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Zhang S, Zhang Q, Lu Y, Chen J, Liu J, Li Z, Xie Z. Roles of Integrin in Cardiovascular Diseases: From Basic Research to Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4096. [PMID: 38612904 PMCID: PMC11012347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) pose a significant global health threat due to their complex pathogenesis and high incidence, imposing a substantial burden on global healthcare systems. Integrins, a group of heterodimers consisting of α and β subunits that are located on the cell membrane, have emerged as key players in mediating the occurrence and progression of CVDs by regulating the physiological activities of endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, platelets, fibroblasts, cardiomyocytes, and various immune cells. The crucial role of integrins in the progression of CVDs has valuable implications for targeted therapies. In this context, the development and application of various integrin antibodies and antagonists have been explored for antiplatelet therapy and anti-inflammatory-mediated tissue damage. Additionally, the rise of nanomedicine has enhanced the specificity and bioavailability of precision therapy targeting integrins. Nevertheless, the complexity of the pathogenesis of CVDs presents tremendous challenges for monoclonal targeted treatment. This paper reviews the mechanisms of integrins in the development of atherosclerosis, cardiac fibrosis, hypertension, and arrhythmias, which may pave the way for future innovations in the diagnosis and treatment of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (J.L.); (Z.L.)
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Qingfang Zhang
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (J.L.); (Z.L.)
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yutong Lu
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (J.L.); (Z.L.)
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jianrui Chen
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (J.L.); (Z.L.)
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jinkai Liu
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (J.L.); (Z.L.)
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zhuohan Li
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (J.L.); (Z.L.)
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xie
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (J.L.); (Z.L.)
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Zhao M, Zheng Z, Peng S, Xu Y, Zhang J, Liu J, Pan W, Yin Z, Xu S, Wei C, Wang M, Wan J, Qin J. Epidermal Growth Factor-Like Repeats and Discoidin I-Like Domains 3 Deficiency Attenuates Dilated Cardiomyopathy by Inhibiting Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 10 Dependent Smad4 Deubiquitination. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e031283. [PMID: 38456416 PMCID: PMC11010021 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.031283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the leading cause of heart failure with a poor prognosis. Recent studies suggest that endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) may be involved in the pathogenesis and cardiac remodeling during DCM development. EDIL3 (epidermal growth factor-like repeats and discoidin I-like domains 3) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that has been reported to promote EndMT in various diseases. However, the roles of EDIL3 in DCM still remain unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS A mouse model of DCM and human umbilical vein endothelial cells were used to explore the roles and mechanisms of EDIL3 in DCM. The results indicated that EndMT and EDIL3 were activated in DCM mice. EDIL3 deficiency attenuated cardiac dysfunction and remodeling in DCM mice. EDIL3 knockdown alleviated EndMT by inhibiting USP10 (ubiquitin specific peptidase 10) dependent Smad4 deubiquitination in vivo and in vitro. Recombinant human EDIL3 promoted EndMT via reinforcing deubiquitination of Smad4 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells treated with IL-1β (interleukin 1β) and TGF-β (transforming growth factor beta). Inhibiting USP10 abolished EndMT exacerbated by EDIL3. In addition, recombinant EDIL3 also aggravates doxorubicin-induced EndMT by promoting Smad4 deubiquitination in HUVECs. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results indicate that EDIL3 deficiency attenuated EndMT by inhibiting USP10 dependent Smad4 deubiquitination in DCM mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of GeriatricsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhanChina
| | - Zihui Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of GeriatricsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhanChina
| | - Shanshan Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of GeriatricsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhanChina
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of GeriatricsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhanChina
| | - Jishou Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of GeriatricsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhanChina
| | - Jianfang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of GeriatricsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhanChina
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of GeriatricsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhanChina
| | - Zheng Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of GeriatricsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhanChina
| | - Shuwan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of GeriatricsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhanChina
| | - Cheng Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of GeriatricsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhanChina
| | - Menglong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of GeriatricsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhanChina
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of GeriatricsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhanChina
| | - Juan‐Juan Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of GeriatricsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Center for Healthy AgingWuhan University School of NursingWuhanChina
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Garvin AM, Katwa LC. Primary cardiac fibroblast cell culture: methodological considerations for physiologically relevant conditions. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H869-H881. [PMID: 37624100 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00224.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Primary cardiac fibroblast (CF) tissue culture is a necessary tool for interrogating specific signaling mechanisms that dictate the phenotypic heterogeneity observed in vivo in different disease states. Traditional approaches that use tissue culture plastic and nutrient-rich medium have been shown to induce CF activation and, therefore, alter CF subpopulation composition. This shift away from in vivo phenotypes complicate the interpretation of results through the lens of the animal model. As the field works to identify CF diversity, these methodological flaws have begun to be addressed and more studies are focused on the dynamic interaction of CFs with their environment. This review focuses on the aspects of tissue culture that impact CF activation and, therefore, require consideration when designing in vitro experiments. The complexity of CF biology overlaid onto diverse model systems highlight the need for study-specific optimization and validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Garvin
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
| | - Laxmansa C Katwa
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
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Di X, Gao X, Peng L, Ai J, Jin X, Qi S, Li H, Wang K, Luo D. Cellular mechanotransduction in health and diseases: from molecular mechanism to therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:282. [PMID: 37518181 PMCID: PMC10387486 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01501-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular mechanotransduction, a critical regulator of numerous biological processes, is the conversion from mechanical signals to biochemical signals regarding cell activities and metabolism. Typical mechanical cues in organisms include hydrostatic pressure, fluid shear stress, tensile force, extracellular matrix stiffness or tissue elasticity, and extracellular fluid viscosity. Mechanotransduction has been expected to trigger multiple biological processes, such as embryonic development, tissue repair and regeneration. However, prolonged excessive mechanical stimulation can result in pathological processes, such as multi-organ fibrosis, tumorigenesis, and cancer immunotherapy resistance. Although the associations between mechanical cues and normal tissue homeostasis or diseases have been identified, the regulatory mechanisms among different mechanical cues are not yet comprehensively illustrated, and no effective therapies are currently available targeting mechanical cue-related signaling. This review systematically summarizes the characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of typical mechanical cues in normal conditions and diseases with the updated evidence. The key effectors responding to mechanical stimulations are listed, such as Piezo channels, integrins, Yes-associated protein (YAP) /transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), and transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4). We also reviewed the key signaling pathways, therapeutic targets and cutting-edge clinical applications of diseases related to mechanical cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingpeng Di
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoshuai Gao
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Liao Peng
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhong Ai
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xi Jin
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Shiqian Qi
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Kunjie Wang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.
| | - Deyi Luo
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.
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Liu J, Zhang J, Fu X, Yang S, Li Y, Liu J, DiSanto ME, Chen P, Zhang X. The Emerging Role of Cell Adhesion Molecules on Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2870. [PMID: 36769190 PMCID: PMC9917596 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease in elderly men. It is characterized by prostatic enlargement and urethral compression and often causes lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTs) such as urinary frequency, urgency, and nocturia. Existing studies have shown that the pathological process of prostate hyperplasia is mainly related to the imbalance of cell proliferation and apoptosis, inflammation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and growth factors. However, the exact molecular mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated. Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are a group of cell surface proteins that mediate cell-cell adhesion and cell migration. Modulating adhesion molecule expression can regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis, EMT, and fibrotic processes, engaged in the development of prostatic hyperplasia. In this review, we went over the important roles and molecular mechanisms of cell adhesion molecules (mainly integrins and cadherins) in both physiological and pathological processes. We also analyzed the mechanisms of CAMs in prostate hyperplasia and explored the potential value of targeting CAMs as a therapeutic strategy for BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Junchao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xun Fu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jianmin Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Michael E. DiSanto
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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Calcitriol Suppressed Isoproterenol-induced Proliferation of Cardiac Fibroblasts via Integrin β3/FAK/Akt Pathway. Curr Med Sci 2023; 43:48-57. [PMID: 36680686 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-022-2681-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition are important features of cardiac fibrosis. Various studies have indicated that vitamin D displays an anti-fibrotic property in chronic heart diseases. This study explored the role of vitamin D in the growth of CFs via an integrin signaling pathway. METHODS MTT and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assays were performed to determine cell viability. Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and integrin signaling pathway. The fibronectin was observed by ELISA. Immunohistochemical staining was employed to evaluate the expression of integrin β3. RESULTS The PCNA expression in the CFs was enhanced after isoproterenol (ISO) stimulation accompanied by an elevated expression of integrin beta-3 (β3). The blockade of the integrin β3 with a specific integrin β3 antibody reduced the PCNA expression induced by the ISO. Decreasing the integrin β3 by siRNA reduced the ISO-triggered phosphorylation of FAK and Akt. Both the FAK inhibitor and Akt inhibitor suppressed the PCNA expression induced by the ISO in the CFs. Calcitriol (CAL), an active form of vitamin D, attenuated the ISO-induced CFs proliferation by downregulating the integrin β3 expression, and phosphorylation of FAK and Akt. Moreover, CAL reduced the increased levels of fibronectin and hydroxyproline in the CFs culture medium triggered by the ISO. The administration of calcitriol decreased the integrin β3 expression in the ISO-induced myocardial injury model. CONCLUSION These findings revealed a novel role for CAL in suppressing the CFs growth by the downregulation of the integrin β3/FAK/Akt pathway.
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7
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Li R, Frangogiannis NG. Integrins in cardiac fibrosis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 172:1-13. [PMID: 35872324 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cells sense mechanical stress and changes in their matrix environment through the integrins, a family of heterodimeric surface receptors that bind to extracellular matrix ligands and trigger cytoskeletal remodeling, while transducing a wide range of intracellular signals. Integrins have been extensively implicated in regulation of inflammation, repair and fibrosis in many different tissues. This review manuscript discusses the role of integrin-mediated cascades in myocardial fibrosis. In vitro studies have demonstrated that β1 and αv integrins play an important role in fibrogenic conversion of cardiac fibroblast, acting through direct stimulation of FAK/Src cascades, or via accentuation of growth factor signaling. Fibrogenic actions of αv integrins may be mediated, at least in part, through pericellular activation of latent TGF-β stores. In vivo evidence supporting the role of integrin heterodimers in fibrotic cardiac remodeling is limited to associative evidence, and to experiments using pharmacologic inhibitors, or global loss-of-function approaches. Studies documenting in vivo actions of integrins on fibroblasts using cell-specific strategies are lacking. Integrin effects on leukocytes may also contribute to the pathogenesis of fibrotic myocardial responses by mediating recruitment and activation of fibrogenic macrophages. The profile and role of integrins in cardiac fibrosis may be dependent on the underlying pathologic condition. Considering their cell surface localization and the availability of small molecule inhibitors, integrins may be attractive therapeutic targets for patients with heart failure associated with prominent fibrotic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoshui Li
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America.
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Abdul-Ghani S, Skeffington KL, Kim M, Moscarelli M, Lewis PA, Heesom K, Fiorentino F, Emanueli C, Reeves BC, Punjabi PP, Angelini GD, Suleiman MS. Effect of cardioplegic arrest and reperfusion on left and right ventricular proteome/phosphoproteome in patients undergoing surgery for coronary or aortic valve disease. Int J Mol Med 2022; 49:77. [PMID: 35425992 PMCID: PMC9083849 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our earlier work has shown inter‑disease and intra‑disease differences in the cardiac proteome between right (RV) and left (LV) ventricles of patients with aortic valve stenosis (AVS) or coronary artery disease (CAD). Whether disease remodeling also affects acute changes occuring in the proteome during surgical intervention is unknown. This study investigated the effects of cardioplegic arrest on cardiac proteins/phosphoproteins in LV and RV of CAD (n=6) and AVS (n=6) patients undergoing cardiac surgery. LV and RV biopsies were collected during surgery before ischemic cold blood cardioplegic arrest (pre) and 20 min after reperfusion (post). Tissues were snap frozen, proteins extracted, and the extracts were used for proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis using Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) analysis. The results were analysed using QuickGO and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis softwares. For each comparision, our proteomic analysis identified more than 3,000 proteins which could be detected in both the pre and Post samples. Cardioplegic arrest and reperfusion were associated with significant differential expression of 24 (LV) and 120 (RV) proteins in the CAD patients, which were linked to mitochondrial function, inflammation and cardiac contraction. By contrast, AVS patients showed differential expression of only 3 LV proteins and 2 RV proteins, despite a significantly longer duration of ischaemic cardioplegic arrest. The relative expression of 41 phosphoproteins was significantly altered in CAD patients, with 18 phosphoproteins showing altered expression in AVS patients. Inflammatory pathways were implicated in the changes in phosphoprotein expression in both groups. Inter‑disease comparison for the same ventricular chamber at both timepoints revealed differences relating to inflammation and adrenergic and calcium signalling. In conclusion, the present study found that ischemic arrest and reperfusion trigger different changes in the proteomes and phosphoproteomes of LV and RV of CAD and AVS patients undergoing surgery, with markedly more changes in CAD patients despite a significantly shorter ischaemic period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Abdul-Ghani
- Bristol Heart Institute and Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Abu-Dis, Palestine
| | - Katie L. Skeffington
- Bristol Heart Institute and Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Minjoo Kim
- Bristol Heart Institute and Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Marco Moscarelli
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London SW3 6LY, UK
- GVM Care and Research, Anthea Hospital, I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Philip A. Lewis
- University of Bristol Proteomics/Bioinformatics Facility, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Kate Heesom
- University of Bristol Proteomics/Bioinformatics Facility, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | | | - Costanza Emanueli
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Barnaby C. Reeves
- Bristol Heart Institute and Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | | | - Gianni D. Angelini
- Bristol Heart Institute and Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - M-Saadeh Suleiman
- Bristol Heart Institute and Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
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Rashid SA, Blanchard AT, Combs JD, Fernandez N, Dong Y, Cho HC, Salaita K. DNA Tension Probes Show that Cardiomyocyte Maturation Is Sensitive to the Piconewton Traction Forces Transmitted by Integrins. ACS NANO 2022; 16:5335-5348. [PMID: 35324164 PMCID: PMC11238821 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac muscle cells (CMCs) are the unit cells that comprise the heart. CMCs go through different stages of differentiation and maturation pathways to fully mature into beating cells. These cells can sense and respond to mechanical cues through receptors such as integrins which influence maturation pathways. For example, cell traction forces are important for the differentiation and development of functional CMCs, as CMCs cultured on varying substrate stiffness function differently. Most work in this area has focused on understanding the role of bulk extracellular matrix stiffness in mediating the functional fate of CMCs. Given that stiffness sensing mechanisms are mediated by individual integrin receptors, an important question in this area pertains to the specific magnitude of integrin piconewton (pN) forces that can trigger CMC functional maturation. To address this knowledge gap, we used DNA adhesion tethers that rupture at specific thresholds of force (∼12, ∼56, and ∼160 pN) to test whether capping peak integrin tension to specific magnitudes affects CMC function. We show that adhesion tethers with greater force tolerance lead to functionally mature CMCs as determined by morphology, twitching frequency, transient calcium flux measurements, and protein expression (F-actin, vinculin, α-actinin, YAP, and SERCA2a). Additionally, sarcomeric actinin alignment and multinucleation were significantly enhanced as the mechanical tolerance of integrin tethers was increased. Taken together, the results show that CMCs harness defined pN integrin forces to influence early stage development. This study represents an important step toward biophysical characterization of the contribution of pN forces in early stage cardiac differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Aysha Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Aaron T Blanchard
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - J Dale Combs
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Natasha Fernandez
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1405 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Yixiao Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Hee Cheol Cho
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1405 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Khalid Salaita
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Successful treatment of cancer can be hampered by the attendant risk of cardiotoxicity, manifesting as cardiomyopathy, left ventricle systolic dysfunction and, in some cases, heart failure. This risk can be mitigated if the injury to the heart is detected before the onset to irreversible cardiac impairment. The gold standard for cardiac imaging in cardio-oncology is echocardiography. Despite improvements in the application of this modality, it is not typically sensitive to sub-clinical or early-stage dysfunction. We identify in this review some emerging tracers for detecting incipient cardiotoxicity by positron emission tomography (PET). RECENT FINDINGS Vectors labeled with positron-emitting radionuclides (e.g., carbon-11, fluorine-18, gallium-68) are now available to study cardiac function, metabolism, and tissue repair in preclinical models. Many of these probes are highly sensitive to early damage, thereby potentially addressing the limitations of current imaging approaches, and show promise in preliminary clinical evaluations. The overlapping pathophysiology between cardiotoxicity and heart failure significantly expands the number of imaging tools available to cardio-oncology. This is highlighted by the emergence of radiolabeled probes targeting fibroblast activation protein (FAP) for sensitive detection of dysregulated healing process that underpins adverse cardiac remodeling. The growth of PET scanner technology also creates an opportunity for a renaissance in metabolic imaging in cardio-oncology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M. Kelly
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Sciences and Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute (MI3), Weill Cornell Medicine, Belfer Research Building, Room BB-1604, 413 East 69th St, New York, NY 10021 USA
- Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - John W. Babich
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Sciences and Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute (MI3), Weill Cornell Medicine, Belfer Research Building, Room BB-1604, 413 East 69th St, New York, NY 10021 USA
- Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021 USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021 USA
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11
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Peng W, Kepsch A, Kracht TO, Hasan H, Wijayarathna R, Wahle E, Pleuger C, Bhushan S, Günther S, Kauerhof AC, Planinić A, Fietz D, Schuppe HC, Wygrecka M, Loveland KL, Ježek D, Meinhardt A, Hedger MP, Fijak M. Activin A and CCR2 regulate macrophage function in testicular fibrosis caused by experimental autoimmune orchitis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:602. [PMID: 36434305 PMCID: PMC9700630 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04632-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune-orchitis (EAO), a rodent model of chronic testicular inflammation and fibrosis, replicates pathogenic changes seen in some cases of human spermatogenic disturbances. During EAO, increased levels of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic mediators such as TNF, CCL2, and activin A are accompanied by infiltration of leukocytes into the testicular parenchyma. Activin A levels correlate with EAO severity, while elevated CCL2 acting through its receptor CCR2 mediates leukocyte trafficking and recruits macrophages. CCR2 + CXCR4 + macrophages producing extracellular matrix proteins contribute widely to fibrogenesis. Furthermore, testicular macrophages (TMs) play a critical role in organ homeostasis. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of the activin A/CCL2-CCR2/macrophage axis in the development of testicular fibrosis. Following EAO induction, we observed lower levels of organ damage, collagen deposition, and leukocyte infiltration (including fibronectin+, collagen I+ and CXCR4+ TMs) in Ccr2-/- mice than in WT mice. Furthermore, levels of Il-10, Ccl2, and the activin A subunit Inhba mRNAs were lower in Ccr2-/- EAO testes. Notably, fibronectin+ TMs were also present in biopsies from patients with impaired spermatogenesis and fibrotic alterations. Overexpression of the activin A antagonist follistatin reduced tissue damage and collagen I+ TM accumulation in WT EAO testes, while treating macrophages with activin A in vitro increased the expression of Ccr2, Fn1, Cxcr4, and Mmp2 and enhanced migration along a CCL2 gradient; these effects were abolished by follistatin. Taken together, our data indicate that CCR2 and activin A promote fibrosis during testicular inflammation by regulating macrophage function. Inhibition of CCR2 or activin A protects against damage progression, offering a promising avenue for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Peng
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Artem Kepsch
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Till O Kracht
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hiba Hasan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rukmali Wijayarathna
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Eva Wahle
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christiane Pleuger
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sudhanshu Bhushan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- ECCPS Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - A Christine Kauerhof
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ana Planinić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Daniela Fietz
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hans-Christian Schuppe
- Department of Urology, Paediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Małgorzata Wygrecka
- Center for Infection and Genomics of the Lung, German Center for Lung Research, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Kate L Loveland
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Davor Ježek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andreas Meinhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark P Hedger
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Monika Fijak
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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12
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Liu QH, Zhang LJ, Wang J, Wu BW, Cao JM. Cardioprotection of an I K1 channel agonist on L-thyroxine induced rat ventricular remodeling. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:8683-8696. [PMID: 34539987 PMCID: PMC8430128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Downregulation of inward rectifier potassium (IK1) channel is a hallmark in cardiac hypertrophy and failure. The cardioprotection of zacopride (a selective IK1 agonist) and underlying mechanisms were investigated in L-thyroxine (T4) or Triiodothyronine (T3)-induced cardiac remodeling. In the in vivo study, adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control, L-thyroxine, L-thy+zacopride, and L-thy+zacopride+chloroquine (an IK1 antagonist) groups. Echocardiography, histopathology, TUNEL assay, western blotting and confocal imaging for intracellular Ca2+ fluorescence were performed. In the in vitro study, zacopride and nifedipine (a LTCC blocker) were used to compare their effects on Kir2.1, SAP97, autophagy, and [Ca2+]i in H9C2 (2-1) cardiomyocytes. Zacopride treatment attenuated L-thyroxine- or T3 induced cardiac remodeling and dysfunction which manifested as cardiac hypertrophy and collagen deposition, dilated ventricle, decreased ejection fraction (EF), increased cardiomyocytes apoptosis, hyper-activation of CaMKII and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, decreased cardiac autophagy, and increased expression of integrin β3. The cardioprotection of zacopride is strongly associated with the upregulation of IK1, SAP97, and [Ca2+]i homeostasis in cardiomyocytes. IK1 antagonist chloroquine or BaCl2 reversed these effects. Nifedipine could attenuate intracellular Ca2+ overload with no significant effects on IK1, SAP97, and autophagy. This study showed that zacopride could improve cardiac remodeling via facilitating Kir2.1 forward trafficking, and negatively regulating calcium-activated and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalings, in an IK1-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hua Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, The Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan, China
| | - Bo-Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, The Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan, China
| | - Ji-Min Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, The Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan, China
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13
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Bildyug N. Integrins in cardiac hypertrophy: lessons learned from culture systems. ESC Heart Fail 2021; 8:3634-3642. [PMID: 34232557 PMCID: PMC8497369 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart growth and pathological changes are accompanied by extracellular matrix‐dependent alterations in integrins and integrin‐associated proteins, suggesting their role in heart development and disease. Most of our knowledge on the involvement of integrins in heart pathology is provided by the in vivo experiments, including cardiac hypertrophy models. However, in vivo studies are limited by the complex organization of heart tissue and fail to discern cell types and particular integrins implicated in hypertrophic signalling. This problem is being addressed by isolated cardiomyocyte primary cultures, which have been successfully used in different in vitro disease models. This review aimed to analyse the general approaches to studying integrins and integrin‐associated signalling pathways in cardiac hypertrophy focusing on the in vitro systems. The lessons learned from culture experiments on the models of hypertrophy induced by stretch, stimulating factors, and/or extracellular matrix components are summarized, demonstrating the major involvement of integrin‐mediated signalling in cardiac hypertrophic response and its apparent crosstalk with signal pathways induced by stretch or hypertrophy stimulating factors. The benefits and perspectives of using cardiomyocyte primary culture as a hypertrophy model are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Bildyug
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 194064, Russia
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14
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Mouton AJ, Flynn ER, Moak SP, Aitken NM, Omoto ACM, Li X, da Silva AA, Wang Z, do Carmo JM, Hall JE. Dimethyl fumarate preserves left ventricular infarct integrity following myocardial infarction via modulation of cardiac macrophage and fibroblast oxidative metabolism. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 158:38-48. [PMID: 34023353 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of mortality and cardiovascular disease worldwide. MI is characterized by a substantial inflammatory response in the infarcted left ventricle (LV), followed by transition of quiescent fibroblasts to active myofibroblasts, which deposit collagen to form the reparative scar. Metabolic shifting between glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is an important mechanism by which these cell types transition towards reparative phenotypes. Thus, we hypothesized that dimethyl fumarate (DMF), a clinically approved anti-inflammatory agent with metabolic actions, would improve post-MI remodeling via modulation of macrophage and fibroblast metabolism. Adult male C57BL/6J mice were treated with DMF (10 mg/kg) for 3-7 days after MI. DMF attenuated LV infarct and non-infarct wall thinning at 3 and 7 days post-MI, and decreased LV dilation and pulmonary congestion at day 7. DMF improved LV infarct collagen deposition, myofibroblast activation, and angiogenesis at day 7. DMF also decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (Tnf) 3 days after MI, and decreased inflammatory markers in macrophages isolated from the infarcted heart (Hif1a, Il1b). In fibroblasts extracted from the infarcted heart at day 3, RNA-Seq analysis demonstrated that DMF promoted an anti-inflammatory/pro-reparative phenotype. By Seahorse analysis, DMF did not affect glycolysis in either macrophages or fibroblasts at day 3, but enhanced macrophage OXPHOS while impairing fibroblast OXPHOS. Our results indicate that DMF differentially affects macrophage and fibroblast metabolism, and promotes anti-inflammatory/pro-reparative actions. In conclusion, targeting cellular metabolism in the infarcted heart may be a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Mouton
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, United States of America; Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, United States of America.
| | - Elizabeth R Flynn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, United States of America
| | - Sydney P Moak
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, United States of America
| | - Nikaela M Aitken
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, United States of America
| | - Ana C M Omoto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, United States of America; Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, United States of America
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, United States of America; Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, United States of America
| | - Alexandre A da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, United States of America; Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, United States of America
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, United States of America; Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, United States of America
| | - Jussara M do Carmo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, United States of America; Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, United States of America
| | - John E Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, United States of America; Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, United States of America
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15
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Kuppuswamy D, Chinnakkannu P, Reese C, Hoffman S. The Caveolin-1 Scaffolding Domain Peptide Reverses Aging-Associated Deleterious Changes in Multiple Organs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 378:1-9. [PMID: 33879542 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a progressive, multifactorial, degenerative process in which deleterious changes occur in the biochemistry and function of organs. We showed that angiotensin II (AngII)-induced pathologies in the heart and kidney of young (3-month-old) mice are suppressed by the caveolin-1 scaffolding domain (CSD) peptide. Because AngII mediates many aging-associated changes, we explored whether CSD could reverse pre-existing pathologies and improve organ function in aged mice. Using 18-month-old mice (similar to 60-year-old humans), we found that >5-fold increases in leakage of serum proteins and >2-fold increases in fibrosis are associated with aging in the heart, kidney, and brain. Because tyrosine phosphorylation of cell junction proteins leads to the loss of microvascular barrier function, we analyzed the activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase PDGFR and the nonreceptor tyrosine kinases c-Src and Pyk2. We observed 5-fold activation of PDGFR and 2- to 3-fold activation of c-Src and Pyk2 in aged mice. Treatment with CSD for 4 weeks reversed these pathologic changes (microvascular leakage, fibrosis, kinase activation) in all organs almost down to the levels in healthy, young mice. In studies of heart function, CSD reduced the aging-associated increase in cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area and enhanced ventricular compliance in that echocardiographic studies demonstrated improved ejection fraction and fractional shortening and reduced isovolumic relation time. These results suggest that versions of CSD may be developed as treatments for aging-associated diseases in human patients based on the concept that CSD inhibits tyrosine kinases, leading to the inhibition of microvascular leakage and associated fibrosis, thereby improving organ function. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The caveolin-1 scaffolding domain (CSD) peptide reverses aging-associated fibrosis, microvascular leakage, and organ dysfunction in the heart, kidneys, and brain via a mechanism that involves the suppression of the activity of multiple tyrosine kinases, suggesting that CSD can be developed as a treatment for a wide range of diseases found primarily in the aged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhandapani Kuppuswamy
- Divisions of Cardiology (D.K., P.C.) and Rheumatology (C.R., S.H.), Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Panneerselvam Chinnakkannu
- Divisions of Cardiology (D.K., P.C.) and Rheumatology (C.R., S.H.), Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Charles Reese
- Divisions of Cardiology (D.K., P.C.) and Rheumatology (C.R., S.H.), Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Stanley Hoffman
- Divisions of Cardiology (D.K., P.C.) and Rheumatology (C.R., S.H.), Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina
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16
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Meagher PB, Lee XA, Lee J, Visram A, Friedberg MK, Connelly KA. Cardiac Fibrosis: Key Role of Integrins in Cardiac Homeostasis and Remodeling. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040770. [PMID: 33807373 PMCID: PMC8066890 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a common finding that is associated with the progression of heart failure (HF) and impacts all chambers of the heart. Despite intense research, the treatment of HF has primarily focused upon strategies to prevent cardiomyocyte remodeling, and there are no targeted antifibrotic strategies available to reverse cardiac fibrosis. Cardiac fibrosis is defined as an accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins which stiffen the myocardium resulting in the deterioration cardiac function. This occurs in response to a wide range of mechanical and biochemical signals. Integrins are transmembrane cell adhesion receptors, that integrate signaling between cardiac fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes with the ECM by the communication of mechanical stress signals. Integrins play an important role in the development of pathological ECM deposition. This review will discuss the role of integrins in mechano-transduced cardiac fibrosis in response to disease throughout the myocardium. This review will also demonstrate the important role of integrins as both initiators of the fibrotic response, and modulators of fibrosis through their effect on cardiac fibroblast physiology across the various heart chambers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick B. Meagher
- Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (P.B.M.); (X.A.L.); (J.L.); (A.V.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
| | - Xavier Alexander Lee
- Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (P.B.M.); (X.A.L.); (J.L.); (A.V.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
| | - Joseph Lee
- Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (P.B.M.); (X.A.L.); (J.L.); (A.V.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
| | - Aylin Visram
- Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (P.B.M.); (X.A.L.); (J.L.); (A.V.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
| | - Mark K. Friedberg
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Labatt Family Heart Center and Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Kim A. Connelly
- Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (P.B.M.); (X.A.L.); (J.L.); (A.V.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +141-686-45201
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17
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Bracco Gartner TCL, Stein JM, Muylaert DEP, Bouten CVC, Doevendans PA, Khademhosseini A, Suyker WJL, Sluijter JPG, Hjortnaes J. Advanced In Vitro Modeling to Study the Paradox of Mechanically Induced Cardiac Fibrosis. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2021; 27:100-114. [PMID: 33407000 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2020.0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In heart failure, cardiac fibrosis is the result of an adverse remodeling process. Collagen is continuously synthesized in the myocardium in an ongoing attempt of the heart to repair itself. The resulting collagen depositions act counterproductively, causing diastolic dysfunction and disturbing electrical conduction. Efforts to treat cardiac fibrosis specifically have not been successful and the molecular etiology is only partially understood. The differentiation of quiescent cardiac fibroblasts to extracellular matrix-depositing myofibroblasts is a hallmark of cardiac fibrosis and a key aspect of the adverse remodeling process. This conversion is induced by a complex interplay of biochemical signals and mechanical stimuli. Tissue-engineered 3D models to study cardiac fibroblast behavior in vitro indicate that cyclic strain can activate a myofibroblast phenotype. This raises the question how fibroblast quiescence is maintained in the healthy myocardium, despite continuous stimulation of ultimately profibrotic mechanotransductive pathways. In this review, we will discuss the convergence of biochemical and mechanical differentiation signals of myofibroblasts, and hypothesize how these affect this paradoxical quiescence. Impact statement Mechanotransduction pathways of cardiac fibroblasts seem to ultimately be profibrotic in nature, but in healthy human myocardium, cardiac fibroblasts remain quiescent, despite continuous mechanical stimulation. We propose three hypotheses that could explain this paradoxical state of affairs. Furthermore, we provide suggestions for future research, which should lead to a better understanding of fibroblast quiescence and activation, and ultimately to new strategies for the prevention and treatment of cardiac fibrosis and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C L Bracco Gartner
- Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen M Stein
- Division of Heart and Lungs, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dimitri E P Muylaert
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Carlijn V C Bouten
- Division of Soft Tissue Engineering and Mechanobiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter A Doevendans
- Division of Heart and Lungs, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Central Military Hospital, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Bioengineering, Radiology, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Willem J L Suyker
- Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Division of Heart and Lungs, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jesper Hjortnaes
- Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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18
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Maldonado H, Hagood JS. Cooperative signaling between integrins and growth factor receptors in fibrosis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:213-224. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-02026-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Sun Z, Zhang L, Li L, Shao C, Liu J, Zhou M, Wang Z. Galectin-3 mediates cardiac remodeling caused by impaired glucose and lipid metabolism through inhibiting two pathways of activating Akt. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H364-H380. [PMID: 33275526 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00523.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pathological cardiac remodeling is a leading cause of mortality in patients with diabetes. Given the glucose and lipid metabolism disorders (GLDs) in patients with diabetes, it is urgent to conduct a comprehensive study of the myocardial damage under GLDs and find key mechanisms. Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice, low-density lipoprotein receptor heterozygote (Ldlr+/-) Syrian golden hamsters, or H9C2 cells were used to construct GLDs models. GLDs significantly promoted cardiomyocyte fibrosis, apoptosis, and hypertrophy in vivo and in vitro, but inhibition of galectin-3 (Gal-3) could significantly reverse this process. Then, the signal transmission pathways were determined. It was found that GLDs considerably inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt at Thr308/Ser473, whereas the silencing of Gal-3 could reverse the inhibition of Akt activity through phosphoinositide 3-kinase-AktThr308 (PI3K-AktThr308) and AMP-activated protein kinase-mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2-AktSer473 (AMPK-mTOR2-AktSer473) pathways. Finally, the PI3K, mTOR, AMPK inhibitor, and Akt activator were used to investigate the role of pathways in regulating cardiac remodeling. Phospho-AktThr308 could mediate myocardial fibrosis, whereas myocardial apoptosis and hypertrophy were regulated by both phospho-AktThr308 and phospho-AktSer473. In conclusion, Gal-3 was an important regulatory factor in GLDs-induced cardiac remodeling, and Gal-3 could suppress the phosphorylation of Akt at different sites in mediating cardiomyocyte fibrosis, apoptosis, and hypertrophy.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Studies on the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiac remodeling are highly desired. Glucose and lipid metabolism are both disordered in diabetes. Glucose and lipid metabolism disturbances promote myocardial fibrosis, apoptosis, and hypertrophy through galectin-3. Galectin-3 promotes cardiac remodeling by inhibiting phosphorylation of AktThr308 or AktSer473. The present study finds that glucose and lipid metabolism disorders are important causes for myocardial damage and provides novel ideas for the prevention and treatment of diabetic cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chen Shao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Mengxue Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Patel NJ, Nassal DM, Gratz D, Hund TJ. Emerging therapeutic targets for cardiac arrhythmias: role of STAT3 in regulating cardiac fibroblast function. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 25:63-73. [PMID: 33170045 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1849145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction : Cardiac fibrosis contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and arrhythmia. Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are collagen-producing cells that regulate extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis. A complex signaling network has been defined linking environmental stress to changes in CF function and fibrosis. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) has emerged as a critical integrator of pro-fibrotic signals in CFs downstream of several established signaling networks. Areas covered : This article provides an overview of STAT3 function in CFs and its involvement in coordinating a vast web of intracellular pro-fibrotic signaling molecules and transcription factors. We highlight recent work elucidating a critical role for the fibroblast cytoskeleton in maintaining spatial and temporal control of STAT3-related signaling . Finally, we discuss potential opportunities and obstacles for therapeutic targeting of STAT3 to modulate cardiac fibrosis and arrhythmias. Relevant publications on the topic were identified through Pubmed. Expert opinion : Therapeutic targeting of STAT3 for CVD and arrhythmias presents unique challenges and opportunities. Thus, it is critical to consider the multimodal and dynamic nature of STAT3 signaling. Going forward, it will be beneficial to consider ways to maintain balanced STAT3 function, rather than large-scale perturbations in STAT3 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal J Patel
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, the Ohio State University , Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Drew M Nassal
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, the Ohio State University , Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Daniel Gratz
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, the Ohio State University , Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Thomas J Hund
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, the Ohio State University , Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus, OH, USA
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21
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Castillo EA, Lane KV, Pruitt BL. Micromechanobiology: Focusing on the Cardiac Cell-Substrate Interface. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2020; 22:257-284. [PMID: 32501769 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-092019-034950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Engineered, in vitro cardiac cell and tissue systems provide test beds for the study of cardiac development, cellular disease processes, and drug responses in a dish. Much effort has focused on improving the structure and function of engineered cardiomyocytes and heart tissues. However, these parameters depend critically on signaling through the cellular microenvironment in terms of ligand composition, matrix stiffness, and substrate mechanical properties-that is, matrix micromechanobiology. To facilitate improvements to in vitro microenvironment design, we review how cardiomyocytes and their microenvironment change during development and disease in terms of integrin expression and extracellular matrix (ECM) composition. We also discuss strategies used to bind proteins to common mechanobiology platforms and describe important differences in binding strength to the substrate. Finally, we review example biomaterial approaches designed to support and probe cell-ECM interactions of cardiomyocytes in vitro, as well as open questions and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica A Castillo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; .,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA;
| | - Kerry V Lane
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA;
| | - Beth L Pruitt
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA; .,Biomolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA;
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22
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Li S, Nguyen NUN, Xiao F, Menendez-Montes I, Nakada Y, Tan WLW, Anene-Nzelu CG, Foo RS, Thet S, Cardoso AC, Wang P, Elhelaly WM, Lam NT, Pereira AHM, Hill JA, Sadek HA. Mechanism of Eccentric Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy Secondary to Severe Mitral Regurgitation. Circulation 2020; 141:1787-1799. [PMID: 32272846 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.043939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary valvular heart disease is a prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality in both industrialized and developing countries. Although the primary consequence of valvular heart disease is myocardial dysfunction, treatment of valvular heart diseases centers around valve repair or replacement rather than prevention or reversal of myocardial dysfunction. This is particularly evident in primary mitral regurgitation (MR), which invariably results in eccentric hypertrophy and left ventricular (LV) failure in the absence of timely valve repair or replacement. The mechanism of LV dysfunction in primary severe MR is entirely unknown. METHODS Here, we developed the first mouse model of severe MR. Valvular damage was achieved by severing the mitral valve leaflets and chords with iridectomy scissors, and MR was confirmed by echocardiography. Serial echocardiography was performed to follow up LV morphology and systolic function. Analysis of cardiac tissues was subsequently performed to evaluate valve deformation, cardiomyocyte morphology, LV fibrosis, and cell death. Finally, dysregulated pathways were assessed by RNA-sequencing analysis and immunofluorescence. RESULTS In the ensuing 15 weeks after the induction of MR, gradual LV dilatation and dysfunction occurred, resulting in severe systolic dysfunction. Further analysis revealed that severe MR resulted in a marked increase in cardiac mass and increased cardiomyocyte length but not width, with electron microscopic evidence of sarcomere disarray and the development of sarcomere disruption. From a mechanistic standpoint, severe MR resulted in activation of multiple components of both the mammalian target of rapamycin and calcineurin pathways. Inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin signaling preserved sarcomeric structure and prevented LV remodeling and systolic dysfunction. Immunohistochemical analysis uncovered a differential pattern of expression of the cell polarity regulator Crb2 (crumbs homolog 2) along the longitudinal axis of cardiomyocytes and close to the intercalated disks in the MR hearts. Electron microscopy images demonstrated a significant increase in polysome localization in close proximity to the intercalated disks and some areas along the longitudinal axis in the MR hearts. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that LV dysfunction in response to severe MR is a form of maladaptive eccentric cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and outline the link between cell polarity regulation and spatial localization protein synthesis as a pathway for directional cardiomyocyte growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Li
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (S.L.).,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China (S.L.).,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology (S.L., N.U.N.N., F.X., I.M.-M., Y.N., S.T., A.C.C., P.W., W.M.E., N.T.L., A.H.M.P., J.A.H., H.A.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Ngoc Uyen Nhi Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology (S.L., N.U.N.N., F.X., I.M.-M., Y.N., S.T., A.C.C., P.W., W.M.E., N.T.L., A.H.M.P., J.A.H., H.A.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Feng Xiao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology (S.L., N.U.N.N., F.X., I.M.-M., Y.N., S.T., A.C.C., P.W., W.M.E., N.T.L., A.H.M.P., J.A.H., H.A.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Ivan Menendez-Montes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology (S.L., N.U.N.N., F.X., I.M.-M., Y.N., S.T., A.C.C., P.W., W.M.E., N.T.L., A.H.M.P., J.A.H., H.A.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Yuji Nakada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology (S.L., N.U.N.N., F.X., I.M.-M., Y.N., S.T., A.C.C., P.W., W.M.E., N.T.L., A.H.M.P., J.A.H., H.A.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Wilson Lek Wen Tan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University of Singapore (W.L.W.T., C.G.A.-N., R.S.F.).,Genome Institute of Singapore (W.L.W.T., C.G.A.-N., R.S.F.)
| | - Chukwuemeka George Anene-Nzelu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University of Singapore (W.L.W.T., C.G.A.-N., R.S.F.).,Genome Institute of Singapore (W.L.W.T., C.G.A.-N., R.S.F.)
| | - Roger S Foo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University of Singapore (W.L.W.T., C.G.A.-N., R.S.F.).,Genome Institute of Singapore (W.L.W.T., C.G.A.-N., R.S.F.)
| | - Suwannee Thet
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology (S.L., N.U.N.N., F.X., I.M.-M., Y.N., S.T., A.C.C., P.W., W.M.E., N.T.L., A.H.M.P., J.A.H., H.A.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Alisson Campos Cardoso
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology (S.L., N.U.N.N., F.X., I.M.-M., Y.N., S.T., A.C.C., P.W., W.M.E., N.T.L., A.H.M.P., J.A.H., H.A.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.,Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo (A.C.C., A.H.M.P.)
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology (S.L., N.U.N.N., F.X., I.M.-M., Y.N., S.T., A.C.C., P.W., W.M.E., N.T.L., A.H.M.P., J.A.H., H.A.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Waleed M Elhelaly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology (S.L., N.U.N.N., F.X., I.M.-M., Y.N., S.T., A.C.C., P.W., W.M.E., N.T.L., A.H.M.P., J.A.H., H.A.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Nicholas T Lam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology (S.L., N.U.N.N., F.X., I.M.-M., Y.N., S.T., A.C.C., P.W., W.M.E., N.T.L., A.H.M.P., J.A.H., H.A.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Ana Helena Macedo Pereira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology (S.L., N.U.N.N., F.X., I.M.-M., Y.N., S.T., A.C.C., P.W., W.M.E., N.T.L., A.H.M.P., J.A.H., H.A.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.,Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo (A.C.C., A.H.M.P.)
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology (S.L., N.U.N.N., F.X., I.M.-M., Y.N., S.T., A.C.C., P.W., W.M.E., N.T.L., A.H.M.P., J.A.H., H.A.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.,Department of Molecular Biology (J.A.H., H.A.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Hesham A Sadek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology (S.L., N.U.N.N., F.X., I.M.-M., Y.N., S.T., A.C.C., P.W., W.M.E., N.T.L., A.H.M.P., J.A.H., H.A.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.,Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine (H.A.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.,Department of Molecular Biology (J.A.H., H.A.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
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23
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Chiasson V, Takano APC, Guleria RS, Gupta S. Deficiency of MicroRNA miR-1954 Promotes Cardiac Remodeling and Fibrosis. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e012880. [PMID: 31640463 PMCID: PMC6898847 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.012880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Cardiac fibrosis occurs because of disruption of the extracellular matrix network leading to myocardial dysfunction. Angiotensin II (AngII) has been implicated in the development of cardiac fibrosis. Recently, microRNAs have been identified as an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in cardiac pathologies; however, the underlying mechanism of microRNAs in cardiac fibrosis remains unclear. Next-generation sequencing analysis identified a novel characterized microRNA, miR-1954, that was significantly reduced in AngII-infused mice. The finding led us to hypothesize that deficiency of miR-1954 triggers cardiac fibrosis. Methods and Results A transgenic mouse was created using α-MHC (α-myosin heavy chain) promoter and was challenged with AngII infusion. AngII induced cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling. The in vivo overexpression of miR-1954 showed significant reduction in cardiac mass and blood pressure in AngII-infused mice. Further analysis showed significant reduction in cardiac fibrotic genes, hypertrophy marker genes, and an inflammatory gene and restoration of a calcium-regulated gene (Atp2a2 [ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transporting 2]; also known as SERCA2), but no changes were observed in apoptotic genes. THBS1 (thrombospondin 1) is indicated as a target gene for miR-1954. Conclusions Our findings provide evidence, for the first time, that miR-1954 plays a critical role in cardiac fibrosis by targeting THBS1. We conclude that promoting the level of miR-1954 would be a promising strategy for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rakeshwar S. Guleria
- Department of Medical PhysiologyTexas A&M UniversityTempleTX
- VISN 17 Center of Excellence on Returning War VeteransWacoTX
| | - Sudhiranjan Gupta
- Department of BiologyBaylor UniversityWacoTX
- Department of Medical PhysiologyTexas A&M UniversityTempleTX
- VISN 17 Center of Excellence on Returning War VeteransWacoTX
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24
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Chinnakkannu P, Reese C, Gaspar JA, Panneerselvam S, Pleasant-Jenkins D, Mukherjee R, Baicu C, Tourkina E, Hoffman S, Kuppuswamy D. Suppression of angiotensin II-induced pathological changes in heart and kidney by the caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptide. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207844. [PMID: 30576317 PMCID: PMC6303044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system leads to systemic hypertension and maladaptive fibrosis in various organs. We showed recently that myocardial fibrosis and the loss of cardiac function in mice with transverse aortic constriction (TAC) could be averted by treatment with the caveolin-1 scaffolding domain (CSD) peptide. Here, we used angiotensin II (AngII) infusion (2.1 mg/kg/day for 2 wk) in mice as a second model to confirm and extend our observations on the beneficial effects of CSD on heart and kidney disease. AngII caused cardiac hypertrophy (increased heart weight to body weight ratio (HW/BW) and cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area); fibrosis in heart and kidney (increased levels of collagen I and heat shock protein-47 (HSP47)); and vascular leakage (increased levels of IgG in heart and kidney). Echocardiograms of AngII-infused mice showed increased left ventricular posterior wall thickness (pWTh) and isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT), and decreased ejection fraction (EF), stroke volume (SV), and cardiac output (CO). CSD treatment (i.p. injections, 50 μg/mouse/day) of AngII-infused mice significantly suppressed all of these pathological changes in fibrosis, hypertrophy, vascular leakage, and ventricular function. AngII infusion increased β1 and β3 integrin levels and activated Pyk2 in both heart and kidney. These changes were also suppressed by CSD. Finally, bone marrow cell (BMC) isolated from AngII-infused mice showed hyper-migration toward SDF1. When AngII-infused mice were treated with CSD, BMC migration was reduced to the basal level observed in cells from control mice. Importantly, CSD did not affect the AngII-induced increase in blood pressure (BP), indicating that the beneficial effects of CSD were not mediated via normalization of BP. These results strongly indicate that CSD suppresses AngII-induced pathological changes in mice, suggesting that CSD can be developed as a treatment for patients with hypertension and pressure overload-induced heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panneerselvam Chinnakkannu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Charles Reese
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | | | - Saraswathi Panneerselvam
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Dorea Pleasant-Jenkins
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Rupak Mukherjee
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Catalin Baicu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Elena Tourkina
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Stanley Hoffman
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Dhandapani Kuppuswamy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
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25
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Extracellular ubiquitin modulates cardiac fibroblast phenotype and function via its interaction with CXCR4. Life Sci 2018; 211:8-16. [PMID: 30195032 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) stimulation increases extracellular levels of ubiquitin (UB), and exogenous UB plays an important role in β-AR-stimulated myocardial remodeling with effects on heart function, fibrosis and myocyte apoptosis. Cardiac fibroblasts are vital for maintaining the normal function of the heart, and in the structural remodeling of the heart in response to injury. Here we hypothesized that extracellular UB modulates cardiac fibroblast phenotype and function via its interaction with CXC chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4). MAIN METHODS Serum starved adult cardiac fibroblasts were used to identify CXCR4 as a receptor for UB. Fluorescent microscopy, co-immunoprecipitation, western blot, proliferation, migration and collagen contraction assays were performed to investigate the role of UB/CXCR4 axis on cell signaling, and modulation of fibroblast phenotype and function. KEY FINDINGS Using fluorescent microscopy and co-immunoprecipitation assay, we provide evidence that extracellular UB interacts with CXCR4. CXCR4 antagonist, AMD3100, inhibited interaction of UB with CXCR4. UB activated ERK1/2, not Akt. It enhanced VEGF-A expression, while decreasing β3 integrins expression. Two mutated UB proteins (V70A and F4A; unable to interact with CXCR4) failed to affect the expression of VEGF-A and β3 integrins. UB treatment inhibited migration of cells into the wound and FBS-stimulated cell proliferation. UB enhanced expression of α-smooth muscle actin (marker of myofibroblast differentiation) and contraction of fibroblast-populated collagen gel pads. Most of the effects of UB were negated by AMD3100. SIGNIFICANCE The data presented here suggest that UB interacts with CXCR4, and UB/CXCR4 interaction affects intracellular signaling, and modulates fibroblast phenotype and function.
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26
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Trial J, Cieslik KA. Changes in cardiac resident fibroblast physiology and phenotype in aging. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H745-H755. [PMID: 29906228 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00237.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The cardiac fibroblast plays a central role in tissue homeostasis and in repair after injury. With aging, dysregulated cardiac fibroblasts have a reduced capacity to activate a canonical transforming growth factor-β-Smad pathway and differentiate poorly into contractile myofibroblasts. That results in the formation of an insufficient scar after myocardial infarction. In contrast, in the uninjured aged heart, fibroblasts are activated and acquire a profibrotic phenotype that leads to interstitial fibrosis, ventricular stiffness, and diastolic dysfunction, all conditions that may lead to heart failure. There is an apparent paradox in aging, wherein reparative fibrosis is impaired but interstitial, adverse fibrosis is augmented. This could be explained by analyzing the effectiveness of signaling pathways in resident fibroblasts from young versus aged hearts. Whereas defective signaling by transforming growth factor-β leads to insufficient scar formation by myofibroblasts, enhanced activation of the ERK1/2 pathway may be responsible for interstitial fibrosis mediated by activated fibroblasts. Listen to this article's corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/fibroblast-phenotypic-changes-in-the-aging-heart/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- JoAnn Trial
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
| | - Katarzyna A Cieslik
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
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27
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Nguyen-Truong M, Wang Z. Biomechanical Properties and Mechanobiology of Cardiac ECM. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1098:1-19. [PMID: 30238363 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-97421-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The heart is comprised of cardiac cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) which function together to pump blood throughout the body, provide organs with nutrients and oxygen, and remove metabolic wastes. Cardiac ECM provides a scaffold to cardiac cells and contributes to the mechanical properties and function of the cardiac tissue. Recently, more evidence suggests that cardiac ECM plays an active role in cardiac remodeling in response to mechanical loads. To that end, we provide an overview of the structure and function of the heart and the currently available in vivo and ex vivo mechanical measurements of cardiac tissues. We also review the biomechanical properties of cardiac tissues including the myocardium and heart valves, with a discussion on the differences between the right ventricle and left ventricle. Lastly, we go into the mechanical factors involved in cardiac remodeling and review the mechanobiology of cardiac tissues, i.e., the biomechanical responses at the cellular and tissue level, with an emphasis on the impact on the cardiac ECM. The regulation of cardiac ECM on cell function, which is a new and open area of research, is also briefly discussed. Future investigation into the ECM deposition and the interaction of cardiac cells and ECM components for mechanotransduction can assist to understand cardiac remodeling and inspire new therapies for cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhijie Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA. .,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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28
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Liu S, Jiang Z, Qiao L, Guo B, Xiao W, Zhang X, Chang L, Li Y. Integrin β-3 is required for the attachment, retention and therapeutic benefits of human cardiospheres in myocardial infarction. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:382-389. [PMID: 29024385 PMCID: PMC5742734 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading causes of death worldwide. Stem cell therapy offers a promising option to regenerate injured myocardium. Among the various types of stem cells, cardiosphere cells represent a mixture of intrinsic heart stem cells and supporting cells. The safety and efficacy of cardiosphere cells have been demonstrated in recent clinical trials. Cell–matrix interaction plays an important role in mediating the engraftment of injected stem cells. Here, we studied the role of integrin β‐3 in cardiosphere‐mediated cell therapy in a mouse model of myocardial infarction. Our results indicated that inhibiting integrin β‐3 reduced attachment, retention and therapeutic benefits of human cardiospheres in mice with acute myocardial infarction. This suggests integrin β‐3 plays an important role in cardiosphere‐mediated heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyun Liu
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhian Jiang
- The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li Qiao
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bingyan Guo
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenliang Xiao
- The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhang
- The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Liang Chang
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yongjun Li
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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29
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Herum KM, Lunde IG, McCulloch AD, Christensen G. The Soft- and Hard-Heartedness of Cardiac Fibroblasts: Mechanotransduction Signaling Pathways in Fibrosis of the Heart. J Clin Med 2017; 6:jcm6050053. [PMID: 28534817 PMCID: PMC5447944 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6050053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis, the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), remains an unresolved problem in most forms of heart disease. In order to be successful in preventing, attenuating or reversing cardiac fibrosis, it is essential to understand the processes leading to ECM production and accumulation. Cardiac fibroblasts are the main producers of cardiac ECM, and harbor great phenotypic plasticity. They are activated by the disease-associated changes in mechanical properties of the heart, including stretch and increased tissue stiffness. Despite much remaining unknown, an interesting body of evidence exists on how mechanical forces are translated into transcriptional responses important for determination of fibroblast phenotype and production of ECM constituents. Such mechanotransduction can occur at multiple cellular locations including the plasma membrane, cytoskeleton and nucleus. Moreover, the ECM functions as a reservoir of pro-fibrotic signaling molecules that can be released upon mechanical stress. We here review the current status of knowledge of mechanotransduction signaling pathways in cardiac fibroblasts that culminate in pro-fibrotic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M Herum
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Ida G Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Andrew D McCulloch
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
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Pleasant-Jenkins D, Reese C, Chinnakkannu P, Kasiganesan H, Tourkina E, Hoffman S, Kuppuswamy D. Reversal of maladaptive fibrosis and compromised ventricular function in the pressure overloaded heart by a caveolin-1 surrogate peptide. J Transl Med 2017; 97:370-382. [PMID: 28112757 PMCID: PMC5909408 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic ventricular pressure overload (PO) results in congestive heart failure (CHF) in which myocardial fibrosis develops in concert with ventricular dysfunction. Caveolin-1 is important in fibrosis in various tissues due to its decreased expression in fibroblasts and monocytes. The profibrotic effects of low caveolin-1 can be blocked with the caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptide (CSD, a caveolin-1 surrogate) using both mouse models and human cells. We have studied the beneficial effects of CSD on mice in which PO was induced by trans-aortic constriction (TAC). Beneficial effects observed in TAC mice receiving CSD injections daily included: improved ventricular function (increased ejection fraction, stroke volume, and cardiac output; reduced wall thickness); decreased collagen I, collagen chaperone HSP47, fibronectin, and CTGF levels; decreased activation of non-receptor tyrosine kinases Pyk2 and Src; and decreased activation of eNOS. To determine the source of cells that contribute to fibrosis in CHF, flow cytometric studies were performed that suggested that myofibroblasts in the heart are in large part bone marrow-derived. Two CD45+ cell populations were observed. One (Zone 1) contained CD45+/HSP47-/macrophage marker+ cells (macrophages). The second (Zone 2) contained CD45moderate/HSP47+/macrophage marker- cells often defined as fibrocytes. TAC increased the number of cells in Zones 1 and 2 and the level of HSP47 in Zone 2. These studies are a first step in elucidating the mechanism of action of CSD in heart fibrosis and promoting the development of CSD as a novel treatment to reduce fibrosis and improve ventricular function in CHF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorea Pleasant-Jenkins
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Charles Reese
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | - Harinath Kasiganesan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Elena Tourkina
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Stanley Hoffman
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Dhandapani Kuppuswamy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Charleston, SC, USA
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Civitarese RA, Kapus A, McCulloch CA, Connelly KA. Role of integrins in mediating cardiac fibroblast–cardiomyocyte cross talk: a dynamic relationship in cardiac biology and pathophysiology. Basic Res Cardiol 2016; 112:6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-016-0598-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Novel therapeutic strategies targeting fibroblasts and fibrosis in heart disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2016; 15:620-638. [PMID: 27339799 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2016.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the functions of cardiac fibroblasts has moved beyond their roles in heart structure and extracellular matrix generation and now includes their contributions to paracrine, mechanical and electrical signalling during ontogenesis and normal cardiac activity. Fibroblasts also have central roles in pathogenic remodelling during myocardial ischaemia, hypertension and heart failure. As key contributors to scar formation, they are crucial for tissue repair after interventions including surgery and ablation. Novel experimental approaches targeting cardiac fibroblasts are promising potential therapies for heart disease. Indeed, several existing drugs act, at least partially, through effects on cardiac connective tissue. This Review outlines the origins and roles of fibroblasts in cardiac development, homeostasis and disease; illustrates the involvement of fibroblasts in current and emerging clinical interventions; and identifies future targets for research and development.
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Sundararaj K, Pleasant DL, Moschella PC, Panneerselvam K, Balasubramanian S, Kuppuswamy D. mTOR Complexes Repress Hypertrophic Agonist-Stimulated Expression of Connective Tissue Growth Factor in Adult Cardiac Muscle Cells. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2016; 67:110-20. [PMID: 26371948 PMCID: PMC7334753 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a fibrogenic cytokine that promotes fibrosis in various organs. In the heart, both cardiomyocytes (CM) and cardiac fibroblasts have been reported as a source of CTGF expression, aiding cardiac fibrosis. Although the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) forms 2 distinct complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, and plays a central role in integrating biochemical signals for protein synthesis and cellular homeostasis, we explored its role in CTGF expression in adult feline CM. CM were stimulated with 10 μM phenylephrine (PE), 200 nM angiotensin (Ang), or 100 nM insulin for 24 hours. PE and Ang, but not insulin, caused an increase in CTGF mRNA expression with the highest expression observed with PE. Inhibition of mTOR with torin1 but not rapamycin significantly enhanced PE-stimulated CTGF expression. Furthermore, silencing of raptor and rictor using shRNA adenoviral vectors to suppress mTORC1 and mTORC2, respectively, or blocking phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling with LY294002 (LY) or Akt signaling by dominant-negative Akt expression caused a substantial increase in PE-stimulated CTGF expression as measured by both mRNA and secreted protein levels. However, studies with dominant-negative delta isoform of protein kinase C demonstrate that delta isoform of protein kinase C is required for both agonist-induced CTGF expression and mTORC2/Akt-mediated CTGF suppression. Finally, PE-stimulated CTGF expression was accompanied with a corresponding increase in Smad3 phosphorylation and pretreatment of cells with SIS3, a Smad3 specific inhibitor, partially blocked the PE-stimulated CTGF expression. Therefore, a PI3K/mTOR/Akt axis plays a suppressive role on agonist-stimulated CTGF expression where the loss of this mechanism could be a contributing factor for the onset of cardiac fibrosis in the hypertrophying myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamala Sundararaj
- Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425-2221
| | - Dorea L. Pleasant
- Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425-2221
| | - Phillip C. Moschella
- Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425-2221
| | - Kavin Panneerselvam
- Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425-2221
| | - Sundaravadivel Balasubramanian
- Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425-2221
| | - Dhandapani Kuppuswamy
- Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425-2221
- Corresponding author at: Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 114 Doughty Street, Charleston, South Carolina 29425-2221 Telephone: 843-876 5067; Fax: 843-876 5068;
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Chen WCW, Lee BG, Park DW, Kim K, Chu H, Kim K, Huard J, Wang Y. Controlled dual delivery of fibroblast growth factor-2 and Interleukin-10 by heparin-based coacervate synergistically enhances ischemic heart repair. Biomaterials 2015; 72:138-51. [PMID: 26370927 PMCID: PMC4617784 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) causes myocardial necrosis, triggers chronic inflammatory responses, and leads to pathological remodeling. Controlled delivery of a combination of angiogenic and immunoregulatory proteins may be a promising therapeutic approach for MI. We investigated the bioactivity and therapeutic potential of an injectable, heparin-based coacervate co-delivering an angiogenic factor, fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2), and an anti-inflammatory cytokine, Interleukin-10 (IL-10) in a spatially and temporally controlled manner. Coacervate delivery of FGF2 and IL-10 preserved their bioactivities on cardiac stromal cell proliferation in vitro. Upon intramyocardial injection into a mouse MI model, echocardiography revealed that FGF2/IL-10 coacervate treated groups showed significantly improved long-term LV contractile function and ameliorated LV dilatation. FGF2/IL-10 coacervate substantially augmented LV myocardial elasticity. Additionally, FGF2/IL-10 coacervate notably enhanced long-term revascularization, especially at the infarct area. In addition, coacervate loaded with 500 ng FGF2 and 500 ng IL-10 significantly reduced LV fibrosis, considerably preserved infarct wall thickness, and markedly inhibited chronic inflammation at the infarct area. These results indicate that FGF2/IL-10 coacervate has notably greater therapeutic potential than coacervate containing only FGF2. Overall, our data suggest therapeutically synergistic effects of FGF-2/IL-10 coacervate, particularly coacervate with FGF2 and 500 ng IL-10, for the treatment of ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C W Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Brandon G Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Dae Woo Park
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, 15260, USA; Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Kyobum Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; Division of Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hunghao Chu
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Kang Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, 15260, USA; Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Johnny Huard
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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Chen C, Li R, Ross RS, Manso AM. Integrins and integrin-related proteins in cardiac fibrosis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 93:162-74. [PMID: 26562414 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is one of the major components of the healing mechanism following any injury of the heart and as such may contribute to both systolic and diastolic dysfunction in a range of pathophysiologic conditions. Canonically, it can occur as part of the remodeling process that occurs following myocardial infarction or that follows as a response to pressure overload. Integrins are cell surface receptors which act in both cellular adhesion and signaling. Most importantly, in the context of the continuously contracting myocardium, they are recognized as mechanotransducers. They have been implicated in the development of fibrosis in several organs, including the heart. This review will focus on the involvement of integrins and integrin-related proteins, in cardiac fibrosis, outlining the roles of these proteins in the fibrotic responses in specific cardiac pathologies, discuss some of the common end effectors (angiotensin II, transforming growth factor beta 1 and mechanical stress) through which integrins function and finally discuss how manipulation of this set of proteins may lead to new treatments which could prove useful to alter the deleterious effects of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093-0613, USA; Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.
| | - Ruixia Li
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093-0613, USA; Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.
| | - Robert S Ross
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093-0613, USA; Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.
| | - Ana Maria Manso
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093-0613, USA; Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.
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Balasubramanian S, Pleasant DL, Kasiganesan H, Quinones L, Zhang Y, Sundararaj KP, Roche S, O’Connor R, Bradshaw AD, Kuppuswamy D. Dasatinib Attenuates Pressure Overload Induced Cardiac Fibrosis in a Murine Transverse Aortic Constriction Model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140273. [PMID: 26458186 PMCID: PMC4601773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive cardiac fibrosis resulting from chronic pressure overload (PO) compromises ventricular function and contributes to congestive heart failure. We explored whether nonreceptor tyrosine kinases (NTKs) play a key role in fibrosis by activating cardiac fibroblasts (CFb), and could potentially serve as a target to reduce PO-induced cardiac fibrosis. Our studies were carried out in PO mouse myocardium induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Administration of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, dasatinib, via an intraperitoneally implanted mini-osmotic pump at 0.44 mg/kg/day reduced PO-induced accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and improved left ventricular geometry and function. Furthermore, dasatinib treatment inhibited NTK activation (primarily Pyk2 and Fak) and reduced the level of FSP1 positive cells in the PO myocardium. In vitro studies using cultured mouse CFb showed that dasatinib treatment at 50 nM reduced: (i) extracellular accumulation of both collagen and fibronectin, (ii) both basal and PDGF-stimulated activation of Pyk2, (iii) nuclear accumulation of Ki67, SKP2 and histone-H2B and (iv) PDGF-stimulated CFb proliferation and migration. However, dasatinib did not affect cardiomyocyte morphologies in either the ventricular tissue after in vivo administration or in isolated cells after in vitro treatment. Mass spectrometric quantification of dasatinib in cultured cells indicated that the uptake of dasatinib by CFb was greater that that taken up by cardiomyocytes. Dasatinib treatment primarily suppressed PDGF but not insulin-stimulated signaling (Erk versus Akt activation) in both CFb and cardiomyocytes. These data indicate that dasatinib treatment at lower doses than that used in chemotherapy has the capacity to reduce hypertrophy-associated fibrosis and improve ventricular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundaravadivel Balasubramanian
- Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, 114 Doughty Street, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Dorea L. Pleasant
- Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, 114 Doughty Street, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Harinath Kasiganesan
- Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, 114 Doughty Street, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lakeya Quinones
- Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, 114 Doughty Street, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yuhua Zhang
- Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, 114 Doughty Street, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kamala P. Sundararaj
- Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, 114 Doughty Street, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | | | | | - Amy D. Bradshaw
- Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, 114 Doughty Street, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Dhandapani Kuppuswamy
- Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, 114 Doughty Street, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Fibrotic cardiac disease, a leading cause of death worldwide, manifests as substantial loss of function following maladaptive tissue remodeling. Fibrosis can affect both the heart valves and the myocardium and is characterized by the activation of fibroblasts and accumulation of extracellular matrix. Valvular interstitial cells and cardiac fibroblasts, the cell types responsible for maintenance of cardiac extracellular matrix, are sensitive to changing mechanical environments, and their ability to sense and respond to mechanical forces determines both normal development and the progression of disease. Recent studies have uncovered specific adhesion proteins and mechano-sensitive signaling pathways that contribute to the progression of fibrosis. Integrins form adhesions with the extracellular matrix, and respond to changes in substrate stiffness and extracellular matrix composition. Cadherins mechanically link neighboring cells and are likely to contribute to fibrotic disease propagation. Finally, transition to the active myofibroblast phenotype leads to maladaptive tissue remodeling and enhanced mechanotransductive signaling, forming a positive feedback loop that contributes to heart failure. This Commentary summarizes recent findings on the role of mechanotransduction through integrins and cadherins to perpetuate mechanically induced differentiation and fibrosis in the context of cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison K Schroer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - W David Merryman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
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Alterations in Salivary Proteome following Single Twenty-Minute Session of Yogic Breathing. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:376029. [PMID: 25873979 PMCID: PMC4383272 DOI: 10.1155/2015/376029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Yogic breathing (YB) has been suggested to reduce stress and blood pressure and increase cognitive processes. However, alterations after YB at the molecular level are not well established. Twenty healthy volunteers were randomized into two groups (N = 10 per group): YB or attention controls (AC). The YB group performed two YB exercises, each for ten minutes, for a total of twenty minutes in a single session. AC group read a text of their choice for 20 minutes. Saliva was collected at baseline and at 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes. Using Mass Spectrometry (MS), we initially found that 22 proteins were differentially expressed and then validated deleted in malignant brain tumor-1 (DMBT1) and Ig lambda-2 chain C region (IGLC2) using Western Blotting. DMBT1 was elevated in 7 of YB group by 10-fold and 11-fold at 10 and 15 minutes, respectively, whereas it was undetectable in the time-matched AC group (P < 0.05). There was a significant interaction between groups and time assessed by two-way ANOVA (P < 0.001). IGLC2 also showed a significant increase in YB group as measured by Western Blotting. These data are the first to demonstrate the feasibility of stimulating and detecting salivary protein biomarkers in response to an acute Yoga exercise. This trial is registered with ClincalTrials.gov NCT02108769.
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Dostal D, Glaser S, Baudino TA. Cardiac Fibroblast Physiology and Pathology. Compr Physiol 2015; 5:887-909. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Vitronectin-binding PAI-1 protects against the development of cardiac fibrosis through interaction with fibroblasts. J Transl Med 2014; 94:633-44. [PMID: 24687120 PMCID: PMC4361016 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2014.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) promotes or abates fibrotic processes occurring in different organs. Binding of PAI-1 to vitronectin, an extracellular matrix component, may inhibit vitronectin-integrin complex-mediated cellular responses in pathophysiological conditions. To investigate the importance of plasmin suppression vs vitronectin-binding pathways of PAI-1 in cardiac fibrosis, we studied uninephrectomized mice fed a high salt diet and infused with angiotensin II (Ang II) together with different PAI-1 variants, including PAI-1AK (AK) that inhibits plasminogen activators but does not bind vitronectin, PAI-1RR (RR) that binds vitronectin but does not have protease inhibitory effects or control PAI-1 (CPAI), the control mutant that has similar molecular backbone and half-life as AK and RR while retaining all functions of native PAI-1. Compared with RR and CPAI, non-vitronectin-binding AK significantly increased expression of cardiac fibroblast marker, periostin (Ang+AK 8.40±3.55 vs Ang+RR 2.23±0.44 and Ang+CPAI 2.33±0.12% positive area, both P<0.05) and cardiac fibrosis (Ang+AK 1.79±0.26% vs Ang+RR 0.91±0.18% and Ang+CPAI 0.81±0.12% fibrotic area, both P<0.05), as well as Col1 mRNA (Ang+AK 12.81±1.84 vs Ang+RR 4.04±1.06 and Ang+CPAI 5.23±1.21 fold increase, both P<0.05). To elucidate mechanisms underlying the protective effects of vitronectin-binding PAI-1 against fibrosis, fibroblasts from normal adult human ventricles were stimulated with Ang and different PAI-1 variants. Protease inhibitory AK and CPAI increased supernatant fibronectin, while decreasing plasminogen activator/plasmin activities and matrix metalloproteinase. RR and CPAI variants significantly reduced fibroblast expression of integrin β3, vitronectin level in the supernatant and fibroblast adhesion to vitronectin compared with the non-vitronectin-binding AK. Further, RR and CPAI preserved apoptotic, decreased anti-apoptotic and proliferative activities in fibroblasts. Thus, PAI-1 promotes or protects against development of cardiac fibrosis differentially through the protease inhibitory pathway or through its binding to vitronectin.
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Goldsmith EC, Bradshaw AD, Zile MR, Spinale FG. Myocardial fibroblast-matrix interactions and potential therapeutic targets. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 70:92-9. [PMID: 24472826 PMCID: PMC4005609 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic structure, adapting to physiological and pathological stresses placed on the myocardium. Deposition and organization of the matrix fall under the purview of cardiac fibroblasts. While often overlooked compared to myocytes, fibroblasts play a critical role in maintaining ECM homeostasis under normal conditions and in response to pathological stimuli assume an activated, myofibroblast phenotype associated with excessive collagen accumulation contributing to impaired cardiac function. Complete appreciation of fibroblast function is hampered by the lack of fibroblast-specific reagents and the heterogeneity of fibroblast precursors. This is further complicated by our ability to dissect the role of myofibroblasts versus fibroblasts in myocardial in remodeling. This review highlights critical points in the regulation of collagen deposition by fibroblasts, the current panel of molecular tools used to identify fibroblasts and the role of fibroblast-matrix interactions in fibroblast function and differentiation into the myofibroblast phenotype. The clinical potential of exploiting differences between fibroblasts and myofibroblasts and using them to target specific fibroblast populations is also discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Myocyte-Fibroblast Signalling in Myocardium."
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Affiliation(s)
- Edie C Goldsmith
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, USA.
| | - Amy D Bradshaw
- Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA; Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Michael R Zile
- Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA; Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Francis G Spinale
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, USA; Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, USA; WJB Dorn Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, SC, USA
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Volkert G, Jahn A, Dinkel C, Fahlbusch F, Zürn C, Hilgers KF, Rascher W, Hartner A, Marek I. Contribution of the α8 Integrin Chain to the Expression of Extracellular Matrix Components. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 21:89-98. [DOI: 10.3109/15419061.2013.876012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Goldsmith EC, Bradshaw AD, Spinale FG. Cellular mechanisms of tissue fibrosis. 2. Contributory pathways leading to myocardial fibrosis: moving beyond collagen expression. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2012; 304:C393-402. [PMID: 23174564 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00347.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
While the term "fibrosis" can be misleading in terms of the complex patterns and processes of myocardial extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, fibrillar collagen accumulation is a common consequence of relevant pathophysiological stimuli, such as pressure overload (PO) and myocardial infarction (MI). Fibrillar collagen accumulation in both PO and MI is predicated on a number of diverse cellular and extracellular events, which include changes in fibroblast phenotype (transdifferentiation), posttranslational processing and assembly, and finally, degradation. The expansion of a population of transformed fibroblasts/myofibroblasts is a significant cellular event with respect to ECM remodeling in both PO and MI. The concept that this cellular expansion within the myocardial ECM may be due, at least in part, to endothelial-mesenchymal transformation and thereby not dissimilar to events observed in cancer progression holds intriguing future possibilities. Studies regarding determinants of procollagen processing, such as procollagen C-endopeptidase enhancer (PCOLCE), and collagen assembly, such as the secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), have identified potential new targets for modifying the fibrotic response in both PO and MI. Finally, the transmembrane matrix metalloproteinases, such as MMP-14, underscore the diversity and complexity of this ECM proteolytic family as this protease can degrade the ECM as well as induce a profibrotic response. The growing recognition that the myocardial ECM is a dynamic entity containing a diversity of matricellular and nonstructural proteins as well as proteases and that the fibrillar collagens can change in structure and content in a rapid temporal fashion has opened up new avenues for modulating what was once considered an irreversible event--myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edie C Goldsmith
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
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