1
|
Biglari S, Moghaddam AS, Tabatabaiefar MA, Sherkat R, Youssefian L, Saeidian AH, Vahidnezhad F, Tsoi LC, Gudjonsson JE, Hakonarson H, Casanova JL, Béziat V, Jouanguy E, Vahidnezhad H. Monogenic etiologies of persistent human papillomavirus infections: A comprehensive systematic review. Genet Med 2024; 26:101028. [PMID: 37978863 PMCID: PMC10922824 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2023.101028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Persistent human papillomavirus infection (PHPVI) causes cutaneous, anogenital, and mucosal warts. Cutaneous warts include common warts, Treeman syndrome, and epidermodysplasia verruciformis, among others. Although more reports of monogenic predisposition to PHPVI have been published with the development of genomic technologies, genetic testing is rarely incorporated into clinical assessments. To encourage broader molecular testing, we compiled a list of the various monogenic etiologies of PHPVI. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature review to determine the genetic, immunological, and clinical characteristics of patients with PHPVI. RESULTS The inclusion criteria were met by 261 of 40,687 articles. In 842 patients, 83 PHPVI-associated genes were identified, including 42, 6, and 35 genes with strong, moderate, and weak evidence for causality, respectively. Autosomal recessive inheritance predominated (69%). PHPVI onset age was 10.8 ± 8.6 years, with an interquartile range of 5 to 14 years. GATA2,IL2RG,DOCK8, CXCR4, TMC6, TMC8, and CIB1 are the most frequently reported PHPVI-associated genes with strong causality. Most genes (74 out of 83) belong to a catalog of 485 inborn errors of immunity-related genes, and 40 genes (54%) are represented in the nonsyndromic and syndromic combined immunodeficiency categories. CONCLUSION PHPVI has at least 83 monogenic etiologies and a genetic diagnosis is essential for effective management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Biglari
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Mohammad Amin Tabatabaiefar
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Sherkat
- Immunodeficiency Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Leila Youssefian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA Clinical Genomics Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Amir Hossein Saeidian
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Lam C Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Inserm U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Imagine Institute, Paris Cité University, France; Department of Pediatrics, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France, EU; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Vivien Béziat
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Inserm U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Imagine Institute, Paris Cité University, France
| | - Emmanuelle Jouanguy
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Inserm U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Imagine Institute, Paris Cité University, France
| | - Hassan Vahidnezhad
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gutierrez-Marin PA, Castano-Jaramillo LM, Velez-Tirado N, Villamil-Osorio M, Patiño E, Reina MF, Hernandez MT. STK4 deficiency and epidermodysplasia verruciformis-like lesions: A case report. Pediatr Dermatol 2024; 41:96-99. [PMID: 37515487 DOI: 10.1111/pde.15400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Serine/threonine kinase 4 deficiency (STK4 or MST1, OMIM:614868) is an autosomal recessive (AR) combined immunodeficiency that can present with skin lesions such as epidermodysplasia verruciformis-like lesions (EVLL). Herein, we describe a 17-year-old male patient born from consanguineous parents presenting with recurrent respiratory infections, verruciform plaques, poikiloderma, chronic benign lymphoproliferation, and Sjögren syndrome with suspected interstitial lymphocytic pneumonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lina M Castano-Jaramillo
- Department of Pediatric Clinical Immunology, HOMI Fundacion Hospital Pediatrico la Misericordia, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Natalia Velez-Tirado
- Department of Pediatric Clinical Immunology, HOMI Fundacion Hospital Pediatrico la Misericordia, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Milena Villamil-Osorio
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, HOMI Fundacion Hospital Pediatrico la Misericordia, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Esteban Patiño
- Department of Pathology, HOMI Fundacion Hospital Pediatrico la Misericordia, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Maria Fernanda Reina
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, HOMI Fundacion Hospital Pediatrico la Misericordia, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Maribel Trujillo Hernandez
- Department of Pediatric Dermatology, HOMI Fundacion Hospital Pediatrico la Misericordia, Bogota, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li T, Wen Y, Lu Q, Hua S, Hou Y, Du X, Zheng Y, Sun S. MST1/2 in inflammation and immunity. Cell Adh Migr 2023; 17:1-15. [PMID: 37909712 PMCID: PMC10761064 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2023.2276616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian Sterile 20-like kinase 1/2 (MST1/2) belongs to the serine/threonine (GC) protein kinase superfamily. Collective studies confirm the vital role MST1/2 in inflammation and immunity. MST1/2 is closely related to the progress of inflammation. Generally, MST1/2 aggravates the inflammatory injury through MST1-JNK, MST1-mROS, MST1-Foxo3, and NF-κB pathways, as well as several regulatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), mitochondrial extension factor 1 (MIEF1), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Moreover, MST1/2 is also involved in the regulation of immunity to balance immune activation and tolerance by regulating MST1/2-Rac, MST1-Akt1/c-myc, MST1-Foxos, MST1-STAT, Btk pathways, and lymphocyte function-related antigen 1 (LFA-1), which subsequently prevents immunodeficiency syndrome and autoimmune diseases. This article reviews the effects of MST1/2 on inflammation and immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongfen Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yiqiong Wen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qiongfen Lu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shu Hua
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yunjiao Hou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaohua Du
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shibo Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yin Y, Tan M, Han L, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Pan W, Bai J, Jiang T, Li H. The hippo kinases MST1/2 in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases: A promising therapeutic target option for pharmacotherapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:1956-1975. [PMID: 37250161 PMCID: PMC10213817 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and metabolic disorders are major components of noncommunicable diseases, causing an enormous health and economic burden worldwide. There are common risk factors and developmental mechanisms among them, indicating the far-reaching significance in exploring the corresponding therapeutic targets. MST1/2 kinases are well-established proapoptotic effectors that also bidirectionally regulate autophagic activity. Recent studies have demonstrated that MST1/2 influence the outcome of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases by regulating immune inflammation. In addition, drug development against them is in full swing. In this review, we mainly describe the roles and mechanisms of MST1/2 in apoptosis and autophagy in cardiovascular and metabolic events as well as emphasis on the existing evidence for their involvement in immune inflammation. Moreover, we summarize the latest progress of pharmacotherapy targeting MST1/2 and propose a new mode of drug combination therapy, which may be beneficial to seek more effective strategies to prevent and treat CVDs and metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Yin
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Mingyue Tan
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Lianhua Han
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Wanqian Pan
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Tingbo Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ma CS. T-helper-2 cells and atopic disease: lessons learnt from inborn errors of immunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 81:102298. [PMID: 36870225 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are caused by monogenic variants that affect the host response to bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens. As such, individuals with IEI often present with severe, recurrent, and life-threatening infections. However, the spectrum of disease due to IEI is very broad and extends to include autoimmunity, malignancy, and atopic diseases such as eczema, atopic dermatitis, and food and environmental allergies. Here, I review IEI that affect cytokine signaling pathways that dysregulate CD4+ T-cell differentiation, resulting in increased T-helper-2 (Th2) cell development, function, and pathogenicity. These are elegant examples of how rare IEI can provide unique insights into more common pathologies such as allergic disease that are impacting the general population at increased frequency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cindy S Ma
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Clinical Immunogenomics Research Consortium of Australasia (CIRCA), Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shimizu A, Yamaguchi R, Kuriyama Y. Recent advances in cutaneous HPV infection. J Dermatol 2023; 50:290-298. [PMID: 36601717 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
More than 200 types of human papillomavirus (HPV) have been reported to date and have been associated with various dermatological diseases. Among dermatological diseases, viral verrucae are the most commonly reported to be associated with HPV. Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) consists of three types: typical EV is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder with TMC6/TMC8 gene mutations, atypical EV develops due to various gene mutations that cause immunodeficiency, and acquired EV develops due to acquired immunodeficiency. Generalized verrucosis differs from EV in that it involves numerous verrucous nodules (mainly on the limbs), histopathologically no blue cells as seen in EV, and infection with cutaneous α-HPVs as well as β-HPVs. HPV-induced skin malignancies include squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) caused by β-HPV (especially HPV types 5 and 8) in EV patients, organ transplant recipients, and healthy individuals, and SCC of the vulva and nail unit caused by mucosal high-risk HPV infection. Carcinogenesis of β-HPV is associated with sunlight. Mucosal high-risk HPV-associated carcinomas may also be sexually transmitted. We focused on Bowen's disease of the nail, which has been the subject of our research for a long time and has recently come to the fore in the field of dermatology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Shimizu
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Reimon Yamaguchi
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Yuko Kuriyama
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi City, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bartley B, Cho WC, Rady PL, Dai J, Curry JL, Milbourne A, Tyring SK, Torres-Cabala CA. Condyloma and coincidental epidermodysplasia verruciformis acanthoma positive for human papillomavirus-14 and -21. J Cutan Pathol 2023; 50:47-50. [PMID: 36039682 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EDV) is a rare genodermatosis that predisposes individuals to persistent infection with β-human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes. The term EDV acanthoma may be applied to lesions with incidental findings of EDV-defining histopathological features without clinical signs of EDV. We report a case of HPV-14- and -21-positive EDV acanthoma arising in association with condyloma in a female patient with a history of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion of the cervix positive for high-risk HPV (non-16/18), chronic kidney disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus. The patient had no family or personal history of EDV, but the patient was on immunosuppressive therapy with mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone. A biopsy specimen from one of the perianal lesions revealed histopathologic changes consistent with EDV in the setting of condyloma. Molecular testing showed HPV-14 and -21, which supported the coexistence of condyloma with EDV acanthoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Bartley
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Woo Cheal Cho
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Peter L Rady
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Julia Dai
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jonathan L Curry
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Andrea Milbourne
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Stephen K Tyring
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Carlos A Torres-Cabala
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Garcia G, Jeyachandran AV, Wang Y, Irudayam JI, Cario SC, Sen C, Li S, Li Y, Kumar A, Nielsen-Saines K, French SW, Shah PS, Morizono K, Gomperts BN, Deb A, Ramaiah A, Arumugaswami V. Hippo signaling pathway activation during SARS-CoV-2 infection contributes to host antiviral response. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001851. [PMID: 36346780 PMCID: PMC9642871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, causes respiratory failure and damage to multiple organ systems. The emergence of viral variants poses a risk of vaccine failures and prolongation of the pandemic. However, our understanding of the molecular basis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and subsequent COVID-19 pathophysiology is limited. In this study, we have uncovered a critical role for the evolutionarily conserved Hippo signaling pathway in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Given the complexity of COVID-19-associated cell injury and immunopathogenesis processes, we investigated Hippo pathway dynamics in SARS-CoV-2 infection by utilizing COVID-19 lung samples and human cell models based on pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (PSC-CMs) and human primary lung air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures. SARS-CoV-2 infection caused activation of the Hippo signaling pathway in COVID-19 lung and in vitro cultures. Both parental and Delta variant of concern (VOC) strains induced Hippo pathway. The chemical inhibition and gene knockdown of upstream kinases MST1/2 and LATS1 resulted in significantly enhanced SARS-CoV-2 replication, indicating antiviral roles. Verteporfin, a pharmacological inhibitor of the Hippo pathway downstream transactivator, YAP, significantly reduced virus replication. These results delineate a direct antiviral role for Hippo signaling in SARS-CoV-2 infection and the potential for this pathway to be pharmacologically targeted to treat COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Arjit Vijey Jeyachandran
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Yijie Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Joseph Ignatius Irudayam
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Sebastian Castillo Cario
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Chandani Sen
- UCLA Children’s Discovery and Innovation Institute, Mattel Children’s Hospital UCLA, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Shen Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Translational Pathology Core Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Karin Nielsen-Saines
- UCLA Children’s Discovery and Innovation Institute, Mattel Children’s Hospital UCLA, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Samuel W. French
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Priya S. Shah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Kouki Morizono
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Brigitte N. Gomperts
- UCLA Children’s Discovery and Innovation Institute, Mattel Children’s Hospital UCLA, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Arjun Deb
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- California Nanosystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Life Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Arunachalam Ramaiah
- Tata Institute for Genetics and Society, Centre at inStem, Bangalore, India
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- California Nanosystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang L, Fang H, Shao A, Zhang H, Ye J. Eyelid squamous cell carcinoma in the setting of epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) diagnosed by next-generation sequencing: A case report and literature review. ADVANCES IN OPHTHALMOLOGY PRACTICE AND RESEARCH 2022; 2:100066. [PMID: 37846292 PMCID: PMC10577866 DOI: 10.1016/j.aopr.2022.100066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Linyan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Hong Fang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - An Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huina Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cui Y, Benamar M, Schmitz-Abe K, Poondi-Krishnan V, Chen Q, Jugder BE, Fatou B, Fong J, Zhong Y, Mehta S, Buyanbat A, Eklioglu BS, Karabiber E, Baris S, Kiykim A, Keles S, Stephen-Victor E, Angelini C, Charbonnier LM, Chatila TA. A Stk4-Foxp3-NF-κB p65 transcriptional complex promotes T reg cell activation and homeostasis. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabl8357. [PMID: 36149942 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abl8357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The molecular programs involved in regulatory T (Treg) cell activation and homeostasis remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that T cell receptor (TCR) signaling in Treg cells induces the nuclear translocation of serine/threonine kinase 4 (Stk4), leading to the formation of an Stk4-NF-κB p65-Foxp3 complex that regulates Foxp3- and p65-dependent transcriptional programs. This complex was stabilized by Stk4-dependent phosphorylation of Foxp3 on serine-418. Stk4 deficiency in Treg cells, either alone or in combination with its homolog Stk3, precipitated a fatal autoimmune lymphoproliferative disease in mice characterized by decreased Treg cell p65 expression and nuclear translocation, impaired NF-κB p65-Foxp3 complex formation, and defective Treg cell activation. In an adoptive immunotherapy model, overexpression of p65 or the phosphomimetic Foxp3S418E in Stk3/4-deficient Treg cells ameliorated their immune regulatory defects. Our studies identify Stk4 as an essential TCR-responsive regulator of p65-Foxp3-dependent transcription that promotes Treg cell-mediated immune tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Cui
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mehdi Benamar
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Klaus Schmitz-Abe
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Varsha Poondi-Krishnan
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Qian Chen
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bat-Erdene Jugder
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benoit Fatou
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason Fong
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuelin Zhong
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stuti Mehta
- Dana Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Beray Selver Eklioglu
- Department of Pediatrics, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Esra Karabiber
- Marmara University, Pendik Training And Research Hospital, Department of Chest Disease, Division of Adult Immunology and Allergy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Safa Baris
- Marmara University, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Istanbul, Turkey.,Marmara University, the Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayca Kiykim
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Keles
- Department of Pediatrics, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Emmanuel Stephen-Victor
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claudia Angelini
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo "M. Picone", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Louis-Marie Charbonnier
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Talal A Chatila
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Akar-Ghibril N. Defects of the Innate Immune System and Related Immune Deficiencies. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2022; 63:36-54. [PMID: 34417936 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-021-08885-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune system is the host's first line of defense against pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors that mediate recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. TLRs also activate signaling transduction pathways involved in host defense, inflammation, development, and the production of inflammatory cytokines. Innate immunodeficiencies associated with defective TLR signaling include mutations in NEMO, IKBA, MyD88, and IRAK4. Other innate immune defects have been associated with susceptibility to herpes simplex encephalitis, viral infections, and mycobacterial disease, as well as chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and epidermodysplasia verruciformis. Phagocytes and natural killer cells are essential members of the innate immune system and defects in number and/or function of these cells can lead to recurrent infections. Complement is another important part of the innate immune system. Complement deficiencies can lead to increased susceptibility to infections, autoimmunity, or impaired immune complex clearance. The innate immune system must work to quickly recognize and eliminate pathogens as well as coordinate an immune response and engage the adaptive immune system. Defects of the innate immune system can lead to failure to quickly identify pathogens and activate the immune response, resulting in susceptibility to severe or recurrent infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Akar-Ghibril
- Division of Pediatric Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, 1311 N 35th Ave, Suite 220, 33021, Hollywood, FL, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Florida Atlantic University Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
HPV-Related Skin Phenotypes in Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11080857. [PMID: 36014978 PMCID: PMC9414374 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are prone to develop infections, either due to a broad spectrum of pathogens or to only one microbe. Since skin is a major barrier tissue, cutaneous infections are among the most prevalent in patients with IEI due to high exposures to many microbes. In the general population, human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause asymptomatic or self-healing infections, but, in patients with IEI, unusual clinical expression of HPV infection is observed ranging from epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) (a rare disease due to β-HPVs) to profuse, persistent, and recalcitrant warts (due to α-, γ-, and μ-HPVs) or even tree man syndrome (due to HPV2). Mutations in EVER1, EVER2, and CIB1 are associated with EV phenotype; GATA2, CXCR4, and DOCK8 mutations are typically associated with extensive HPV infections, but there are several other IEI that are less frequently associated with severe HPV lesions. In this review, we describe clinical, immunological, and genetic patterns of IEI related to severe HPV cutaneous infections and propose an algorithm for diagnosis of IEI with severe warts associated, or not, with lymphopenia.
Collapse
|
13
|
Garcia G, Wang Y, Ignatius Irudayam J, Jeyachandran AV, Cario SC, Sen C, Li S, Li Y, Kumar A, Nielsen-Saines K, French SW, Shah PS, Morizono K, Gomperts B, Deb A, Ramaiah A, Arumugaswami V. Hippo Signaling Pathway Activation during SARS-CoV-2 Infection Contributes to Host Antiviral Response. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2022:2022.04.07.487520. [PMID: 35441167 PMCID: PMC9016637 DOI: 10.1101/2022.04.07.487520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, causes respiratory failure and damage to multiple organ systems. The emergence of viral variants poses a risk of vaccine failures and prolongation of the pandemic. However, our understanding of the molecular basis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and subsequent COVID-19 pathophysiology is limited. In this study, we have uncovered a critical role for the evolutionarily conserved Hippo signaling pathway in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Given the complexity of COVID-19 associated cell injury and immunopathogenesis processes, we investigated Hippo pathway dynamics in SARS-CoV-2 infection by utilizing COVID-19 lung samples, and human cell models based on pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (PSC-CMs) and human primary lung air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures. SARS-CoV-2 infection caused activation of the Hippo signaling pathway in COVID-19 lung and in vitro cultures. Both parental and Delta variant of concern (VOC) strains induced Hippo pathway. The chemical inhibition and gene knockdown of upstream kinases MST1/2 and LATS1 resulted in significantly enhanced SARS-CoV-2 replication, indicating antiviral roles. Verteporfin a pharmacological inhibitor of the Hippo pathway downstream transactivator, YAP, significantly reduced virus replication. These results delineate a direct antiviral role for Hippo signaling in SARS-CoV-2 infection and the potential for this pathway to be pharmacologically targeted to treat COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yijie Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Joseph Ignatius Irudayam
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Arjit Vijey Jeyachandran
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sebastian Castillo Cario
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Chandani Sen
- UCLA Children’s Discovery and Innovation Institute, Mattel Children’s Hospital UCLA, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shen Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Translational Pathology Core Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI USA
| | - Karin Nielsen-Saines
- UCLA Children’s Discovery and Innovation Institute, Mattel Children’s Hospital UCLA, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Samuel W. French
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Priya S Shah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kouki Morizono
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Brigitte Gomperts
- UCLA Children’s Discovery and Innovation Institute, Mattel Children’s Hospital UCLA, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Arjun Deb
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,California Nanosystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Arunachalam Ramaiah
- Tata Institute for Genetics and Society, Centre at inStem, Bangalore, KA 560065, India,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami, DVM, PhD., 10833 Le Conte Ave, CHS B2-049A, Los Angeles, California 90095, Phone: (310) 794-9568, ; Arunachalam Ramaiah, PhD., 321 Steinhaus Hall, UCI, Irvine, CA 92697-2525,
| | - Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,California Nanosystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Lead Contact,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami, DVM, PhD., 10833 Le Conte Ave, CHS B2-049A, Los Angeles, California 90095, Phone: (310) 794-9568, ; Arunachalam Ramaiah, PhD., 321 Steinhaus Hall, UCI, Irvine, CA 92697-2525,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lino CNR, Ghosh S. Epstein-Barr Virus in Inborn Immunodeficiency-More Than Infection. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194752. [PMID: 34638238 PMCID: PMC8507541 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) is a common virus that is readily controlled by a healthy immune system and rarely causes serious problems in infected people. However, patients with certain genetic defects of their immune system might have difficulties controlling EBV and often develop severe and life-threatening conditions, such as severe inflammation and malignancies. In this review, we provide a summary of inherited immune diseases that lead to a high susceptibility to EBV infection and discuss how this infection is associated with cancer development. Abstract Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous virus affecting more than 90% of the world’s population. Upon infection, it establishes latency in B cells. It is a rather benign virus for immune-competent individuals, in whom infections usually go unnoticed. Nevertheless, EBV has been extensively associated with tumorigenesis. Patients suffering from certain inborn errors of immunity are at high risk of developing malignancies, while infection in the majority of immune-competent individuals does not seem to lead to immune dysregulation. Herein, we discuss how inborn mutations in TNFRSF9, CD27, CD70, CORO1A, CTPS1, ITK, MAGT1, RASGRP1, STK4, CARMIL2, SH2D1A, and XIAP affect the development, differentiation, and function of key factors involved in the immunity against EBV, leading to increased susceptibility to lymphoproliferative disease and lymphoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sujal Ghosh
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-211-811-6224; Fax: +49-211-811-6191
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Béziat V, Casanova JL, Jouanguy E. Human genetic and immunological dissection of papillomavirus-driven diseases: new insights into their pathogenesis. Curr Opin Virol 2021; 51:9-15. [PMID: 34555675 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are responsible for cutaneous and mucosal lesions. Persistent HPV infection remains a leading cause of uterine cancer in women, but also of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV), and of rare and devastating benign tumors, such as 'tree-man' syndrome. HPV infections are usually asymptomatic or benign in the general population. Severe manifestations in otherwise healthy subjects can attest to inherited immunodeficiencies. The human genetic dissection of these cases has identified critical components of the immune response to HPVs, including the non-redundant roles of keratinocyte-intrinsic immunity in controlling β-HPVs, and of T cell-dependent adaptive immunity for controlling all HPV types. A key role of the CD28 T-cell costimulation pathway in controlling common warts due to HPVs was recently discovered. This review summarizes the state of the art in the human genetics of HPV infection, focusing on two key affected cell types: keratinocytes and T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Béziat
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR-1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, USA.
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR-1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Jouanguy
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR-1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Guennoun A, Bougarn S, Khan T, Mackeh R, Rahman M, Al-Ali F, Ata M, Aamer W, Prosser D, Habib T, Chin-Smith E, Al-Darwish K, Zhang Q, Al-Shakaki A, Robay A, Crystal RG, Fakhro K, Al-Naimi A, Al Maslamani E, Tuffaha A, Janahi I, Janahi M, Love DR, Karim MY, Lo B, Hassan A, Adeli M, Marr N. A Novel STK4 Mutation Impairs T Cell Immunity Through Dysregulation of Cytokine-Induced Adhesion and Chemotaxis Genes. J Clin Immunol 2021; 41:1839-1852. [PMID: 34427831 PMCID: PMC8604862 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-021-01115-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Human serine/threonine kinase 4 (STK4) deficiency is a rare, autosomal recessive genetic disorder leading to combined immunodeficiency; however, the extent to which immune signaling and host defense are impaired is unclear. We assessed the functional consequences of a novel, homozygous nonsense STK4 mutation (NM_006282.2:c.871C > T, p.Arg291*) identified in a pediatric patient by comparing his innate and adaptive cell-mediated and humoral immune responses with those of three heterozygous relatives and unrelated controls. Methods The genetic etiology was verified by whole genome and Sanger sequencing. STK4 gene and protein expression was measured by quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblotting, respectively. Cellular abnormalities were assessed by high-throughput RT-RCR, RNA-Seq, ELISA, and flow cytometry. Antibody responses were assessed by ELISA and phage immunoprecipitation-sequencing. Results The patient exhibited partial loss of STK4 expression and complete loss of STK4 function combined with recurrent viral and bacterial infections, notably persistent Epstein–Barr virus viremia and pulmonary tuberculosis. Cellular and molecular analyses revealed abnormal fractions of T cell subsets, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and NK cells. The transcriptional responses of the patient’s whole blood and PBMC samples indicated dysregulated interferon signaling, impaired T cell immunity, and increased T cell apoptosis as well as impaired regulation of cytokine-induced adhesion and leukocyte chemotaxis genes. Nonetheless, the patient had detectable vaccine-specific antibodies and IgG responses to various pathogens, consistent with a normal CD19 + B cell fraction, albeit with a distinctive antibody repertoire, largely driven by herpes virus antigens. Conclusion Patients with STK4 deficiency can exhibit broad impairment of immune function extending beyond lymphoid cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10875-021-01115-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Salim Bougarn
- Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, PO BOX 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Taushif Khan
- Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, PO BOX 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rafah Mackeh
- Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, PO BOX 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mahbuba Rahman
- Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, PO BOX 26999, Doha, Qatar.,Translational Cancer and Immunity Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fatima Al-Ali
- Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, PO BOX 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Manar Ata
- Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, PO BOX 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Waleed Aamer
- Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, PO BOX 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Debra Prosser
- Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tanwir Habib
- Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, PO BOX 26999, Doha, Qatar.,Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Qian Zhang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Amal Robay
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Khalid Fakhro
- Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, PO BOX 26999, Doha, Qatar.,Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar.,College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Amal Al-Naimi
- Department of Pediatrics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Amjad Tuffaha
- Department of Pediatrics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Donald R Love
- Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Bernice Lo
- Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, PO BOX 26999, Doha, Qatar.,College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Amel Hassan
- Department of Pediatrics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mehdi Adeli
- Department of Pediatrics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nico Marr
- Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, PO BOX 26999, Doha, Qatar. .,College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Acquired Human Papilloma Virus Type 6-Associated Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis in a Patient With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Am J Dermatopathol 2021; 42:e156-e158. [PMID: 32675468 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although historically known as a genetic disorder, epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) might be acquired in patients with a noninherited defective cell-mediated immunity. This article reports a case of EV in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and a history of 3 years immunosuppressive methylprednisolone treatment. The microscopic features of the skin biopsy showed morphologic changes of the keratinocytes characteristic of human papilloma virus (HPV) infections and immunoreactivity to p16. HPV genotyping demonstrated the presence of HPV 6 which belongs to a low-risk mucosal HPV group and has not been reported in EV previously. The clinical recognition of EV in immunocompromised patients and subsequent HPV typing is important because some patients will develop squamous cell carcinoma.
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang R, Liu J, Yang X, Habulieti X, Yu X, Sun L, Zhang H, Sun Y, Ma D, Zhang X. Identification and Splicing Characterization of Novel TMC6 and TMC8 Variants Associated With Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis in Three Chinese Families. Front Genet 2021; 12:712275. [PMID: 34386043 PMCID: PMC8353250 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.712275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is a rare genodermatosis characterized by abnormal susceptibility to human beta papillomavirus infections and a particular propensity to develop non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs). The majority of EV cases are caused by biallelic null variants in TMC6, TMC8, and CIB1. This study aimed to identify disease-causing variants in three Chinese families with EV and to elucidate their molecular pathogenesis. Methods: Genomic DNA from the probands of three EV families was analyzed by whole-exome sequencing (WES). cDNA sequencing was performed to investigate abnormal splicing of the variants. Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) was conducted to quantify the mRNA expression of mutant TMC6 and TMC8. Results: Whole-exome sequencing identified two novel homozygous variants (c.2278-2A > G in TMC6 and c.559G > A in TMC8) in families 1 and 2, respectively. In family 3, WES revealed a recurrent and a novel compound heterozygous variant, c.559G > A and c.1389G > A, in TMC8. The c.2278-2A > G TMC6 variant led to the skipping of exon 19 and resulted in premature termination at codon 776. Subsequent qRT-PCR revealed that the aberrantly spliced transcript was partly degraded. Notably, the TMC8 c.559G > A variant created a novel acceptor splice site at c.561 and yielded three different aberrant transcripts. qRT-PCR revealed that most of the mutant transcripts were degraded via nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). Conclusion: We identified three novel disease-causing variants in TMC6 or TMC8 in three Chinese families with EV. The EV phenotypes of the three patients were due to a reduction in TMC6 or TMC8. Our findings expand the genetic causes of EV in the Chinese population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Wang
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueting Yang
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaerbati Habulieti
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Yu
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liwei Sun
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Han Zhang
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Sun
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Donglai Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dupré L, Boztug K, Pfajfer L. Actin Dynamics at the T Cell Synapse as Revealed by Immune-Related Actinopathies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:665519. [PMID: 34249918 PMCID: PMC8266300 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.665519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is composed of dynamic filament networks that build adaptable local architectures to sustain nearly all cellular activities in response to a myriad of stimuli. Although the function of numerous players that tune actin remodeling is known, the coordinated molecular orchestration of the actin cytoskeleton to guide cellular decisions is still ill defined. T lymphocytes provide a prototypical example of how a complex program of actin cytoskeleton remodeling sustains the spatio-temporal control of key cellular activities, namely antigen scanning and sensing, as well as polarized delivery of effector molecules, via the immunological synapse. We here review the unique knowledge on actin dynamics at the T lymphocyte synapse gained through the study of primary immunodeficiences caused by mutations in genes encoding actin regulatory proteins. Beyond the specific roles of individual actin remodelers, we further develop the view that these operate in a coordinated manner and are an integral part of multiple signaling pathways in T lymphocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Dupré
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Kaan Boztug
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria.,St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria.,CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,St. Anna Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laurène Pfajfer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France.,St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cagdas D, Halacli SO, Tan C, Esenboğa S, Karaatmaca B, Cetinkaya PG, Balcı-Hayta B, Ayhan A, Uner A, Orhan D, Boztug K, Özen S, Topaloğlu R, Sanal O, Tezcan İ. Diversity in STK4 Deficiency and Review of the Literature. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2021; 9:3752-3766.e4. [PMID: 34146746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serine-threonine kinase-4 (STK4) deficiency is an autosomal recessive (AR) combined immunodeficiency (CID). OBJECTIVE We aimed to define characteristic clinical and laboratory features to aid the differential diagnosis and determine the most suitable therapy. METHODS In addition to nine patients diagnosed, we reviewed 15 patients from medical literature. We compared B lymphocyte subgroups of our cohort with age-matched healthy controls. RESULTS In our cohort, the median age at symptom onset and age of diagnosis are 6years-8months (mo)(6-248mo) and 7years-5mo (6-260mo), respectively. The main clinical findings were infections (9/9), autoimmune/inflammatory diseases (7/9), and atopy (4/9). CD4 lymphopenia (9/9), lymphopenia (7/9), intermittent eosinophilia (4/9), transient neutropenia (3/9), low immunoglobulin (Ig) M (4/9), and high IgE (4/9) were common. Decreased recent thymic emigrants, naive and central memory T cells, albeit increased effector memory T cells were present. The increase in plasmablasts (p=0.003) and the decrease in switched memory B cells (p=0.022) were significant. Out of a total of 24 patients, cutaneous viral infections (n=20), recurrent pneumonia (n=18), Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)-associated lymphoproliferation (n=11), atopic dermatitis (n=10), autoimmune cytopenia (n=7), and lymphoma (n=6) were frequently seen. Lymphopenia, CD4 lymphopenia, high Ig G, A, and E were the most common laboratory characteristics. CONCLUSION The differential diagnosis with AR-hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome is crucial as atopy and CD4 lymphopenia are prominent in both diseases. Immunoglobulins and antibacterial/antiviral prophylaxis are the mainstays of treatment. Clinicians may use immunomodulatory therapies during inflammatory/autoimmune complications. However, more data is needed to recommend hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) as a safe therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Cagdas
- Hacettepe University Medical School, Department of Pediatric Immunology; Hacettepe University Medical School, Institute of Child Health, Department of Pediatric Immunology.
| | - Sevil Oskay Halacli
- Hacettepe University Medical School, Institute of Child Health, Department of Pediatric Immunology
| | - Cagman Tan
- Hacettepe University Medical School, Institute of Child Health, Department of Pediatric Immunology
| | - Saliha Esenboğa
- Hacettepe University Medical School, Department of Pediatric Immunology
| | - Betül Karaatmaca
- Hacettepe University Medical School, Department of Pediatric Immunology
| | | | | | - Arzu Ayhan
- Hacettepe University Medical School, Department of Pediatric Pathology
| | - Aysegul Uner
- Hacettepe University Medical School, Department of Pediatric Pathology
| | - Diclehan Orhan
- Hacettepe University Medical School, Department of Pediatric Pathology
| | - Kaan Boztug
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences
| | - Seza Özen
- Hacettepe University Medical School, Department of Pediatric Rheumatology
| | - Rezan Topaloğlu
- Hacettepe University Medical School, Department of Pediatric Nephrology
| | - Ozden Sanal
- Hacettepe University Medical School, Department of Pediatric Immunology; Hacettepe University Medical School, Institute of Child Health, Department of Pediatric Immunology
| | - İlhan Tezcan
- Hacettepe University Medical School, Department of Pediatric Immunology; Hacettepe University Medical School, Institute of Child Health, Department of Pediatric Immunology
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Vijaya Chandra SH, Srinivas R, Dawson TL, Common JE. Cutaneous Malassezia: Commensal, Pathogen, or Protector? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:614446. [PMID: 33575223 PMCID: PMC7870721 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.614446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin microbial community is a multifunctional ecosystem aiding prevention of infections from transient pathogens, maintenance of host immune homeostasis, and skin health. A better understanding of the complex milieu of microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions will be required to define the ecosystem's optimal function and enable rational design of microbiome targeted interventions. Malassezia, a fungal genus currently comprising 18 species and numerous functionally distinct strains, are lipid-dependent basidiomycetous yeasts and integral components of the skin microbiome. The high proportion of Malassezia in the skin microbiome makes understanding their role in healthy and diseased skin crucial to development of functional skin health knowledge and understanding of normal, healthy skin homeostasis. Over the last decade, new tools for Malassezia culture, detection, and genetic manipulation have revealed not only the ubiquity of Malassezia on skin but new pathogenic roles in seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, Crohn's disease, and pancreatic ductal carcinoma. Application of these tools continues to peel back the layers of Malassezia/skin interactions, including clear examples of pathogenicity, commensalism, and potential protective or beneficial activities creating mutualism. Our increased understanding of host- and microbe-specific interactions should lead to identification of key factors that maintain skin in a state of healthy mutualism or, in turn, initiate pathogenic changes. These approaches are leading toward development of new therapeutic targets and treatment options. This review discusses recent developments that have expanded our understanding of Malassezia's role in the skin microbiome, with a focus on its multiple roles in health and disease as commensal, pathogen, and protector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramasamy Srinivas
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas L Dawson
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - John E Common
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Casanova JL, Abel L. Lethal Infectious Diseases as Inborn Errors of Immunity: Toward a Synthesis of the Germ and Genetic Theories. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 16:23-50. [PMID: 32289233 PMCID: PMC7923385 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-031920-101429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It was first demonstrated in the late nineteenth century that human deaths from fever were typically due to infections. As the germ theory gained ground, it replaced the old, unproven theory that deaths from fever reflected a weak personal or even familial constitution. A new enigma emerged at the turn of the twentieth century, when it became apparent that only a small proportion of infected individuals die from primary infections with almost any given microbe. Classical genetics studies gradually revealed that severe infectious diseases could be driven by human genetic predisposition. This idea gained ground with the support of molecular genetics, in three successive, overlapping steps. First, many rare inborn errors of immunity were shown, from 1985 onward, to underlie multiple, recurrent infections with Mendelian inheritance. Second, a handful of rare and familial infections, also segregating as Mendelian traits but striking humans resistant to other infections, were deciphered molecularly beginning in 1996. Third, from 2007 onward, a growing number of rare or common sporadicinfections were shown to result from monogenic, but not Mendelian, inborn errors. A synthesis of the hitherto mutually exclusive germ and genetic theories is now in view.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA;
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France
- Paris University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
- Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Abel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA;
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France
- Paris University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hills LB, Abdullah L, Lust HE, Degefu H, Huang YH. Foxo1 Serine 209 Is a Critical Regulatory Site of CD8 T Cell Differentiation and Survival. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 206:89-100. [PMID: 33229443 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Foxo1 is an essential transcription factor required for the survival and differentiation of memory CD8 T cells, yet it is unclear whether these Foxo1-dependent functions are inherently coupled. To address this question, we examined the effects of different Foxo1 posttranslational modifications. Phosphorylation of Foxo1 by Akt kinases at three distinct residues is well characterized to inhibit Foxo1 transcriptional activity. However, the effect of Foxo1 phosphorylation within its DNA-binding domain at serine 209 by Mst1 kinase is not fully understood. In this study, we show that an S209A phospho-null Foxo1 exhibited Akt-dependent nuclear trafficking in mouse CD8 T cells and augmented the expression of canonical Foxo1 target genes such as Il7r and Sell In contrast, an S209D phosphomimetic Foxo1 (SD-Foxo1) was largely excluded from the nucleus of CD8 T cells and failed to transactivate these genes. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that SD-Foxo1 was associated with a distinct Foxo1-dependent transcriptional profile, including genes mediating CD8 effector function and cell survival. Despite defective transactivation of canonical target genes, SD-Foxo1 promoted IL-15-mediated CD8 T cell survival in vitro and survival of short-lived effector cells in vivo in response to Listeria monocytogenes infection. However, SD-Foxo1 actively repressed CD127 expression and failed to generate memory precursors and long-lived memory T cells. Together, these data indicate that S209 is a critical residue for the regulation of Foxo1 subcellular localization and for balancing CD8 T cell differentiation and survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Benjamin Hills
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756; and
| | - Leena Abdullah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756; and
| | - Hannah E Lust
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756; and
| | - Hanna Degefu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756; and
| | - Yina H Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756; and .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang Q, Wu B, Yuan Y, Zhang X, Guo Y, Gong P, Xiang L. CGRP-modulated M2 macrophages regulate osteogenesis of MC3T3-E1 via Yap1. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 697:108697. [PMID: 33232717 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone fractures are one of the most frequent injuries in the musculoskeletal system. Despite the best treatment efforts, a large proportion of bone fracture cases still display undesirable outcomes. Here, we verified that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a 37-amino acid neuropeptides, might be a critical regulator that link the nervous, immune and skeletal systems during bone healing. We used a CGRP overexpression lentiviral system and stably transfected M2 macrophages. Then, we investigated the biological function and the intrinsic mechanisms of CGRP on M2 macrophages. We confirmed that CGRP downregulated osteogenic factors (BMP2, BMP6, WNT10b and OSM) secretion at first and promoted them late on (p < 0.05). In addition, we utilized an indirect coculture system and further ascertain the influences of CGRP-induced M2 macrophages on MC3T3 osteogenesis. The results implied that CGRP-modulated osteoimmune environment elicit multiple effects on osteogenesis of MC3T3 during the entire observation period. Notably, verteporfin, a yes-associated protein 1 (Yap1) inhibitor, impaired CGRP effects significantly in our experiments. Taken together, our findings illustrated that CGRP might regulate osteogenesis by modulating the osteoimmune response of M2 macrophages via Yap1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bingfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanjun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Lin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jørgensen SE, Al-Mousawi A, Assing K, Hartling U, Grosen D, Fisker N, Nielsen C, Jakobsen MA, Mogensen TH. STK4 Deficiency Impairs Innate Immunity and Interferon Production Through Negative Regulation of TBK1-IRF3 Signaling. J Clin Immunol 2020; 41:109-124. [PMID: 33078349 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-020-00891-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND STK4 deficiency due to homozygous mutations in the STK4 gene encoding the STK4/MST1 kinase was first described in 2012. STK4/MST1 kinase regulates cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, and immune responses through canonical and non-canonical Hippo signaling pathways. OBJECTIVE We describe an 11-year-old girl with a clinical presentation consisting of severe recurrent herpes zoster, chronic warts, and recurrent pneumonias, as well as a somatic phenotype with hypothyroidism and low stature. Whole exome sequencing revealed STK4 deficiency due to homozygosity for a novel frameshift variant in STK4, c.523dupA, p.(L174fsTer45), resulting in a premature stop codon within the kinase domain. METHODS We performed a thorough investigation of the genetics and innate and adaptive immunological abnormalities in STK4 deficiency. RESULTS We show significantly impaired type I, II, and III interferon (IFN) responses and partly reduced proinflammatory cytokine responses to ligands of Toll-like receptor (TLR)3, TLR9, and the cytosolic RNA and DNA sensors as well as to microorganisms. Impaired IFN responses could be attributed to reduced phosphorylation of TBK1 and IRF3. Moreover, virus infection induced enhanced cell death by apoptosis. Importantly, autophagy pathways were slightly disturbed, with enhanced LC3B-Ito LCB3-II conversion at the single cell level but normal overall formation of LCB3 punctae. Finally, the patient displayed some indicators of impaired adaptive immunity in the form of insufficient vaccination responses, T cell lymphopenia, and reduced Treg fractions, although with largely normal T cell proliferation and normal IFNg production. CONCLUSION Here, we demonstrate disturbances in various immune cell populations and pathways involved in innate immune responses, cell death, autophagy, and adaptive immunity in a patient homozygous for a novel STK4 frameshift mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofie E Jørgensen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ali Al-Mousawi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kristian Assing
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ulla Hartling
- Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Dorthe Grosen
- Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Fisker
- Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christian Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Marianne A Jakobsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Trine H Mogensen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bouchard A, Witalis M, Chang J, Panneton V, Li J, Bouklouch Y, Suh WK. Hippo Signal Transduction Mechanisms in T Cell Immunity. Immune Netw 2020; 20:e36. [PMID: 33163244 PMCID: PMC7609160 DOI: 10.4110/in.2020.20.e36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippo signaling pathways are evolutionarily conserved signal transduction mechanisms mainly involved in organ size control, tissue regeneration, and tumor suppression. However, in mammals, the primary role of Hippo signaling seems to be regulation of immunity. As such, humans with null mutations in STK4 (mammalian homologue of Drosophila Hippo; also known as MST1) suffer from recurrent infections and autoimmune symptoms. Although dysregulated T cell homeostasis and functions have been identified in MST1-deficient human patients and mouse models, detailed cellular and molecular bases of the immune dysfunction remain to be elucidated. Although the canonical Hippo signaling pathway involves transcriptional co-activator Yes-associated protein (YAP) or transcriptional coactivator with PDZ motif (TAZ), the major Hippo downstream signaling pathways in T cells are YAP/TAZ-independent and they widely differ between T cell subsets. Here we will review Hippo signaling mechanisms in T cell immunity and describe their implications for immune defects found in MST1-deficient patients and animals. Further, we propose that mutual inhibition of Mst and Akt kinases and their opposing roles on the stability and function of forkhead box O and β-catenin may explain various immune defects discovered in mutant mice lacking Hippo signaling components. Understanding these diverse Hippo signaling pathways and their interplay with other evolutionarily-conserved signaling components in T cells may uncover molecular targets relevant to vaccination, autoimmune diseases, and cancer immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Bouchard
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada.,Molecular Biology Program, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Mariko Witalis
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada.,Molecular Biology Program, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Jinsam Chang
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada.,Molecular Biology Program, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Vincent Panneton
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Joanna Li
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Yasser Bouklouch
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Woong-Kyung Suh
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada.,Molecular Biology Program, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sprenkeler EGG, Webbers SDS, Kuijpers TW. When Actin is Not Actin' Like It Should: A New Category of Distinct Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders. J Innate Immun 2020; 13:3-25. [PMID: 32846417 DOI: 10.1159/000509717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) have been identified over the last decade, which are caused by deleterious mutations in genes encoding for proteins involved in actin cytoskeleton regulation. These mutations primarily affect hematopoietic cells and lead to defective function of immune cells, such as impaired motility, signaling, proliferative capacity, and defective antimicrobial host defense. Here, we review several of these immunological "actinopathies" and cover both clinical aspects, as well as cellular mechanisms of these PIDs. We focus in particular on the effect of these mutations on human neutrophil function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelien G G Sprenkeler
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, .,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, AUMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
| | - Steven D S Webbers
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, AUMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, AUMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Beta Human Papillomavirus 8E6 Attenuates LATS Phosphorylation after Failed Cytokinesis. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.02184-19. [PMID: 32238586 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02184-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta genus human papillomaviruses (β-HPVs) cause cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCCs) in a subset of immunocompromised patients. However, β-HPVs are not necessary for tumor maintenance in the general population. Instead, they may destabilize the genome in the early stages of cancer development. Supporting this idea, β-HPV's 8E6 protein attenuates p53 accumulation after failed cytokinesis. This paper offers mechanistic insight into how β-HPV E6 causes this change in cell signaling. An in silico screen and characterization of HCT 116 cells lacking p300 suggested that the histone acetyltransferase is a negative regulator of Hippo pathway (HP) gene expression. HP activation restricts growth in response to stimuli, including failed cytokinesis. Loss of p300 resulted in increased HP gene expression, including proproliferative genes associated with HP inactivation. β-HPV 8E6 expression recapitulates some of these phenotypes. We used a chemical inhibitor of cytokinesis (dihydrocytochalasin B [H2CB]) to induce failed cytokinesis. This system allowed us to show that β-HPV 8E6 reduced activation of large tumor suppressor kinase (LATS), an HP kinase. LATS is required for p53 accumulation following failed cytokinesis. These phenotypes were dependent on β-HPV 8E6 destabilizing p300 and did not completely attenuate the HP. It did not alter H2CB-induced nuclear exclusion of the transcription factor YAP. β-HPV 8E6 also did not decrease HP activation in cells grown to a high density. Although our group and others have previously described inhibition of DNA repair, to the best of our knowledge, this marks the first time that a β-HPV E6 protein has been shown to hinder HP signaling.IMPORTANCE β-HPVs contribute to cSCC development in immunocompromised populations. However, it is unclear if these common cutaneous viruses are tumorigenic in the general population. Thus, a more thorough investigation of β-HPV biology is warranted. If β-HPV infections do promote cSCCs, they are hypothesized to destabilize the cellular genome. In vitro data support this idea by demonstrating the ability of the β-HPV E6 protein to disrupt DNA repair signaling events following UV exposure. We show that β-HPV E6 more broadly impairs cellular signaling, indicating that the viral protein dysregulates the HP. The HP protects genome fidelity by regulating cell growth and apoptosis in response to a myriad of deleterious stimuli, including failed cytokinesis. After failed cytokinesis, β-HPV 8E6 attenuates phosphorylation of the HP kinase (LATS). This decreases some, but not all, HP signaling events. Notably, β-HPV 8E6 does not limit senescence associated with failed cytokinesis.
Collapse
|
29
|
Human genetic dissection of papillomavirus-driven diseases: new insight into their pathogenesis. Hum Genet 2020; 139:919-939. [PMID: 32435828 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-020-02183-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) infect mucosal or cutaneous stratified epithelia. There are 5 genera and more than 200 types of HPV, each with a specific tropism and virulence. HPV infections are typically asymptomatic or result in benign tumors, which may be disseminated or persistent in rare cases, but a few oncogenic HPVs can cause cancers. This review deals with the human genetic and immunological basis of interindividual clinical variability in the course of HPV infections of the skin and mucosae. Typical epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is characterized by β-HPV-driven flat wart-like and pityriasis-like cutaneous lesions and non-melanoma skin cancers in patients with inborn errors of EVER1-EVER2-CIB1-dependent skin-intrinsic immunity. Atypical EV is associated with other infectious diseases in patients with inborn errors of T cells. Severe cutaneous or anogenital warts, including anogenital cancers, are also driven by certain α-, γ-, μ or ν-HPVs in patients with inborn errors of T lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells. The genetic basis of HPV diseases at other mucosal sites, such as oral multifocal epithelial hyperplasia or juvenile recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JRRP), remains poorly understood. The human genetic dissection of HPV-driven lesions will clarify the molecular and cellular basis of protective immunity to HPVs, and should lead to novel diagnostic, preventive, and curative approaches in patients.
Collapse
|
30
|
Ueda Y, Kondo N, Kinashi T. MST1/2 Balance Immune Activation and Tolerance by Orchestrating Adhesion, Transcription, and Organelle Dynamics in Lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2020; 11:733. [PMID: 32435241 PMCID: PMC7218056 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The STE20-like serine/threonine kinases MST1 and MST2 (MST1/2) are mammalian homologs of Hippo in flies. MST1/2 regulate organ size by suppressing the transcription factor YAP, which promotes proliferation. MST1 is predominantly expressed in immune cells, where it plays distinct roles. Here, we review the functions of MST1/2 in immune cells, uncovered by a series of recent studies, and discuss the connection between MST1/2 function and immune responses. MST1/2 regulate lymphocyte development, trafficking, survival, and antigen recognition by naive T cells. MST1/2 also regulate the function of regulatory T cells and effector T cell differentiation, thus acting to balance immune activation and tolerance. Interestingly, MST1/2 elicit these functions not by the “canonical” Hippo pathway, but by the non-canonical Hippo pathway or alternative pathways. In these pathways, MST1/2 regulates cellular processes relating to immune response, such as chemotaxis, cell adhesion, immunological synapse, gene transcriptions. Recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of these processes have revealed important roles of MST1/2 in regulating cytoskeleton remodeling, integrin activation, and vesicular transport in lymphocytes. We discuss the significance of the MST1/2 signaling in lymphocytes in the regulation of organelle dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Ueda
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kondo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kinashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lee BJ, Mace EM. From stem cell to immune effector: how adhesion, migration, and polarity shape T-cell and natural killer cell lymphocyte development in vitro and in vivo. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:981-991. [PMID: 32352896 PMCID: PMC7346728 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-08-0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocyte development is a complex and coordinated pathway originating from pluripotent stem cells during embryogenesis and continuing even as matured lymphocytes are primed and educated in adult tissue. Hematopoietic stem cells develop in a specialized niche that includes extracellular matrix and supporting stromal and endothelial cells that both maintain stem cell pluripotency and enable the generation of differentiated cells. Cues for lymphocyte development include changes in integrin-dependent cell motility and adhesion which ultimately help to determine cell fate. The capacity of lymphocytes to adhere and migrate is important for modulating these developmental signals both by regulating the cues that the cell receives from the local microenvironment as well as facilitating the localization of precursors to tissue niches throughout the body. Here we consider how changing migratory and adhesive phenotypes contribute to human natural killer (NK)- and T-cell development as they undergo development from precursors to mature, circulating cells and how our understanding of this process is informed by in vitro models of T- and NK cell generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barclay J. Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Emily M. Mace
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tangye SG. Genetic susceptibility to EBV infection: insights from inborn errors of immunity. Hum Genet 2020; 139:885-901. [PMID: 32152698 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-020-02145-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human pathogen, infecting > 90% of the adult population. In the vast majority of healthy individuals, infection with EBV runs a relatively benign course. However, EBV is by no means a benign pathogen. Indeed, apart from being associated with at least seven different types of malignancies, EBV infection can cause severe and often fatal diseases-hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, lymphoproliferative disease, B-cell lymphoma-in rare individuals with specific monogenic inborn errors of immunity. The discovery and detailed investigation of inborn errors of immunity characterized by heightened susceptibility to, or increased frequency of, EBV-induced disease have elegantly revealed cell types and signaling pathways that play critical and non-redundant roles in host-defense against EBV. These analyses have revealed not only mechanisms underlying EBV-induced disease in rare genetic conditions, but also identified molecules and pathways that could be targeted to treat severe EBV infection and pathological consequences in immunodeficient hosts, or even potentially enhance the efficacy of an EBV-specific vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart G Tangye
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia. .,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of NSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia. .,Clincial Immunogenomics Research Consortium Australasia (CIRCA), Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cheng J, Wang S, Dong Y, Yuan Z. The Role and Regulatory Mechanism of Hippo Signaling Components in the Neuronal System. Front Immunol 2020; 11:281. [PMID: 32140159 PMCID: PMC7042394 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway, an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase cascade, plays a critical role in controlling organ size, cancer development, and tissue regeneration. Recently, mounting evidence has suggested that Hippo signaling also has an important role in regulating immunity, including innate and adaptive immune activation. In the neuronal system, Our laboratory results, together with those from other studies, demonstrate that the Hippo signaling pathway is involved in neuroinflammation, neuronal cell differentiation, and neuronal death. In the present review, we summarize the recent findings pertaining to the function and regulatory mechanism of Hippo signaling components in the neuronal system, implicating the potential of Hippo signaling as a therapeutic target for the treatment of neuronal system diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Cheng
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.,The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shukun Wang
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zengqiang Yuan
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Garcia G, Paul S, Beshara S, Ramanujan VK, Ramaiah A, Nielsen-Saines K, Li MMH, French SW, Morizono K, Kumar A, Arumugaswami V. Hippo Signaling Pathway Has a Critical Role in Zika Virus Replication and in the Pathogenesis of Neuroinflammation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:844-861. [PMID: 32035058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a reemerging human pathogen that causes congenital abnormalities, including microcephaly and eye disease. The cellular/molecular basis of ZIKV and host interactions inducing ocular and neuronal pathogenesis are unclear. Herein, we noted that the Hippo/Salvador-Warts-Hippo signaling pathway, which controls organ size through progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation, is dysregulated after ZIKV infection. In human fetal retinal pigment epithelial cells, there is an early induction of transcriptional coactivator, Yes-associated protein (YAP), which is later degraded with a corresponding activation of the TANK binding kinase 1/interferon regulatory factor 3 type I interferon pathway. YAP/transcriptional co-activator with a PDZ-binding domain (TAZ) silencing results in reduced ZIKV replication, indicating a direct role of Hippo pathway in regulating ZIKV infection. Using an in vivo Ifnar1-/- knockout mouse model, ZIKV infection was found to reduce YAP/TAZ protein levels while increasing phosphorylated YAP Ser127 in the retina and brain. Hippo pathway is activated in major cellular components of the blood-brain barrier, including endothelial cells and astrocytes. In addition, this result suggests AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway's role in regulating YAP/TAZ in ZIKV-infected cells. These data demonstrate that ZIKV infection might initiate a cross talk among AMP-activated protein kinase-Hippo-TBK1 pathways, which could regulate antiviral and energy stress responses during oculoneuronal inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sayan Paul
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - Sara Beshara
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Arunachalam Ramaiah
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Karin Nielsen-Saines
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Melody M H Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Samuel W French
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kouki Morizono
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California; UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, California.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Janssen E, Geha RS. Primary immunodeficiencies caused by mutations in actin regulatory proteins. Immunol Rev 2019; 287:121-134. [PMID: 30565251 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The identification of patients with monogenic gene defects have illuminated the function of different proteins in the immune system, including proteins that regulate the actin cytoskeleton. Many of these actin regulatory proteins are exclusively expressed in leukocytes and regulate the formation and branching of actin filaments. Their absence or abnormal function leads to defects in immune cell shape, cellular projections, migration, and signaling. Through the study of patients' mutations and generation of mouse models that recapitulate the patients' phenotypes, our laboratory and others have gained a better understanding of the role these proteins play in cell biology and the underlying pathogenesis of immunodeficiencies and immune dysregulatory syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin Janssen
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raif S Geha
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Fernandes RA, Perez-Andres M, Blanco E, Jara-Acevedo M, Criado I, Almeida J, Botafogo V, Coutinho I, Paiva A, van Dongen JJM, Orfao A, Faria E. Complete Multilineage CD4 Expression Defect Associated With Warts Due to an Inherited Homozygous CD4 Gene Mutation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2502. [PMID: 31781092 PMCID: PMC6856949 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic T-CD4 lymphocytopenia (ICL) is a rare and heterogeneous syndrome characterized by opportunistic infections due to reduced CD4 T-lymphocytes (<300 cells/μl or <20% T-cells) in the absence of HIV infection and other primary causes of lymphopenia. Molecular testing of ICL has revealed defects in genes not specific to CD4 T-cells, with pleiotropic effects on other cell types. Here we report for the first time an absolute CD4 lymphocytopenia (<0.01 CD4+ T-cells/μl) due to an autosomal recessive CD4 gene mutation that completely abrogates CD4 protein expression on the surface membrane of T-cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells. A 45-year-old female born to consanguineous parents consulted because of exuberant, relapsing, and treatment-refractory warts on her hands and feet since the age of 10 years, in the absence of other recurrent infections or symptoms. Serological studies were negative for severe infections, including HIV 1/2, HTLV-1, and syphilis, but positive for CMV and EBV. Blood analysis showed the absence of CD4+ T-cells (<0.01%) with repeatedly increased counts of B-cells, naïve CD8+ T-lymphocytes, and particularly, CD4/CD8 double-negative (DN) TCRαβ+ TCRγδ- T-cells (30% of T-cells; 400 cells/μl). Flow cytometric staining of CD4 using monoclonal antibodies directed against five different epitopes, located in two different domains of the protein, confirmed no cell surface membrane or intracytoplasmic expression of CD4 on T-cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells but normal soluble CD4 plasma levels. DN T-cells showed a phenotypic and functional profile similar to normal CD4+ T-cells as regards expression of maturation markers, T-helper and T-regulatory chemokine receptors, TCRvβ repertoire, and in vitro cytokine production against polyclonal and antigen-specific stimuli. Sequencing of the CD4 gene revealed a homozygous (splicing) mutation affecting the last bp on intron 7-8, leading to deletion of the juxtamembrane and intracellular domains of the protein and complete abrogation of CD4 expression on the cell membrane. These findings support previous studies in CD4 KO mice suggesting that surrogate DN helper and regulatory T-cells capable of supporting antigen-specific immune responses are produced in the absence of CD4 signaling and point out the need for better understanding the role of CD4 on thymic selection and the immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Anita Fernandes
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Martin Perez-Andres
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Cancer-CIBER-CIBERONC (CB16/12/00400), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Blanco
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Cancer-CIBER-CIBERONC (CB16/12/00400), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Jara-Acevedo
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Cancer-CIBER-CIBERONC (CB16/12/00400), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Sequencing DNA Service, NUCLEUS, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ignacio Criado
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Cancer-CIBER-CIBERONC (CB16/12/00400), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Almeida
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Cancer-CIBER-CIBERONC (CB16/12/00400), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vitor Botafogo
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Cancer-CIBER-CIBERONC (CB16/12/00400), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ines Coutinho
- Dermatology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Artur Paiva
- Flow Cytometry Unit-Clinical Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Ciências Biomédicas Laboratoriais, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jacques J M van Dongen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Cancer-CIBER-CIBERONC (CB16/12/00400), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilia Faria
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Al-Saud B, Alajlan H, Sabar H, Anwar S, Alruwaili H, Al-Hussain T, Alamri N, Alazami AM. STK4 Deficiency in a Patient with Immune Complex Glomerulonephritis, Salt-Losing Tubulopathy, and Castleman's-Like Disease. J Clin Immunol 2019; 39:823-826. [PMID: 31444685 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-019-00682-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bandar Al-Saud
- Section of Pediatric Allergy/Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, MBC-58, PO Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia. .,College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Huda Alajlan
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC-03, PO Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haneen Sabar
- Section of Pediatric Allergy/Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, MBC-58, PO Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Siddiq Anwar
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hibah Alruwaili
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC-03, PO Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki Al-Hussain
- Section of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Alamri
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas M Alazami
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC-03, PO Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia. .,Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wikramanayake TC, Borda LJ, Miteva M, Paus R. Seborrheic dermatitis—Looking beyondMalassezia. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:991-1001. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.14006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu C. Wikramanayake
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Luis J. Borda
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Mariya Miteva
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Ralf Paus
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
- Centre for Dermatology Research University of Manchester Manchester UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Manchester UK
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
B cell–intrinsic requirement for STK4 in humoral immunity in mice and human subjects. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 143:2302-2305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
40
|
Yamauchi T, Moroishi T. Hippo Pathway in Mammalian Adaptive Immune System. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050398. [PMID: 31052239 PMCID: PMC6563119 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway was originally identified as an evolutionarily-conserved signaling mechanism that contributes to the control of organ size. It was then rapidly expanded as a key pathway in the regulation of tissue development, regeneration, and cancer pathogenesis. The increasing amount of evidence in recent years has also connected this pathway to the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Notably, the Hippo pathway has been revealed to play a pivotal role in adaptive immune cell lineages, as represented by the patients with T- and B-cell lymphopenia exhibiting defective expressions of the pathway component. The complex regulatory mechanisms of and by the Hippo pathway have also been evident as alternative signal transductions are employed in some immune cell types. In this review article, we summarize the current understanding of the emerging roles of the Hippo pathway in adaptive immune cell development and differentiation. We also highlight the recent findings concerning the dual functions of the Hippo pathway in autoimmunity and anti-cancer immune responses and discuss the key open questions in the interplay between the Hippo pathway and the mammalian immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Yamauchi
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Toshiro Moroishi
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Tangye SG, Bucciol G, Casas‐Martin J, Pillay B, Ma CS, Moens L, Meyts I. Human inborn errors of the actin cytoskeleton affecting immunity: way beyond WAS and WIP. Immunol Cell Biol 2019; 97:389-402. [DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart G Tangye
- Immunology Division Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney NSW Australia
- Faculty of Medicine St Vincent's Clinical School UNSW Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Giorgia Bucciol
- Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity Department of Microbiology and Immunology KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Department of Pediatrics University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Jose Casas‐Martin
- Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity Department of Microbiology and Immunology KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Bethany Pillay
- Immunology Division Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney NSW Australia
- Faculty of Medicine St Vincent's Clinical School UNSW Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Cindy S Ma
- Immunology Division Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney NSW Australia
- Faculty of Medicine St Vincent's Clinical School UNSW Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Leen Moens
- Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity Department of Microbiology and Immunology KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Isabelle Meyts
- Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity Department of Microbiology and Immunology KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Department of Pediatrics University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
A Novel STK4 Mutation Presenting with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis. J Clin Immunol 2019; 39:11-14. [PMID: 30612220 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-018-0586-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
43
|
Bagherzadeh Yazdchi S, Witalis M, Meli AP, Leung J, Li X, Panneton V, Chang J, Li J, Nutt SL, Johnson RL, Lim DS, Gu H, King IL, Suh WK. Hippo Pathway Kinase Mst1 Is Required for Long-Lived Humoral Immunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 202:69-78. [PMID: 30478091 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The protein kinase Mst1 is a key component of the evolutionarily conserved Hippo pathway that regulates cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and migration. In humans, Mst1 deficiency causes primary immunodeficiency. Patients with MST1-null mutations show progressive loss of naive T cells but, paradoxically, mildly elevated serum Ab titers. Nonetheless, the role of Mst1 in humoral immunity remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that early T cell-dependent IgG1 responses in young adult Mst1-deficient mice were largely intact with signs of impaired affinity maturation. However, the established Ag-specific IgG1 titers in Mst1-deficient mice decayed more readily because of a loss of Ag-specific but not the overall bone marrow plasma cells. Despite the impaired affinity and longevity of Ag-specific Abs, Mst1-deficient mice produced plasma cells displaying apparently normal maturation markers with intact migratory and secretory capacities. Intriguingly, in immunized Mst1-deficient mice, T follicular helper cells were hyperactive, expressing higher levels of IL-21, IL-4, and surface CD40L. Accordingly, germinal center B cells progressed more rapidly into the plasma cell lineage, presumably forgoing rigorous affinity maturation processes. Importantly, Mst1-deficient mice had elevated levels of CD138+Blimp1+ splenic plasma cell populations, yet the size of the bone marrow plasma cell population remained normal. Thus, overproduced low-affinity plasma cells from dysregulated germinal centers seem to underlie humoral immune defects in Mst1-deficiency. Our findings imply that vaccination of Mst1-deficient human patients, even at the early stage of life, may fail to establish long-lived high-affinity humoral immunity and that prophylactic Ab replacement therapy can be beneficial to the patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Bagherzadeh Yazdchi
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Mariko Witalis
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada.,Molecular Biology Program, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Alexandre P Meli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Joanne Leung
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Xin Li
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Vincent Panneton
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Jinsam Chang
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada.,Molecular Biology Program, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Joanna Li
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Stephen L Nutt
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Randy L Johnson
- Department of Cancer Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030; and
| | - Dae-Sik Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hua Gu
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Irah L King
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Woong-Kyung Suh
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada; .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada.,Molecular Biology Program, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Schipp C, Schlütermann D, Hönscheid A, Nabhani S, Höll J, Oommen PT, Ginzel S, Fleckenstein B, Stork B, Borkhardt A, Stepensky P, Fischer U. EBV Negative Lymphoma and Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome Like Phenotype Extend the Clinical Spectrum of Primary Immunodeficiency Caused by STK4 Deficiency. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2400. [PMID: 30386345 PMCID: PMC6198654 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine/threonine kinase 4 (STK4) deficiency is an autosomal recessive genetic condition that leads to primary immunodeficiency (PID) typically characterized by lymphopenia, recurrent infections and Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) induced lymphoproliferation and -lymphoma. State-of-the-art treatment regimens consist of prevention or treatment of infections, immunoglobulin substitution (IVIG) and restoration of the immune system by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Here, we report on two patients from two consanguineous families of Turkish (patient P1) and Moroccan (patient P2) decent, with PID due to homozygous STK4 mutations. P1 harbored a previously reported frameshift (c.1103 delT, p.M368RfsX2) and P2 a novel splice donor site mutation (P2; c.525+2 T>G). Both patients presented in childhood with recurrent infections, CD4 lymphopenia and dysregulated immunoglobulin levels. Patient P1 developed a highly malignant B cell lymphoma at the age of 10 years and a second, independent Hodgkin lymphoma 5 years later. To our knowledge she is the first STK4 deficient case reported who developed lymphoma in the absence of detectable EBV or other common viruses. Lymphoma development may be due to the lacking tumor suppressive function of STK4 or the perturbed immune surveillance due to the lack of CD4+ T cells. Our data should raise physicians' awareness of [1] lymphoma proneness of STK4 deficient patients even in the absence of EBV infection and [2] possibly underlying STK4 deficiency in pediatric patients with a history of recurrent infections, CD4 lymphopenia and lymphoma and unknown genetic make-up. Patient P2 experienced recurrent otitis in childhood, but when she presented at the age of 14, she showed clinical and immunological characteristics similar to patients suffering from Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome (ALPS): elevated DNT cell number, non-malignant lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly, hematolytic anemia, hypergammaglobulinemia. Also patient P1 presented with ALPS-like features (lymphadenopathy, elevated DNT cell number and increased Vitamin B12 levels) and both were initially clinically diagnosed as ALPS-like. Closer examination of P2, however, revealed active EBV infection and genetic testing identified a novel STK4 mutation. None of the patients harbored typically ALPS-associated mutations of the Fas receptor mediated apoptotic pathway and Fas-mediated apoptosis was not affected. The presented case reports extend the clinical spectrum of STK4 deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyrill Schipp
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David Schlütermann
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Hönscheid
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Schafiq Nabhani
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jessica Höll
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Prasad T Oommen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ginzel
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Computer Science, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Fleckenstein
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Björn Stork
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Polina Stepensky
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ute Fischer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
de Jong SJ, Créquer A, Matos I, Hum D, Gunasekharan V, Lorenzo L, Jabot-Hanin F, Imahorn E, Arias AA, Vahidnezhad H, Youssefian L, Markle JG, Patin E, D'Amico A, Wang CQF, Full F, Ensser A, Leisner TM, Parise LV, Bouaziz M, Maya NP, Cadena XR, Saka B, Saeidian AH, Aghazadeh N, Zeinali S, Itin P, Krueger JG, Laimins L, Abel L, Fuchs E, Uitto J, Franco JL, Burger B, Orth G, Jouanguy E, Casanova JL. The human CIB1-EVER1-EVER2 complex governs keratinocyte-intrinsic immunity to β-papillomaviruses. J Exp Med 2018; 215:2289-2310. [PMID: 30068544 PMCID: PMC6122964 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20170308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) and biallelic null mutations of TMC6 (encoding EVER1) or TMC8 (EVER2) are selectively prone to disseminated skin lesions due to keratinocyte-tropic human β-papillomaviruses (β-HPVs), which lack E5 and E8. We describe EV patients homozygous for null mutations of the CIB1 gene encoding calcium- and integrin-binding protein-1 (CIB1). CIB1 is strongly expressed in the skin and cultured keratinocytes of controls but not in those of patients. CIB1 forms a complex with EVER1 and EVER2, and CIB1 proteins are not expressed in EVER1- or EVER2-deficient cells. The known functions of EVER1 and EVER2 in human keratinocytes are not dependent on CIB1, and CIB1 deficiency does not impair keratinocyte adhesion or migration. In keratinocytes, the CIB1 protein interacts with the HPV E5 and E8 proteins encoded by α-HPV16 and γ-HPV4, respectively, suggesting that this protein acts as a restriction factor against HPVs. Collectively, these findings suggest that the disruption of CIB1-EVER1-EVER2-dependent keratinocyte-intrinsic immunity underlies the selective susceptibility to β-HPVs of EV patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jill de Jong
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Amandine Créquer
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Irina Matos
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Development and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - David Hum
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | | | - Lazaro Lorenzo
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Jabot-Hanin
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Elias Imahorn
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andres A Arias
- Primary Immunodeficiencies Group, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
- School of Microbiology, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Hassan Vahidnezhad
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Youssefian
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Janet G Markle
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Etienne Patin
- Human Evolutionary Genetics, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
- National Center for Scientific Research, URA 3012, Paris, France
- Center of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Integrative Biology, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - Aurelia D'Amico
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Claire Q F Wang
- Laboratory of Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Florian Full
- Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Armin Ensser
- Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tina M Leisner
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Leslie V Parise
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Matthieu Bouaziz
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | | | - Xavier Rueda Cadena
- Dermatology/Oncology - Skin Cancer Unit, National Cancer Institute, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Bayaki Saka
- Department of Dermatology, Sylvanus Olympio Hospital, University of Lomé, Togo
| | - Amir Hossein Saeidian
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nessa Aghazadeh
- Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sirous Zeinali
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Kawsar Human Genetics Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peter Itin
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland
- Dermatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - James G Krueger
- Laboratory of Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Lou Laimins
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Laurent Abel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Elaine Fuchs
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Development and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Jouni Uitto
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jose Luis Franco
- Primary Immunodeficiencies Group, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Bettina Burger
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gérard Orth
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Jouanguy
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Huang S, Wu JH, Lewis DJ, Rady PL, Tyring SK. A novel approach to the classification of epidermodysplasia verruciformis. Int J Dermatol 2018; 57:1344-1350. [PMID: 30156265 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is a rare genodermatosis that causes disseminated eruptions of hypo- or hyperpigmented macules and wart-like papules that can coalesce and scale. It is uniquely characterized by an increased susceptibility to specific human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes. Classically, EV is associated with mutations of the EVER1/TMC6 and EVER2/TMC8 genes. The term "acquired" epidermodysplasia verruciformis was coined to describe an EV-like syndrome that can develop in patients with a compromised immune system. Recent discoveries of other genes implicated in EV, including RHOH, MST-1, and CORO1A, have complicated the classification of EV and EV-like syndromes. METHODS We review the available data on epidermodysplasia verruciformis in the literature in order to propose a new classification system to encompass current and future developments on EV and EV-like syndromes. RESULTS We propose classifying EV into: (1) classic genetic EV, (2) non-classic genetic EV, and (3) acquired EV. CONCLUSION The proposed categorization scheme provides a simple and logical way to organize the different cases of EV that have been described in the literature. This system organizes EV by its cause, allowing for a better understanding of the disease and helps differentiate EV from other causes of generalized verrucosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simo Huang
- School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Julie H Wu
- School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel J Lewis
- School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peter L Rady
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephen K Tyring
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Clinical Studies, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Youssefian L, Vahidnezhad H, Mahmoudi H, Saeidian AH, Daneshpazhooh M, Kamyab Hesari K, Zeinali S, de Jong SJ, Orth G, Blanchet-Bardon C, Jouanguy E, Casanova JL, Uitto J. Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis: Genetic Heterogeneity and EVER1 and EVER2 Mutations Revealed by Genome-Wide Analysis. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 139:241-244. [PMID: 30036492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Youssefian
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College and Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Vahidnezhad
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College and Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Biotechnology Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Mahmoudi
- Dermatology Department, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Saeidian
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College and Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maryam Daneshpazhooh
- Dermatology Department, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kambiz Kamyab Hesari
- Pathology Department, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sirous Zeinali
- Biotechnology Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Kawsar Human Genetics Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarah Jill de Jong
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gérard Orth
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | | | - Emmanuelle Jouanguy
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jouni Uitto
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College and Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Requena D, Maffucci P, Bigio B, Shang L, Abhyankar A, Boisson B, Stenson PD, Cooper DN, Cunningham-Rundles C, Casanova JL, Abel L, Itan Y. CDG: An Online Server for Detecting Biologically Closest Disease-Causing Genes and its Application to Primary Immunodeficiency. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1340. [PMID: 29997612 PMCID: PMC6030251 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput genomic technologies yield about 20,000 variants in the protein-coding exome of each individual. A commonly used approach to select candidate disease-causing variants is to test whether the associated gene has been previously reported to be disease-causing. In the absence of known disease-causing genes, it can be challenging to associate candidate genes with specific genetic diseases. To facilitate the discovery of novel gene-disease associations, we determined the putative biologically closest known genes and their associated diseases for 13,005 human genes not currently reported to be disease-associated. We used these data to construct the closest disease-causing genes (CDG) server, which can be used to infer the closest genes with an associated disease for a user-defined list of genes or diseases. We demonstrate the utility of the CDG server in five immunodeficiency patient exomes across different diseases and modes of inheritance, where CDG dramatically reduced the number of candidate genes to be evaluated. This resource will be a considerable asset for ascertaining the potential relevance of genetic variants found in patient exomes to specific diseases of interest. The CDG database and online server are freely available to non-commercial users at: http://lab.rockefeller.edu/casanova/CDG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Requena
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases (Rockefeller Branch), The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Patrick Maffucci
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases (Rockefeller Branch), The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States.,Graduate School, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Benedetta Bigio
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases (Rockefeller Branch), The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lei Shang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases (Rockefeller Branch), The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Bertrand Boisson
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases (Rockefeller Branch), The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases (Necker Branch), INSERM U1163, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Peter D Stenson
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - David N Cooper
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles
- Graduate School, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases (Rockefeller Branch), The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases (Necker Branch), INSERM U1163, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, United States.,Pediatric Immunology-Hematology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Abel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases (Rockefeller Branch), The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases (Necker Branch), INSERM U1163, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Yuval Itan
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kurz ARM, Catz SD, Sperandio M. Noncanonical Hippo Signalling in the Regulation of Leukocyte Function. Trends Immunol 2018; 39:656-669. [PMID: 29954663 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian sterile 20-like (MST) kinases are central constituents of the evolutionary ancient canonical Hippo pathway regulating cell proliferation and survival. However, perhaps surprisingly, MST1 deficiency in human patients leads to a severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome with features of autoimmune disease. In line with this, Mst1-deficient mice exhibit severe defects in lymphocyte and neutrophil functions as well as disturbed intracellular vesicle transport. These findings spurred research on the noncanonical functions of MST1 in leukocytes. Here, we summarise the latest findings on this topic and discuss MST1 as a critical regulator of various leukocyte functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela R M Kurz
- Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, BMC, Klinikum der Universität, LMU Munich, Germany; The Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sergio D Catz
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, BMC, Klinikum der Universität, LMU Munich, Germany; DZHK Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
de Jong SJ, Imahorn E, Itin P, Uitto J, Orth G, Jouanguy E, Casanova JL, Burger B. Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis: Inborn Errors of Immunity to Human Beta-Papillomaviruses. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1222. [PMID: 29946305 PMCID: PMC6005841 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is an autosomal recessive skin disorder with a phenotype conditional on human beta-papillomavirus (beta-HPV) infection. Such infections are common and asymptomatic in the general population, but in individuals with EV, they lead to the development of plane wart-like and red or brownish papules or pityriasis versicolor-like skin lesions, from childhood onwards. Most patients develop non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), mostly on areas of UV-exposed skin, from the twenties or thirties onwards. At least half of the cases of typical EV are caused by biallelic loss-of-function mutations of TMC6/EVER1 or TMC8/EVER2. The cellular and molecular basis of disease in TMC/EVER-deficient patients is unknown, but a defect of keratinocyte-intrinsic immunity to beta-HPV is suspected. Indeed, these patients are not susceptible to other infectious diseases and have apparently normal leukocyte development. In contrast, patients with an atypical form of EV due to inborn errors of T-cell immunity invariably develop clinical symptoms of EV in the context of other infectious diseases. The features of the typical and atypical forms of EV thus suggest that the control of beta-HPV infections requires both EVER1/EVER2-dependent keratinocyte-intrinsic immunity and T cell-dependent adaptive immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J de Jong
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York NY, United States
| | - Elias Imahorn
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Itin
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jouni Uitto
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA, United States
| | | | - Emmanuelle Jouanguy
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York NY, United States.,INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York NY, United States.,INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,Pediatric Hematology and Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York NY, United States
| | - Bettina Burger
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|