduced both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in diabetic WT mice. FTY720-treated diabetic WT mouse myocardium showed reduction in CD3 T cell infiltration and decreased expression of S1P1 and TGF-β1 in cardiac tissue. Fibrosis was reduced after FTY720 treatment in diabetic WT mice. Rag1 KO mice exhibited no CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the blood and CD3 T cells in the heart. Diabetic Rag1 KO mouse hearts appeared no fibrosis and exhibited preserved myocardial contractility. FTY720-induced antifibrosis was abolished in diabetic Rag1 KO mice. These findings demonstrate that chronic administration with FTY720 induces lymphopenia and protects diabetic hearts in WT mice whereas FTY720 increases cardiac fibrosis and myocardial dysfunction in diabetic Rag1 KO mice without mature lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chowdhury S Abdullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Xiuqing Wang
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Zhu-Qiu Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA.
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Meng GX, Yuan Q, Wei LP, Meng H, Wang YJ. Protein kinase C-β inhibitor treatment attenuates hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury in diabetic rats. Exp Ther Med 2015; 11:565-570. [PMID: 26893648 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury plays an active role in hepatic resection and transplantation. While the effects of protein kinase C (PKC)-βII activation and the role of PKC-β inhibitors are well understood in myocardial I/R in diabetes, they remain unclear in liver I/R. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of PKC-β inhibition and the potential mechanism by which PKC-β inhibitor treatment protects against hepatic I/R injury in diabetic rats. Diabetic rats were established and randomized into two groups. These were an untreated group (n=10), which did not receive any treatment, and a treatment group (n=10), orally treated with ruboxistaurin at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks. The rats from the two groups were subjected to hepatic I/R. Aspartate transaminase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were measured by enzymatic methods at 1, 3 and 5 h after I/R. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at the same time-points. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 expression was analyzed by immunofluorescence and western blotting. Apoptosis of hepatic cells was examined by the western blot analysis of caspase 3 expression and by DNA ladder analysis. Pathological changes were examined using light and electron microscopy. Serum AST and LDH levels in the PKC-β inhibitor treatment group were diminished compared with those in the untreated group (P<0.01). Serum TNF-α and ICAM-1 (P<0.01) levels were also decreased at different time-points in the PKC-β inhibitor treatment group. The relative expression of NF-κB p65 and caspase 3 in the hepatic tissue was weakened in the PKC-β inhibitor treatment group compared with that in the untreated group (P<0.01). Pathological changes in hepatic tissue were attenuated by the PKC-β inhibitor. In conclusion, PKC-β inhibitor treatment protected against liver I/R injury in diabetic rats. The mechanisms probably involved the attenuation of microvascular injury, reduced transport of injury-associated factors and diminishment of the activation of NF-κB p65.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Xing Meng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Hepatobiliary Research Institute, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Hepatobiliary Research Institute, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ping Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medicine Center, Tianjin 300121, P.R. China
| | - Hua Meng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Jun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Hepatobiliary Research Institute, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China
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Switching the sphingolipid rheostat in the treatment of diabetes and cancer comorbidity from a problem to an advantage. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:165105. [PMID: 25866760 PMCID: PMC4383402 DOI: 10.1155/2015/165105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer and diabetes are among the most common diseases in western societies. Epidemiological studies have shown that diabetic patients have a significantly higher risk of developing a number of different types of cancers and that individuals with comorbidity (cancer and diabetes/prediabetes) have a poorer prognosis relative to nondiabetic cancer patients. The increasing frequency of comorbidity of cancer and diabetes mellitus, mainly type 2 diabetes, has driven the development of therapeutic interventions that target both disease states. There is strong evidence to suggest that balancing the sphingolipid rheostat, ceramide--sphingosine--sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is crucial in the prevention of diabetes and cancer and sphingosine kinase/S1P modulators are currently under development for the treatment of cancer and diabetes. This paper will highlight some of the complexities inherent in the use of the emerging sphingosine kinase/S1P modulators in the treatment of comorbidity of diabetes and cancer.
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Behjati M, Etemadifar M, Abdar Esfahani M. Cardiovascular effects of fingolimod: A review article. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY 2014; 13:119-26. [PMID: 25422729 PMCID: PMC4240927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic auto-immune disease. Most therapeutic strategies for treatment of this disease direct immune modulation and control of inflammatory processes. First-line therapeutic agents showed moderate efficacy and frequent side-effects with moderate efficacy in trials. Their parental administration and limited long-term adherence restrict their efficacy compared with second-line therapies. Fingolimod as a second-line therapeutic agent has been shown to reduce annualized relapse rate, risk of disability progression and inflammatory activity of relapsing MS. Safety and efficacy FTY720: Safety and efficacy issues are the main metrics for judgment of drug efficacy. In this article, we focus on cardiovascular effects of FTY720 treatment. Effect of FTY720 on rate and rhythm, impact of FTY720 on endothelial cells, its atheroprotective effects, its effects on cardiac transplantation outcomes, vascular complications of FTY720, effects of FTY720 on endocrine functions and interaction of FTY720 with cardioactive agents are explained in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaddeseh Behjati
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center AND Heart Failure Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoud Etemadifar
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Morteza Abdar Esfahani
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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20
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Gong X, Liu H, Ding X, Liu M, Li X, Zheng L, Jia X, Zhou G, Zou Y, Li J, Huang X, Fan Y. Physiological pulsatile flow culture conditions to generate functional endothelium on a sulfated silk fibroin nanofibrous scaffold. Biomaterials 2014; 35:4782-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Wang J, Hong Z, Zeng C, Yu Q, Wang H. NADPH oxidase 4 promotes cardiac microvascular angiogenesis after hypoxia/reoxygenation in vitro. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 69:278-88. [PMID: 24480752 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microvascular endothelial cell dysfunction plays a key role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, wherein reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent signaling is intensively involved. However, the roles of the various ROS sources remain unclear. This study sought to investigate the role of NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) in the cardiac microvascular endothelium in response to I/R injury. Adult rat cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) were isolated and subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). Our results showed that Nox4 was highly expressed in CMECs, was significantly increased at both mRNA and protein levels after H/R injury, and contributed to H/R-stimulated increase in Nox activity and ROS generation. Downregulation of Nox4 by small interfering RNA transfection did not affect cell viability or ROS production under normoxia, but exacerbated H/R injury as evidenced by increased apoptosis and inhibited cell survival, migration, and angiogenesis after H/R. Nox4 inhibition also increased prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) expression and blocked H/R-induced increases in HIF-1α and VEGF expression. Pretreatment with DMOG, a specific competitive PHD inhibitor, upregulated HIF-1α and VEGF expression and significantly reversed Nox4 knockdown-induced injury. However, Nox2 was scarcely expressed and played a minimal role in CMEC survival and angiogenesis after H/R, though a modest upregulation of Nox2 was observed. In conclusion, this study demonstrated a previously unrecognized protective role of Nox4, a ROS-generating enzyme and the major Nox isoform in CMECs, against H/R injury by inhibiting apoptosis and promoting migration and angiogenesis via a PHD2-dependent upregulation of HIF-1/VEGF proangiogenic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Zhibo Hong
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Chao Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Qiujun Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Haichang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
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Xu H, Jin Y, Ni H, Hu S, Zhang Q. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor Agonist, FTY720, Restores Coronary Flow Reserve in Diabetic Rats. Circ J 2014; 78:2979-86. [PMID: 25319164 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-14-0521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongzeng Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University
- Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine
| | - Yuanzhe Jin
- Department of Cardiology, The fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University
| | | | | | - Qin Zhang
- Medical School of Southeast University
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Voon V, Saiva L, O'Kelly S, Keane D. Fingolimod-induced atrioventricular conduction defects in a young lady with multiple sclerosis--insights into possible drug mechanism. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 70:373-5. [PMID: 24309839 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-013-1620-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Voon
- St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland,
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Ni H, Chen J, Pan M, Zhang M, Zhang J, Chen P, Liu B. FTY720 prevents progression of renal fibrosis by inhibiting renal microvasculature endothelial dysfunction in a rat model of chronic kidney disease. J Mol Histol 2013; 44:693-703. [PMID: 23907620 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-013-9521-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that chronic endothelial dysfunction can impair multiple aspects of renal physiology and, in turn, contribute to renal fibrosis. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) has been highlighted as an endothelial barrier-stabilizing mediator. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of FTY720, an S1P analog, on the progression of renal fibrosis by inhibiting renal microvasculature endothelial dysfunction in a rat model of chronic kidney disease. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. Seven days after surgery, we placed the animals into three groups: sham surgery; 5/6 nephrectomized (Nx) rats; and 5/6Nx + FTY720 (1 mg/kg/day). All of the animals were sacrificed 12 weeks after surgery. We obtained and analyzed blood and kidney tissue samples from all of the groups. Glomerular capillary density and peritubular capillary (PTC) density were determined by CD31 immunostaining. The expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), collagen IV, fibronectin, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The 5/6Nx group exhibited increased blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine, visible renal histological changes, pro-fibrotic molecule (TGF-β1) and production of extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen IV and fibronectin and decreased glomerular and PTC density, compared to the sham controls (P < 0.01). We observed that treatment with FTY720 reduced these abnormalities. Furthermore, the level of NO, the expression levels of eNOS and VEGF were downregulated in the kidney tissue in 5/6Nx rats, FTY720 treatment significantly attenuated this decrease. FTY720 prevents the progression of renal fibrosis by inhibiting renal microvasculature endothelial dysfunction in a rat model of chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Ni
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
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