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Holtbernd F, Hohenfeld C, Oertel WH, Knake S, Sittig E, Romanzetti S, Heidbreder A, Michels J, Dogan I, Schulz JB, Schiefer J, Janzen A, Reetz K. The functional brain connectome in isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and Parkinson's disease. Sleep Med 2024; 117:184-191. [PMID: 38555837 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isolated rapid-eye-movement behavior disorder (iRBD) often precedes the development of alpha-synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have revealed structural brain alterations in iRBD partially resembling those observed in PD. However, relatively little is known about whole-brain functional brain alterations in iRBD. Here, we characterize the functional brain connectome of iRBD compared with PD patients and healthy controls (HC) using resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI). METHODS Eighteen iRBD subjects (67.3 ± 6.6 years), 18 subjects with PD (65.4 ± 5.8 years), and 39 age- and sex-matched HC (64.4 ± 9.2 years) underwent rs-fMRI at 3 T. We applied a graph theoretical approach to analyze the brain functional connectome at the global and regional levels. Data were analyzed using both frequentist and Bayesian statistics. RESULTS Global connectivity was largely preserved in iRBD and PD individuals. In contrast, both disease groups displayed altered local connectivity mainly in the motor network, temporal cortical regions including the limbic system, and the visual system. There were some group specific alterations, and connectivity changes were pronounced in PD individuals. Overall, however, there was a good agreement of the connectome changes observed in both disease groups. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence for widespread functional brain connectivity alterations in iRBD, including motor circuitry, despite normal motor function. Connectome alterations showed substantial resemblance with those observed in PD, underlining a close pathophysiological relationship of iRBD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Holtbernd
- RWTH Aachen University, Department of Neurology, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Juelich Research Center GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4/INM-11), Juelich Research Center, Juelich, Germany
| | - Christian Hohenfeld
- RWTH Aachen University, Department of Neurology, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Juelich Research Center GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Oertel
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Knake
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; CMBB, Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Sittig
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sandro Romanzetti
- RWTH Aachen University, Department of Neurology, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Juelich Research Center GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anna Heidbreder
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jennifer Michels
- RWTH Aachen University, Department of Neurology, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Juelich Research Center GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Imis Dogan
- RWTH Aachen University, Department of Neurology, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Juelich Research Center GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jörg B Schulz
- RWTH Aachen University, Department of Neurology, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Juelich Research Center GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Annette Janzen
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Reetz
- RWTH Aachen University, Department of Neurology, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Juelich Research Center GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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Miletínová E, Piorecký M, Koudelka V, Jiříček S, Tomeček D, Brunovský M, Horáček J, Bušková J. Alterations of sleep initiation in NREM parasomnia after sleep deprivation - A multimodal pilot study. Sleep Med X 2023; 6:100086. [PMID: 37745863 PMCID: PMC10511487 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleepx.2023.100086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives NREM parasomnias also known as disorders of arousal (DOA) are characterised by abnormal motor and autonomic activation during arousals primarily from slow wave sleep. Dissociative state between sleep and wake is likely responsible for clinical symptoms of DOA. We therefore investigated potential dissociation outside of parasomnic events by using simultaneous 256-channel EEG (hdEEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods Eight DOA patients (3 women, mean age = 27.8; SD = 4.2) and 8 gender and age matched healthy volunteers (3 women, mean age = 26,5; SD = 4.0) were included into the study. They underwent 30-32 h of sleep deprivation followed by hdEEG and fMRI recording. We determined 2 conditions: falling asleep (FA) and arousal (A), that occurred outside of deep sleep and/or parasomnic event. We used multimodal approach using data obtained from EEG, fMRI and EEG-fMRI integration approach. Results DOA patients showed increase in delta and beta activity over postcentral gyrus and cuneus during awakening period. This group expressed increased connectivity between motor cortex and cingulate during arousals unrelated to parasomnic events in the beta frequency band. They also showed lower connectivity between different portions of cingulum. In contrast, the greater connectivity was found between thalamus and some cortical areas, such as occipital cortex. Conclusion Our findings suggest a complex alteration in falling asleep and arousal mechanisms at both subcortical and cortical levels in response to sleep deprivation. As this alteration is present also outside of slow wave sleep and/or parasomnic episodes we believe this could be a trait factor of DOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Miletínová
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Ruská 87, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M. Piorecký
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, CTU in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V. Koudelka
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, CTU in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - S. Jiříček
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Institute of Computer Science, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D. Tomeček
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Institute of Computer Science, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M. Brunovský
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Ruská 87, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J. Horáček
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Ruská 87, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J. Bušková
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Ruská 87, Prague, Czech Republic
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Barbero JA, Unadkat P, Choi YY, Eidelberg D. Functional Brain Networks to Evaluate Treatment Responses in Parkinson's Disease. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:1653-1668. [PMID: 37684533 PMCID: PMC10684458 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-023-01433-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Network analysis of functional brain scans acquired with [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET, to map cerebral glucose metabolism), or resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI, to map blood oxygen level-dependent brain activity) has increasingly been used to identify and validate reproducible circuit abnormalities associated with neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). In addition to serving as imaging markers of the underlying disease process, these networks can be used singly or in combination as an adjunct to clinical diagnosis and as a screening tool for therapeutics trials. Disease networks can also be used to measure rates of progression in natural history studies and to assess treatment responses in individual subjects. Recent imaging studies in PD subjects scanned before and after treatment have revealed therapeutic effects beyond the modulation of established disease networks. Rather, other mechanisms of action may be at play, such as the induction of novel functional brain networks directly by treatment. To date, specific treatment-induced networks have been described in association with novel interventions for PD such as subthalamic adeno-associated virus glutamic acid decarboxylase (AAV2-GAD) gene therapy, as well as sham surgery or oral placebo under blinded conditions. Indeed, changes in the expression of these networks with treatment have been found to correlate consistently with clinical outcome. In aggregate, these attributes suggest a role for functional brain networks as biomarkers in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- János A Barbero
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
| | - Prashin Unadkat
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Yoon Young Choi
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - David Eidelberg
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
- Molecular Medicine and Neurology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA.
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Isler B, Neff P, Kleinjung T. [Functional neuroimaging options for tinnitus]. HNO 2023; 71:640-647. [PMID: 37382658 PMCID: PMC10520110 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-023-01319-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiology behind tinnitus is still not well understood. Different imaging methods help in the understanding of the complex relationships that lead to the perception of tinnitus. OBJECTIVE Herein, different functional imaging methods that can be used in the study of tinnitus are presented. MATERIALS AND METHODS Considering the recent literature on the subject, the relevant imaging methods used in tinnitus research are discussed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Functional imaging can reveal correlates of tinnitus. Due to the still limited temporal and spatial resolution of current imaging modalities, a conclusive explanation of tinnitus remains elusive. With increasing use of functional imaging, additional important insights into the explanation of tinnitus will be gained in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Isler
- Klinik für Ohren‑, Nasen‑, Hals- und Gesichtschirurgie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Schweiz.
- Klinik für Ohren‑, Nasen‑, Hals- und Gesichtschirurgie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Frauenklinikstr. 24, 8091, Zürich, Schweiz.
| | - Patrick Neff
- Klinik für Ohren‑, Nasen‑, Hals- und Gesichtschirurgie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Schweiz
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Deutschland
- Neuro-X Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Schweiz
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Universität Salzburg, Salzburg, Österreich
| | - Tobias Kleinjung
- Klinik für Ohren‑, Nasen‑, Hals- und Gesichtschirurgie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Schweiz
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van Heusden FC, van Nifterick AM, Souza BC, França ASC, Nauta IM, Stam CJ, Scheltens P, Smit AB, Gouw AA, van Kesteren RE. Neurophysiological alterations in mice and humans carrying mutations in APP and PSEN1 genes. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:142. [PMID: 37608393 PMCID: PMC10464047 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01287-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies in animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have provided valuable insights into the molecular and cellular processes underlying neuronal network dysfunction. Whether and how AD-related neurophysiological alterations translate between mice and humans remains however uncertain. METHODS We characterized neurophysiological alterations in mice and humans carrying AD mutations in the APP and/or PSEN1 genes, focusing on early pre-symptomatic changes. Longitudinal local field potential recordings were performed in APP/PS1 mice and cross-sectional magnetoencephalography recordings in human APP and/or PSEN1 mutation carriers. All recordings were acquired in the left frontal cortex, parietal cortex, and hippocampus. Spectral power and functional connectivity were analyzed and compared with wildtype control mice and healthy age-matched human subjects. RESULTS APP/PS1 mice showed increased absolute power, especially at higher frequencies (beta and gamma) and predominantly between 3 and 6 moa. Relative power showed an overall shift from lower to higher frequencies over almost the entire recording period and across all three brain regions. Human mutation carriers, on the other hand, did not show changes in power except for an increase in relative theta power in the hippocampus. Mouse parietal cortex and hippocampal power spectra showed a characteristic peak at around 8 Hz which was not significantly altered in transgenic mice. Human power spectra showed a characteristic peak at around 9 Hz, the frequency of which was significantly reduced in mutation carriers. Significant alterations in functional connectivity were detected in theta, alpha, beta, and gamma frequency bands, but the exact frequency range and direction of change differed for APP/PS1 mice and human mutation carriers. CONCLUSIONS Both mice and humans carrying APP and/or PSEN1 mutations show abnormal neurophysiological activity, but several measures do not translate one-to-one between species. Alterations in absolute and relative power in mice should be interpreted with care and may be due to overexpression of amyloid in combination with the absence of tau pathology and cholinergic degeneration. Future studies should explore whether changes in brain activity in other AD mouse models, for instance, those also including tau pathology, provide better translation to the human AD continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fran C van Heusden
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081HV, The Netherlands
| | - Anne M van Nifterick
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, 1081HV, The Netherlands
- Clinical Neurophysiology and MEG Center, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, 1081HV, The Netherlands
| | - Bryan C Souza
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, 6525AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur S C França
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, 6525AJ, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, 1105 BA, The Netherlands
| | - Ilse M Nauta
- MS Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, 1081HV, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J Stam
- Clinical Neurophysiology and MEG Center, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, 1081HV, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, 1081HV, The Netherlands
| | - August B Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081HV, The Netherlands
| | - Alida A Gouw
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, 1081HV, The Netherlands
- Clinical Neurophysiology and MEG Center, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, 1081HV, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald E van Kesteren
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081HV, The Netherlands.
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von Känel R. Unraveling the connection: Tracing the link between neurobiological and peripheral physiological responses to acute stress, and long-term cardiovascular risk. J Psychosom Res 2023:111431. [PMID: 37414618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland von Känel
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Byun JI, Jahng GH, Ryu CW, Park S, Lee KH, Hong SO, Jung KY, Shin WC. Altered intrinsic brain functional network dynamics in moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Med 2023; 101:550-557. [PMID: 36577226 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can affect temporal fluctuations in brain activity during rest. Dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) captures the fluctuations in FC during the resting state. This study aimed to investigate differences in dFC between moderate-to-severe OSA patients and healthy controls using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and sliding-window analysis. METHODS Thirty-seven consecutive patients with moderate-to-severe OSA and 16 age- and sex-matched controls underwent resting-state fMRI in the morning following overnight polysomnography. The dynamics of aberrant FC between the groups and the correlation between the dynamics and clinical variables were evaluated. RESULTS dFC analysis revealed two distinct connectivity states: hypoconnected (State I) and hyperconnected (State II). In OSA patients, State I occurred 34% more often than in the controls and the occurrence of State II was proportionally reduced. The time in State I positively correlated with the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index score in the OSA patients. CONCLUSIONS This study showed dFC alterations in moderate-to-severe OSA patients, which may serve as a novel physiological biomarker for OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ick Byun
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Geon-Ho Jahng
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Woo Ryu
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonchan Park
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Hee Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ok Hong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kyung Hee University College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Young Jung
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Chul Shin
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicine, AgeTech-service Convergence Major, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Reddy P, Shewokis PA, Izzetoglu K. Individual differences in skill acquisition and transfer assessed by dual task training performance and brain activity. Brain Inform 2022; 9:9. [PMID: 35366168 PMCID: PMC8976865 DOI: 10.1186/s40708-022-00157-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessment of expertise development during training program primarily consists of evaluating interactions between task characteristics, performance, and mental load. Such a traditional assessment framework may lack consideration of individual characteristics when evaluating training on complex tasks, such as driving and piloting, where operators are typically required to execute multiple tasks simultaneously. Studies have already identified individual characteristics arising from intrinsic, context, strategy, personality, and preference as common predictors of performance and mental load. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of individual difference in skill acquisition and transfer using an ecologically valid dual task, behavioral, and brain activity measures. Specifically, we implemented a search and surveillance task (scanning and identifying targets) using a high-fidelity training simulator for the unmanned aircraft sensor operator, acquired behavioral measures (scan, not scan, over scan, and adaptive target find scores) using simulator-based analysis module, and measured brain activity changes (oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin) from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) using a portable functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) sensor array. The experimental protocol recruited 13 novice participants and had them undergo three easy and two hard sessions to investigate skill acquisition and transfer, respectively. Our results from skill acquisition sessions indicated that performance on both tasks did not change when individual differences were not accounted for. However inclusion of individual differences indicated that some individuals improved only their scan performance (Attention-focused group), while others improved only their target find performance (Accuracy-focused group). Brain activity changes during skill acquisition sessions showed that mental load decreased in the right anterior medial PFC (RAMPFC) in both groups regardless of individual differences. However, mental load increased in the left anterior medial PFC (LAMPFC) of Attention-focused group and decreased in the Accuracy-focused group only when individual differences were included. Transfer results showed no changes in performance regardless of grouping based on individual differences; however, mental load increased in RAMPFC of Attention-focused group and left dorsolateral PFC (LDLPFC) of Accuracy-focused group. Efficiency and involvement results suggest that the Attention-focused group prioritized the scan task, while the Accuracy-focused group prioritized the target find task. In conclusion, training on multitasks results in individual differences. These differences may potentially be due to individual preference. Future studies should incorporate individual differences while assessing skill acquisition and transfer during multitask training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratusha Reddy
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, 3508 Market St Suite 100, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Patricia A Shewokis
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, 3508 Market St Suite 100, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Nutrition Sciences Department-College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, 1601 Cherry St Free Parkway, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.,School of Education, 3401 Market Street 3rd Floor Suite 3000, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kurtulus Izzetoglu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, 3508 Market St Suite 100, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,School of Education, 3401 Market Street 3rd Floor Suite 3000, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Abstract
In this work, we introduce a deep learning architecture for evaluation on multimodal electroencephalographic (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) recordings from 40 epileptic patients. Long short-term memory units and convolutional neural networks are integrated within a multimodal sequence-to-sequence autoencoder. The trained neural network predicts fNIRS signals from EEG, sans a priori, by hierarchically extracting deep features from EEG full spectra and specific EEG frequency bands. Results show that higher frequency EEG ranges are predictive of fNIRS signals with the gamma band inputs dominating fNIRS prediction as compared to other frequency envelopes. Seed based functional connectivity validates similar patterns between experimental fNIRS and our model's fNIRS reconstructions. This is the first study that shows it is possible to predict brain hemodynamics (fNIRS) from encoded neural data (EEG) in the resting human epileptic brain based on power spectrum amplitude modulation of frequency oscillations in the context of specific hypotheses about how EEG frequency bands decode fNIRS signals.
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Witjes B, Baillet S, Roy M, Oostenveld R, J.P.M. Huygen F, C. de Vos C. Magnetoencephalography reveals increased slow-to-fast alpha power ratios in patients with chronic pain. Pain Rep 2021; 6:e928. [PMID: 34104837 PMCID: PMC8177875 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Objective disease markers are a key for diagnosis and personalized interventions. In chronic pain, such markers are still not available, and therapy relies on individual patients' reports. However, several pain studies have reported group-based differences in functional magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography, and magnetoencephalography (MEG). OBJECTIVES We aimed to explore spectral differences in resting-state MEG brain signals between patients with chronic pain and pain-free controls and to characterize the cortical and subcortical regions involved. METHODS We estimated power spectral density over 5 minutes of resting-state MEG recordings in patients with chronic pain and controls and derived 7 spectral features at the sensor and source levels: alpha peak frequency, alpha power ratio (power 7-9 Hz divided by power 9-11 Hz), and average power in theta, alpha, beta, low-gamma, and high-gamma bands. We performed nonparametric permutation t tests (false discovery rate corrected) to assess between-group differences in these 7 spectral features. RESULTS Twenty-one patients with chronic pain and 25 controls were included. No significant group differences were found in alpha peak frequency or average power in any frequency band. The alpha power ratio was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in patients with chronic pain at both the sensor and brain source levels. The brain regions showing significantly higher ratios included the occipital, parietal, temporal and frontal lobe areas, insular and cingulate cortex, and right thalamus. CONCLUSION The alpha power ratio is a simple, promising signal marker of chronic pain, affecting an expansive range of cortical and subcortical regions, including known pain-processing areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Witjes
- Center for Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sylvain Baillet
- McConnell Brain imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mathieu Roy
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Robert Oostenveld
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- NatMEG, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frank J.P.M. Huygen
- Center for Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cecile C. de Vos
- Center for Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- McConnell Brain imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Sun T, Qu F, Yadav B, Subramanian K, Jiang L, Haacke EM, Qian Z. Estimating cerebral venous oxygenation in human fetuses with ventriculomegaly using quantitative susceptibility mapping. Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 80:21-25. [PMID: 33845161 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to estimate venous blood oxygen saturation (SvO2) in the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) in fetal brains with ventriculomegaly (VM) using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). MATERIALS AND METHODS A radiofrequency spoiled gradient echo sequence was used to evaluate data on 19 fetuses with VM (gestational age(GA): median = 29.9 weeks (range 23 to 37.3 weeks)) and 20 healthy fetuses (GA: median = 30.9 (range 22.7 to 38.7 weeks)) at 1.5 T. Susceptibility weighted images encompassing the entire fetal brain were acquired within 1 min. An iterative, geometry constraint-based thresholded k-space division algorithm was used for generating QSM data of the fetal brain. The venous oxygen saturation was calculated using the magnetic susceptibility of the SSS obtained from the QSM data. Mixed-model analysis of variance and interobserver variability assessment were used to analyze the results. RESULTS The median SvO2 values in the entire VM cohort as well as for second and third trimester fetuses (with interquartile range) were: 67.8% (63.2%, 73.6%), 73.1% (69.1%, 77.3%) and 63.8% (59.4%, 68.1%), respectively. The corresponding median SvO2 value in the healthy control group was: 65.3% (58.3%, 68.2%), 67.5% (61.7%, 69.2%) and 60.8% (53.6%, 68.2%), respectively. However, the difference of SvO2 between VM and control groups was not significant at the p = 0.05 level (p = 0.076). The SvO2 was found decreasing significantly with GA in the healthy control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We report for the first time the estimation of cerebral SvO2 in human fetuses with VM using QSM. This measure of oxygen saturation might be beneficial in assessing and monitoring the metabolic status of the fetus in various clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Sun
- Department of Radiology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China; Department of Radiology, Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Feifei Qu
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Brijesh Yadav
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Ling Jiang
- Department of Radiology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - E Mark Haacke
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; The MRI Institute for Biomedical Research, Bingham Farms, MI, USA.
| | - Zhaoxia Qian
- Department of Radiology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Foucher JR, de Billy C, Jeanjean LC, Obrecht A, Mainberger O, Clauss JME, Schorr B, Lupu MC, de Sousa PL, Lamy J, Noblet V, Sauleau EA, Landré L, Berna F. A Brain Imaging-Based Diagnostic Biomarker for Periodic Catatonia: Preliminary Evidence Using a Bayesian Approach. Neuropsychobiology 2021; 79:352-365. [PMID: 31505494 DOI: 10.1159/000501830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Periodic catatonia (PC) is a psychomotor phenotype with a progressive-remitting course. While it can fit any disorder diagnosis of the schizoaffective spectrum, its core features consist of a mix of hypo- and hyperkinesias resulting in distortions of expressive movements such as grimacing and parakinesias. The replication of cerebral blood flow (CBF) increases in the left supplementary motor area (L-SMA) and lateral premotor cortex (L-LPM) in acute and remitting PC patients indicates that these increases could be used as diagnostic biomarkers. In this proof-of-concept study, 2 different MRI sequences were repeated on 3 separate days to get reliable measurement values of CBF in 9 PC and 26 non-PC patients during different cognitive tasks. Each patient was compared to 37 controls. In L-SMA [-9; +10; +60] and L-LPM [-46; -12; +43], a test was positive if the t value was >2.02 (α < 0.05; two tailed). The measurements had good analytical performance. Regarding the tests, their sensitivities and specificities were significantly different from the chance level on both measures, except for L-SMA sensitivities. When combining all the tests, among regions and methods, sensitivity was 98% (95% credible interval [CI] 76-100%) and specificity 88% (72-97%). Bayesian inferences of its negative predictive values for PC were >95% regardless of the context, while its positive predictive values reached 94% but only when used in combination with clinical criteria. The case-by-case analysis suggests that non-PC patients with neurological motor deficits are at risk to be false positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack René Foucher
- ICube - CNRS UMR 7357, Neurophysiology, FMTS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France, .,CEMNIS - Noninvasive Neuromodulation Center, University Hospital Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,
| | - Clément de Billy
- ICube - CNRS UMR 7357, Neurophysiology, FMTS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,CEMNIS - Noninvasive Neuromodulation Center, University Hospital Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ludovic Christophe Jeanjean
- ICube - CNRS UMR 7357, Neurophysiology, FMTS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,CEMNIS - Noninvasive Neuromodulation Center, University Hospital Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alexandre Obrecht
- CEMNIS - Noninvasive Neuromodulation Center, University Hospital Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Pôle de Psychiatrie, Santé Mentale et Addictologie, University Hospital Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivier Mainberger
- ICube - CNRS UMR 7357, Neurophysiology, FMTS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,CEMNIS - Noninvasive Neuromodulation Center, University Hospital Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julie Marie Estelle Clauss
- Pôle de Psychiatrie, Santé Mentale et Addictologie, University Hospital Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,SAGE - CNRS UMR 7363, FMTS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Benoit Schorr
- Pôle de Psychiatrie, Santé Mentale et Addictologie, University Hospital Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Physiopathologie et Psychopathologie Cognitive de la Schizophrénie - INSERM 1114, FMTS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | - Julien Lamy
- ICube - CNRS UMR 7357, Neurophysiology, FMTS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Noblet
- ICube - CNRS UMR 7357, Neurophysiology, FMTS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Erik André Sauleau
- Biostatistical Laboratory, iCube - CNRS UMR 7357, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Lionel Landré
- ICube - CNRS UMR 7357, Neurophysiology, FMTS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabrice Berna
- Pôle de Psychiatrie, Santé Mentale et Addictologie, University Hospital Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Physiopathologie et Psychopathologie Cognitive de la Schizophrénie - INSERM 1114, FMTS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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13
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Coelho DB, Bazán PR, Zimeo Morais GA, Balardin JB, Batista AX, de Oliveira CEN, Los Angeles E, Bernardo C, Sato JR, de Lima-Pardini AC. Frontal Hemodynamic Response During Step Initiation Under Cognitive Conflict in Older and Young Healthy People. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:216-223. [PMID: 32427282 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gait initiation is a daily challenge even for healthy individuals as it requires the timely coupling between the automatic anticipatory postural adjustment (APA) and the voluntary step according to the context. Modulation of this motor event has been thought to involve higher level brain control, including cognitive inhibitory circuitries. Despite the known participation of the supplementary motor area (SMA) in the modulation of some parameters of APA, the participation of areas controlling inhibition during gait initiation still needs to be investigated. In this study, the hemodynamic responses of the SMA and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) were assessed using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during a gait initiation task under cognitive conflict to select the foot to step (congruent [CON] and incongruent [INC] conditions). The older group (OG) showed worse inhibitory control than the young group (YG) along with more impairments in APA parameters. OG also had a lower amplitude of hemodynamic responses in both areas than YG in the INC. The INC increased the correlation between SMA and DLPFC only in the YG. Aging seems to impair the interaction between the hemodynamic responses of SMA and DLPFC, which influences APA performance in gait initiation under cognitive conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Boari Coelho
- Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Rodrigo Bazán
- Big Data Analytics - Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alana Xavier Batista
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Emanuele Los Angeles
- Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudionor Bernardo
- Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Ricardo Sato
- Center of Mathematics, Computing, and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea C de Lima-Pardini
- Laboratory of Integrative Motor Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Byun JI, Cha KS, Kim M, Lee WJ, Lee HS, Sunwoo JS, Shin JW, Kim TJ, Moon J, Lee ST, Jung KH, Chu K, Kim MH, Kim HJ, Shin WC, Lee SK, Jung KY. Altered insular functional connectivity in isolated REM sleep behavior disorder: a data-driven functional MRI study. Sleep Med 2021; 79:88-93. [PMID: 33485260 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Functional connectivity (FC) changes can occur prior to structural changes. This study aimed to evaluate data-driven whole-brain FC associated with isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) using multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA). METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 50 polysomnography-confirmed iRBD patients and 20 age- and sex-matched controls. We used MVPA implemented in the connectome-MVPA CONN toolbox to identify data-driven seed regions for post hoc seed-to-voxel connectivity analysis. The association between FC changes and clinical characteristics, including cognition, depression, autonomic function, and daytime sleepiness, was evaluated. RESULTS MVPA revealed one significant cluster located in the left posterior insular cortex. Seed-to-voxel FC analysis using the cluster as a seed showed significantly reduced FC with two clusters located in the precuneus in iRBD patients compared to the controls. The degree of FC was associated with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Korean version scores (r = 0.317, p = 0.025). CONCLUSION This study emphasizes the insula as an important neural correlate associated with iRBD that was associated with cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ick Byun
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang Su Cha
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minah Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han Sang Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun-Sang Sunwoo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Won Shin
- Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Tae-Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jangsup Moon
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Rare Disease Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soon-Tae Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Keun-Hwa Jung
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kon Chu
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Man-Ho Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Protein Metabolism and Neuroscience Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han-Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Chul Shin
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Kun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Ki-Young Jung
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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15
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Tozzi L, Staveland B, Holt-Gosselin B, Chesnut M, Chang SE, Choi D, Shiner M, Wu H, Lerma-Usabiaga G, Sporns O, Barch DM, Gotlib IH, Hastie TJ, Kerr AB, Poldrack RA, Wandell BA, Wintermark M, Williams LM. The human connectome project for disordered emotional states: Protocol and rationale for a research domain criteria study of brain connectivity in young adult anxiety and depression. Neuroimage 2020; 214:116715. [PMID: 32147367 PMCID: PMC8597395 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Through the Human Connectome Project (HCP) our understanding of the functional connectome of the healthy brain has been dramatically accelerated. Given the pressing public health need, we must increase our understanding of how connectome dysfunctions give rise to disordered mental states. Mental disorders arising from high levels of negative emotion or from the loss of positive emotional experience affect over 400 million people globally. Such states of disordered emotion cut across multiple diagnostic categories of mood and anxiety disorders and are compounded by accompanying disruptions in cognitive function. Not surprisingly, these forms of psychopathology are the leading cause of disability worldwide. The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative spearheaded by NIMH offers a framework for characterizing the relations among connectome dysfunctions, anchored in neural circuits and phenotypic profiles of behavior and self-reported symptoms. Here, we report on our Connectomes Related to Human Disease protocol for integrating an RDoC framework with HCP protocols to characterize connectome dysfunctions in disordered emotional states, and present quality control data from a representative sample of participants. We focus on three RDoC domains and constructs most relevant to depression and anxiety: 1) loss and acute threat within the Negative Valence System (NVS) domain; 2) reward valuation and responsiveness within the Positive Valence System (PVS) domain; and 3) working memory and cognitive control within the Cognitive System (CS) domain. For 29 healthy controls, we present preliminary imaging data: functional magnetic resonance imaging collected in the resting state and in tasks matching our constructs of interest ("Emotion", "Gambling" and "Continuous Performance" tasks), as well as diffusion-weighted imaging. All functional scans demonstrated good signal-to-noise ratio. Established neural networks were robustly identified in the resting state condition by independent component analysis. Processing of negative emotional faces significantly activated the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal and occipital cortices, fusiform gyrus and amygdalae. Reward elicited a response in the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal, parietal and occipital cortices, and in the striatum. Working memory was associated with activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal, parietal, motor, temporal and insular cortices, in the striatum and cerebellum. Diffusion tractography showed consistent profiles of fractional anisotropy along known white matter tracts. We also show that results are comparable to those in a matched sample from the HCP Healthy Young Adult data release. These preliminary data provide the foundation for acquisition of 250 subjects who are experiencing disordered emotional states. When complete, these data will be used to develop a neurobiological model that maps connectome dysfunctions to specific behaviors and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Tozzi
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brooke Staveland
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Megan Chesnut
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sarah E Chang
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David Choi
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Melissa Shiner
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hua Wu
- Center for Cognitive and Neurobiological Imaging, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Garikoitz Lerma-Usabiaga
- Psychology, Stanford University, CA, USA; BCBL. Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, Donostia - San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Olaf Sporns
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, IN, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Psychiatry & Radiology Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Adam B Kerr
- Center for Cognitive and Neurobiological Imaging, Stanford University, CA, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | | | - Brian A Wandell
- Center for Cognitive and Neurobiological Imaging, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | | | - Leanne M Williams
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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16
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Bennett CR, Bauer CM, Bailin ES, Merabet LB. Neuroplasticity in cerebral visual impairment (CVI): Assessing functional vision and the neurophysiological correlates of dorsal stream dysfunction. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 108:171-181. [PMID: 31655075 PMCID: PMC6949360 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral visual impairment (CVI) results from perinatal injury to visual processing structures and pathways and is the most common individual cause of pediatric visual impairment and blindness in developed countries. While there is mounting evidence demonstrating extensive neuroplastic reorganization in early onset, profound ocular blindness, how the brain reorganizes in the setting of congenital damage to cerebral (i.e. retro-geniculate) visual pathways remains comparatively poorly understood. Individuals with CVI exhibit a wide range of visual deficits and, in particular, present with impairments of higher order visual spatial processing (referred to as "dorsal stream dysfunction") as well as object recognition (associated with processing along the ventral stream). In this review, we discuss the need for ongoing work to develop novel, neuroscience-inspired approaches to investigate functional visual deficits in this population. We also outline the role played by advanced structural and functional neuroimaging in helping to elucidate the underlying neurophysiology of CVI, and highlight key differences with regard to patterns of neural reorganization previously described in ocular blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Bennett
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Corinna M Bauer
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Emma S Bailin
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Lotfi B Merabet
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, United States.
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17
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Spatial neglect is asymmetric orienting and action after a brain lesion, causing functional disability. It is common after a stroke; however, it is vastly underdocumented and undertreated. This article addresses the implementation gap in identifying and treating spatial neglect, to reduce disability and improve healthcare costs and burden. RECENT FINDINGS Professional organizations published recommendations to implement spatial neglect care. Physicians can lead an interdisciplinary team: functionally relevant spatial neglect assessment, evidence-based spatial retraining, and integrated spatial and vision interventions can optimize outcomes. Research also strongly suggests spatial neglect adversely affects motor systems. Spatial neglect therapy might thus "kick-start" rehabilitation and improve paralysis recovery. Clinicians can implement new techniques to detect spatial neglect and lead interdisciplinary teams to promote better, integrated spatial neglect care. Future studies of brain imaging biomarkers to detect spatial neglect, and real-world applicability of prism adaptation treatment, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Barrett
- Stroke Rehabilitation Research, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ, USA.
| | - K E Houston
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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18
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Shang CY, Sheng C, Yang LK, Chou TL, Gau SSF. Differential brain activations in adult attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder subtypes: a counting Stroop functional MRI study. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 12:882-890. [PMID: 28699075 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-017-9749-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although previous functional neuroimaging studies have found abnormal brain activations in individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), little was known about distinct brain dysfunctions across different ADHD subtypes. The objective of the present study was to investigate the abnormal brain activations associated with two ADHD subtypes, predominantly inattentive (ADHD-PI) and combined (ADHD-C) subtypes. Twenty-five adults with ADHD-PI, 25 with ADHD-C, and 30 healthy controls (HC) participated in this study. The brain function of the participants were assessed by using the counting Stroop task inside the scanner and the Conners' Continuous Performance Test (CCPT) outside the scanner. The HC group showed greater activations in the caudate nucleus and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) than the ADHD-PI and ADHD-C groups. The ADHD-PI group showed greater activations in the superior parietal lobule (SPL) than the ADHD-C group. In all participants with ADHD, we found negative correlations of activation in the left caudate and the left IFG with the standard deviation of the reaction time of the CCPT, and negative correlations of activation in the left SPL with the reaction time changes across different inter-stimulus intervals. Our results demonstrated altered brain activity in the frontostriatal networks of adults with ADHD-PI and the fronto-striato-parietal networks of adults with ADHD-C. Abnormalities in the parietal areas may represent the main difference between the ADHD-PI and ADHD-C subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yung Shang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Chia Sheng
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Kuang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Li Chou
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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19
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Abstract
BACKGROUND When participating in contact sports, (mild) head trauma is a common incident-observed in both professional and amateur sports. When head trauma results in transient neurological impairment, a sports-related concussion has occurred. Acute concussion, repetitive concussions, as well as cumulative "sub-concussive" head impacts may increase the risk of developing cognitive and behavioral deficits for athletes, as well as accelerated cerebral degeneration. While this concept has been well established for classic contact sports like American Football, Rugby, or Boxing, there is still an awareness gap for the role of sports-related concussion in the context of the world's most popular sport-Soccer. METHODS Here, we review the relevance of sport-related concussion for Soccer as well as its diagnosis and management. Finally, we provide insight into future directions for research in this field. RESULTS Soccer fulfills the criteria of a contact sport and is characterized by a high incidence of concussion. There is ample evidence that these events cause functional and structural cerebral disorders. Furthermore, heading, as a repeat sub-concussive impact, has been linked to structural brain changes and neurocognitive impairment. As a consequence, recommendations for the diagnosis and management of concussion in soccer have been formulated by consensus groups. In order to minimize the risk of repetitive concussion in soccer the rapid and reliable side-line diagnosis of concussion with adoption of a strict remove-from-play protocol is essential, followed by a supervised, graduated return-to-play protocol. Recent studies, however, demonstrate that adherence to these recommendations by players, coaches, clubs, and officials is insufficient, calling for stricter enforcement. In addition, future research to solidify the pathophysiological relevance of concussion for soccer athletes seems to be needed. Advanced neuroimaging and neurochemical biomarker analyses (e.g. S100β, tau and neurofilament light (NfL)) may assist in detecting concussion-related structural brain changes and selecting athletes at risk for irreversible damage. CONCLUSION Sports-related concussion represents a genuine neurosurgical field of interest. Given the high socioeconomic relevance, neurosurgeons should get involved in prevention and management of concussion in soccer.
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20
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Hautasaari P, Kujala UM, Tarkka IM. Detecting differences with magnetoencephalography of somatosensory processing after tactile and electrical stimuli. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 311:331-337. [PMID: 30218670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deviant stimuli within a standard, frequent stimulus train induce a cortical somatosensory mismatch response (SMMR). The SMMR reflects the brain's automatic mechanism for the detection of change in a somatosensory domain. It is usually elicited by electrical stimulation, which activates nerve fibers and receptors in superficial and deep skin layers, whereas tactile stimulation is closer to natural stimulation and activates uniform fiber types. We recorded SMMRs after electrical and tactile stimuli. METHOD 306-channel magnetoencephalography recordings were made with 16 healthy adults under two conditions: electrical (eSMMR) and tactile (tSMMR) stimulations. The SMMR protocol consisted of 1000 stimuli with 10% deviants to fingers. RESULTS Sensor-level analysis revealed stronger activation after deviant stimulation in bilateral channel locations approximately corresponding to parietal cortical areas within both stimulation conditions. Between conditions, deviant tSMMR showed stronger activation in the ipsilateral channels. Based on sensor-level results, two components, M50 and SMMR (40-58 and 110-185 ms), were compared at the source-level. Deviant stimulation elicited stronger contralateral SI activation during M50 component in both conditions. SMMR was observed with both conditions, activating contralateral SII after deviant stimulation. However, only tSMMR showed long latency activation in bilateral SI cortices. This suggests that there is an integration of both body sides during the automatic stages of tactile processing in SI cortices. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that tactile stimulation (tSMMR) is a feasible method for investigating the brain's mechanism for detecting somatosensory changes; this may extend the clinical utility of tSMMR for assessing disorders involving altered somatosensory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Hautasaari
- Health Sciences, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland; Jyväskylä Centre for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Urho M Kujala
- Health Sciences, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ina M Tarkka
- Health Sciences, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland; Jyväskylä Centre for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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21
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Foucher JR, Zhang YF, Roser M, Lamy J, De Sousa PL, Weibel S, Vidailhet P, Mainberger O, Berna F. A double dissociation between two psychotic phenotypes: Periodic catatonia and cataphasia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 86:363-369. [PMID: 29559372 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Schizophrenia as a single liability model was confronted to the multiple psychotic phenotypes model proposed by the Wernicke-Kleist-Leonhard school, focusing on two: periodic catatonia (PC) and cataphasia (C). Both are stable and heritable psychotic phenotypes with no crossed liability and are coming with the buildup of specific residual symptoms: impairment of psychomotricity for PC and a specific disorganization of thought and language in C. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was used as a biomarker. We attempted to refute the single phenotype model by looking at relevant and specific rCBF anomalies for PC and C, that would exceed anomalies in common relative to controls (CTR), i.e. looking for a double dissociation. Twenty subjects with PC, 9 subjects with C and 27 matched controls had two MRI QUIPSS-II arterial spin labeling sequences converted in rCBF. One SPM analysis was performed for each rCBF measurement and the results were given as the conjunction of both analysis. There was a clear double dissociation of rCBF correlates between PC and C, both being meaningful relative to their residual symptomatology. In PC: rCBF was increased in the left motor and premotor areas. In C: rCBF was decreased bilaterally in the temporo-parietal junctions. Conversely, in both (schizophrenia): rCBF was increased in the left striatum which is known to be an anti-psychotics' effect. This evidence refuts the single schizophrenia model and suggests better natural foundations for PC and C phenotypes. This pleads for further research on them and further research on naturally founded psychotic phenotypes. CLINICAL TRIAL Name of the registry: ClinicalTrials.gov Identification: NCT02868879.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack René Foucher
- ICube - CNRS UMR 7357, Neurophysiology, FMTS, University of Strasbourg, France; CEMNIS - Noninvasive Neuromodulation Center, University Hospital Strasbourg, France.
| | - Yi Fan Zhang
- ICube - CNRS UMR 7357, Neurophysiology, FMTS, University of Strasbourg, France
| | - Mathilde Roser
- ICube - CNRS UMR 7357, Neurophysiology, FMTS, University of Strasbourg, France; CEMNIS - Noninvasive Neuromodulation Center, University Hospital Strasbourg, France
| | - Julien Lamy
- ICube - CNRS UMR 7357, Neurophysiology, FMTS, University of Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Sébastien Weibel
- Physiopathologie et Psychopathologie Cognitive de la Schizophrénie - INSERM 1114, FMTS, University of Strasbourg, France; Pôle de Psychiatrie, Santé Mentale et Addictologie, University Hospital Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre Vidailhet
- Physiopathologie et Psychopathologie Cognitive de la Schizophrénie - INSERM 1114, FMTS, University of Strasbourg, France; Pôle de Psychiatrie, Santé Mentale et Addictologie, University Hospital Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivier Mainberger
- ICube - CNRS UMR 7357, Neurophysiology, FMTS, University of Strasbourg, France; CEMNIS - Noninvasive Neuromodulation Center, University Hospital Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabrice Berna
- Physiopathologie et Psychopathologie Cognitive de la Schizophrénie - INSERM 1114, FMTS, University of Strasbourg, France; Pôle de Psychiatrie, Santé Mentale et Addictologie, University Hospital Strasbourg, France
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22
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Abstract
Understanding the interactions between brain activity and behavior comprehensively in achieving optimal exercise performance in sports is still lacking. The existent research in this area has been limited by the constraints of sports environments and the robustness of the most suitable non-invasive functional neuroimaging methods (electroencephalography, EEG and functional near-infrared spectroscopy, fNIRS) to motion artifacts and noise. However, recent advances in brain mapping technology should improve the capabilities of the future brain imaging devices to assess and monitor the level of adaptive cognitive-motor performance during exercise in sports environments. The purpose of this position manuscript is to discuss the contributions and issues in behavioral neuroscience related to brain activity measured during exercise and in various sports. A first part aims to give an overview of EEG and fNIRS neuroimaging methods assessing electrophysiological activity and hemodynamic responses of the acute and chronic relation of physical exercise on the human brain. Then, methodological issues, such as the reliability of brain data during physical exertion, key limitations and possible prospects of fNIRS and EEG methods are provided. While the use of such methods in sports environments remains scarce and limited to controlled cycling task, new generation of wearable, whole-scalp EEG and fNIRS technologies could open up a range of new applications in sports sciences for providing neuroimaging-based biomarkers (hemodynamic and/or neural electrical signals) to various types of exercise and innovative training.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierre Besson
- Euromov-University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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23
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Giordano GM, Stanziano M, Papa M, Mucci A, Prinster A, Soricelli A, Galderisi S. Functional connectivity of the ventral tegmental area and avolition in subjects with schizophrenia: a resting state functional MRI study. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:589-602. [PMID: 29653743 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Avolition, a deficit in goal-directed behavior, is a key aspect of negative symptoms. It is highly prevalent in schizophrenia and is associated to poor functional outcome and to measures of real life motivation, indicating that central to the concept is the lack of interest and motivation. In this study we tested the hypothesis that avolition is related to altered connectivity within dopaminergic cortico-striatal circuits involved in motivation processes. Since dopamine input to these circuits derives mostly from the ventro-tegmental area (VTA), we investigated the relationships between the resting-state functional connectivity (RS-FC) of the VTA and avolition in twenty-six subjects with schizophrenia (SCZ), treated with second-generation antipsychotics only, compared to twenty-two healthy controls (HC). SCZ, in comparison to HC, showed significantly reduced RS-FC of the VTA with bilateral ventro-lateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), bilateral insular cortex (IC) and right (R) lateral occipital complex (LOC) and increased RS-FC of the VTA with bilateral dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Significant negative correlations were found between avolition and RS-FC of the VTA with the bilateral IC, R VLPFC and R LOC. According to our findings, avolition is linked to a disconnectivity of the VTA from several key cortical regions involved in the integration of value information with action selection. These findings are in line with translational animal models of "auto-activation apathy".
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Maria Giordano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Largo Madonna delle Grazie 1, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Stanziano
- Laboratory of Neuronal Networks, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luciano Armanni 5, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Papa
- Laboratory of Neuronal Networks, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luciano Armanni 5, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Armida Mucci
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Largo Madonna delle Grazie 1, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Anna Prinster
- Biostructure and Bioimaging Institute, National Research Council, Via De Amicis 95, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Soricelli
- Department of Motor Sciences & Healthiness, University of Naples "Parthenope", Via Medina 40, 80133 Naples, Italy; I.R.C.C.S. Research Institute SDN, Via Gianturco 113, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Silvana Galderisi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Largo Madonna delle Grazie 1, 80138 Naples, Italy
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24
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Kolossa A, Kopp B. Data quality over data quantity in computational cognitive neuroscience. Neuroimage 2018; 172:775-785. [PMID: 29329978 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed factors that may hamper the advancement of computational cognitive neuroscience (CCN). These factors include a particular statistical mindset, which paves the way for the dominance of statistical power theory and a preoccupation with statistical replicability in the behavioral and neural sciences. Exclusive statistical concerns about sampling error occur at the cost of an inadequate representation of the problem of measurement error. We contrasted the manipulation of data quantity (sampling error, by varying the number of subjects) against the manipulation of data quality (measurement error, by varying the number of data per subject) in a simulated Bayesian model identifiability study. The results were clear-cut in showing that - across all levels of signal-to-noise ratios - varying the number of subjects was completely inconsequential, whereas the number of data per subject exerted massive effects on model identifiability. These results emphasize data quality over data quantity, and they call for the integration of statistics and measurement theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Kolossa
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Bruno Kopp
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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25
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Urban A, Golgher L, Brunner C, Gdalyahu A, Har-Gil H, Kain D, Montaldo G, Sironi L, Blinder P. Understanding the neurovascular unit at multiple scales: Advantages and limitations of multi-photon and functional ultrasound imaging. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 119:73-100. [PMID: 28778714 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Developing efficient brain imaging technologies by combining a high spatiotemporal resolution and a large penetration depth is a key step for better understanding the neurovascular interface that emerges as a main pathway to neurodegeneration in many pathologies such as dementia. This review focuses on the advances in two complementary techniques: multi-photon laser scanning microscopy (MPLSM) and functional ultrasound imaging (fUSi). MPLSM has become the gold standard for in vivo imaging of cellular dynamics and morphology, together with cerebral blood flow. fUSi is an innovative imaging modality based on Doppler ultrasound, capable of recording vascular brain activity over large scales (i.e., tens of cubic millimeters) at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution for such volumes (up to 10μm pixel size at 10kHz). By merging these two technologies, researchers may have access to a more detailed view of the various processes taking place at the neurovascular interface. MPLSM and fUSi are also good candidates for addressing the major challenge of real-time delivery, monitoring, and in vivo evaluation of drugs in neuronal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Urban
- Neuroelectronics Research Flanders, Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Leuven, Belgium and/or IMEC, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Neurobiology Dept., Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Lior Golgher
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Clément Brunner
- Neuroelectronics Research Flanders, Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Leuven, Belgium and/or IMEC, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amos Gdalyahu
- Neurobiology Dept., Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Hagai Har-Gil
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - David Kain
- Neurobiology Dept., Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Gabriel Montaldo
- Neuroelectronics Research Flanders, Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Leuven, Belgium and/or IMEC, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura Sironi
- Physics Dept., Universita degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Italy
| | - Pablo Blinder
- Neurobiology Dept., Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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26
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de Lima-Pardini AC, Zimeo Morais GA, Balardin JB, Coelho DB, Azzi NM, Teixeira LA, Sato JR. Measuring cortical motor hemodynamics during assisted stepping - An fNIRS feasibility study of using a walker. Gait Posture 2017; 56:112-118. [PMID: 28544947 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Walkers are commonly prescribed worldwide to individuals unable to walk independently. Walker usage leads to improved postural control and voluntary movement during step. In the present study, we aimed to provide a concept-proof on the feasibility of an event-related protocol integrating the analyses of biomechanical variables of step initiation and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure activation of the supplementary motor area (SMA) while using a walker. Healthy young participants were tested while stepping with versus without the use of the walker. Behavioral analysis showed that anticipatory postural adjustments (APA) decreased when supporting the body weight on the walker. Delta (without-with) of activation magnitude of the muscle tibialis anterior was positively correlated to the delta of deoxyhemoglobin concentration changes in the SMA. The novelty of this study is the development of a protocol to assess brain function together with biomechanical analysis during the use of a walker. The method sheds light to the potential utility of combining fNIRS and biomechanical assessment during assistive step initiation, which can represent a new opportunity to study populations with mobility deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joana Bisol Balardin
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Center of Mathematics Computation and Cognition, São Bernardo do Campo 09210-180, Brazil; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Instituto do Cérebro, São Paulo 05652-900, Brazil
| | - Daniel Boari Coelho
- Human Motor Systems Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nametala Maia Azzi
- Human Motor Systems Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Augusto Teixeira
- Human Motor Systems Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Ricardo Sato
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Center of Mathematics Computation and Cognition, São Bernardo do Campo 09210-180, Brazil
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27
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Abstract
A limited number of studies using differing imaging approaches suggest that there are regional variation in the cerebrovascular response to hypercapnia and hypoxia. However there are limitations to these studies. In particular, it is not clear if existing studies of hypoxia have fully accounted for the confounding effects of the changes in arterial PCO2 on cerebral perfusion that, if uncontrolled, will accompany the hypoxic stimulus. We determined quantitative maps of grey matter cerebral blood flow using a multi-slice pulsed arterial spin labelling MRI method at 3 T at rest, during conditions of isocapnic euoxia, hypercapnia, and mild isocapnic hypoxia. From these data, we determined grey matter cerebrovascular reactivity maps which show the spatial distribution of the responses to these interventions. Whilst, overall, cerebral perfusion increased with hypercapnia and hypoxia, hypoxia cerebrovascular reactivity maps showed very high variation both within and between individuals: most grey matter regions exhibiting a positive cerebrovascular reactivity, but some exhibiting a negative reactivity. The physiological explanation for this variation remains unclear and it is not known if these local differences will vary with state or with regional brain activity. The potential interaction between hypoxic or hypercapnic cerebrovascular changes and neurally related changes in brain perfusion is of particular interest for functional imaging studies of brain activation in which arterial blood gases are altered. We have determined the interaction between global hypoxia and hypercapnia-induced blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) MRI signal and local neurally related BOLD signal. Although statistically significant interactions were present, physiologically the effects were weak and, in practice, they did not change the statistical outcome related to the analysis of the neurally related signals. These data suggest that such respiratory-related confounds can be successfully accounted for in functional imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leanne C McKay
- Neuroscience and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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28
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Abstract
Itch is a complex sensory and emotional experience. Functional brain imaging studies have been performed to identify brain regions associated with this complex experience, and these studies reported that several brain regions are activated by itch stimuli. The possible roles of these regions in itch perception and difference in cerebral mechanism between healthy subjects and chronic itch patients are discussed in this review article. Additionally, the central itch modulation system and cerebral mechanisms of contagious itch, pleasurable sensation evoked by scratching have also been investigated in previous brain imaging studies. We also discuss how these studies advance our understanding of these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan; Department of Dermatology and Temple Itch Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Ryusuke Kakigi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
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29
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Kobayashi T, Masuda H, Kitsumoto C, Haruta M, Motoyama M, Ohta Y, Noda T, Sasagawa K, Tokuda T, Shiosaka S, Ohta J. Functional brain fluorescence plurimetry in rat by implantable concatenated CMOS imaging system. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 53:31-6. [PMID: 24121224 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of brain activity in multiple areas simultaneously by minimally invasive methods contributes to the study of neuroscience and development of brain machine interfaces. However, this requires compact wearable instruments that do not inhibit natural movements. Application of optical potentiometry with voltage-sensitive fluorescent dye using an implantable image sensor is also useful. However, the increasing number of leads required for the multiple wired sensors to measure larger domains inhibits natural behavior. For imaging broad areas by numerous sensors without excessive wiring, a web-like sensor that can wrap the brain was developed. Kaleidoscopic potentiometry is possible using the imaging system with concatenated sensors by changing the alignment of the sensors. This paper describes organization of the system, evaluation of the system by a fluorescence imaging, and finally, functional brain fluorescence plurimetry by the sensor. The recorded data in rat somatosensory cortex using the developed multiple-area imaging system compared well with electrophysiology results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Kobayashi
- Division of Molecular Brain Science, Research Institute of Traditional Asian Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589 8511, Japan.
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30
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Cutfield NJ, Scott G, Waldman AD, Sharp DJ, Bronstein AM. Visual and proprioceptive interaction in patients with bilateral vestibular loss. Neuroimage Clin 2014; 4:274-82. [PMID: 25061564 PMCID: PMC4107374 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Following bilateral vestibular loss (BVL) patients gradually adapt to the loss of vestibular input and rely more on other sensory inputs. Here we examine changes in the way proprioceptive and visual inputs interact. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate visual responses in the context of varying levels of proprioceptive input in 12 BVL subjects and 15 normal controls. A novel metal-free vibrator was developed to allow vibrotactile neck proprioceptive input to be delivered in the MRI system. A high level (100 Hz) and low level (30 Hz) control stimulus was applied over the left splenius capitis; only the high frequency stimulus generates a significant proprioceptive stimulus. The neck stimulus was applied in combination with static and moving (optokinetic) visual stimuli, in a factorial fMRI experimental design. We found that high level neck proprioceptive input had more cortical effect on brain activity in the BVL patients. This included a reduction in visual motion responses during high levels of proprioceptive input and differential activation in the midline cerebellum. In early visual cortical areas, the effect of high proprioceptive input was present for both visual conditions but in lateral visual areas, including V5/MT, the effect was only seen in the context of visual motion stimulation. The finding of a cortical visuo-proprioceptive interaction in BVL patients is consistent with behavioural data indicating that, in BVL patients, neck afferents partly replace vestibular input during the CNS-mediated compensatory process. An fMRI cervico-visual interaction may thus substitute the known visuo-vestibular interaction reported in normal subject fMRI studies. The results provide evidence for a cortical mechanism of adaptation to vestibular failure, in the form of an enhanced proprioceptive influence on visual processing. The results may provide the basis for a cortical mechanism involved in proprioceptive substitution of vestibular function in BVL patients. A novel air turbine vibrotactile device for the MRI environment is developed. Neck proprioception and visual motion are applied in a factorial fMRI experiment. A cervico-visual fMRI interaction is shown in bilateral vestibular loss patients (BVL). This cervico-visual interaction in BVL mimics the normal visuo-vestibular interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Cutfield
- Department of Medicine & Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago & Neurology, Dunedin Hospital, Southern District Health Board, Dunedin, New Zealand ; Neuro-otology Unit, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Gregory Scott
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Adam D Waldman
- Department of Imaging, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, UK
| | - David J Sharp
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Adolfo M Bronstein
- Neuro-otology Unit, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, UK
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31
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Ford KA, Théberge J, Neufeld RJ, Williamson PC, Osuch EA. Correlation of brain default mode network activation with bipolarity index in youth with mood disorders. J Affect Disord 2013; 150:1174-8. [PMID: 23806586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Bipolar Disorder (BD) can be difficult to differentiate, as both feature depressive episodes. Here we have utilized fMRI and a measure of trait bipolarity to examine resting-state functional connectivity of brain activation in the default mode network in youth with MDD and BD to isolate trait-specific patterns. METHODS We collected resting-state fMRI scans from thirty youth (15 MDD; 15 BD, Type 1). The Bipolarity Index (BI) was completed by each patient's treating psychiatrist. Independent components analysis was used to extract a default mode network component from each participant, and then multiple regression was used to identify correlations between bipolarity and network activation. RESULTS Activation in putamen/claustrum/insula correlated positively with BI; activation in the postcentral gyrus/posterior cingulate gyrus correlated negatively with BI. These correlations did not appear to be driven by movement in the scanner, state depression, gender or lithium use. LIMITATIONS There were group differences in state depression and sex that needed to be statistically covaried; differences in medication use existed between the groups; sample size was not large. CONCLUSIONS The identification of the putamen/claustrum in our positive correlation may indicate a potential trait marker for the psychomotor activation unique to bipolar mania. The negative correlation in the postcentral gyrus/posterior cingulate suggests that this functional inactivation is more specific to MDD and is consistent with previous research. Ultimately, this approach may help to develop techniques to minimize the current clinical dilemma by facilitating the classification between BD and MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A Ford
- University of Western Ontario, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Psychiatry, London, Ontario, Canada
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32
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Piper SK, Krueger A, Koch SP, Mehnert J, Habermehl C, Steinbrink J, Obrig H, Schmitz CH. A wearable multi-channel fNIRS system for brain imaging in freely moving subjects. Neuroimage 2014; 85 Pt 1:64-71. [PMID: 23810973 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a versatile neuroimaging tool with an increasing acceptance in the neuroimaging community. While often lauded for its portability, most of the fNIRS setups employed in neuroscientific research still impose usage in a laboratory environment. We present a wearable, multi-channel fNIRS imaging system for functional brain imaging in unrestrained settings. The system operates without optical fiber bundles, using eight dual wavelength light emitting diodes and eight electro-optical sensors, which can be placed freely on the subject's head for direct illumination and detection. Its performance is tested on N=8 subjects in a motor execution paradigm performed under three different exercising conditions: (i) during outdoor bicycle riding, (ii) while pedaling on a stationary training bicycle, and (iii) sitting still on the training bicycle. Following left hand gripping, we observe a significant decrease in the deoxyhemoglobin concentration over the contralateral motor cortex in all three conditions. A significant task-related ΔHbO2 increase was seen for the non-pedaling condition. Although the gross movements involved in pedaling and steering a bike induced more motion artifacts than carrying out the same task while sitting still, we found no significant differences in the shape or amplitude of the HbR time courses for outdoor or indoor cycling and sitting still. We demonstrate the general feasibility of using wearable multi-channel NIRS during strenuous exercise in natural, unrestrained settings and discuss the origins and effects of data artifacts. We provide quantitative guidelines for taking condition-dependent signal quality into account to allow the comparison of data across various levels of physical exercise. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of functional NIRS brain imaging during an outdoor activity in a real life situation in humans.
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Abstract
It has since long been known, from everyday experience as well as from animal and human studies, that psychological processes-both affective and cognitive-exert an influence on gastrointestinal sensorimotor function. More specifically, a link between psychological factors and visceral hypersensitivity has been suggested, mainly based on research in functional gastrointestinal disorder patients. However, until recently, the exact nature of this putative relationship remained unclear, mainly due to a lack of non-invasive methods to study the (neurobiological) mechanisms underlying this relationship in non-sleeping humans. As functional brain imaging, introduced in visceral sensory neuroscience some 10 years ago, does provide a method for in vivo study of brain-gut interactions, insight into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying visceral sensation in general and the influence of psychological factors more particularly, has rapidly grown. In this article, an overview of brain imaging evidence on gastrointestinal sensation will be given, with special emphasis on the brain mechanisms underlying the interaction between affective & cognitive processes and visceral sensation. First, the reciprocal neural pathways between the brain and the gut (brain-gut axis) will be briefly outlined, including brain imaging evidence in healthy volunteers. Second, functional brain imaging studies assessing the influence of psychological factors on brain processing of visceral sensation in healthy humans will be discussed in more detail. Finally, brain imaging work investigating differences in brain responses to visceral distension between healthy volunteers and functional gastrointestinal disorder patients will be highlighted.
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