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Kardaş S, Çınaroğlu OS, Bora ES, Erbaş O. Gallic Acid Protects from Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 46:1-10. [PMID: 38275661 PMCID: PMC10814423 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, a leading global cause of morbidity and mortality, involves multiple organ dysfunction syndromes driven by free radical-mediated processes. Uncontrolled inflammation in early sepsis stages can lead to acute lung injury (ALI). Activated leukocytes generate reactive oxygen species, contributing to sepsis development. Gallic acid, a phenolic compound, is known for its antimicrobial properties. This study aims to observe gallic acid's protective and restorative effect on the lungs in an experimental sepsis model. Male Wistar albino rats were subjected to a feces intraperitoneal injection procedure (FIP) to induce sepsis. Four groups were formed: normal control, FIP alone, FIP with saline, and FIP with gallic acid. Gallic acid was administered intraperitoneally at 20 mg/kg/day. Blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis, and computed tomography assessed lung tissue histopathologically and radiologically. Gallic acid significantly decreased malondialdehyde, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, CRP levels, oxidative stress, and inflammation indicators. Lactic acid levels decreased, suggesting improved tissue oxygenation. Histopathological examinations revealed reduced lung damage in the gallic-acid-treated group. Computed tomography confirmed lower lung density, indicating less severe inflammation. Arterial blood gas analysis demonstrated improved oxygenation in gallic-acid-treated rats. Gallic acid exhibited anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, reducing markers of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. The findings support its potential to protect against ALI during sepsis. Comparable studies underline gallic acid's anti-inflammatory properties in different tissues. Early administration of gallic acid in sepsis models demonstrated protective effects against ALI, emphasizing its potential as an adjunct therapy to mitigate adverse outcomes. The study proposes gallic acid to reduce mortality rates and decrease the need for mechanical ventilation during sepsis-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Süleyman Kardaş
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kızıltepe State Hospital, Mardin 47400, Türkiye
| | - Osman Sezer Çınaroğlu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir 35270, Türkiye; (O.S.Ç.); (E.S.B.)
| | - Ejder Saylav Bora
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir 35270, Türkiye; (O.S.Ç.); (E.S.B.)
| | - Oytun Erbaş
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Demiroğlu Science University, Istanbul 34000, Türkiye;
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Zhang Y, Xia D, Li L, Gu Y, Shi L, Ma C, Gu H, Tian X. Thymosin α1 alleviates lung injury in sepsis rats via Notch signaling pathway. Panminerva Med 2023; 65:413-414. [PMID: 32077672 DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.20.03856-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yubao Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Di Xia
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lina Li
- Department of Nephrology, Qingdao No.9 People's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Gu
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chengtai Ma
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huali Gu
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xintao Tian
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China -
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3
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Prediction of acute lung injury in severe acute pancreatitis by routine clinical data. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 35:36-44. [PMID: 36468567 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
AIM Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common complication of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) with a high mortality. Early prediction of patients at risk in initial stage can improve the long-term survival. METHODS A total of 91 patients with SAP out of 1647 acute pancreatitis patients from January 2015 to December 2020 were considered. A predictive model for SAP-associated ALI was constructed based on the valuable risk factors identified from routine clinical characteristics and plasma biomarkers. The value of the model was evaluated and compared with Lung Injury Prediction Score (LIPS). A nomogram was built to visualize the model. RESULTS Diabetes, oxygen supplementation, neutrophil count and D-dimer were found to be associated with ALI in SAP. The predictive model based on these factors had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC: 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.81-0.95], which was superior to LIPS (AUC: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.60-0.83), also with the higher sensitivity (65%) and specificity (96%) than LIPS (62%, 74%, respectively). Decision curve analysis of the model showed a higher net benefit than LIPS. Visualization by a nomogram facilitated the application of the model. CONCLUSION Diabetes, oxygen supplementation, neutrophil count and D-dimer were risk factors for SAP-associated ALI. The combination of these routine clinical data and the model visualization by a nomogram provided a simple and effective way in predicting ALI in the early phase of SAP.
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Lv Z, Duan S, Zhou M, Gu M, Li S, Wang Y, Xia Q, Xu D, Mao Y, Dong W, Jiang L. Mouse Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Inhibit Sepsis-Induced Lung Injury in Mice via Exosomal SAA1. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:4254-4263. [PMID: 36173129 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a global disease burden, and approximately 40% of cases develop acute lung injury (ALI). Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) and their exosomes are widely used in treating a variety of diseases including sepsis. As an acute phase protein, serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) regulates inflammation and immunity. However, the role of SAA1 in BMSCs-exosomes in septic lung injury remains to be elucidated. Exosomes derived from serum and BMSCs were isolated by ultracentrifugation. SAA1 was silenced or overexpressed in mouse BMSCs using lentiviral plasmids, containing either SAA1-targeting short interfering RNAs or SAA1 cDNA. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). LPS was used to induce ALI in mice. Mouse alveolar macrophages were isolated by flow cytometry. Levels of SAA1, endotoxin, TNF-α, and IL-6 were measured using commercial kits. LPS internalization was monitored by immunostaining. RT-qPCR or immunoblots were performed to test gene and protein expressions. Serum exosomes of patients with sepsis-induced lung injury had significantly higher levels of SAA1, endotoxin, TNF-α, and IL-6. Overexpression of SAA1 in BMSCs inhibited CLP- or LPS-induced lung injury and decreased CLP- or LPS-induced endotoxin, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels. Administration of the SAA1 blocking peptide was found to partially inhibit SAA1-induced LPS internalization by mouse alveolar macrophages and reverse the protective effect of SAA1. In conclusion, BMSCs inhibit sepsis-induced lung injury through exosomal SAA1. These results highlight the importance of BMSCs, exosomes, and SAA1, which may provide novel directions for the treatment of septic lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.1665, Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shuxian Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.1665, Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Miao Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.1665, Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Minglu Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.1665, Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Siyuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.1665, Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.1665, Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qin Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.1665, Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Dunfeng Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.1665, Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanfei Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.1665, Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenwen Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.1665, Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lai Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.1665, Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200092, China
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Lee YY, Yuk HJ, Saba E, Kim SD, Kim DS, Kopalli SR, Oh JW, Rhee MH. Duchesnea indica Extract Ameliorates LPS-Induced Septic Shock in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:5783867. [PMID: 35607518 PMCID: PMC9124116 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5783867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective Duchesnea indica has been reported for its anti-inflammatory properties. However, its efficacy in sepsis has yet to be reported. In this study, we studied the ability of Duchesnea indica extract (DIE) to rescue mice from septic shock and sepsis. Methods In vitro studies included the measurement of secreted nitric oxide, cell viability, gene and protein expression via real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot, and confocal microscopy in RAW 264.7 cells. In vivo studies include a model of septic shock and sepsis in BALB/c mice induced by a lethal and sub-lethal dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Results DIE suppressed the expression of proinflammatory cytokines induced by LPS and prevented the translocation of NFκB into the nucleus of RAW 264.7 cells. It also prevented reactive oxygen species damage induced by LPS in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages. Models of sepsis and septic shock were established in BALB/c mice and DIE-rescued mice from septic shock. DIE also reversed the increase in tumor necrosis factor-α and nitrite levels in the serum of mice induced with sepsis. DIE also prevented the translocation of NFκB from the cytosol into the nucleus in murine lungs. Histopathological damage induced by sepsis was reversed in the testis, liver, and lungs of mice. Conclusion In conclusion, DIE is a suitable candidate for development as a therapeutic agent for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yee Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung Joo Yuk
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Evelyn Saba
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Sung Dae Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seon Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Spandana Rajendra Kopalli
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Wook Oh
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KIT, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Hee Rhee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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6
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Ömercioğlu G, Akat F, Fıçıcılar H, Billur D, Çalışkan H, Kızıl Ş, Bayram P, Can B, Baştuğ M. Effects of aerobic exercise on lipopolysaccharide-induced experimental acute lung injury in the animal model of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Exp Physiol 2021; 107:42-57. [PMID: 34802172 DOI: 10.1113/ep089974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? We evaluated the effects of diabetes and exercise on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. By providing a comprehensive analysis of redox status, blood gases and histological parameters, we aimed to contribute to the ongoing debate in the literature. What are the main findings and its importance? We demonstrated the preventive effect of exercise, but diabetes did not alter the severity of acute lung injury. ABSTRACT Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening respiratory condition. Diabetes (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycaemia. There is an ongoing debate concerning whether there is a protective effect of diabetes in ALI. Exercise is a special type of physical activity that has numerous beneficial effects. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of diabetes and exercise on the prognosis of ALI. Male Wistar albino rats were divided into two groups (sedentary and exercise). Both groups were divided into four subgroups: Control, ALI, DM, DM+ALI (n = 6 each). Diabetes was induced by injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg i.p.). The maximal exercise capacity was determined with the incremental load test. Animals were exercised on a treadmill for 45 min at 70% of maximal exercise capacity, 5 days a week for 12 weeks. Acute lung injury was induced by intratracheal injection of lipopolysaccharide (100 μg/100 g body weight) 24 h before the end of the experiment. We performed arterial blood gas analysis. Redox status was measured in both plasma and lung tissue. Malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels were measured in lung tissue. Lung tissue was evaluated histologically. Acute lung injury caused significant damage in the lung tissue, which was verified histologically, with an increase in oxidative stress parameters. Exercise prevented the lung damage induced by ALI and reduced oxidative stress in the lung tissue. Diabetes did not alter the magnitude of damage done by ALI. Exercise showed a protective effect against DM and ALI in rats. The effect of DM was insignificant for the prognosis of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Göktuğ Ömercioğlu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fırat Akat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hakan Fıçıcılar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Billur
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hasan Çalışkan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Şule Kızıl
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pınar Bayram
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Belgin Can
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Metin Baştuğ
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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7
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Glycyrrhizic Acid Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Regulating Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE2) and Caveolin-1 Signaling Pathway. Inflammation 2021; 45:253-266. [PMID: 34427852 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01542-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is mainly caused by severe infection, shock, trauma, and burn, which causes the extensive release of inflammatory factors and other mediators. As a major bioactive constituent of traditional Chinese herb licorice, glycyrrhizic acid (GA) plays an important effect on inflammatory regulation. Nevertheless, the exact mechanism of this effect remains unclear. The present study aims to explore the potential protective effect of GA on LPS-induced ALI. Our results showed that GA significantly attenuated LPS-induced ALI and decreased the production of inflammatory factors, including IL-1β, MCP-1, COX2, HMGB1, and adhesion molecules, such as E-selectin, VCAM-1, and modulated expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Moreover, treatment of ACE2 inhibitor (MLN-4760) reversed the effects of GA on the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors in ALI. Additionally, GA exerts its protective effect by regulating the ACE2 and caveolin-1/NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, this study showed that GA alleviated LPS-induced ALI by upregulating ACE2 and inhibiting the caveolin-1/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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8
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Ma J, Xu LY, Sun QH, Wan XY, BingLi. Inhibition of miR-1298-5p attenuates sepsis lung injury by targeting SOCS6. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3745-3756. [PMID: 34100174 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04170-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality and a major cause of acute lung injury (ALI). carried by exosomes play a role in a variety of diseases. However,there are not many studies of exosomal miRNAs in sepsis and sepsis lung injury.miR-1298-5p and suppressor of cytokine signaling 6 (SOCS6) were silenced or overexpressed in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). PKH-67 Dye was used to trace exosome endocytosis. Cell permeability was evaluated by measuring trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and FITC dextran flux. ELISA kits were used for cytokine detection. Quantitative RT-PCR and western blots were used to evaluate gene expression. miR-1298-5p was elevated in exosomes from patients with sepsis lung injury (Sepsis_exo). Treatment of BEAS-2B cells using Sepsis_exo significantly inhibited cell proliferation, and induced cell permeability and inflammatory response. miR-1298-5p directly targeted SOCS6. Overexpressing SOCS6 reversed miR-1298-5p-induced cell permeability and inflammatory response. Inhibition of STAT3 blocked SOCS6-silencing caused significant increase of cell permeability and inflammation. Exosomes isolated from patients of sepsis lung injury increased cell permeability and inflammatory response in BEAS-2B cells through exosomal miR-1298-5p which targeted SOCS6 via STAT3 pathway. The findings highlight the importance of miR-1298-5p/SOCS6/STAT3 axis in sepsis lung injury and provide new insights into therapeutic strategies for sepsis lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Doctor's Office, 10th floor, building 2, NO.507 Zhengmin Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China.
| | - Li-Yun Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Doctor's Office, 10th floor, building 2, NO.507 Zhengmin Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Hong Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Doctor's Office, 10th floor, building 2, NO.507 Zhengmin Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Doctor's Office, 10th floor, building 2, NO.507 Zhengmin Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China
| | - BingLi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Doctor's Office, 10th floor, building 2, NO.507 Zhengmin Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China
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The protective effect of PPARγ in sepsis-induced acute lung injury via inhibiting PTEN/β-catenin pathway. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:224379. [PMID: 32420586 PMCID: PMC7256673 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20192639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to reveal the molecular mechanism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) on sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). To do that, the rat injury model was established using cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) method, followed by different treatments, and the rats were divided into Sham group, CLP group, CLP + rosiglitazone (PPARγ agonist) group, CLP + GW9662 (PPARγ inhibitor) group, CLP + bpV (phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) inhibitor) group, CLP + GW9662 + bpV group. Compared with Sham group, the mRNA and protein expression levels of PPARγ were down-regulated, the inflammation levels were elevated, and the apoptosis was increased in CLP group. After treatment with rosiglitazone, the protein expression level of PPARγ was significantly up-regulated, the phosphorylation level of PTEN/β-catenin pathway was decreased, the PTEN/β-catenin pathway was inhibited, the lung injury, inflammation and apoptosis were reduced. The opposite effect was observed after treatment with GW9662. Besides, bpV inhibited PTEN/β-catenin pathway, and relieved the lung tissue injury. The overexpression of PPARγ reduced inflammatory response and inhibited apoptosis in sepsis-induced ALI. Furthermore, PPARγ relieved the sepsis-induced ALI by inhibiting the PTEN/β-catenin pathway.
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10
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Achanta A, Hayden D, Thompson BT. Fluid Management in Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Diabetes Mellitus: A propensity score matched analysis of the fluid and catheter treatment trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22311. [PMID: 32957394 PMCID: PMC7505338 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus results in an attenuated inflammatory response, reduces pulmonary microvascular permeability, and may decrease the risk of developing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Studies have shown that patients with ARDS are better managed by a conservative as compared to liberal fluid management strategy. However, it is not known if the same fluid management principles hold true for patients with comorbid diabetes mellitus and ARDS.As diabetes mellitus results in reduced pulmonary microvascular permeability and an attenuated inflammatory response, we hypothesize that in the setting of ARDS, diabetic patients will be able to tolerate a positive fluid balance better than patients without diabetes.The Fluid and Catheter Treatment Trial (FACTT) randomized patients with ARDS to conservative versus liberal fluid management strategies. In a secondary analysis of this trial, we calculated the interaction of diabetic status and differing fluid strategies on outcomes. Propensity score subclassification matching was used to control for the differing baseline characteristics between patients with and without diabetes.Nine hundred fifty-six patients were analyzed. In a propensity score matched analysis, the difference in the effect of a conservative as compared to liberal fluid management strategy on ventilator free days was 2.23 days (95% CI: -0.97 to 5.43 days) in diabetic patients, and 2.37 days (95% CI: -0.21 to 4.95 days) in non-diabetic patients. The difference in the effect of a conservative as compared to liberal fluid management on 60 day mortality was 2% (95% CI: -11.8% to 15.8%) in diabetic patients, and -7.9% (95% CI: -21.7% to 5.9%) in non-diabetic patients.When comparing a conservative fluid management strategy to a liberal fluid management strategy, diabetic patients with ARDS did not have a statistically significant difference in outcomes than non-diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Achanta
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Douglas Hayden
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Boyd Taylor Thompson
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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11
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Kumar V. Pulmonary Innate Immune Response Determines the Outcome of Inflammation During Pneumonia and Sepsis-Associated Acute Lung Injury. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1722. [PMID: 32849610 PMCID: PMC7417316 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The lung is a primary organ for gas exchange in mammals that represents the largest epithelial surface in direct contact with the external environment. It also serves as a crucial immune organ, which harbors both innate and adaptive immune cells to induce a potent immune response. Due to its direct contact with the outer environment, the lung serves as a primary target organ for many airborne pathogens, toxicants (aerosols), and allergens causing pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and acute lung injury or inflammation (ALI). The current review describes the immunological mechanisms responsible for bacterial pneumonia and sepsis-induced ALI. It highlights the immunological differences for the severity of bacterial sepsis-induced ALI as compared to the pneumonia-associated ALI. The immune-based differences between the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria-induced pneumonia show different mechanisms to induce ALI. The role of pulmonary epithelial cells (PECs), alveolar macrophages (AMs), innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), and different pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and inflammasome proteins) in neutrophil infiltration and ALI induction have been described during pneumonia and sepsis-induced ALI. Also, the resolution of inflammation is frequently observed during ALI associated with pneumonia, whereas sepsis-associated ALI lacks it. Hence, the review mainly describes the different immune mechanisms responsible for pneumonia and sepsis-induced ALI. The differences in immune response depending on the causal pathogen (Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria) associated pneumonia or sepsis-induced ALI should be taken in mind specific immune-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Children's Health Queensland Clinical Unit, Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Mater Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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12
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Yang WK, Lyu YR, Kim SH, Chae SW, Kim KM, Jung IC, Park YC. Protective Effect of GHX02 Extract on Particulate Matter-Induced Lung Injury. J Med Food 2020; 23:611-632. [PMID: 32316823 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.4568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Industrial development, along with the rapid growth of the economy, has greatly improved the quality of life in humans. Moreover, advancements in medical technology have increased life expectancy. Small particles increase airway inflammation when they penetrate the alveoli. We observed that GHX02 decreased the frequency and delayed the onset time of citric acid-induced coughing in guinea pigs. A phenol red secretion assay indicated that the GHX02 extract exhibits potent expectorant activity. The GHX02 extract also greatly reduced leukocyte levels. Our results indicate that GHX02 inhibits airway inflammation, reduces sputum production, and relieves cough. The GHX02 extract suppressed histamine release from mast cells resulting from compound 48/80-induced degranulation. The extract exhibited antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae and significantly inhibited the formation of LTC4. At high concentrations, the GHX02 extract suppressed the formation of PGE2 (prostaglandin E2). Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 levels decreased with an increasing dosage of GHX02. Oral administration of the GHX02 extract suppressed PM10D-induced inflammatory symptoms in the lung, including increased alveolar wall thickness, accumulation of collagen fibers, and cytokine release. Treatment with the GHX02 extract also resulted in lower levels of inflammatory cells, in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue. Our results indicate that GHX02 may be a useful therapeutic agent for treatment of respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Kyung Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine and College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea.,Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yee Ran Lyu
- Department of Internal Medicine and College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyung Kim
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sung-Wook Chae
- Herbal Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ki Mo Kim
- Herbal Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - In Chul Jung
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yang-Chun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea.,Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
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13
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Savran M, Ozmen O, Erzurumlu Y, Savas HB, Asci S, Kaynak M. The Impact of Prophylactic Lacosamide on LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation in Aged Rats. Inflammation 2020; 42:1913-1924. [PMID: 31267274 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01053-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis-induced central nervous system damage is called sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). In addition to neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis act in the development of SAE. In the current study, we evaluated the protective effects of lacosamide (LCM) on neuroinflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Twenty-four Wistar albino rats were divided into 3 groups as controls, LPS group (5 mg/kg i.p.), and LPS plus LCM group (5 mg/kg i.p and 40 mg/kg i.p, respectively). In the rat brain, LPS-induced tissue damage was revealed histopathologically as hyperemia and microhemorrhages. LCM pretreatment ameliorated these histopathological changes. LPS decreased brain TAS levels and significantly increased MDA, CRP, HSP, IL-1β, and TNF-α expressions in the cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Western analysis revealed increased brain tissue levels of TNF-α, NF-Kβ, and caspase-3 following LPS. Prophylactic LCM treatment reversed these parameters including oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Savran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - O Ozmen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Y Erzurumlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - H B Savas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - S Asci
- Department of Neurology, Private Meddem Hospital, Isparta, Turkey
| | - M Kaynak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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14
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Abstract
Sepsis, pneumonia, and shock are the most common conditions predisposing to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and certain host genetic variants have been associated with the development of ARDS. Risk modifiers include abuse of alcohol and tobacco, malnutrition, and obesity. The Lung Injury Prediction Score (LIPS) and the simplified Early Acute Lung Injury Score predict ARDS based on clinical and investigational criteria. Hospital-acquired ARDS may result from a medley factors of which high tidal volume ventilation, high oxygen concentration, and plasma transfusion are most commonly implicated. The Checklist for Lung Injury Prevention (CLIP) has been developed to ensure compliance with evidence-based practice that may affect ARDS occurrence. To date, no pharmacologic intervention has been shown to prevent ARDS
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15
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Han N, Li H, Li G, Shen Y, Fei M, Nan Y. Effect of bovine lactoferrin as a novel therapeutic agent in a rat model of sepsis-induced acute lung injury. AMB Express 2019; 9:177. [PMID: 31673805 PMCID: PMC6823406 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0900-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a serious clinical condition resulting from severe infection. High rates of mortality and tissue damage have been reported in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with sepsis. Bovine lactoferrin (BLF) is a well-known 80-kDa glycoprotein in the transferrin family that inhibits sepsis in low-birth-weight neonates. The present study investigated the protective effects of BLF in a rat model of sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). The wet/dry ratio, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant markers, total protein, total cell count, inflammatory markers and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were assessed. Histopathological analysis was also carried out. BLF treatment reduced the wet/dry ratio of lung tissue by 30.7% and 61.3%, and lipid peroxidation by 22.3% and 67%, at concentrations of 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) and catalase were increased by more than 50% under treatment with 200 mg/kg BLF. Inflammatory markers, neutrophils, lymphocytes and total cell count were reduced by more than 50% under treatment with 200 mg/kg BLF. BLF treatment significantly reduced MPO activity, by 28.2% and 74.3%, at concentrations of 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively. Neutrophilic infiltration and edema were observed in control rats. However, BLF treatment restored intestinal microvilli to the normal range and reduced inflammatory cell invasion. Collectively, these results suggest that BLF is an effective therapeutic agent against sepsis-induced ALI.
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16
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Ding XF, Li JB, Liang HY, Wang ZY, Jiao TT, Liu Z, Yi L, Bian WS, Wang SP, Zhu X, Sun TW. Predictive model for acute respiratory distress syndrome events in ICU patients in China using machine learning algorithms: a secondary analysis of a cohort study. J Transl Med 2019; 17:326. [PMID: 31570096 PMCID: PMC6771100 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-2075-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To develop a machine learning model for predicting acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) events through commonly available parameters, including baseline characteristics and clinical and laboratory parameters. METHODS A secondary analysis of a multi-centre prospective observational cohort study from five hospitals in Beijing, China, was conducted from January 1, 2011, to August 31, 2014. A total of 296 patients at risk for developing ARDS admitted to medical intensive care units (ICUs) were included. We applied a random forest approach to identify the best set of predictors out of 42 variables measured on day 1 of admission. RESULTS All patients were randomly divided into training (80%) and testing (20%) sets. Additionally, these patients were followed daily and assessed according to the Berlin definition. The model obtained an average area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.82 and yielded a predictive accuracy of 83%. For the first time, four new biomarkers were included in the model: decreased minimum haematocrit, glucose, and sodium and increased minimum white blood cell (WBC) count. CONCLUSIONS This newly established machine learning-based model shows good predictive ability in Chinese patients with ARDS. External validation studies are necessary to confirm the generalisability of our approach across populations and treatment practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Fei Ding
- Department of General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jin-Bo Li
- Department of General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Huo-Yan Liang
- Department of General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zong-Yu Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ting-Ting Jiao
- Department of General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated with Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Yi
- Intensive Care Unit, Xiyuan Hospital Affiliated with the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Shuai Bian
- Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated with Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Peng Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Tong-Wen Sun
- Department of General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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17
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic, progressive, incompletely understood metabolic disorder whose prevalence has been increasing steadily worldwide. Even though little attention has been paid to lung disorders in the context of diabetes, its prevalence has recently been challenged by newer studies of disease development. In this review, we summarize and discuss the role of diabetes mellitus involved in the progression of pulmonary diseases, with the main focus on pulmonary fibrosis, which represents a chronic and progressive disease with high mortality and limited therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Kolahian
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research (ICePhA), Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics, Tübingen, Germany.
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics, Tübingen, Germany.
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstrasse. 56, D-72074, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Veronika Leiss
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research (ICePhA), Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Nürnberg
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research (ICePhA), Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics, Tübingen, Germany
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18
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Ju M, He H, Chen S, Liu Y, Liu Y, Pan S, Zheng Y, Xuan L, Zhu D, Luo Z. Ulinastatin ameliorates LPS‑induced pulmonary inflammation and injury by blocking the MAPK/NF‑κB signaling pathways in rats. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:3347-3354. [PMID: 31432172 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulinastatin, a urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI) is commonly used to treat patients with acute inflammatory disease. However, the underlying mechanisms of its anti‑inflammatory effect in acute lung injury (ALI) are not fully understood. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of UTI and explore its potential mechanisms by using a rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑induced ALI. Rats were treated with 5 mg/kg LPS by intratracheal instillation. The histological changes in LPS‑induced ALI was evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin staining and the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was determined using ELISA. The wet/dry ratio (W/D ratio) of the lungs was used to assess the severity of pulmonary edema and Evans blue dye was used to evaluate the severity of lung vascular leakage. The results demonstrated that LPS administration induced histological changes and significantly increased the lung W/D ratio, MPO activity and Evans blue dye extravasation compared with the control group. However, treatment with UTI attenuated LPS‑induced ALI in rats by modifying histological changes and reducing the lung W/D ratio, MPO activity and Evans blue dye extravasation. In addition, LPS induced the secretion of numerous pro‑inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), including tumor necrosis factor‑α, interleukin (IL)‑6, IL‑1β and interferon‑γ; however, these cytokines were strongly reduced following treatment with UTI. In addition, UTI was able to reduce cellular counts in BALF, including neutrophils and leukocytes. Western blotting demonstrated that UTI significantly blocked the LPS‑stimulated MAPK and NF‑κB signaling pathways. The results of the present study indicated that UTI could exert an anti‑inflammatory effect on LPS‑induced ALI by inhibiting the MAPK and NF‑κB signaling pathways, which suggested that UTI may be considered as an effective drug in the treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Ju
- Department of Critical Care, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu He
- Department of Critical Care, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Critical Care, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yimei Liu
- Department of Critical Care, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yujing Liu
- Department of Nursing, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Simeng Pan
- Department of Critical Care, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yijun Zheng
- Department of Critical Care, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Lizhen Xuan
- Department of Critical Care, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Duming Zhu
- Department of Critical Care, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Luo
- Department of Critical Care, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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19
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Zhang TN, Goodwin JE, Liu B, Li D, Wen R, Yang N, Xia J, Zhou H, Zhang T, Song WL, Liu CF. Characterization of Long Noncoding RNA and mRNA Profiles in Sepsis-Induced Myocardial Depression. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 17:852-866. [PMID: 31472370 PMCID: PMC6722300 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Septic shock with heart dysfunction is very common in intensive care units. However, whether long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and mRNA profiles differ between patients with and without myocardial depression is unknown. We generated rat models of hypodynamic septic shock induced by lipopolysaccharide. A total of 12 rat models was constructed and heart tissue from each was collected. Whole genomic RNA sequencing was performed on left ventricular tissue; 6,508 novel lncRNAs and 432 annotated lncRNAs were identified in heart samples, and 74 lncRNAs were expressed differently in the sepsis and control groups. Gene ontology term enrichment indicated apoptosis and its related pathways showed obvious enrichment, which suggested cell apoptosis could play a critical role in the process of myocardial depression. Furthermore, we focused on one lncRNA from the Pvt1 gene. By silencing this lncRNA, we demonstrated knockdown of Pvt1 expression could induce cell apoptosis in lipopolysaccharide-induced heart cells, through increasing the expression of c-Myc, Bid, Bax, and caspase-3 and decreasing the expression of Myd88 and Bcl-2, thereby proving its functional role in myocardial depression. These results demonstrate that lncRNAs both participate in and mediate the pathological process of myocardial depression. Our study improves the understanding of the basic molecular mechanisms underlying myocardial depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie-Ning Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, PICU, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110004, China
| | - Julie E Goodwin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Da Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ri Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, PICU, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110004, China
| | - Ni Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, PICU, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110004, China
| | - Jing Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, PICU, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110004, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, PICU, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110004, China
| | - Wen-Liang Song
- Department of Pediatrics, PICU, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110004, China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, PICU, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110004, China.
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20
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Dong L, Li H, Zhang S, Yang G. miR‑148 family members are putative biomarkers for sepsis. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:5133-5141. [PMID: 31059023 PMCID: PMC6522910 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a type of systemic inflammatory response caused by infection. The present study aimed to identify novel targets for the treatment of sepsis. We conducted bioinformatic analysis of the microarray Gene Expression Omnibus dataset GSE12624, which includes data on 34 patients with sepsis and 36 healthy individuals without sepsis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in sepsis patients were identified using Bayesian methods included in the limma package in R. Correlations among the expression values of DEGs were analyzed using the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to construct a co-expression network. Subsequently, the generated co-expression network was visualized using Cytoscape 3.3 software. Additionally, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed based on all the DEGs using STRING. Finally, the integrated regulatory network was constructed based on DEGs, microRNAs (miRNAs) and transcription factors (TFs). A total of 407 DEGs were identified in the sepsis samples, including 227 upregulated DEGs and 180 downregulated DEGs. WGCNA grouped the DEGs into 13 co-expressed modules. Additionally, MAP3K8 and RPS6KA5 in the MEyellow module were enriched in the MAPK and TNF signaling pathways. In addition, the PPI network comprised 48 nodes and 112 edges, which included the pairs MAP3K8-RPS6KA5, MAP3K8-IL10, RPS6KA5-EXOSC4 and EXOSC4-EXOSC5. Lastly, the TF-miRNA-target DEG regulatory network was constructed based on eight TFs (NF-κB), seven miRNAs (miR152, miR-148A/B), and 52 TF-miRNA-target gene triplets (17 upregulated genes, including MAP3K8, and 10 downregulated genes, including RPS6KA5). Our analysis showed that the members of the miR-148 family (miR-148A/B and miR-152) are candidate biomarkers for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dong
- Intensive Care Unit, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Intensive Care Unit, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Shunli Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Guanzheng Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
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21
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Genetic variations in inflammation-related genes and their influence on the susceptibility of pediatric acute lung injury in a Chinese population. Gene 2019; 687:16-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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22
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Kim YH, Kim YS, Kim BH, Lee KS, Park HS, Lim CH. Remote ischemic preconditioning ameliorates indirect acute lung injury by modulating phosphorylation of IκBα in mice. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:936-950. [PMID: 30614352 PMCID: PMC6381478 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518818300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute lung injury is responsible for mortality in seriously ill patients. Previous studies have shown that systemic inflammation is attenuated by remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) via reducing nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). Therefore, we investigated whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced indirect acute lung injury (ALI) can be protected by RIPC. METHODS RIPC was accomplished by 10 minutes of occlusion using a tourniquet on the right hind limb of mice, followed by 10 minutes of reperfusion. This process was repeated three times. Intraperitoneal LPS (20 mg/kg) was administered to induce indirect ALI. Inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pulmonary tissue was excised for histological examination, and for examining NF-κB activity and phosphorylation of inhibitor of κBα (IκBα). RESULTS NF-κB activation and LPS-induced histopathological changes in the lungs were significantly alleviated in the RIPC group. RIPC reduced phosphorylation of IκBα in lung tissue of ALI mice. CONCLUSIONS RIPC attenuates endotoxin-induced indirect ALI. This attenuation might occur through modification of NF-κB mediation of cytokines by modulating phosphorylation of IκBα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hee Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Young-Sung Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Hwa Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Kuen-Su Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Hyung-Sun Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Choon-Hak Lim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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23
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Carlos AR, Weis S, Soares MP. Cross-Talk Between Iron and Glucose Metabolism in the Establishment of Disease Tolerance. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2498. [PMID: 30425714 PMCID: PMC6218924 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are associated with disruption of host homeostasis. This can be triggered directly by pathogens or indirectly by host immune-driven resistance mechanisms. Disease tolerance is a defense strategy against infection that sustains host homeostasis, without exerting a direct negative impact on pathogens. The mechanisms governing disease tolerance encompass host metabolic responses that maintain vital homeostatic parameters within a range compatible with survival. Central to this defense strategy is the host's ability to sense and adapt to variations in nutrients, such as iron and glucose. Here we address how host responses regulating iron and glucose metabolism interact to establish disease tolerance and possibly modulate resistance to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastian Weis
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Institute for Infectious Disease and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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24
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Wu X, Ji K, Wang H, Zhao Y, Jia J, Gao X, Zang B. Retracted
: microRNA‐542‐5p protects against acute lung injury in mice with severe acute pancreatitis by suppressing the mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway through the negative regulation of P21‐activated kinase 1. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:290-304. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing‐Mao Wu
- Intensive Care Unit Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Kai‐Qiang Ji
- Intensive Care Unit Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Hai‐Yuan Wang
- Intensive Care Unit Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Intensive Care Unit Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Jia Jia
- Intensive Care Unit Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Xiao‐Peng Gao
- Intensive Care Unit Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Bin Zang
- Intensive Care Unit Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University Shenyang China
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25
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Osthole Protects against Acute Lung Injury by Suppressing NF- κB-Dependent Inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:4934592. [PMID: 30057486 PMCID: PMC6051001 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4934592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key factor in the pathogenesis of ALI. Therefore, suppression of inflammatory response could be a potential strategy to treat LPS-induced lung injury. Osthole, a natural coumarin extract, has been reported to protect against acute kidney injury through an anti-inflammatory mechanism, but its effect on ALI is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated whether osthole ameliorates inflammatory sepsis-related ALI. Results from in vitro studies indicated that osthole treatment inhibited the LPS-induced inflammatory response in mouse peritoneal macrophages through blocking the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Consistently, the in vivo studies indicated that osthole significantly prolonged the survival of septic mice which was accompanied by inflammation suppression. In the ALI mouse model, osthole effectively inhibited the development of lung tissue injury, leukocytic recruitment, and cytokine productions, which was associated with inhibition of NF-κB nuclear translocation. These findings provide evidence that osthole was a potent inhibitor of NF-κB and inflammatory injury and suggest that it could be a promising anti-inflammatory agent for therapy of septic shock and acute lung injury.
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Ugan RA, Cadirci E, Halici Z, Toktay E, Cinar I. The role of urotensin-II and its receptors in sepsis-induced lung injury under diabetic conditions. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 818:457-469. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Park CH, Shin MR, An BK, Joh HW, Lee JC, Roh SS, Yokozawa T. Heat-Processed Scutellariae Radix Protects Hepatic Inflammation through the Amelioration of Oxidative Stress in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:1233-1252. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of heat-processed Scutellariae Radix (Scutellaria baicalensis) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver injury in mice. Scutellariae Radix heat-processed at 160[Formula: see text]C or 180[Formula: see text]C was orally administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight for three days before the intraperitoneal injection of LPS, and the effects were compared with those of vehicle-treated LPS administered to control mice. The administration of Scutellariae Radix decreased the elevated serum monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitrite/nitrate, peroxynitrite, and hepatic functional parameters, and reduced the increased ROS in the liver. The augmented expressions of hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation-related proteins, phospho-p38, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase, phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase, nuclear factor-[Formula: see text] B p65, activator protein-1, cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, MCP-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, tumor necrosis factor-[Formula: see text], and IL-6, were downregulated by the heat-processed Scutellariae Radix. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the increased hepatocellular damage in the liver of LPS-treated mice improved with the administration of heat-processed Scutellariae Radix. Overall, the ameliorative effects of Scutellariae Radix were superior to those when heat-processed at 180[Formula: see text]C. Our results indicate that heat-processed Scutellariae Radix acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by ameliorating oxidative stress in the liver of mice with LPS-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Hum Park
- Department of Medicinal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong 369-873, Republic of Korea
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 706-060, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Rae Shin
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 706-060, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Kwan An
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongnam 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Joh
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongnam 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Cheon Lee
- Jeollanamdo Development Institute for Korean Traditional Medicine, Jeollanamdo 529-851, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Soo Roh
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 706-060, Republic of Korea
| | - Takako Yokozawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
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Genistein Protects Against Ox-LDL-Induced Inflammation Through MicroRNA-155/SOCS1-Mediated Repression of NF-ĸB Signaling Pathway in HUVECs. Inflammation 2017; 40:1450-1459. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0588-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Li N, Song Y, Zhao W, Han T, Lin S, Ramirez O, Liang L. Small interfering RNA targeting NF-κB attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in rats. BMC PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 16:7. [PMID: 28031043 PMCID: PMC5192588 DOI: 10.1186/s12899-016-0027-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of specific small interfering RNA targeting NF-κB on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in rats. METHOD Acute lung injury was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by intraperitoneal injection with LPS (5 mg/kg), followed by immediate intratracheal instillation of siRNA targeting NF-κB p65 (40 μg/ml). Animals in each group were sacrificed at 1 h or 8 h after the instillation. Pulmonary histological changes were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The levels of NF-κB and TNF-α were measured by qRT-PCR. Expressions of NF-κB in lung cells and TNF-α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined by western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) respectively. RESULTS LPS administration reduced the rectal temperature and white blood cell counts at 1 h, increased lung wet/dry weight ratios, caused evident lung histopathological injury, and increased the detectable transcript and cytokine levels of TNF-α in lung tissue in BALF. siRNA targeting of NF-κB p65 effectively abrogated the expression of NF-κB p65 in lung cells and, aside from rectal temperatures, ameliorated all changes induced by LPS. CONCLUSIONS NF-κB knockdown exerts anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-induced ALI especially in the initial phase, which may be due in part to reduced levels of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α. NF-κB siRNA's rapidity and effectiveness to abrogate ALI development may provide an effective therapeutic method with future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Neonatology, Dongguan Children Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yuanbin Song
- Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Han
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuhui Lin
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Oscar Ramirez
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Shin J, Yang SJ, Lim Y. Gamma-tocopherol supplementation ameliorated hyper-inflammatory response during the early cutaneous wound healing in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 242:505-515. [PMID: 28211759 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216683836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Delayed wound healing is one of the major diabetic complications. During wound healing process, the early inflammatory stage is important for better prognosis. One of antioxidant nutrient, gamma-tocopherol (GT) is considered to regulate inflammatory conditions. This study investigated the effect of GT supplementation on mechanism associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis during early cutaneous wound healing in diabetic mice. Diabetes was induced by alloxan injection in ICR mice. All mice were divided into three groups: non-diabetic control mice (CON), diabetic control mice (DMC), and diabetic mice supplemented with GT (GT). After two weeks of GT supplementation, excisional wounds were made by biopsy punches (4 mm). Diabetic mice showed increases in fasting blood glucose (FBG) level, hyper-inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and delayed wound closure rate compared to non-diabetic mice. However, GT supplementation reduced FBG level and accelerated wound closure rate by regulation of inflammatory response-related proteins such as nuclear factor kappa B, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and c-reactive protein, and oxidative stress-related markers including nuclear factor (erythroid derived 2)-like 2, NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone1, heme oxygenase-1, manganese superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase and apoptosis-related markers such as sirtuin-1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1- α, and p53 in diabetic mice. Taken together, GT would be a potential therapeutic to prevent diabetes-induced delayed wound healing by regulation of inflammatory response, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. Impact statement Gamma tocopherol has shown ameliorative effect on diabetic wound healing by regulation of inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis demonstrated by nuclear factor kappa B, nuclear factor (erythroid derived 2)-like 2, and sirtuin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Shin
- 1 Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Soo Jin Yang
- 2 Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Yunsook Lim
- 1 Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
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Yang C, Song Y, Wang H. Suppression of RAGE and TLR9 by Ketamine Contributes to Attenuation of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury. J INVEST SURG 2016; 30:177-186. [PMID: 27715346 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2016.1232448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the protective role of ketamine in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) by the inhibition of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). ALI was induced in rats by intratracheal instillation of LPS (5 mg/kg), and ketamine (5, 7.5, and 10 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 1 h after LPS administration. Meanwhile, A549 alveolar epithelial cells were incubated with LPS in the presence or absence of ketamine. After 24 h, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue were collected. Ketamine posttreatment at doses of 5, 7.5, and 10 mg/kg decreased LPS-induced evident lung histopathological changes, lung wet-to-dry weight ratio, and lung myeloperoxidase activity. In addition, posttreatment with ketamine-inhibited inflammatory cells and inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and high-mobility group box 1 in BALF. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ketamine-inhibited LPS-induced RAGE and TLR9 protein up-expressions and the phosphorylation of I-κB-α and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 in vivo and in vitro. The results presented here suggest that the protective mechanism of ketamine may be attributed partly to decreased production of inflammatory mediators through the inhibition of RAGE/TLR9-NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Yang
- a Department of Anesthesiology , Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Yulong Song
- a Department of Anesthesiology , Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Hui Wang
- a Department of Anesthesiology , Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
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Zhu T, Zhang W, Feng SJ, Yu HP. Emodin suppresses LPS-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells through a PPARγ-dependent pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 34:16-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Sims CR, Nguyen TC, Mayeux PR. Could Biomarkers Direct Therapy for the Septic Patient? J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 357:228-39. [PMID: 26857961 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.230797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a serious medical condition caused by a severe systemic inflammatory response to a bacterial, fungal, or viral infection that most commonly affects neonates and the elderly. Advances in understanding the pathophysiology of sepsis have resulted in guidelines for care that have helped reduce the risk of dying from sepsis for both children and older adults. Still, over the past three decades, a large number of clinical trials have been undertaken to evaluate pharmacological agents for sepsis. Unfortunately, all of these trials have failed, with the use of some agents even shown to be harmful. One key issue in these trials was the heterogeneity of the patient population that participated. What has emerged is the need to target therapeutic interventions to the specific patient's underlying pathophysiological processes, rather than looking for a universal therapy that would be effective in a "typical" septic patient, who does not exist. This review supports the concept that identification of the right biomarkers that can direct therapy and provide timely feedback on its effectiveness will enable critical care physicians to decrease mortality of patients with sepsis and improve the quality of life of survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clark R Sims
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas (C.R.S., P.R.M.); and Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas (T.C.N.)
| | - Trung C Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas (C.R.S., P.R.M.); and Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas (T.C.N.)
| | - Philip R Mayeux
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas (C.R.S., P.R.M.); and Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas (T.C.N.)
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Novoselova EG, Glushkova OV, Lunin SM, Khrenov MO, Novoselova TV, Parfenyuk SB, Fesenko EE. Signaling, stress response and apoptosis in pre-diabetes and diabetes: restoring immune balance in mice with alloxan-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 31:24-31. [PMID: 26690976 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare immune imbalances in "pre-diabetic" and diabetic mice and to evaluate the efficacy of several agents in improving the immunity of mice with type 1 diabetes. Pre-diabetic and diabetic models generated by a single or double alloxan injection were monitored for plasma glucose and pancreas immunohistochemistry. To study the immunity in pre-diabetic and diabetic Balb/C male mice; the levels of cytokines; synthesis of inducible heat shock proteins HSP72 and HSP90α; activity of the NF-κB, IFR3, SAPK/JNK, and TLR4 pathways; and apoptosis levels in thymuses were measured. Pre-diabetes resulted in a decrease in IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 in plasma; in diabetic mice, plasma IFN-gamma, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-10 were decreased. The NF-κB alternative pathway activity and TLR4 expression were significantly increased only in pre-diabetic mice, whereas SAPK/JNK activation was observed at both stages of diabetes. Other measured parameters also showed distinct altered patterns in the immunity of pre-diabetic and diabetic mice. Treatment with an inhibitor of NF-κB, thymulin, or a diet with an antioxidant improved or normalized the immune balance in diabetic mice and also notably decreased pancreatic cell damage in pre-diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sergey M Lunin
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia.
| | - Maxim O Khrenov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia
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Guo F, Yan CY. Effect of SecinH3 on lung injury induced by sepsis of rats. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2015; 8:1049-1054. [PMID: 26706678 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study effect of SecinH3 on lung injury induced by the sepsis of rats. METHODS A total of 30 SPF Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups, including 5 rats in the control group and 25 in the model group. The intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was performed to build the animal model of sepsis. The blood gas analysis was carried out. Afterwards, change in the expression of pro-inflammatory factors of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α in the serum were detected. To study the mechanism of SecinH3 in the process of lung injury induced by the sepsis, the rats with the successful modeling of sepsis were randomly divided into two groups. Rats in the SecinH3 group were given the intraperitoneal injection of 100 μg/12 h SecinH3 for 24 h; while rats in the control group were given the injection of same solvent by the same dosage. The blood was drawn from the heart by 500 μL for the blood gas analysis to detect the change in the expression of pro-inflammatory factors of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α in the treatment group and control group. After separating the lung tissue, the Real-time PCR and western blotting were performed to analyze the effect of SecinH3 on the expression of cytohesins and also discuss the change of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and p-EGFR related to the signaling pathway of EGFR-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase that is regulated by cytohesins. RESULTS Three rats died within 4 h after the injection of LPS, while other 22 ones had the successful modeling, with the success rate of 88%. After being stimulated by LPS, compared with the control group, the arterial partial pressure of oxygen of rats in the treatment group was significantly reduced (P < 0.05), while the partial pressure of CO2 was significantly increased (P < 0.01). After being treated by SecinH3, Pa/O2 was increased with the sepsis, while Pa/CO2 was decreased with the action of SecinH3, which indicated that SecinH3 had the certain 'repairing' ability for the lung injury. SecinH3 might inhibit the cytohesins and then inhibit the phosphorylation of EGFR. CONCLUSIONS SecinH3 can significantly inhibit the cytohesins and then relieve the lung injury induced by the sepsis of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Guo
- Intensive Care Unit, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Chun-Yan Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China.
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Soubani AO, Chen W, Jang H. The outcome of acute respiratory distress syndrome in relation to body mass index and diabetes mellitus. Heart Lung 2015. [PMID: 26212460 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the 28 day mortality of patients with ARDS in relation to body mass index (BMI) and presence diabetes mellitus (DM). DESIGN Retrospective cohort study of patients enrolled in the ARDS Network randomized controlled trials. RESULTS 2914 patients were enrolled in these trials. 112 patients were underweight (BMI < 18.5), 948 patients were normal range (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25.0), 801 patients were overweight (25.0 ≤ BMI < 30.0), 687 patients were obese (30.0 ≤ BMI < 40.0), and 175 patients were severely obese (BMI ≥ 40.0). 469 patients had DM. There was no significant difference in the 28 day mortality in relation to BMI or presence of DM (underweight adjusted OR, 1.217; 95% CI, 0.749-1.979; overweight adjusted OR, 0.887; 95% CI, 0.696-1.131; obese adjusted OR, 0.812; 95% CI, 0.624-1.056; severely obese adjusted OR, 1.102; 95% CI, 0.716-1.695; and DM adjusted OR, 0.938; 95% CI, 0.728-1.208). CONCLUSIONS The short term mortality in patients with ARDS is not affected by BMI or the presence of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman O Soubani
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Center, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Hyejeong Jang
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Center, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Li X, Zhang X, Yang E, Zhang N, Cao S, Zhou Y. Fish oil-supplemented parenteral nutrition could alleviate acute lung injury, modulate immunity, and reduce inflammation in rats with abdominal sepsis. Nutr Res 2015; 35:784-91. [PMID: 26231659 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The objectives were to confirm that intravenous fish oil (FO) emulsions could alleviate acute lung injury, modulate immunity, and reduce inflammation in rats with abdominal sepsis and to explore the mechanisms of these effects. Thirty-six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups randomly. Two days after central venous catheterization, rats were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture to produce abdominal sepsis. Rats were assigned to receive normal saline or total parenteral nutrition (TPN) containing standard soybean oil emulsions or FO-supplemented TPN at the onset of sepsis for 5 days. A sham operation and control treatment were performed in control group rats. Acute lung injury scores, peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets, plasma cytokines, and Foxp3 expression in the spleen were determined. Compared with the normal saline and TPN without FO, FO-supplemented TPN beneficially altered the distributions of the T-lymphocyte subsets and downregulated the acute lung injury scores, plasma cytokines, and expression of Foxp3 due to sepsis. Fish oil-supplemented TPN can decrease acute lung injury scores, alleviate histopathology, reduce the bacterial load in the peritoneal lavage fluid, modulate the lymphocyte subpopulation in the peripheral blood, downregulate Foxp3 expression in the spleen, and reduce plasma cytokines, which means that FO-supplemented TPN can alleviate acute lung injury, modulate immunity, and reduce inflammation in rats with abdominal sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Li
- Department of Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xianxiang Zhang
- Department of Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Enqin Yang
- Department of Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Nanyang Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shougen Cao
- Department of Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Yanbing Zhou
- Department of Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Heat-Processed Scutellariae Radix Enhances Anti-Inflammatory Effect against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice via NF- κ B Signaling. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:456846. [PMID: 26167192 PMCID: PMC4488546 DOI: 10.1155/2015/456846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to examine whether heat-processed Scutellariae Radix has an ameliorative effect on lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced acute lung injury in mice. The effects of Scutellariae Radix heat-processed at 160°C (HSR) were compared with those of nonheat-processed Scutellariae Radix (NSR). The LPS-treated group displayed a markedly decreased body weight and significantly increased lung weight; however, the administration of NSR or HSR improved both the body and lung weights. The increased oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarker levels in the serum and lung were reduced significantly with HSR. The reduced superoxide dismutase and catalase increased significantly by both NSR and HSR. Also, the dysregulated oxidative stress and inflammation were significantly ameliorated by NSR and HSR. The expression of inflammatory mediators and cytokines by nuclear factor-kappa B activation was modulated through inhibition of a nuclear factor kappa Bα degradation. Also, lung histological change was markedly suppressed by HSR rather than NSR. Overall, the ameliorative effects of HSR were superior to those when being nonheat-processed. The representative flavonoid contents of Scutellariae Radix that include baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin were greater by heat process. These data reveal heat-processed Scutellariae Radix may be a critical factor involved in the improvement of lung disorders caused by LPS.
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Zhang X, Gao F, Yan Y, Ruan Z, Liu Z. Combination therapy with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is superior for the treatment of acute lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2015; 33:113-20. [PMID: 25756848 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (ALIRI) is a serious disease that seriously affects human's life. In this study, we aimed to explore a more effective treatment method by combining human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for ALIRI. Fifty rats were firstly divided into five groups, namely sham surgery group (sham) and four model groups (model, ACE2, HUMSCs and HUMSCs + ACE2) that were reperfused with 0.1 ml physiological saline (PS), 0.1 ml PS containing 1 × 10(6) lentiviral-ACE2/HUMSCs/ACE2 + UMSCs, respectively. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot assays were then conducted to detect the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of inflammatory cytokines [intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and angiotensin II (Ang II)], antioxidant proteins [NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1)], DNA damage and apoptotic indicators [BCL2-associated X (Bax), cleaved caspase-3 (C-Csp 3), cleaved-poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (C-PARP), Y-H2AX], anti-apoptotic indicator (Bcl-2) and smooth muscle cell proliferation indicator [connexin 43 (Cx43)]. According to the qRT-PCR and western results, the mRNA and protein expression levels of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, TNF-α, NF-κB, PDGF, Bax, C-Csp 3, C-PARP and Y-H2AX were significantly higher in model group than those in sham group and they were significantly reduced by HUMSCs or ACE2 treatment (P < 0.05). On the contrary, Bcl-2 showed an opposite expression trend with the previous proteins. The mRNA and protein levels of NQO1 and HO-1 were sequentially increased in sham, model, ACE2, HUMSCs and HUMSCs + ACE2 groups. Besides, HUMSCs combined with ACE2 exhibited a better inhibition effect on ALIRI than HUMSCs or ACE2 alone (P < 0.05). In summary, HUMSCs combined with ACE2 was demonstrated to have the best therapeutic effect on ALIRI through anti-inflammation, oxidative stress and anti-apoptotic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomiao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Filgueiras LR, Brandt SL, Wang S, Wang Z, Morris DL, Evans-Molina C, Mirmira RG, Jancar S, Serezani CH. Leukotriene B4-mediated sterile inflammation promotes susceptibility to sepsis in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra10. [PMID: 25628460 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with chronic systemic inflammation and enhanced susceptibility to systemic bacterial infection (sepsis). We hypothesized that low insulin concentrations in T1DM trigger the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) to produce the lipid mediator leukotriene B4 (LTB4), which triggers systemic inflammation that may increase susceptibility to polymicrobial sepsis. Consistent with chronic inflammation, peritoneal macrophages from two mouse models of T1DM had greater abundance of the adaptor MyD88 (myeloid differentiation factor 88) and its direct transcriptional effector STAT-1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1) than macrophages from nondiabetic mice. Expression of Alox5, which encodes 5-LO, and the concentration of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were also increased in peritoneal macrophages and serum from T1DM mice. Insulin treatment reduced LTB4 concentrations in the circulation and Myd88 and Stat1 expression in the macrophages from T1DM mice. T1DM mice treated with a 5-LO inhibitor had reduced Myd88 mRNA in macrophages and increased abundance of IL-1 receptor antagonist and reduced production of IL-β in the circulation. T1DM mice lacking 5-LO or the receptor for LTB4 also produced less proinflammatory cytokines. Compared to wild-type or untreated diabetic mice, T1DM mice lacking the receptor for LTB4 or treated with a 5-LO inhibitor survived polymicrobial sepsis, had reduced production of proinflammatory cytokines, and had decreased bacterial counts. These results uncover a role for LTB4 in promoting sterile inflammation in diabetes and the enhanced susceptibility to sepsis in T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Ribeiro Filgueiras
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. Immunology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508, Brazil
| | - Stephanie L Brandt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Soujuan Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - David L Morris
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sonia Jancar
- Immunology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508, Brazil
| | - C Henrique Serezani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Wang LM, Zhong NZ, Liu SJ, Zhu XY, Liu YJ. Hypoxia-induced acute lung injury is aggravated in Streptozotocin diabetic mice. Exp Lung Res 2014; 41:146-54. [DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2014.983280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Zechner D, Spitzner M, Müller-Graff T, Vollmar B. Diabetes increases pancreatitis induced systemic inflammation but has little effect on inflammation and cell death in the lung. Int J Exp Pathol 2014; 95:411-7. [PMID: 25401425 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) can lead to a systemic inflammatory response that often results in acute lung injury and single or multiple organ failure. In a previous study we demonstrated that diabetes aggravates the local pathophysiological process during AP. In this study we explore, if diabetes also increases pancreatitis induced systemic inflammation and causes lung injury. Acute pancreatitis was induced in untreated and streptozotocin-treated diabetic mice by injection of cerulein. Systemic inflammation was studied by IL-6 ELISA in blood plasma and white blood cell count. Lung inflammation and lung injury were quantified by chloroacetate esterase staining, evaluation of the alveolar cellularity index and cleaved caspase-3 immunohistochemistry. In normoglycaemic mice AP increased the IL-6 concentration in plasma and caused lymphocytopenia. Diabetes significantly increased the IL-6 concentration in plasma and further reduced the number of lymphocytes during AP, whereas diabetes had little effect on these parameters in the absence of pancreatitis. However, diabetes only marginally increased lung inflammation and did not lead to cell death of the lung epithelium during AP. We conclude that diabetes increases parameters of systemic inflammation during AP, but that this increase is insufficient to cause lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Zechner
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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Filgueiras LR, Capelozzi VL, Martins JO, Jancar S. Sepsis-induced lung inflammation is modulated by insulin. BMC Pulm Med 2014; 14:177. [PMID: 25398720 PMCID: PMC4251940 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2466-14-177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously shown that diabetic rats are more susceptible to sepsis, but that the Acute lung injury (ALI) secondary to sepsis is less intense than in non-diabetics. In the present study, we further investigated the ALI-secondary to sepsis in diabetic rats and the effect of insulin treatment. METHODS Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by alloxan and sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture surgery (CLP). Some diabetic rats were given neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin (4 IU, s.c.) 2 h before CLP. Six h later, the lungs were examined for edema, cell infiltration and prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). RESULTS The results confirmed that leukocyte infiltration and edema were milder in diabetic rats with sepsis. After insulin treatment, the lung inflammation in diabetics increased to levels comparable to the non-diabetics. The BAL concentration of PGE2 was also lower in diabetics with sepsis, and increased after insulin treatment. Sepsis was followed by early fibroblast activation in the lung parenchyma, evaluated by increased transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression, as well as an elevated number of cells with myofibroblasts morphology. These events were significantly lower in diabetic rats and increased after insulin treatment. CONCLUSION The results show that insulin modulates the early phase of inflammation and myofibroblast differentiation in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sonia Jancar
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Gu WJ, Wan YD, Tie HT, Kan QC, Sun TW. Risk of acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome in critically ill adult patients with pre-existing diabetes: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90426. [PMID: 24587357 PMCID: PMC3937384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The impact of pre-existing diabetes on the development of acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) in critically ill patients remains unclear. We performed a meta-analysis of cohort studies to evaluate the risk of ALI/ARDS in critically ill patients with and without pre-existing diabetes. Materials and Methods We searched PubMed and Embase from the inception to September 2013 for cohort studies assessing the effect of pre-existing diabetes on ALI/ARDS occurrence. Pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using random- or fixed-effect models when appropriate. Results Seven cohort studies with a total of 12,794 participants and 2,937 cases of pre-existing diabetes, and 2,457 cases of ALI/ARDS were included in the meta-analysis. A fixed-effects model meta-analysis showed that pre-existing diabetes was associated with a reduced risk of ALI/ARDS (OR 0.66; 95% CI, 0.55–0.80; p<0.001), with low heterogeneity among the studies (I2 = 18.9%; p = 0.286). However, the asymmetric funnel plot and Egger's test (p = 0.007) suggested publication bias may exist. Conclusions Our meta-analysis suggests that pre-existing diabetes was associated with a decreased risk of ALI/ARDS in critically ill adult patients. However, the result should be interpreted with caution because of the potential bias and confounding in the included studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Jie Gu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Department of Integrated Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - You-Dong Wan
- Department of Integrated Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong-Tao Tie
- The First College of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Quan-Cheng Kan
- Pharmaceutical Department, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tong-Wen Sun
- Department of Integrated Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetes has been associated with decreased development of acute respiratory distress syndrome in some, but not all, previous studies. Therefore, we examined the relationship between diabetes and development of acute respiratory distress syndrome and whether this association was modified by type of diabetes, etiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome, diabetes medications, or other potential confounders. DESIGN Observational prospective multicenter study. SETTING Four adult ICUs at two tertiary academic medical centers. PATIENTS Three thousand eight hundred sixty critically ill patients at risk for acute respiratory distress syndrome from sepsis, pneumonia, trauma, aspiration, or massive transfusion. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Diabetes history was present in 25.8% of patients. Diabetes was associated with lower rates of developing acute respiratory distress syndrome on univariate (odds ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.66-0.94) and multivariate analysis (adjusted odds ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.61-0.95). After including diabetes medications into the model, diabetes remained protective (adjusted odds ratio, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.59-0.94). Diabetes was associated with decreased development of acute respiratory distress syndrome both in the subgroup of patients with sepsis (adjusted odds ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61-0.97) and patients with noninfectious etiologies (adjusted odds ratio, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.10-0.90). The protective effect of diabetes on acute respiratory distress syndrome development is not clearly restricted to either type 1 (adjusted odds ratio, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.26-0.99; p = 0.046) or type 2 (adjusted odds ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.60-1.00; p = 0.050) diabetes. Among patients in whom acute respiratory distress syndrome developed, diabetes was not associated with 60-day mortality on univariate (odds ratio, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.80-1.52) or multivariate analysis (adjusted odds ratio, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.56-1.18). CONCLUSIONS Diabetes is associated with a lower rate of acute respiratory distress syndrome development, and this relationship remained after adjusting for clinical differences between diabetics and nondiabetics, such as obesity, acute hyperglycemia, and diabetes-associated medications. In addition, this association was present for type 1 and 2 diabetics and in all subgroups of at-risk patients.
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Ferreira AE, Sisti F, Sônego F, Wang S, Filgueiras LR, Brandt S, Serezani APM, Du H, Cunha FQ, Alves-Filho JC, Serezani CH. PPAR-γ/IL-10 axis inhibits MyD88 expression and ameliorates murine polymicrobial sepsis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:2357-65. [PMID: 24489087 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymicrobial sepsis induces organ failure and is accompanied by overwhelming inflammatory response and impairment of microbial killing. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ is a nuclear receptor with pleiotropic effects on lipid metabolism, inflammation, and cell proliferation. The insulin-sensitizing drugs thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are specific PPAR-γ agonists. TZDs exert anti-inflammatory actions in different disease models, including polymicrobial sepsis. The TZD pioglitazone, which has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, improves sepsis outcome; however, the molecular programs that mediate its effect have not been determined. In a murine model of sepsis, we now show that pioglitazone treatment improves microbial clearance and enhances neutrophil recruitment to the site of infection. We also observed reduced proinflammatory cytokine production and high IL-10 levels in pioglitazone-treated mice. These effects were associated with a decrease in STAT-1-dependent expression of MyD88 in vivo and in vitro. IL-10R blockage abolished PPAR-γ-mediated inhibition of MyD88 expression. These data demonstrate that the primary mechanism by which pioglitazone protects against polymicrobial sepsis is through the impairment of MyD88 responses. This appears to represent a novel regulatory program. In this regard, pioglitazone provides advantages as a therapeutic tool, because it improves different aspects of host defense during sepsis, ultimately enhancing survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Elisa Ferreira
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
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Cornélio Favarin D, Robison de Oliveira J, Jose Freire de Oliveira C, de Paula Rogerio A. Potential effects of medicinal plants and secondary metabolites on acute lung injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:576479. [PMID: 24224172 PMCID: PMC3810192 DOI: 10.1155/2013/576479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening syndrome that causes high morbidity and mortality worldwide. ALI is characterized by increased permeability of the alveolar-capillary membrane, edema, uncontrolled neutrophils migration to the lung, and diffuse alveolar damage, leading to acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Although corticosteroids remain the mainstay of ALI treatment, they cause significant side effects. Agents of natural origin, such as medicinal plants and their secondary metabolites, mainly those with very few side effects, could be excellent alternatives for ALI treatment. Several studies, including our own, have demonstrated that plant extracts and/or secondary metabolites isolated from them reduce most ALI phenotypes in experimental animal models, including neutrophil recruitment to the lung, the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, edema, and vascular permeability. In this review, we summarized these studies and described the anti-inflammatory activity of various plant extracts, such as Ginkgo biloba and Punica granatum, and such secondary metabolites as epigallocatechin-3-gallate and ellagic acid. In addition, we highlight the medical potential of these extracts and plant-derived compounds for treating of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniely Cornélio Favarin
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Laboratório de ImunoFarmacologia Experimental, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Rua Manoel Carlos 162, 38025-380 Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Jhony Robison de Oliveira
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Laboratório de ImunoFarmacologia Experimental, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Rua Manoel Carlos 162, 38025-380 Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre de Paula Rogerio
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Laboratório de ImunoFarmacologia Experimental, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Rua Manoel Carlos 162, 38025-380 Uberaba, MG, Brazil
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