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Schiavio A, Maes PJ, van der Schyff D. The dynamics of musical participation. MUSICAE SCIENTIAE : THE JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN SOCIETY FOR THE COGNITIVE SCIENCES OF MUSIC 2022; 26:604-626. [PMID: 36090466 PMCID: PMC9449429 DOI: 10.1177/1029864920988319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we argue that our comprehension of musical participation-the complex network of interactive dynamics involved in collaborative musical experience-can benefit from an analysis inspired by the existing frameworks of dynamical systems theory and coordination dynamics. These approaches can offer novel theoretical tools to help music researchers describe a number of central aspects of joint musical experience in greater detail, such as prediction, adaptivity, social cohesion, reciprocity, and reward. While most musicians involved in collective forms of musicking already have some familiarity with these terms and their associated experiences, we currently lack an analytical vocabulary to approach them in a more targeted way. To fill this gap, we adopt insights from these frameworks to suggest that musical participation may be advantageously characterized as an open, non-equilibrium, dynamical system. In particular, we suggest that research informed by dynamical systems theory might stimulate new interdisciplinary scholarship at the crossroads of musicology, psychology, philosophy, and cognitive (neuro)science, pointing toward new understandings of the core features of musical participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Schiavio
- Andrea Schiavio, Centre for
Systematic Musicology, University of Graz, Glacisstraße 27a, Graz,
8010, Austria.
| | - Pieter-Jan Maes
- IPEM, Department of Art, Music, and
Theatre Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
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2
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Guglielmini S, Bopp G, Marcar VL, Scholkmann F, Wolf M. Systemic physiology augmented functional near-infrared spectroscopy hyperscanning: a first evaluation investigating entrainment of spontaneous activity of brain and body physiology between subjects. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:026601. [PMID: 35449706 PMCID: PMC9016073 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.2.026601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) enables measuring the brain activity of two subjects while they interact, i.e., the hyperscanning approach. Aim: In our exploratory study, we extended classical fNIRS hyperscanning by adding systemic physiological measures to obtain systemic physiology augmented fNIRS (SPA-fNIRS) hyperscanning while blocking and not blocking the visual communication between the subjects. This approach enables access brain-to-brain, brain-to-body, and body-to-body coupling between the subjects simultaneously. Approach: Twenty-four pairs of subjects participated in the experiment. The paradigm consisted of two subjects that sat in front of each other and had their eyes closed for 10 min, followed by a phase of 10 min where they made eye contact. Brain and body activity was measured continuously by SPA-fNIRS. Results: Our study shows that making eye contact for a prolonged time causes significant changes in brain-to-brain, brain-to-body, and body-to-body coupling, indicating that eye contact is followed by entrainment of the physiology between subjects. Subjects that knew each other generally showed a larger trend to change between the two conditions. Conclusions: The main point of this study is to introduce a new framework to investigate brain-to-brain, body-to-body, and brain-to-body coupling through a simple social experimental paradigm. The study revealed that eye contact leads to significant synchronization of spontaneous activity of the brain and body physiology. Our study is the first that employed the SPA-fNIRS approach and showed its usefulness to investigate complex interpersonal physiological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabino Guglielmini
- University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Department of Neonatology, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gino Bopp
- University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Department of Neonatology, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valentine L. Marcar
- University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Department of Neonatology, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Hospital Zürich, Comprehensive Cancer Center Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Scholkmann
- University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Department of Neonatology, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Wolf
- University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Department of Neonatology, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Zurich, Switzerland
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3
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Spinola S, De Vita MJ, Gilmour CE, Maisto SA. Effects of acute alcohol administration on working memory: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:695-708. [PMID: 35075512 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Alcohol-induced executive function deficits may underlie associations between alcohol, self-regulation, and hazardous behaviors. Studies examining the effects of alcohol administration on working memory, an important executive functioning component, have produced mixed findings. Acute alcohol effects on working memory remain unclear. OBJECTIVES We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of acute alcohol administration on working memory outcomes in studies of healthy adults. METHODS We performed a systematic search of PubMed, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO from inception to June 2021. Studies were included if they met criteria, including healthy participants and administration of quantified alcohol doses against comparative controls. Data extracted included primary working memory outcomes, alcohol doses, and study characteristics. Study quality was assessed using an established validity measure. Working memory task type, alcohol dose, control condition type, and sex/gender composition were explored as moderators using mixed-effects models and meta-regressions. RESULTS Thirty-two studies (1629 participants) provided sufficient data for 54 comparisons between alcohol and control conditions. Random-effects meta-analysis indicated that alcohol administration produced significant, small- to medium-sized working memory decrements (g [95% CI] = - 0.300 [- 0.390 to - 0.211], p < 0.001). Moderation analyses suggested that these effects differed as a function of task type, dose, control condition type, and sex/gender composition. The average quality rating across studies was good. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol administration significantly impaired working memory performance, particularly when executive-related manipulation processes were involved. Future research is needed to investigate how alcohol-induced working memory impairments relate to compromised self-regulation, hazardous behavior, and negative drinking consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Spinola
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA. .,VA Connecticut Healthcare System-West Haven, West Haven, CT, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, NY, USA.
| | - Martin J De Vita
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Behavioral Health, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Christina E Gilmour
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Stephen A Maisto
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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Exploring the Limitations of Event-Related Potential Measures in Moving Subjects: Pilot Studies of Four Different Technical Modifications in Ergometer Rowing. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20195618. [PMID: 33019577 PMCID: PMC7583081 DOI: 10.3390/s20195618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Measuring brain activity in moving subjects is of great importance for investigating human behavior in ecological settings. For this purpose, EEG measures are applicable; however, technical modifications are required to reduce the typical massive movement artefacts. Four different approaches to measure EEG/ERPs during rowing were tested: (i) a purpose-built head-mounted preamplifier, (ii) a laboratory system with active electrodes, and a wireless headset combined with (iii) passive or (iv) active electrodes. A standard visual oddball task revealed very similar (within subjects) visual evoked potentials for rowing and rest (without movement). The small intraindividual differences between rowing and rest, in comparison to the typically larger interindividual differences in the ERP waveforms, revealed that ERPs can be measured reliably even in an athletic movement such as rowing. On the other hand, the expected modulation of the motor-related activity by force output was largely affected by movement artefacts. Therefore, for a successful application of ERP measures in movement research, further developments to differentiate between movement-related neuronal activity and movement-related artefacts are required. However, activities with small magnitudes related to motor learning and motor control may be difficult to detect because they are superimposed by the very large motor potential, which increases with force output.
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Czeszumski A, Eustergerling S, Lang A, Menrath D, Gerstenberger M, Schuberth S, Schreiber F, Rendon ZZ, König P. Hyperscanning: A Valid Method to Study Neural Inter-brain Underpinnings of Social Interaction. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:39. [PMID: 32180710 PMCID: PMC7059252 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Social interactions are a crucial part of human life. Understanding the neural underpinnings of social interactions is a challenging task that the hyperscanning method has been trying to tackle over the last two decades. Here, we review the existing literature and evaluate the current state of the hyperscanning method. We review the type of methods (fMRI, M/EEG, and fNIRS) that are used to measure brain activity from more than one participant simultaneously and weigh their pros and cons for hyperscanning. Further, we discuss different types of analyses that are used to estimate brain networks and synchronization. Lastly, we present results of hyperscanning studies in the context of different cognitive functions and their relations to social interactions. All in all, we aim to comprehensively present methods, analyses, and results from the last 20 years of hyperscanning research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Czeszumski
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Sara Eustergerling
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Anne Lang
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - David Menrath
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Schuberth
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Felix Schreiber
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | | | - Peter König
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.,Institut für Neurophysiologie und Pathophysiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Lau-Zhu A, Lau MPH, McLoughlin G. Mobile EEG in research on neurodevelopmental disorders: Opportunities and challenges. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2019; 36:100635. [PMID: 30877927 PMCID: PMC6534774 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mobile electroencephalography (mobile EEG) represents a next-generation neuroscientific technology – to study real-time brain activity – that is relatively inexpensive, non-invasive and portable. Mobile EEG leverages state-of-the-art hardware alongside established advantages of traditional EEG and recent advances in signal processing. In this review, we propose that mobile EEG could open unprecedented possibilities for studying neurodevelopmental disorders. We first present a brief overview of recent developments in mobile EEG technologies, emphasising the proliferation of studies in several neuroscientific domains. As these developments have yet to be exploited by neurodevelopmentalists, we then identify three research opportunities: 1) increase in the ease and flexibility of brain data acquisition in neurodevelopmental populations; 2) integration into powerful developmentally-informative research designs; 3) development of innovative non-stationary EEG-based paradigms. Critically, we address key challenges that should be considered to fully realise the potential of mobile EEG for neurodevelopmental research and for understanding developmental psychopathology more broadly, and suggest future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Lau-Zhu
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Michael P H Lau
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gráinne McLoughlin
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Ikeda S, Nozawa T, Yokoyama R, Miyazaki A, Sasaki Y, Sakaki K, Kawashima R. Steady Beat Sound Facilitates both Coordinated Group Walking and Inter-Subject Neural Synchrony. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:147. [PMID: 28396632 PMCID: PMC5366316 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Group walking is a collective social interaction task as pedestrians are required to determine their own pace of walking on the basis of surrounding others’ states. The steady beat sound is known to be a controllable factor that contributes to relative success/failure of coordinated group walking since the beat improves pedestrian flow in congested situation. According to some reports, inter-personal interaction synchronizes inter-personal brain activity in the prefrontal region, which supports social cognitive processes required for successful inter-individual coordination, such as predicting each other’s state; success/failure of a coordinated task is associated with increase/decrease in inter-subject neural synchrony (INS). Combining these previous findings, we hypothesized that INS during group walking in congested situations would also differ depending on the existence of the steady beat, corresponding to the modulated coordination-related cognitive processes. Subjects’ frontopolar activities were measured using ultra-small near infrared spectroscopy, which can simultaneously measure the brain activities of multiple subjects without constraints on their motions. To exclude the possibility that increased INS may be spuriously induced by the shared stimuli (i.e., steady beat) or by the resultant behavioral synchronization, as control we used stepping on a same spot, which is similar in movement to walking but does not require the subjects to consider others’ states, either with or without the steady beat. In a two by two repeated measures factorial experimental design, the subjects were instructed to walk or keep stepping on a same spot with or without a steady beat sound of 70 beats per minute. As previously reported, the walking flow during group walking with the beat significantly increased compared with that without the beat. Synchronization of stepping between the subjects was also significantly increased by the steady beat sound. For INS, we observed a significant interaction effect between walking/stepping and sound/no-sound, supporting our hypothesis. INS while walking with the beat was higher than that without the beat, whereas the beat induced no significant differences in INS during stepping. Furthermore, the effect of the beat on INS while walking was spatially extended beyond the adjacent pedestrians, reflecting the diffuse nature of the collective coordination in group walking. The increase of INS for walking suggested that the steady beat sound led to more harmonized inter-personal cognitive processes, which resulted in the more coordinated group motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyuki Ikeda
- Department of Ubiquitous Sensing, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nozawa
- Department of Ubiquitous Sensing, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Yokoyama
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku UniversitySendai, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceTokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Miyazaki
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukako Sasaki
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan
| | - Kohei Sakaki
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Department of Ubiquitous Sensing, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku UniversitySendai, Japan; Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku UniversitySendai, Japan; Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku UniversitySendai, Japan
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Abstract
Interpersonal distance and gaze provide a wealth of information during face-to-face social interactions. These "proxemic" behaviors offer a window into everyday social cognition by revealing interactants' affective states (e.g., interpersonal attitudes) and cognitive responses (e.g., social attention). Here we provide a brief overview of the social psychological literature in this domain. We focus on new techniques for experimentally manipulating and measuring proxemics, including the use of immersive virtual environments and digital motion capture. We also discuss ways in which these approaches can be integrated with psychophysiological and neuroimaging techniques. Throughout, we argue that contemporary proxemics research provides psychology and neuroscience with a means to study social cognition and behavior as they naturally emerge and unfold in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cade McCall
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1A, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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Baecke S, Lützkendorf R, Mallow J, Luchtmann M, Tempelmann C, Stadler J, Bernarding J. A proof-of-principle study of multi-site real-time functional imaging at 3T and 7T: Implementation and validation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8413. [PMID: 25672521 PMCID: PMC4325335 DOI: 10.1038/srep08413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Real-time functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rtfMRI) is used mainly for neurofeedback or for brain-computer interfaces (BCI). But multi-site rtfMRI could in fact help in the application of new interactive paradigms such as the monitoring of mutual information flow or the controlling of objects in shared virtual environments. For that reason, a previously developed framework that provided an integrated control and data analysis of rtfMRI experiments was extended to enable multi-site rtfMRI. Important new components included a data exchange platform for analyzing the data of both MR scanners independently and/or jointly. Information related to brain activation can be displayed separately or in a shared view. However, a signal calibration procedure had to be developed and integrated in order to permit the connecting of sites that had different hardware and to account for different inter-individual brain activation levels. The framework was successfully validated in a proof-of-principle study with twelve volunteers. Thus the overall concept, the calibration of grossly differing signals, and BCI functionality on each site proved to work as required. To model interactions between brains in real-time, more complex rules utilizing mutual activation patterns could easily be implemented to allow for new kinds of social fMRI experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Baecke
- Institute for Biometry and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg
| | - Ralf Lützkendorf
- Institute for Biometry and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg
| | - Johannes Mallow
- Institute for Biometry and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg
| | | | | | | | - Johannes Bernarding
- Institute for Biometry and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg
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Koike T, Tanabe HC, Sadato N. Hyperscanning neuroimaging technique to reveal the "two-in-one" system in social interactions. Neurosci Res 2014; 90:25-32. [PMID: 25499683 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Using a technique for measuring brain activity simultaneously from two people, known as hyperscanning, we can calculate inter-brain neural effects that appear only in interactions between individuals. Hyperscanning studies using fMRI are advantageous in that they can precisely determine the region(s) involved in inter-brain effects. However, it is almost impossible to record inter-brain effects in daily life. By contrast, hyperscanning EEG studies have high temporal resolution and could be used to capture moment-to-moment interactions. In addition, EEG instrumentation is portable and easy to wear, offering the opportunity to record inter-brain effects during daily-life interactions. However, the disadvantage of this approach is that it is difficult to localize the epicenter of the inter-brain effect. fNIRS has better temporal resolution and portability than fMRI, but has limited spatial resolution and a limited ability to record deep brain structures. Future studies should employ hyperscanning EEG-fMRI, because this approach combines the high temporal resolution of EEG with the high spatial resolution of fMRI. Hyperscanning EEG-fMRI allows us to use inter-brain effects as neuromarkers of the properties of social interactions in daily life. We also wish to emphasize the need to develop a mathematical model explaining how two brains can exhibit synchronized activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Koike
- Division of Cerebral Integration, Department of Cerebral Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Hiroki C Tanabe
- Division of Psychology, Department of Social and Human Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Division of Cerebral Integration, Department of Cerebral Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Norihiro Sadato
- Division of Cerebral Integration, Department of Cerebral Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan
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Rangaswamy M, Porjesz B. Understanding alcohol use disorders with neuroelectrophysiology. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2014; 125:383-414. [PMID: 25307587 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-62619-6.00023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neurocognitive deficits associated with impairments in various brain regions and neural circuitries, particularly involving frontal lobes, have been associated with chronic alcoholism, as well as with a predisposition to develop alcohol use and related disorders (AUDs). AUD is a multifactorial disorder caused by complex interactions between behavioral, genetic, and environmental liabilities. Neuroelectrophysiologic techniques are instrumental in understanding brain and behavior relationships and have also proved very useful in evaluating the genetic diathesis of alcoholism. This chapter describes findings from neuroelectrophysiologic measures (electroencephalogram, event-related potentials, and event-related oscillations) related to acute and chronic effects of alcohol on the brain and those that reflect underlying deficits related to a predisposition to develop AUDs and related disorders. The utility of these measures as effective endophenotypes to identify and understand genes associated with brain electrophysiology, cognitive networks, and AUDs has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi Rangaswamy
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
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Scholkmann F, Holper L, Wolf U, Wolf M. A new methodical approach in neuroscience: assessing inter-personal brain coupling using functional near-infrared imaging (fNIRI) hyperscanning. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:813. [PMID: 24348362 PMCID: PMC3841755 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the first demonstration of how to simultaneously measure brain activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) on two subjects about 10 years ago, a new paradigm in neuroscience is emerging: measuring brain activity from two or more people simultaneously, termed “hyperscanning”. The hyperscanning approach has the potential to reveal inter-personal brain mechanisms underlying interaction-mediated brain-to-brain coupling. These mechanisms are engaged during real social interactions, and cannot be captured using single-subject recordings. In particular, functional near-infrared imaging (fNIRI) hyperscanning is a promising new method, offering a cost-effective, easy to apply and reliable technology to measure inter-personal interactions in a natural context. In this short review we report on fNIRI hyperscanning studies published so far and summarize opportunities and challenges for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Scholkmann
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich Zurich, Switzerland ; Institute for Complementary Medicine, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Holper
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Wolf
- Institute for Complementary Medicine, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Wolf
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
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A wearable multi-channel fNIRS system for brain imaging in freely moving subjects. Neuroimage 2013; 85 Pt 1:64-71. [PMID: 23810973 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a versatile neuroimaging tool with an increasing acceptance in the neuroimaging community. While often lauded for its portability, most of the fNIRS setups employed in neuroscientific research still impose usage in a laboratory environment. We present a wearable, multi-channel fNIRS imaging system for functional brain imaging in unrestrained settings. The system operates without optical fiber bundles, using eight dual wavelength light emitting diodes and eight electro-optical sensors, which can be placed freely on the subject's head for direct illumination and detection. Its performance is tested on N=8 subjects in a motor execution paradigm performed under three different exercising conditions: (i) during outdoor bicycle riding, (ii) while pedaling on a stationary training bicycle, and (iii) sitting still on the training bicycle. Following left hand gripping, we observe a significant decrease in the deoxyhemoglobin concentration over the contralateral motor cortex in all three conditions. A significant task-related ΔHbO2 increase was seen for the non-pedaling condition. Although the gross movements involved in pedaling and steering a bike induced more motion artifacts than carrying out the same task while sitting still, we found no significant differences in the shape or amplitude of the HbR time courses for outdoor or indoor cycling and sitting still. We demonstrate the general feasibility of using wearable multi-channel NIRS during strenuous exercise in natural, unrestrained settings and discuss the origins and effects of data artifacts. We provide quantitative guidelines for taking condition-dependent signal quality into account to allow the comparison of data across various levels of physical exercise. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of functional NIRS brain imaging during an outdoor activity in a real life situation in humans.
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Gevins A, Chan CS, Jiang A, Sam-Vargas L. Neurophysiological pharmacodynamic measures of groups and individuals extended from simple cognitive tasks to more "lifelike" activities. Clin Neurophysiol 2013; 124:870-80. [PMID: 23194853 PMCID: PMC3594131 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extend a method to track neurophysiological pharmacodynamics during repetitive cognitive testing to a more complex "lifelike" task. METHODS Alcohol was used as an exemplar psychoactive substance. An equation, derived in an exploratory analysis to detect alcohol's EEGs effects during repetitive cognitive testing, was validated in a Confirmatory Study on a new group whose EEGs after alcohol and placebo were recorded during working memory testing and while operating an automobile driving simulator. RESULTS The equation recognized alcohol by combining five times beta plus theta power. It worked well (p < .0001) when applied to both tasks in the confirmatory group. The maximum EEG effect occurred 2-2.5 h after drinking (>1 h after peak BAC) and remained at 90% at 3.5-4 h (BAC < 50% of peak). Individuals varied in the magnitude and timing of the EEG effect. CONCLUSION The equation tracked the EEG response to alcohol in the Confirmatory Study during both repetitive cognitive testing and a more complex "lifelike" task. The EEG metric was more sensitive to alcohol than several autonomic physiological measures, task performance measures or self-reports. SIGNIFICANCE Using EEG as a biomarker to track neurophysiological pharmacodynamics during complex "lifelike" activities may prove useful for assessing how drugs affect integrated brain functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Gevins
- San Francisco Brain Research Institute & SAM Technology, San Francisco, CA 94131, USA.
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