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Pariary R, Shome G, Dutta T, Roy A, Misra AK, Jana K, Rastogi S, Senapati D, Mandal AK, Bhunia A. Enhancing amyloid beta inhibition and disintegration by natural compounds: A study utilizing spectroscopy, microscopy and cell biology. Biophys Chem 2024; 313:107291. [PMID: 39029163 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2024.107291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Amyloid proteins and peptides play a pivotal role in the etiology of various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Synthetically designed small molecules/ peptides/ peptidomimetics show promise towards inhibition of various kinds of amyloidosis. However, exploration of compounds isolated from natural extracts having such potential is lacking. Herein, we have investigated the repurposing of a traditional Indian medicine Lasunadya Ghrita (LG) in AD. LG is traditionally used to treat gut dysregulation and mental illnesses. Various extracts of LG were obtained, characterized, and analyzed for inhibition of Aβ aggregation. Biophysical studies show that the water extract of LG (LGWE) is more potent in inhibiting Aβ peptide aggregation and defibrillation of Aβ40/Aβ42 aggregates. NMR studies showed that LGWE binds to the central hydrophobic area and C-terminal residues of Aβ40/Aβ42, thereby modulating the aggregation, and reducing cell membrane damage. Additionally, LGWE rescues Aβ toxicity in neuronal SH-SY5Y cells evident from decreases in ROS generation, membrane leakage, cellular apoptosis, and calcium dyshomeostasis. Notably, LGWE is non-toxic to neuronal cells and mouse models. Our study thus delves into the mechanistic insights of a repurposed drug LGWE with the potential to ameliorate Aβ induced neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranit Pariary
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus, Salt Lake, EN 80, Kolkata 700 091, India
| | - Gourav Shome
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus, Salt Lake, EN 80, Kolkata 700 091, India
| | - Tista Dutta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus, Salt Lake, EN 80, Kolkata 700 091, India
| | - Anuradha Roy
- Chemical Sciences Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700 064, India
| | - Anup Kumar Misra
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus, Salt Lake, EN 80, Kolkata 700 091, India
| | - Kuladip Jana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus, Salt Lake, EN 80, Kolkata 700 091, India
| | - Sanjeev Rastogi
- State Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Lucknow University, Lucknow, India
| | - Dulal Senapati
- Chemical Sciences Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700 064, India
| | - Atin Kumar Mandal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus, Salt Lake, EN 80, Kolkata 700 091, India
| | - Anirban Bhunia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus, Salt Lake, EN 80, Kolkata 700 091, India.
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Newton HB. Indian Ayurvedic medicine: Overview and application to brain cancer. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2024; 15:101013. [PMID: 39181067 PMCID: PMC11385779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2024.101013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Ayurveda is the traditional medicine system of India, and has been in practice for millennia. It is a traditional approach that uses 1000's of different plant preparations in various combinations for treatment of human ailments, including cancer. Ethnopharmacological and phytochemical analyses are now elucidating the bioactive constituents of the different plant species and herbal formulations, including ashwagandha, curcumin, guduchi, triphala, and others. To provide an overview of: 1) the ethnopharmacology of Ayurveda and several of its most important plant species and formulations, including pharmacological and molecular mechanisms of its anti-cancer effects; 2) review the literature applying Ayurvedic herbs and formulations to brain tumors. A detailed PubMed search was performed that included publications involving Ayurveda, cancer, ethnopharmacology, phytochemical analysis, molecular analysis, and brain tumors. In recent decades, significant research has begun to elucidate the bioactive compounds of ashwagandha, tumeric, guduchi, and triphala, such as withaferin A, withanolides, curcumin, palmatine, and many others. These compounds and extracts are now being applied to brain tumor cells in vitro and in animal models, with positive signs of anti-cancer activity including reduced cell growth, increased apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, increased differentiation, and inhibition of important internal signal transduction pathways. Several Ayurvedic herbs (ashwagandha, curcumin) have bioactive compounds with significant anti-cancer activity, and are effective in early pre-clinical testing against brain tumor cells in vitro and in animal models. Further pre-clinical testing is warranted, along with advancement into phase I and phase II clinical trials of patients with glioblastoma and other brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert B Newton
- Neuro-Oncology Center and Brain Tumor Institute, University Hospitals of Cleveland Medical Center, Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Molecular Oncology Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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Blatt J, Brondon JE, Nieman EL, Phillips K, Pandya A. Repurposing of antiangiogenic agents for treatment of vascular anomalies. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 250:108520. [PMID: 37625520 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Vascular anomalies (VA) are developmental anomalies of veins, arteries, lymphatics or capillaries thought to be caused by mutations in genes that drive angiogenesis. Treatments targeting these genes are limited. We review the literature for conventional medications and products from traditional medicine cultures that have been found to have antiangiogenic activity. Fewer than 50 drugs with credible human activity in VA were identified and include β blockers, monoclonal antibodies, microtubule inhibitors, multi-kinase inhibitors, PIK3CA- and RAS-MAPK pathway inhibitors, and thalidomides. Other drug categories of potential interest are ACE-inhibitors, antifungals, antimalarials, MMP9-inhibitors, and over-the-counter compounds used in Eastern traditional medicine. Low toxicity for some offers the possibility of combined use with known effective agents. In addition to already familiar drugs, others with antiangiogenic capabilities already in use in children or adults may deserve further attention for repurposing for VA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Blatt
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, and the Lineberger Clinical Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Jennifer E Brondon
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, and the Lineberger Clinical Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Nieman
- Department of Dermatology, Univerity of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kynlon Phillips
- The Department of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina Hospitals, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Arti Pandya
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Rao S, Kini V, Hegde SK, Meera S, Rao P, George T, Baliga MS. Ayurvedic Drug Triphala in Combination with Providone Iodine Mitigates Radiation-Induced Mucositis in Head and Neck Cancer Patients without Affecting the Tumor Response. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 75:1480-1489. [PMID: 37636651 PMCID: PMC10447701 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-03516-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced mucositis is a dose-limiting concern in the treatment of head and neck cancers (HNC). This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the Ayurvedic drug Triphala in reducing radiation-induced mucositis and influencing tumour control when combined with providone iodine. Data from patient files of HNC patients who received Triphala in conjunction with iodine or iodine alone over the course of curative radiotherapy (> 60 Gy) from May 2013 to February 2015 were extracted for this retrospective chart based study. Data was subjected to statistical analysis, X2 and unpaired t test using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 17 (IBM, Chicago, USA). When compared to iodine alone, the group that utilised Triphala gargling was very efficient in delaying mucositis, the extent of weight loss (p = 0.038), the incidence (p = 0.03), and the number (p = 0.02) of treatment breaks. However, it had no influence on the radiation-induced tumour response. According to the observations, Triphala coupled with iodine was more successful in preventing radiation mucositis, and without affecting the killing of tumour cells than iodine gargle alone. According to the authors, this is the first observation to demonstrate the value of combining providone iodine with Triphala in preventing radiation-induced oral mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Rao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Mangalore, 575002 India
| | - Venkataraman Kini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Mangalore, 575002 India
| | - Sanath Kumar Hegde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Mangalore, 575002 India
| | | | - Pratima Rao
- Department of Dentistry, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Mangalore, 575002 India
| | - Thomas George
- Research Unit, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Mangalore, 575002 India
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Chakroborty D, Goswami S, Fan H, Frankel WL, Basu S, Sarkar C. Neuropeptide Y, a paracrine factor secreted by cancer cells, is an independent regulator of angiogenesis in colon cancer. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:1440-1449. [PMID: 35902640 PMCID: PMC9553928 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01916-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to anti-angiogenic therapies targeting vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) stems from VEGF-A independent angiogenesis mediated by other proangiogenic factors. Therefore identifying these factors in colon adenocarcinoma (CA) will reveal new therapeutic targets. METHODS Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and Y2 receptor (Y2R) expressions in CA were studied by immunohistochemical analysis. Orthotopic HT29 with intact VEGF-A gene and VEGF-A knockdown (by CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technique) HT29 colon cancer-bearing mice were treated with specific Y2R antagonists, and the effects on angiogenesis and tumour growth were studied. The direct effect of NPY on angiogenesis and the underlying molecular mechanism was elucidated by the modulation of Y2R receptors expressed on colonic endothelial cells (CEC). RESULTS The results demonstrated that NPY and Y2R are overexpressed in human CA, orthotopic HT29, and most interestingly in VEGF-A-depleted orthotopic HT29 tumours. Treatment with Y2R antagonists inhibited angiogenesis and thereby HT29 tumour growth. Blocking /silencing Y2R abrogated NPY-induced angiogenic potential of CEC. Mechanistically, NPY regulated the activation of the ERK/MAPK signalling pathway in CEC. CONCLUSIONS NPY derived from cancer cells independently regulates angiogenesis in CA by acting through Y2R present on CEC. Targeting NPY/Y2R thus emerges as a novel potential therapeutic strategy in CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjan Chakroborty
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36617, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - Sandeep Goswami
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36617, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Hao Fan
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Wendy L Frankel
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Sujit Basu
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Chandrani Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. .,Department of Pathology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36617, USA. .,Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA.
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Li X, Wu L, Wu R, Sun M, Fu K, Kuang T, Wang Z. Comparison of medicinal preparations of Ayurveda in India and five traditional medicines in China. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 284:114775. [PMID: 34742863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ayurveda is the main traditional healthcare system in Indian medicine. Tibetan medicine (TM), Mongolian medicine (MM), Buddhist medicine (BM), Dai medicine (DM), and Uyghur medicine (UM) are main traditional medicines practiced in China. These are existing traditional medical systems that still play a role in disease prevention and treatment. AIM OF THE STUDY To reveal the similarities and differences of traditional medicinal preparations between Ayurveda in India and five traditional medicines in China to deepen medical exchanges and cooperation between the two countries and beyond. METHODS All preparations were extracted from statutory pharmacopoeias, ministry standards, and prescription textbooks from China and India. The information of each preparation, such as therapeutic uses, medicinal materials, and preparation forms, was recorded in Excel for statistical analysis and visual comparison. RESULTS A total of 645 Ayurvedic preparations, 458 TM preparations, 164 MM preparations, 616 BM preparations, 227 DM preparations, and 94 UM preparations were identified. Preparations of the six traditional medicines were mostly used for treating digestive, respiratory, and urogenital system diseases. The preparation forms of these six traditional medicines are mainly pills and powders. There are 38 shared-use medicinal materials in Ayurveda and TM preparations, 25 in Ayurveda and MM preparations, 30 in Ayurveda and BM preparations, 39 in Ayurveda and DM preparations, and 31 in Ayurveda and UM preparations. Finally, we selected one important shared-use preparation (Triphala) and 51 medicinal materials to research traditional use and modern pharmacology. CONCLUSIONS These preparations are used by different prescribers and users of medicinal materials in different medical systems with the similarities and differences. The similarities may reflect the historical exchanges of traditional medicines between the two countries. The differences showed that traditional medicines in China have absorbed some theories, diagnoses, and treatments from Ayurveda but also retained their own ethnic and regional characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lei Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ruixia Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ming Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ke Fu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Tingting Kuang
- College of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Research Institute of Traditional Indian Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Zhang Wang
- College of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Research Institute of Traditional Indian Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Assessment of the Cytotoxic Activity of Triphala: A Semisolid Traditional Formulation on HepG 2 Cancer Cell Line. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6689568. [PMID: 34471640 PMCID: PMC8405286 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6689568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer chemotherapies may result in resistance, and therefore, contemporary treatments including natural products may find an increasing consideration. As per Persian medicine (PM), many natural products have been used for malignant and chronic diseases. Triphala, with a combination of Terminalia chebula Retz., Terminalia bellirica Retz., Phyllanthus emblica L., and honey, is a multi-ingredient traditional formulation attributed to anticancer activities in PM. This study is aimed at evaluating the cytotoxic activity of this preparation on HepG2, the human liver cancer cell line. Hydroalcoholic extracts were prepared from the formulation and its components. Compared with the control and Cisplatin, the extracts were tested using MTT assay at different concentrations. All concentrations of the preparation, as well as Cisplatin, were effective significantly against HepG2 cells. All extract preparations at multiple concentrations were significantly effective as evidenced by MTT assay when compared to the control group. The IC50 level for Triphala extract was 77.63 ± 4.3 μg/ml. Based on the results, Triphala and its components have cytotoxic activity on the HepG2 cancer cell line and they can reduce the survival rate significantly.
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Wei X, Luo C, He Y, Huang H, Ran F, Liao W, Tan P, Fan S, Cheng Y, Zhang D, Lin J, Han L. Hepatoprotective Effects of Different Extracts From Triphala Against CCl 4-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:664607. [PMID: 34290606 PMCID: PMC8287969 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.664607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background:Triphala is a traditional polyherbal formula used in Indian Ayurvedic and Chinese Tibetan medicine. A wide range of biological activities have been attributed to Triphala, but the impact of various extraction methods on efficacy has not been determined. Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate Triphala extracts obtained by various methods for their hepatoprotective effects and molecular mechanisms in a mouse model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury. Methods: HPLC fingerprinting was used to characterize the chemical characteristics of Triphala extracts obtained by (a) 0.5 h ultrasonication, (b) 2 h reflux, and (c) 4 h reflux. Hepatoprotective efficacy was evaluated in a mouse model of CCl4-induced liver damage. Serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured, as well as the liver antioxidant and inflammatory markers malondialdehyde superoxide dismutase glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), TNF-α, and IL-6. Gene and protein expression of Nrf-2 signaling components Nrf-2, heme oxygenase (HO-1), and NADPH Quinone oxidoreductase (NQO-1) in liver tissue were evaluated by real-time PCR and western blotting. Results: Chemical analysis showed a clear difference in content between extracts produced by ultrasonic and reflux methods. The pharmacological analysis showed that all three Triphala extracts reduced ALT, AST, MDA, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels and increased SOD and GSH-Px. Triphala extracts also induced transcript and protein expression of Nrf-2, HO-1, and NQO-1. Conclusion: Triphala extract prevents CCl4-induced acute liver injury. The ultrasonic extract of Triphala was most effective, suggesting that hepatoprotection may be related to the larger tannins via activation of Nrf-2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichuan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuanhong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanan He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Haozhou Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Tan
- Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Sanhu Fan
- Sanajon Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Junzhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Kumar VK, Dharmendra Singh BV, Manjusha R. Add-on effect of Ayurvedic treatment protocol for diabetic retinopathy: A randomized controlled clinical study. Ayu 2021; 42:118-129. [PMID: 37303857 PMCID: PMC10251286 DOI: 10.4103/ayu.ayu_208_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR), the leading cause of visual disability in diabetics, is a significant complication of diabetes mellitus. Currently available conventional treatments for DR have certain limitations, considering which Ayurvedic treatment protocol was designed. Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the Ayurvedic treatment protocol for DR. Materials and methods This was a randomized, controlled, black box design clinical study conducted from April 2016 to September 2017 by the department of Shalakya Tantra of a tertiary academic hospital in Western India. A hundred patients of DR in the age group 30-70 years were randomly divided into two groups by simple random sampling using computer-generated random number tables. In the trial group (n = 70), the preparatory phase included Dipana-Pachana (stomachic and digestant), Koshtha Shodhana (mild therapeutic purgation), and Shiro Virechana (eliminative nasal medication). The treatment phase included Marsha Nasya (nasal medication) and Pratimarsha Nasya (nasal medication of mild dose) with Durvadi Ghrita, Takra Dhara (pouring medicated buttermilk over the scalp) with Siddha Takra, and intake of Rasayana Yoga (treatment duration - 3 months). In the control group (n = 30), patients were kept under conservative treatment and observed during the trial period of 3 months. Patients of both groups continued with their treatment for diabetes and DR if any. Two follow-ups were done at an interval of 15 days. The primary outcomes were objective signs like best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA); ophthalmoscopic signs such as superficial hemorrhages, dot-blot hemorrhages, hard exudates, cotton wool spots, neovascularization disc, neovascularization elsewhere, and fibrovascular proliferation; subjective symptoms such as diminished vision, blurred vision, frequent changes in presbyopia glasses, perception of flashes of light, floaters, and problem for dark adaptation. The secondary outcomes were fasting blood sugar (FBS), postprandial blood sugar (PPBS), urine sugar, serum cholesterol, hemoglobin (Hb), glycosylated HbA1C, liver function test, and renal function test outcomes were assessed before and after the treatment. Results Ninety participants were included in the analysis of the primary outcome (62 in the trial and 28 in the control group). The trial group provided better results which were statistically significant on dot-blot hemorrhages, superficial hemorrhages, hard exudates, BCVA, FBS, and serum cholesterol. Both the groups provided almost similar effects in PPBS, Hb, HbA1C, and urine sugar which were statistically insignificant. Adverse effects were not reported in any of the patient among either groups. Conclusion Ayurvedic treatment protocol is safe and effective in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Krishna Kumar
- Department of Ayurveda, Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Eye Diseases, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Shalakya Tantra, Institute for Post Graduate Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - B. Vaghela Dharmendra Singh
- Department of Shalakya Tantra, Institute for Post Graduate Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajagopala Manjusha
- Department of Shalakya Tantra, Institute for Post Graduate Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
- Department of Shalakya Tantra, All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi, India
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Ahmed S, Ding X, Sharma A. Exploring scientific validation of Triphala Rasayana in ayurveda as a source of rejuvenation for contemporary healthcare: An update. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 273:113829. [PMID: 33465446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ayurveda remains the classical and comprehensive part of the ancient Indian medicine system for well-being promotive, disease preventive, and revival approach for the human body. Triphala Rasayana is mentioned in Ayurveda, comprising fruits of three plant species viz. Phyllanthus emblica L. (P. emblica), Terminalia chebula Retz (T. chebula), and Terminalia bellirica Roxb (T.bellirica). Triphala Rasayana has been utilized in various traditional medicine systems, viz., Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani. Traditionally Rasayana based drugs are utilized in different kinds of diseases without pathophysiological associations as indicated by current medication. Various medicinal attributes of Triphala Rasayana include antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and anticataract and is also considered as a pillar for gastrointestinal treatment, specifically in functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). Due to Rasayana's accessible mode of administration, availability, and affordability, there is an increase in its global acceptance. AIM OF REVIEW This review article summarizes the scientific validation, traditional uses, bioactive compounds, and ethnopharmacological properties of Triphala Rasayana. It also documents recent data on in vivo and in vitro pharmacological studies and clinical effects of Triphala Rasayana. MATERIAL AND METHOD A literature review is carried out using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, web of science, Ayush Research Portal, and Clinical Trials Registry-India. In addition to an electronic search, traditional ayurvedic texts and books were used as sources of information. RESULTS Traditionally, "Triphala Rasayana" is classified as a tridoshic rasayana and one of the most well-studied ayurvedic Rasayana. It showed various pharmacological activities such as anticancer, antioxidant, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, cardioprotective, and antidiabetic. Besides this, Rasayana has reported ethnopharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, anticataract, wound healing, and radioprotection. It has shown a good impact on the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) system with the reported pharmacological activities in gastrointestinal disorders such as constipation, gastric ulcer, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Phytochemical studies of Triphala Rasayana revealed chemical constituents like gallic acid, ellagic acid, chebulic acid, chebulinic acid, methyl gallate, emblicanin A, and emblicanin B. Additionally, clinical studies found Triphala Rasayana to be effective against diabetes, constipation, and obesity. CONCLUSION The present review revealed that Triphala Rasayana may treat a diverse range of diseases, especially GIT disorders. Considering the beneficial properties of Triphala Rasayana and it's proven non-toxic nature could be a source of rejuvenation in contemporary healthcare. Nevertheless, its clinical data effectively provided precious signals to correlate ayurvedic biology and modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhail Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
| | - Xianting Ding
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Alok Sharma
- Department of Pharmacognosy, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
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Patil S, Sarode SC, Ashi H, Ali Baeshen H, Thirumal Raj A, Awan KH, Gondivkar S, Ramchandra Gadbail A, Sarode GS. Triphala extract negates arecoline-induced senescence in oral mucosal epithelial cells in vitro. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:2223-2228. [PMID: 33911939 PMCID: PMC8071809 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Arecoline found in areca nut causes oral submucous fibrosis. Triphala is an Ayurvedic medicinal preparation used to improve overall physical wellness that has also been shown to improve oral health. Objectives To assess the activity of Triphala extract on arecoline-induced senescence in oral mucosal epithelial cells in vitro. Materials and methods Oral mucosal epithelial cells were isolated and cultured in vitro. A 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was performed to assess the viability of treated cells, while senescence was assessed by senescence-associated-β-galactosidase staining. Cell surface marker expression was analyzed by flow cytometry. Finally, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to examine gene expression levels. Results Triphala extract (5 µg/mL) reversed the cell senescence activity of arecoline, as evidenced by reduced β-galactosidase activity, increased Ki-67 marker expression, and reduced expression of senescence-related genes p16 and p21. Conclusion Triphala extract helped to reduce the pathological effects of arecoline-induced pathogenesis. Clinical relevance. Arecoline found in the areca nut causes oral pathological conditions including oral submucous fibrosis. Our results showed that Triphala counteracted the adverse effects of arecoline, in particular, negating senescence in oral mucosal epithelial cells. As a translational effect, Triphala treatment could restore normal epithelial thickness in oral submucous fibrosis, thus reducing the clinical severity of the disease. This reestablishment of oral homeostasis would help to improve oral health-related quality of life in patients with oral submucous fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sachin C Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College & Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Heba Ashi
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hosam Ali Baeshen
- Consultant in Orthodontics, Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Thirumal Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Kamran H Awan
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, United States
| | - Shailesh Gondivkar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Government Dental College & Hospital, Nagpur, India
| | - Amol Ramchandra Gadbail
- Department of Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Government Medical College and Hospital, Nagpur, India
| | - Gargi S Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
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12
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Lu K, Iwenofu OH, Mitra R, Mo X, Dasgupta PS, Basu S. Chebulinic acid is a safe and effective antiangiogenic agent in collagen-induced arthritis in mice. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:273. [PMID: 33225986 PMCID: PMC7682078 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02370-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis has been reported to play an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), serious side effects, mainly grade 2-3 hypertension, which is commonly observed with currently available anti-VEGF agents, can be detrimental for RA patients due to hypertension and associated cardiovascular complications seen in these patients. Thus, identification of anti-VEGF molecules that do not increase blood pressure could be useful for the treatment of RA. Chebulinic acid (CI), a water-soluble small-molecule tannin, can inhibit the actions of VEGF, and a report suggested that CI might not increase blood pressure due to its compensatory effects on the cardiovascular system. Therefore, the effects of CI on blood pressure in mice and the progression of the disease in a murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model were investigated. METHODS CIA was induced in DBA/1J mice with type II collagen. The effects of CI in these animals were then evaluated by determination of clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical parameters. The effects of CI on VEGF-induced proangiogenic genes and signaling pathways were examined in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Significant CD31 and VEGF expressions were detected in the synovial tissues of mice with CIA, similar to their expressions observed in human RA patients. However, treatment with CI significantly inhibited paw swelling, decreased the mean articular index and joint pathology scores in these animals through inhibition of VEGF-induced proangiogenic gene expressions and signaling pathways that regulate angiogenesis. Unlike currently used antiangiogenic agents, CI at a dose that inhibits VEGF actions did not increase blood pressure in mice. CONCLUSION CI can act as a safe and potent anti-VEGF antiangiogenic agent for the treatment of types of inflammatory arthritis, such as RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lu
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Hamilton Hall (H166), 1645 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - O. Hans Iwenofu
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Hamilton Hall (H166), 1645 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Rita Mitra
- KPC Medical College, Kolkata, 700032 India
| | - Xiaokui Mo
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | | | - Sujit Basu
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Hamilton Hall (H166), 1645 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
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13
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Sharma A, Mishra T, Thacker G, Mishra M, Narender T, Trivedi AK. Chebulinic acid inhibits MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer metastasis and promotes cell death through down regulation of SOD1 and induction of autophagy. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:2553-2569. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Sharma
- Division of Cancer Biology CSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Tripti Mishra
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division CSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR‐CDRI) Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Gatha Thacker
- Division of Cancer Biology CSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Mukul Mishra
- Division of Cancer Biology CSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Tadigoppula Narender
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division CSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR‐CDRI) Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Arun Kumar Trivedi
- Division of Cancer Biology CSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh India
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Nashine S, Kanodia R, Nesburn AB, Soman G, Kuppermann BD, Kenney MC. Nutraceutical effects of Emblica officinalis in age-related macular degeneration. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:1177-1188. [PMID: 30792375 PMCID: PMC6402529 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Emblica officinalis Gaetrn (i.e., Phyllanthus emblica/ Indian gooseberry/ Amla) (EO) has been used extensively as a nutraceutical in several diseases since it is known to boost immunity and offers numerous health benefits such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging effects. The goal of our study was to test the hypothesis that EO will rescue human AMD RPE transmitochondrial cells from mitochondria-induced cellular damage. AMD RPE transmitochondrial cell lines were created by fusion of mitochondria DNA-deficient APRE-19 (Rho0) cells with platelets isolated from AMD patients, and therefore had identical nuclei but differed in mitochondrial DNA content. These AMD RPE cells were treated with EO extract followed by characterization of effects of EO using cellular and molecular assays. Herein, EO significantly improved live cell number and mitochondrial membrane potential, reduced apoptosis and oxidative stress, down-regulated VEGF, and up-regulated PGC-1α. In conclusion, EO improved cellular and mitochondrial health, thereby playing a key cytoprotective role in AMD in vitro. Further studies are required to examine the mechanisms that mediate the cytoprotective effects of EO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Nashine
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Raj Kanodia
- Rhinoplasty Surgeon, Dr. Raj Kanodia Medical Group, Beverly Hills, CA 90210, USA
| | - Anthony B Nesburn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Girish Soman
- Nisarga Biotech Pvt Ltd, Janai Malai, Satara, Maharashtra, 415004, India
| | - Baruch D Kuppermann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - M Cristina Kenney
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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15
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Advances in molecular mechanisms of drugs affecting abnormal glycosylation and metastasis of breast cancer. Pharmacol Res 2020; 155:104738. [PMID: 32151681 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide, and its incidence is also increasing. High recurrence rate and metastasis rate are the key causes of poor prognosis and death. It is suggested that abnormal glycosylation plays an important role in the growth, invasion, metastasis and resistance to therapy of breast cancer cells. Meanwhile, it can be used as the biomarkers for the early detection and prognosis of breast cancer and the potential attractive targets for drug treatment. However, only a few attentions have been paid to the molecular mechanism of abnormal glycosylation in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of breast cancer cells and the related intervention of drugs. This manuscript thus investigated the relationship between abnormal glycosylation, the EMT, and breast cancer metastasis. Then, the process of abnormal glycosylation, the classification and their molecular regulatory mechanisms of breast cancer were analyzed in detail. Last, potential drugs are introduced in different categories, which are expected to reverse or intervene the abnormal glycosylation of breast cancer. This review is conducive to an in-depth understanding of the metastasis and drug resistance of breast cancer cells, which will provide new ideas for the clinical regulation of glycosylation and related drug treatments in breast cancer.
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16
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Multiple Targets Directed Multiple Ligands: An In Silico and In Vitro Approach to Evaluating the Effect of Triphala on Angiogenesis. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020177. [PMID: 31979409 PMCID: PMC7072423 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is critical in both physiological and pathological conditions and targeting angiogenesis is a promising strategy for the development of therapies against cancer; however, cells develop resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy, necessitating a more effective strategy. Natural medicines have been used in anti-cancer therapy for many years, but the mechanisms behind these have not generally been explored. Triphala churna (THL), an Indian ayurvedic herbal formulation made from the dried fruits of three medicinal plants, is used as a herbal drug for the treatment of various diseases, including cancer. THL contains over fifteen phytochemicals with different pharmacological effects, especially inhibition of tumor progression. In this study, we examined the effect of these compounds against different targets using docking and in vitro studies. Results showed that THL has a prediction efficacy of (−)436.7, and it inhibited angiogenesis by blocking multiple components of the VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling pathway. The anti-angiogenic effect was mediated by the combined effect of the two top ranked phytochemicals, punicalagin (−424.8) and chebulagic acid (−414.8). The new approach developed in this study to determine the potential efficacy of herbal formulation could be a useful strategy to assess the efficacy of different herbal formulations.
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Prasad S, Srivastava SK. Oxidative Stress and Cancer: Chemopreventive and Therapeutic Role of Triphala. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9010072. [PMID: 31941067 PMCID: PMC7022920 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, caused by the overproduction of free radicals, leads to the development of many chronic diseases including cancer. Free radicals are known to damage cellular biomolecules like lipids, proteins, and DNA that results in activation of multiple signaling pathways, growth factors, transcription factors, kinases, inflammatory and cell cycle regulatory molecules. Antioxidants, which are classified as exogenous and endogenous, are responsible for the removal of free radicals and consequently the reduction in oxidative stress-mediated diseases. Diet and medicinal herbs are the major source of antioxidants. Triphala, which is a traditional Ayurvedic formulation that has been used for centuries, has been shown to have immense potential to boost antioxidant activity. It scavenges free radicals, restores antioxidant enzymes and non-enzyme levels, and decreases lipid peroxidation. In addition, Triphala is revered as a chemopreventive, chemotherapeutic, immunomodulatory, and radioprotective agent. Accumulated evidence has revealed that Triphala modulates multiple cell signaling pathways including, ERK, MAPK, NF-κB, Akt, c-Myc, VEGFR, mTOR, tubulin, p53, cyclin D1, anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic proteins. The present review focuses on the comprehensive appraisal of Triphala in oxidative stress and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahdeo Prasad
- Correspondence: or (S.P.); (S.K.S.); Tel.: +1-325-696-0464 (S.K.S.); Fax: +1-325-696-3875 (S.K.S.)
| | - Sanjay K. Srivastava
- Correspondence: or (S.P.); (S.K.S.); Tel.: +1-325-696-0464 (S.K.S.); Fax: +1-325-696-3875 (S.K.S.)
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Phetkate P, Kummalue T, Rinthong PO, Kietinun S, Sriyakul K. Study of the safety of oral Triphala aqueous extract on healthy volunteers. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2020; 18:35-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Susan AC, Bharathraj AR, Praveen M, Kumar NSM, Karunakaran JV. Intraradicular Smear Removal Efficacy of Triphala as a Final Rinse Solution in Curved Canals: A Scanning Electron Microscope Study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2019; 11:S420-S428. [PMID: 31198380 PMCID: PMC6555385 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_55_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to compare smear layer removal ability of different solutions of Triphala (TA) when used in specific irrigant protocols in curved canals. Materials and Methods: Seventy-four mandibular first molars with 25–35 degrees of curvature of mesial roots were selected and standardized, and canals were prepared. As the initial rinse solution (8 mL), 5% sodium hypochlorite was used. Samples were divided into control (Group I—normal saline, Group II—17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) and experimental (Group III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, and IX) groups based on the type of final rinse solution (5 mL) used, that is, TA-premixed (P), TA-(P)-sonic, TA-(P)-ultrasonic, 3% TA solution, 5% TA solution, 10% TA solution, and 10% citric acid. Samples were dehydrated, split buccolingually, splutter coated, and examined in field emission scanning electron microscope. Results: Among the experimental groups, Group V presented the least amounts of smear and debris in all thirds of the root canal with mean values of 1.6 ± 0.63 and 1.6 ± 0.62, respectively, and on comparison with Group II the results were comparable, and no significant difference was found statistically (P > 0.05). Group V presented with the highest amount of erosion with loss of peritubular and intertubular dentin at all levels with mean values of 1.60 ± 0.51. Conclusion: The use of TA as a final rinse solution during biomechanical preparation seems promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Chris Susan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, JKK Nataraja Dental College and Hospital, Komarapalayam, India
| | | | - Muthuvel Praveen
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, RVS Dental College and Hospital, Sulur, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Bopardikar M, Bhattacharya A, Rao Kakita VM, Rachineni K, Borde LC, Choudhary S, Koti Ainavarapu SR, Hosur RV. Triphala inhibits alpha-synuclein fibrillization and their interaction study by NMR provides insights into the self-association of the protein. RSC Adv 2019; 9:28470-28477. [PMID: 35529629 PMCID: PMC9071048 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05551g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of assembly and accumulation of the intrinsically disordered protein (IDP), alpha-synuclein (αSyn) into amyloid fibrils is a pathogenic process leading to several neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy and others. Although several molecules are known to inhibit αSyn fibrillization, the mechanism of inhibition is just beginning to emerge. Here, we report the inhibition of fibrillization of αSyn by Triphala, a herbal preparation in the traditional Indian medical system of Ayurveda. Triphala was found to be a rich source of polyphenols which are known to act as amyloid inhibitors. ThT fluorescence and TEM studies showed that Triphala inhibited the fibrillization of αSyn. However, it was observed that Triphala does not disaggregate preformed αSyn fibrils. Further, native-PAGE showed that Triphala reduces the propensity of αSyn to oligomerize during the lag phase of fibrillization. Our NMR results showed that certain stretches of residues in the N-terminal and NAC regions of αSyn play an anchor role in the self-association process of the protein, thereby providing mechanistic insights into the early events during αSyn fibrillization. Triphala inhibits αSyn self-association by interacting with anchoring regions which are responsible for αSyn oligomerization.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandar Bopardikar
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
- Mumbai 400005
- India
| | - Anusri Bhattacharya
- UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences
- University of Mumbai
- Kalina Campus
- Mumbai 400098
- India
| | - Veera Mohana Rao Kakita
- UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences
- University of Mumbai
- Kalina Campus
- Mumbai 400098
- India
| | - Kavitha Rachineni
- UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences
- University of Mumbai
- Kalina Campus
- Mumbai 400098
- India
| | - Lalit C. Borde
- Department of Biological Sciences
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
- Mumbai 400005
- India
| | - Sinjan Choudhary
- UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences
- University of Mumbai
- Kalina Campus
- Mumbai 400098
- India
| | | | - Ramakrishna V. Hosur
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
- Mumbai 400005
- India
- UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences
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Wang M, Li Y, Hu X. Chebulinic acid derived from triphala is a promising antitumour agent in human colorectal carcinoma cell lines. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:342. [PMID: 30587184 PMCID: PMC6307174 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2412-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triphala is an Ayurvedic rasayana formulation reputed for its antitumour activities, and chebulinic acid and chebulagic acid, along with other phenolic acids, have been proposed to be responsible for its effects. METHODS In this study, the anti-proliferative activities of these agents were evaluated in colorectal carcinoma cell lines with three phenotypes exposed to several batches of triphala samples with different quantities of chebulinic acid and chebulagic acid. The pro-apoptotic and anti-migratory activities and the probable antitumour mechanisms of the more potent anti-proliferative phytochemical were also investigated. RESULTS The results demonstrated that chebulinic acid, which exerts potent anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic and anti-migratory effects, is a key molecule for maintaining the antitumour efficacy of triphala. The antitumour mechanism of chebulinic acid is probably related to the PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK pathways. CONCLUSIONS Chebulinic acid is not only a critical component of the anticancer activities of triphala but also a promising natural multi-target antitumour agent with therapeutic potential.
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Triphala: current applications and new perspectives on the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Chin Med 2018; 13:39. [PMID: 30034512 PMCID: PMC6052535 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-018-0197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ayurvedic medicine is based on natural healing methods that use herbal medicine to cleanse the body of toxins and to attain physical and mental regeneration. Triphala (TLP) is one of the most important ayurvedic supplements and is believed to have a beneficial effect on the entire gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Purpose We aim to summarize available literature focused on the components of TLP (Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellerica and Phyllanthus emblica) and discusse their effectiveness and therapeutic value for improving lower GI symptoms in functional GI disorders, particularly irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Methods This study is based on pertinent papers that were retrieved by a selective search using relevant keywords in PubMed and ScienceDirect databases. Results The components of TLP are believed to cause restoration of the epithelium lining of the digestive tract, and by exhibiting mild laxative properties facilitate passage of stool in the colon. TLP is rich in polyphenols, vitamin C and flavonoids, which provide antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. It also contains various types of acids, such as gallic, chebulagic and chebulinic, which additionally possess cytoprotective and antifungal properties. Conclusion Triphala holds potential in improving lower GI symptoms and may be a valuable and effective addition to standard treatment of IBS. Supplementation of TLP herbal formulations alone or along with other probiotics can be recommended in ongoing clinical studies.
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Zhao Y, Wang M, Tsering J, Li H, Li S, Li Y, Liu Y, Hu X. An Integrated Study on the Antitumor Effect and Mechanism of Triphala Against Gynecological Cancers Based on Network Pharmacological Prediction and In Vitro Experimental Validation. Integr Cancer Ther 2018; 17:894-901. [PMID: 29742928 PMCID: PMC6142109 DOI: 10.1177/1534735418774410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives. Triphala is a herbal medicine that has been widely
used for treating a variety of ailments. This study aims to systematically
analyze the antitumor effects of Triphala on gynecological cancers.
Methods. The antineoplastic activities of Triphala on
gynecological cancers were analyzed using network pharmacology-based strategies.
Afterward, the human ovarian cancer cell line SK-OV-3, cervical cancer cell line
HeLa, and endometrial cancer cell line HEC-1-B were selected for experimetal
valification. Results. Network pharmacology analysis suggested
that Triphala could comprehensively intervene in proliferation and apoptosis
through diverse signaling pathways, mainly including MAPK/ERK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR,
and NF-κB/p53. The Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8) assay illustrated that Triphala
was able to inhibit cell proliferation with half inhibition concentration
(IC50) values of 98.28 ± 13.71, 95.56 ± 8.94, and 101.23 ± 7.76
µg/mL against SK-OV-3, HeLa, and HEC-1-B cells, respectively. The ELISA
experiment demonstrated that Triphala was capable of promoting programmed cell
death, with dosage correlations. The antiproliferative and proapoptotic
activities were confirmed by flow cytometric analysis using Ki67 antibody and
Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) dual staining. Western blotting revealed a
decrease in expression levels of phospho-Akt, phospho-p44/42, and phospho-NF-κB
p56 in cells administered Triphala, which indicated that the possible mechanism
could involve downregulation of MAPK/ERK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and NF-κB/p53 signaling
pathways, as was predicted. Conclusion. Triphala holds great
promise for treating gynecological cancers. Although the favorable
pharmacological properties have been preliminarily investigated in this study,
further studies are still needed to uncover the sophisticated mechanism of
Triphala in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Zhao
- 1 Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Min Wang
- 2 Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jokyab Tsering
- 3 Beijing Tibetan Hospital, China Tibetology Research Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Hanluo Li
- 4 University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Simin Li
- 4 University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yuepeng Li
- 1 Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Yinghua Liu
- 3 Beijing Tibetan Hospital, China Tibetology Research Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Xianda Hu
- 3 Beijing Tibetan Hospital, China Tibetology Research Centre, Beijing, China
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Lumlerdkij N, Tantiwongse J, Booranasubkajorn S, Boonrak R, Akarasereenont P, Laohapand T, Heinrich M. Understanding cancer and its treatment in Thai traditional medicine: An ethnopharmacological-anthropological investigation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 216:259-273. [PMID: 29409982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Thai traditional medicine (TTM) is widely practiced in Thailand and continues to gain importance in cancer management, but little is known about the TTM practitioners' emic concepts and practice. AIM OF THE STUDY With this study we firstly aim to document the practice of cancer treatment and prevention by TTM practitioners and, secondly, to evaluate how such traditional concepts and practices are correlated with biomedical ones. This in turn can form the basis for developing novel strategies for designing pharmacological experiments and longer term strategies to develop TTM practice. METHODS Semi-structured interviews with 33 TTM practitioners were performed in five provinces in different regions of Thailand. The following information were recorded; basic information of informants, descriptions of cancer (mareng in Thai), causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Plants used in the treatment and prevention of mareng were also collected. RESULTS Using an in depth ethnographic approach four representative case studies to assist in a better understanding of the characteristics of mareng, its diagnosis, treatment, and prevention are reported here. Five characteristics of mareng - waste accumulation (khong sia), chronic illnesses (krasai), inflammation (kan aksep), bad blood (luead) and lymph (namlueang), and the imbalance of four basic elements (dhātu si) - have been identified. Explanatory models of cancer in TTM were linked with biomedical concepts and relevant pharmacological actions. Traditional uses and available scientific evidence of medicinal plants mentioned in the case studies for the treatment or prevention of mareng are presented and discussed. CONCLUSION Here for the first time five main characteristics of cancer based on Thai traditional medical concepts are analysed. Our findings are relevant not only for the planning of clinical studies or pharmacological experiment in the search for novel compounds for cancer treatment and prevention, but also for the integration of Thai traditional medicine in cancer care.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Anthropology, Medical
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use
- Asian People/psychology
- Cultural Characteristics
- Ethnopharmacology
- Female
- Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice/ethnology
- Humans
- Interviews as Topic
- Male
- Medicine, Traditional
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Phytotherapy
- Plant Extracts/adverse effects
- Plant Extracts/isolation & purification
- Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
- Plants, Medicinal/adverse effects
- Plants, Medicinal/chemistry
- Plants, Medicinal/classification
- Thailand
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Affiliation(s)
- Natchagorn Lumlerdkij
- Center of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; Research Group Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
| | - Jaturapat Tantiwongse
- Center of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
| | - Suksalin Booranasubkajorn
- Center of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
| | - Ranida Boonrak
- Center of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
| | - Pravit Akarasereenont
- Center of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
| | - Tawee Laohapand
- Center of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
| | - Michael Heinrich
- Research Group Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
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Song IS, Jeong YJ, Park JH, Shim S, Jang SW. Chebulinic acid inhibits smooth muscle cell migration by suppressing PDGF-Rβ phosphorylation and inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11797. [PMID: 28924208 PMCID: PMC5603554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12221-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) after vascular injury contributes to the development of occlusive vascular disease. Inhibition of VSMC migration is a validated therapeutic modality for occlusive vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and restenosis. We investigated the inhibitory effect of chebulinic acid (CBA) on cell migration and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 activation in platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced mouse and human VSMCs. CBA significantly inhibited PDGF-BB-induced migration in mouse and human VSMCs, without inducing cell death. Additionally, CBA significantly blocked PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of the PDGF receptor (PDGF-R), Akt, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 by inhibiting the activation of the PDGF-BB signalling pathway. In both mouse and human VSMCs, CBA inhibited PDGF-induced MMP-2 mRNA and protein expression as well as the proteolytic activity of MMP-2. Moreover, CBA suppressed sprout outgrowth formation of VSMCs from endothelium-removed aortic rings as well as neointima formation following rat carotid balloon injury. Taken together, our findings indicated that CBA inhibits VSMC migration by decreasing MMP-2 expression through PDGF-R and the ERK1/2 and Akt pathways. Our data may improve the understanding of the antiatherogenic effects of CBA in VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Sung Song
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736, Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736, Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736, Korea
| | - Sungbo Shim
- Department of Biochemistry, Neuromarker Resource Bank, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Wuk Jang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736, Korea. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736, Korea.
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Abstract
Aim: The aim of this article is to review the current literature on the therapeutic uses and efficacy of Triphala. Herbal remedies are among the most ancient medicines used in traditional systems of healthcare such as Ayurveda. Triphala, a well-recognized and highly efficacious polyherbal Ayurvedic medicine consisting of fruits of the plant species Emblica officinalis (Amalaki), Terminalia bellerica (Bibhitaki), and Terminalia chebula (Haritaki), is a cornerstone of gastrointestinal and rejuvenative treatment. Methods: A search of the PubMed database was conducted. Results: In addition, numerous additional therapeutic uses described both in the Ayurvedic medical literature and anecdotally are being validated scientifically. In addition to laxative action, Triphala research has found the formula to be potentially effective for several clinical uses such as appetite stimulation, reduction of hyperacidity, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating, antibacterial, antimutagenic, adaptogenic, hypoglycemic, antineoplastic, chemoprotective, and radioprotective effects, and prevention of dental caries. Polyphenols in Triphala modulate the human gut microbiome and thereby promote the growth of beneficial Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus while inhibiting the growth of undesirable gut microbes. The bioactivity of Triphala is elicited by gut microbiota to generate a variety of anti-inflammatory compounds. Conclusions: This review summarizes recent data on pharmacological properties and clinical effects of Triphala while highlighting areas in need of additional investigation and clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Tara Peterson
- 1 Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego School of Medicine, Center of Excellence for Research and Training in Integrative Health , La Jolla, CA.,2 Chopra Foundation , Department of Ayurveda and Yoga Research, Carlsbad, CA
| | - Kate Denniston
- 3 Department of Naturopathic Medicine, Bastyr University , San Diego, CA
| | - Deepak Chopra
- 1 Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego School of Medicine, Center of Excellence for Research and Training in Integrative Health , La Jolla, CA.,2 Chopra Foundation , Department of Ayurveda and Yoga Research, Carlsbad, CA
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Sahoo PK, Fiaz S. Conceptual analysis of diabetic retinopathy in Ayurveda. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2017; 8:122-131. [PMID: 28526441 PMCID: PMC5496992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inclusion of Prameha among the eight major disorders in Charaka Samhita shows the importance of the disease given by ancient seers. The risk of development of blindness in diabetics increases by 20-25 times as compared to the normal population. High prevalence rate of Diabetic Retinopathy (34.6%), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (7%), diabetic macular edema (6.8%), and Vision threatening Diabetic retinopathy (10.2%) in diabetics was great concerns which led to search and analyze the disease process on the basis of modern pathogenesis and different Timirvyadhi mentioned in Ayurvedic authoritative texts. Thus the present study endeavors to discuss the similarities and differences among the various components of Prameha/Madhumehajanya Timir with Diabetic retinopathy and its stages. To establish a probable etiopathogenesis of the disease from Ayurveda prospective, all the important literature of both modern medicine and Ayurveda along with online sources were searched and analyzed. All the three dosha along with Raktadosha and Saptadhatu with four internal Dristipatals of eye are affected in Madhumehajanya timir in different stages of the disease. Avarana and Dhatu kshaya too have important role in development of diabetic retinopathy due to prolonged and uncontrolled hyperglycemia. Agnimandya related Ama formation has a role in pathology of diabetic retinopathy which is quite similar to oxidative theory of diabetic retinopathy explained in modern pathology. Urdhwaga raktapitta, Ojas kshaya, Raktavritta vata, and Pranavritta vyana are other causes in development of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shamsa Fiaz
- P.G. Dept. of Shalakya Tantra, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, India
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Roy S, Lu K, Nayak MK, Bhuniya A, Ghosh T, Kundu S, Ghosh S, Baral R, Dasgupta PS, Basu S. Activation of D2 Dopamine Receptors in CD133+ve Cancer Stem Cells in Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma Inhibits Proliferation, Clonogenic Ability, and Invasiveness of These Cells. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:435-445. [PMID: 27920206 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.748970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung carcinoma is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and among this cancer, non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) comprises the majority of cases. Furthermore, recurrence and metastasis of NSCLC correlate well with CD133+ve tumor cells, a small population of tumor cells that have been designated as cancer stem cells (CSC). We have demonstrated for the first time high expression of D2 dopamine (DA) receptors in CD133+ve adenocarcinoma NSCLC cells. Also, activation of D2 DA receptors in these cells significantly inhibited their proliferation, clonogenic ability, and invasiveness by suppressing extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) and AKT, as well as down-regulation of octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct-4) expression and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) secretion by these cells. These results are of significance as D2 DA agonists that are already in clinical use for treatment of other diseases may be useful in combination with conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy for better management of NSCLC patients by targeting both tumor cells and stem cell compartments in the tumor mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyabrata Roy
- From the Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Kai Lu
- the Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Mukti Kant Nayak
- the Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Avishek Bhuniya
- From the Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Tithi Ghosh
- From the Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Suman Kundu
- the Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India, and
| | - Sarbari Ghosh
- From the Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Rathindranath Baral
- From the Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Partha Sarathi Dasgupta
- From the Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700026, India,
| | - Sujit Basu
- the Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, .,the Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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Sarkar C, Ganju RK, Pompili VJ, Chakroborty D. Enhanced peripheral dopamine impairs post-ischemic healing by suppressing angiotensin receptor type 1 expression in endothelial cells and inhibiting angiogenesis. Angiogenesis 2016; 20:97-107. [DOI: 10.1007/s10456-016-9531-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Chakroborty D, Sarkar C, Lu K, Bhat M, Dasgupta PS, Basu S. Activation of Dopamine D1 Receptors in Dermal Fibroblasts Restores Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A Production by These Cells and Subsequent Angiogenesis in Diabetic Cutaneous Wound Tissues. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:2262-70. [PMID: 27422612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In wound beds, fibroblasts are rich sources of vascular endothelial growth factor A, a cytokine necessary for promoting angiogenesis and thereby the healing of wound tissues. However, in diabetes mellitus, these cells are functionally impaired and produce reduced amounts of vascular endothelial growth factor A, resulting in deficient angiogenesis and delayed wound healing. We here for the first time demonstrate that stimulation of D1 dopamine receptors present in dermal fibroblasts restores vascular endothelial growth factor A production by these cells, resulting in adequate angiogenesis and subsequent healing of cutaneous wounds in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic mice. This action of D1 dopamine receptors was mediated through the protein kinase A pathway. As delayed wound healing or chronic wounds are one of the major health problems in diabetic patients, D1 dopamine receptor agonists, which are already in clinical use for the treatment of other disorders, may be of translational value in the treatment of chronic, nonhealing diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kai Lu
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Madhavi Bhat
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Sujit Basu
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
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Plants and their active compounds: natural molecules to target angiogenesis. Angiogenesis 2016; 19:287-95. [PMID: 27154020 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-016-9512-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, or new blood vessel formation, is an important process in the pathogenesis of several diseases and thus has been targeted for the prevention and treatment for many disorders. However, the anti-angiogenic agents that are currently in use are mainly synthetic compounds and humanized monoclonal antibodies, which are either expensive or toxic, thereby limiting their use in many patients. Therefore, it is necessary to identify less toxic, inexpensive, novel and effective anti-angiogenic molecules. Several studies have indicated that natural plant products can meet these criteria. In this review, we discuss the anti-angiogenic properties of natural compounds isolated from plants and the molecular mechanisms by which these molecules act. Finally, we summarize the advantages of using plant products as anti-angiogenic agents. Compared with currently available anti-angiogenic drugs, plant products may not only have similar therapeutic potential but are also inexpensive, less toxic, and easy to administer. However, novel and effective strategies are necessary to improve their bioavailability for clinical use.
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A Review on Potential Mechanisms of Terminalia chebula in Alzheimer's Disease. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2016; 2016:8964849. [PMID: 26941792 PMCID: PMC4749770 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8964849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current management of Alzheimer's disease (AD) focuses on acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) and NMDA receptor antagonists, although outcomes are not completely favorable. Hence, novel agents found in herbal plants are gaining attention as possible therapeutic alternatives. The Terminalia chebula (Family: Combretaceae) is a medicinal plant with a wide spectrum of medicinal properties and is reported to contain various biochemicals such as hydrolysable tannins, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids, so it may prove to be a good therapeutic alternative. In this research, we reviewed published scientific literature found in various databases: PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Scirus, and Google Scholar, with the keywords: T. chebula, AD, neuroprotection, medicinal plant, antioxidant, ellagitannin, gallotannin, gallic acid, chebulagic acid, and chebulinic acid. This review shows that T. chebula extracts and its constituents have AChEI and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, all of which are currently relevant to the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Protective Effects of Triphala on Dermal Fibroblasts and Human Keratinocytes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0145921. [PMID: 26731545 PMCID: PMC4711708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human skin is body’s vital organ constantly exposed to abiotic oxidative stress. This can have deleterious effects on skin such as darkening, skin damage, and aging. Plant-derived products having skin-protective effects are well-known traditionally. Triphala, a formulation of three fruit products, is one of the most important rasayana drugs used in Ayurveda. Several skin care products based on Triphala are available that claim its protective effects on facial skin. However, the skin protective effects of Triphala extract (TE) and its mechanistic action on skin cells have not been elucidated in vitro. Gallic acid, ellagic acid, and chebulinic acid were deduced by LC-MS as the major constituents of TE. The identified key compounds were docked with skin-related proteins to predict their binding affinity. The IC50 values for TE on human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) and human keratinocytes (HaCaT) were 204.90 ± 7.6 and 239.13 ± 4.3 μg/mL respectively. The antioxidant capacity of TE was 481.33 ± 1.5 mM Trolox equivalents in HaCaT cells. Triphala extract inhibited hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced RBC haemolysis (IC50 64.95 μg/mL), nitric oxide production by 48.62 ± 2.2%, and showed high reducing power activity. TE also rescued HDF from H2O2-induced damage; inhibited H2O2 induced cellular senescence and protected HDF from DNA damage. TE increased collagen-I, involucrin and filaggrin synthesis by 70.72 ± 2.3%, 67.61 ± 2.1% and 51.91 ± 3.5% in HDF or HaCaT cells respectively. TE also exhibited anti-tyrosinase and melanin inhibition properties in a dose-dependent manner. TE increased the mRNA expression of collagen-I, elastin, superoxide dismutase (SOD-2), aquaporin-3 (AQP-3), filaggrin, involucrin, transglutaminase in HDF or HaCaT cells, and decreased the mRNA levels of tyrosinase in B16F10 cells. Thus, Triphala exhibits protective benefits on skin cells in vitro and can be used as a potential ingredient in skin care formulations.
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Patel K, Tyagi C, Goyal S, Jamal S, Wahi D, Jain R, Bharadvaja N, Grover A. Identification of chebulinic acid as potent natural inhibitor of M. tuberculosis DNA gyrase and molecular insights into its binding mode of action. Comput Biol Chem 2015; 59 Pt A:37-47. [PMID: 26410242 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistant tuberculosis has threatened all the advances that have been made in TB control at the global stage in the last few decades. DNA gyrase enzymes are an excellent target for antibacterial drug discovery as they are involved in essential functions like DNA replication. Here we report, a successful application of high throughput virtual screening (HTVS) to identify an inhibitor of Mycobacterium DNA gyrase targeting the wild type and the most prevalent three double mutants of quinolone resistant DNA gyrase namely A90V+D94G, A74S+D94G and A90V+S91P. HTVS of 179.299 compounds gave five compounds with significant binding affinity. Extra presicion (XP) docking and MD simulations gave a clear view of their interaction pattern. Among them, chebulinic acid (CA), a phytocompound obtained from Terminalia chebula was the most potent inhibitor with significantly high XP docking score, -14.63, -16.46, -15.94 and -15.11 against wild type and three variants respectively. Simulation studies for a period of 16 ns indicated stable DNA gyrA-CA complex formation. This stable binding would result in inhibition of the enzyme by two mechanisms. Firstly, binding of CA causes displacement of catalytic Tyr129 away from its target DNA-phosphate molecule from 1.6 Å to 3.8-7.3 Å and secondly, by causing steric hindrance to the binding of DNA strand at DNA binding site of enzyme. The combined effect would result in loss of cleavage and religation activity of enzyme leading to bactericidal effect on tuberculosis. This phytocompound displays desirable quality for carrying forward as a lead compound for anti-tuberculosis drug development. The results presented here are solely based on computations and need to be validated experimentally in order to assert the proposed mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Patel
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110042, India
| | - Chetna Tyagi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Tonk, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Sukriti Goyal
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Tonk, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Salma Jamal
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Tonk, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Divya Wahi
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ritu Jain
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Navneeta Bharadvaja
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110042, India
| | - Abhinav Grover
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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Lu K, Basu S. The natural compound chebulagic acid inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor A mediated regulation of endothelial cell functions. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9642. [PMID: 25859636 PMCID: PMC4819393 DOI: 10.1038/srep09642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) plays an important role in tumour angiogenesis and its angiogenic action is mainly mediated through its VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2). Therefore drugs targeting VEGFA/VEGFR-2 are being presently used in the clinics for treatment of several types of solid malignant tumours. We here in report that low dose of chebulagic acid (CA), a hydrolysable tannin found in myrobalan fruits can inhibit VEGFA induced vascular permeability, endothelial cell proliferation, migration, tube formation and thereby, angiogenesis by suppressing VEGFR-2 phosphorylation. CA may thus be an effective and useful natural inhibitor of VEGFA mediated angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lu
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States of America
| | - Sujit Basu
- 1] Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States of America [2] Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States of America
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Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Triphala and their active compounds chebulagic acid and chebulinic acid prevented epithelial to mesenchymal transition in retinal pigment epithelial cells, by inhibiting SMAD-3 phosphorylation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120512. [PMID: 25793924 PMCID: PMC4368423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) of the retinal pigment epithelium is involved in the pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) that often leads to retinal detachment. In this study, Triphala, an ayurvedic formulation and two of its active ingredients, namely chebulagic acid and chebulinic acid were evaluated for anti-EMT properties based on in vitro experiments in human retinal pigment epithelial cell line (ARPE-19) under TGFβ1 induced conditions. ARPE-19 cells were treated with TGFβ1 alone or co-treated with various concentrations of aqueous extract (AqE) (30 - 300 μg/ml); alcoholic extract (AlE) (50 - 500 μg/ml) of triphala and the active principles chebulagic acid (CA) and chebulinic acid (CI) (CA,CI: 50 - 200 μM). The expression of EMT markers namely MMP-2, αSMA, vimentin and the tight junction protein ZO-1 were evaluated by qPCR, western blot and immunofluorescence. The functional implications of EMT, namely migration and proliferation of cells were assessed by proliferation assay, scratch assay and transwell migration assay. AqE, AlE, CA and CI reduced the expression and activity of MMP-2 at an ED50 value of 100 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, 100 μM and 100 μM, respectively. At these concentrations, a significant down-regulation of the expression of αSMA, vimentin and up-regulation of the expression of ZO-1 altered by TGFβ1 were observed. These concentrations also inhibited proliferation and migration of ARPE-19 cells induced by TGFβ1. EMT was found to be induced in ARPE-19 cells, through SMAD-3 phosphorylation and it was inhibited by AqE, AlE, CA and CI. Further studies in experimental animals are required to attribute therapeutic potential of these extracts and their active compounds, as an adjuvant therapy in the disease management of PVR.
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Mashyal P, Bhargav H, Raghuram N. Safety and usefulness of Laghu shankha prakshalana in patients with essential hypertension: A self controlled clinical study. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2014; 5:227-35. [PMID: 25624697 PMCID: PMC4296435 DOI: 10.4103/0975-9476.131724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yoga and Ayurveda texts emphasize the role of cleansing the bowel as an important component of management of hypertension (HTN). Observations during our clinical experience and pilot studies on Laghu shankha prakshalana kriya (LSP), a yogic bowel cleansing technique, appeared to be safe and complimentary. OBJECTIVE To test the safety and effectiveness of LSP in patients with essential hypertension. MATERIALS AND METHODS This self control study recruited 32 patients with mild to moderate essential HTN admitted for a week long residential integrated yoga therapy program at the integrative health home in Bengaluru. Patients had a daily routine of 6 hours of integrated approach of yoga therapy (IAYT) module for HTN that included physical postures, relaxation sessions, pranayama and meditations. LSP, an additional practice, that involved drinking of luke-warm water (with or without a herbal combination, triphala) followed by a set of specific yoga postures that activates defecation reflex, was administered on 2(nd) (LSP without triphala) and 5(th) day (LSP with triphala). Assessments (sitting blood pressure and pulse rate) were done just before and after both the sessions of LSP. Secondary outcome measures such as body mass index (BMI), symptom scores, medication scores, fatigue, state and trait anxiety, general health and quality of life were assessed on 1(st) and 6(th) day of IAYT intervention. RESULTS There was significant (P < 0.001, paired t test) reduction in blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) and pulse rate immediately after both the sessions (LSP with and without triphala). There were no adverse effects reported during or after LSP. There was no significant difference between the two techniques (P < 0.505, independent samples t test), although the percentage change appeared to be higher after triphala LSP session. The number of visits to clear the bowel during the procedure was significantly (P < 0.001, independent samples t test) higher after LSP with triphala than LSP without triphalā. After weeklong IAYT, there were significant reductions in blood pressure (P < 0.001), BMI (P < 0.004), medication score (P < 0.001), symptoms score (P < 0.001), fatigue (P < 0.001), state and trait anxiety (STAI, P < 0.001), scores of general ill health (GHQ, P < 0.001), and increase in comfort level (P < 0.001) and quality of sleep (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION LSP (a part of IAYT) is a safe and useful procedure for patients with essential hypertension. LSP with triphala is more useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Mashyal
- Department of Yoga and Cardiology, Division of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Hemant Bhargav
- Department of Yoga and Cardiology, Division of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Nagarathna Raghuram
- Department of Yoga and Cardiology, Division of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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De A, De A, Papasian C, Hentges S, Banerjee S, Haque I, Banerjee SK. Emblica officinalis extract induces autophagy and inhibits human ovarian cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, growth of mouse xenograft tumors. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72748. [PMID: 24133573 PMCID: PMC3794841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with ovarian cancer (OC) may be treated with surgery, chemotherapy
and/or radiation therapy, although none of these strategies are very effective.
Several plant-based natural products/dietary supplements, including extracts
from Emblicaofficinalis (Amla), have
demonstrated potent anti-neoplastic properties. In this study we determined that
Amla extract (AE) has anti-proliferative effects on OC cells under both
in vitro and in vivo conditions. We also
determined the anti-proliferative effects one of the components of AE,
quercetin, on OC cells under in vitro conditions. AE did not
induce apoptotic cell death, but did significantly increase the expression of
the autophagic proteins beclin1 and LC3B-II under in vitro
conditions. Quercetin also increased the expression of the autophagic proteins
beclin1 and LC3B-II under in vitro conditions. AE also
significantly reduced the expression of several angiogenic genes, including
hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) in OVCAR3 cells. AE acted synergistically
with cisplatin to reduce cell proliferation and increase expression of the
autophagic proteins beclin1 and LC3B-II under in vitro
conditions. AE also had anti-proliferative effects and induced the expression of
the autophagic proteins beclin1 and LC3B-II in mouse xenograft tumors.
Additionally, AE reduced endothelial cell antigen – CD31 positive blood vessels
and HIF-1α expression in mouse xenograft tumors. Together, these studies
indicate that AE inhibits OC cell growth both in vitro and
in vivo possibly via inhibition of angiogenesis and
activation of autophagy in OC. Thus AE may prove useful as an alternative or
adjunct therapeutic approach in helping to fight OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok De
- Department of OB/GYN, School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas
City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Archana De
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, United
States of America
| | - Chris Papasian
- Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, University of
Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of
America
| | - Shane Hentges
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort
Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Snigdha Banerjee
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, United
States of America
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University
of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of
America
| | - Inamul Haque
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, United
States of America
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University
of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of
America
| | - Sushanta K. Banerjee
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, United
States of America
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University
of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of
America
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical
Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
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Saha SK, Khuda-Bukhsh AR. Molecular approaches towards development of purified natural products and their structurally known derivatives as efficient anti-cancer drugs: current trends. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 714:239-48. [PMID: 23819913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Several natural products and their derivatives, either in purified or structurally identified form, exhibit immense pharmacological and biological properties, some of them showing considerable anticancer potential. Although the molecular mechanisms of action of some of these products are yet to be elucidated, extensive research in this area continues to generate new data that are clinically exploitable. Recent advancement in molecular biology, high throughput screening, biomarker identifications, target selection and genomic approaches have enabled us to understand salient interactions of natural products and their derivatives with cancer cells vis-à-vis normal cells. In this review we highlight the recent approaches and application of innovative technologies made to improve quality as well as efficiency of structurally identified natural products and their derivatives, particularly in small molecular forms capable of being used in "targeted therapies" in oncology. These products preferentially involve multiple mechanistic pathways and overcome chemo-resistance in tumor types with cumulative action. We also mention briefly a few physico-chemical features that compare natural products with drugs in recent natural product discovery approaches. We further report here a few purified natural products as examples that provide molecular interventions in cancer therapeutics to give the reader a glimpse of the current trends of approach for discovering useful anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santu Kumar Saha
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741235, India
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Significant increase in cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells by triphala: a clinical phase I study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:239856. [PMID: 23243435 PMCID: PMC3519011 DOI: 10.1155/2012/239856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background. Searching for drugs or herbal formulations to improve the immunity of HIV/AIDS positive people is an important issue for researchers in this field. Triphala, a Thai herbal formulation, is reported to have immunomodulatory effects in mice. However, it has not yet been investigated for immunostimulatory and side effects in healthy human volunteers. Objective. To evaluate the immunostimulatory and side effects of Triphala in a clinical phase I study. Materials and Methods. All volunteers took Triphala, 3 capsules per day for 2 weeks. Complete physical examination, routine laboratory analysis, and immunological studies were performed before ingestion and after initial meeting for 4 consecutive weeks. Results. We found that Triphala demonstrated significant immunostimulatory effects on cytotoxic T cells (CD3−CD8+) and natural killer cells (CD16+CD56+). Both of them increased significantly when compared with those of the control samples. However, no significant change in cytokine secretion was detected. All volunteers were healthy and showed no adverse effects throughout the duration of the study. Conclusion. Triphala has significant immunostimulatory effects on cellular immune response, especially cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells. Increases in the absolute number of these cells may provide a novel adjuvant therapy for HIV/AIDS positive people in terms of immunological improvement.
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