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Al-Saei O, Malka S, Owen N, Aliyev E, Vempalli FR, Ocieczek P, Al-Khathlan B, Fakhro K, Moosajee M. Increasing the diagnostic yield of childhood glaucoma cases recruited into the 100,000 Genomes Project. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:484. [PMID: 38755526 PMCID: PMC11097485 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10353-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Childhood glaucoma (CG) encompasses a heterogeneous group of genetic eye disorders that is responsible for approximately 5% of childhood blindness worldwide. Understanding the molecular aetiology is key to improving diagnosis, prognosis and unlocking the potential for optimising clinical management. In this study, we investigated 86 CG cases from 78 unrelated families of diverse ethnic backgrounds, recruited into the Genomics England 100,000 Genomes Project (GE100KGP) rare disease cohort, to improve the genetic diagnostic yield. Using the Genomics England/Genomic Medicine Centres (GE/GMC) diagnostic pipeline, 13 unrelated families were solved (13/78, 17%). Further interrogation using an expanded gene panel yielded a molecular diagnosis in 7 more unrelated families (7/78, 9%). This analysis effectively raises the total number of solved CG families in the GE100KGP to 26% (20/78 families). Twenty-five percent (5/20) of the solved families had primary congenital glaucoma (PCG), while 75% (15/20) had secondary CG; 53% of this group had non-acquired ocular anomalies (including iris hypoplasia, megalocornea, ectopia pupillae, retinal dystrophy, and refractive errors) and 47% had non-acquired systemic diseases such as cardiac abnormalities, hearing impairment, and developmental delay. CYP1B1 was the most frequently implicated gene, accounting for 55% (11/20) of the solved families. We identified two novel likely pathogenic variants in the TEK gene, in addition to one novel pathogenic copy number variant (CNV) in FOXC1. Variants that passed undetected in the GE100KGP diagnostic pipeline were likely due to limitations of the tiering process, the use of smaller gene panels during analysis, and the prioritisation of coding SNVs and indels over larger structural variants, CNVs, and non-coding variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omayma Al-Saei
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Samantha Malka
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Nicholas Owen
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Elbay Aliyev
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Paulina Ocieczek
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
| | | | - Khalid Fakhro
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mariya Moosajee
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, EC1V 9EL, UK.
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, EC1V 2PD, UK.
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
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Pan Y, Iwata T. Exploring the Genetic Landscape of Childhood Glaucoma. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:454. [PMID: 38671671 PMCID: PMC11048810 DOI: 10.3390/children11040454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Childhood glaucoma, a significant cause of global blindness, represents a heterogeneous group of disorders categorized into primary or secondary forms. Primary childhood glaucoma stands as the most prevalent subtype, comprising primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) and juvenile open-angle glaucoma (JOAG). Presently, multiple genes are implicated in inherited forms of primary childhood glaucoma. This comprehensive review delves into genetic investigations into primary childhood glaucoma, with a focus on identifying causative genes, understanding their inheritance patterns, exploring essential biological pathways in disease pathogenesis, and utilizing animal models to study these mechanisms. Specifically, attention is directed towards genes such as CYP1B1 (cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B member 1), LTBP2 (latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 2), TEK (TEK receptor tyrosine kinase), ANGPT1 (angiopoietin 1), and FOXC1 (forkhead box C1), all associated with PCG; and MYOC (myocilin), associated with JOAG. Through exploring these genetic factors, this review aims to deepen our understanding of the intricate pathogenesis of primary childhood glaucoma, thereby facilitating the development of enhanced diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takeshi Iwata
- National Institute of Sensory Organs, NHO Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan;
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Wang W, Yang T, Chen S, Liang L, Wang Y, Ding Y, Xiong W, Ye X, Guo Y, Shen S, Chen H, Chen J. Tissue engineering RPE sheet derived from hiPSC-RPE cell spheroids supplemented with Y-27632 and RepSox. J Biol Eng 2024; 18:7. [PMID: 38229139 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-024-00405-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell therapy is a promising way to treat many retinal diseases. However, obtaining transplantable RPE cells is time-consuming and less effective. This study aimed to develop novel strategies for generating engineered RPE patches with physiological characteristics. RESULTS Our findings revealed that RPE cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) successfully self-assembled into spheroids. The RPE spheroids treated with Y27632 and Repsox had increased expression of epithelial markers and RPE-specific genes, along with improved cell viability and barrier function. Transcriptome analysis indicated enhanced cell adhesion and extracellular matrix (ECM) organization in RPE spheroids. These RPE spheroids could be seeded and bioprinted on collagen vitrigel (CV) membranes to construct engineered RPE sheets. Circular RPE patches, obtained by trephining a specific section of the RPE sheet, exhibited abundant microvilli and pigment particles, as well as reduced proliferative capacity and enhanced maturation. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that the supplementation of small molecules and 3D spheroid culture, as well as the bioprinting technique, can be effective methods to promote RPE cultivation and construct engineered RPE sheets, which may support future clinical RPE cell therapy and the development of RPE models for research applications.
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Grants
- NSFC-RGC, 32061160469, N_CUHK432/20 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- NSFC-RGC, 32061160469, N_CUHK432/20 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- NSFC-RGC, 32061160469, N_CUHK432/20 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- NSFC-RGC, 32061160469, N_CUHK432/20 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- NSFC-RGC, 32061160469, N_CUHK432/20 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- NSFC-RGC, 32061160469, N_CUHK432/20 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- NSFC-RGC, 32061160469, N_CUHK432/20 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- NSFC-RGC, 32061160469, N_CUHK432/20 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- NSFC-RGC, 32061160469, N_CUHK432/20 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- NSFC-RGC, 32061160469, N_CUHK432/20 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- NSFC-RGC, 32061160469, N_CUHK432/20 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- NSFC-RGC, 32061160469, N_CUHK432/20 National Natural Science Foundation of China
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sihui Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liying Liang
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingxin Wang
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin Ding
- The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuhong Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonglong Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuhao Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hang Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiansu Chen
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Youngblood H, Schoenlein PV, Pasquale LR, Stamer WD, Liu Y. Estrogen dysregulation, intraocular pressure, and glaucoma risk. Exp Eye Res 2023; 237:109725. [PMID: 37956940 PMCID: PMC10842791 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Characterized by optic nerve atrophy due to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death, glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Of the major risk factors for glaucoma (age, ocular hypertension, and genetics), only elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is modifiable, which is largely regulated by aqueous humor outflow through the trabecular meshwork. Glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone have long been known to elevate IOP and lead to glaucoma. However, several recent studies have reported that steroid hormone estrogen levels inversely correlate with glaucoma risk, and that variants in estrogen signaling genes have been associated with glaucoma. As a result, estrogen dysregulation may contribute to glaucoma pathogenesis, and estrogen signaling may protect against glaucoma. The mechanism for estrogen-related protection against glaucoma is not completely understood but likely involves both regulation of IOP homeostasis and neuroprotection of RGCs. Based upon its known activities, estrogen signaling may promote IOP homeostasis by affecting extracellular matrix turnover, focal adhesion assembly, actin stress fiber formation, mechanosensation, and nitric oxide production. In addition, estrogen receptors in the RGCs may mediate neuroprotective functions. As a result, the estrogen signaling pathway may offer a therapeutic target for both IOP control and neuroprotection. This review examines the evidence for a relationship between estrogen and IOP and explores the possible mechanisms by which estrogen maintains IOP homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Youngblood
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Patricia V Schoenlein
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Radiology and Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Louis R Pasquale
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - W Daniel Stamer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yutao Liu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Yadav M, Bhardwaj A, Yadav A, Dada R, Tanwar M. Molecular genetics of primary open-angle glaucoma. Indian J Ophthalmol 2023; 71:1739-1756. [PMID: 37203025 PMCID: PMC10391438 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2570_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a series of linked optic diseases resulting in progressive vision loss and total blindness due to the acquired loss of retinal ganglion cells. This harm to the optic nerve results in visual impairment and, ultimately, total blindness if left untreated. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most frequent variety within the large family of glaucoma. It is a multifaceted and heterogeneous condition with several environmental and genetic variables aiding in its etiology. By 2040, there will be 111.8 million glaucoma patients globally, with Asia and Africa accounting for the vast majority. The goal of this review is to elaborate on the role of genes (nuclear and mitochondrial) as well as their variants in the pathogenesis of POAG. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched online for papers until September 2022. Prevalence and inheritance patterns vary significantly across different ethnic and geographic populations. Numerous causative genetic loci may exist; however, only a few have been recognized and characterized. Further investigation into the genetic etiology of POAG is expected to uncover novel and intriguing causal genes, allowing for a more precise pathogenesis pattern of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Yadav
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Harayana, India
| | - Aarti Bhardwaj
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Harayana, India
| | - Anshu Yadav
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Harayana, India
| | - Rima Dada
- Department of Anatomy, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Mukesh Tanwar
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Harayana, India
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Traoré L, Sanou J, Bakyono BS, Zoure AA, Zohoncon TM, Sombié HK, Yonli AT, Meda-Hien G, Tibiri EB, Djigma FW, Simpore J. Prevalence of Glu323Lys Mutation of the TIGR/MYOC Gene and Risk Factors amongst Primary Open-angle Glaucoma Patients in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2023; 17:79-84. [PMID: 37485465 PMCID: PMC10357018 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10078-1403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Glaucoma is a group of degenerative diseases of the optic nerve whose predisposing factors may be genetic. The objective of this study was to estimate the frequency of the Glu323Lys mutation as a genetic risk factor for glaucoma. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study over 6 months from October 2020 to March 2021 in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. A total of 89 samples of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) were collected. The frequency of the Glu323Lys mutation of the myocilin, trabecular meshwork inducible glucocorticoid response (TIGR/MYOC) gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results In glaucoma patients, only homozygous nonmutated guanine-guanine (GG) and heterozygous mutated adenine-guanine (AG) genotypes were found in 96.63 and 3.37% of cases, respectively. Around 69.66% of patients had a family history of glaucoma, 28.09% had a history of hypertension, and 7.86% had a history of diabetes. Conclusion The frequency of the Glu323Lys mutation of the TIGR/MYOC gene was 3.37% in the glaucoma population in Ouagadougou. A case-control study is necessary to know the contribution of the Glu323Lys mutation as a genetic risk factor for glaucoma in our study population. Clinical significance This study constituted the beginning of genetic investigations of glaucoma in our context and showed a low Glu323Lys mutation. How to cite this article Traoré L, Sanou J, Bakyono BS, et al. Prevalence of Glu323Lys Mutation of the TIGR/MYOC Gene and Risk Factors amongst Primary Open-angle Glaucoma Patients in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2023;17(2):79-84.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lassina Traoré
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Center (CERBA), Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso; Department of Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Biology (LABIOGENE), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Jérôme Sanou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Joseph KI ZERBO University, CHU Yalgado OUEDRAOGO, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Bélélé S Bakyono
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Center (CERBA), Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso; Department of Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Biology (LABIOGENE), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdou A Zoure
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Center (CERBA), Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso; Department of Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Biology (LABIOGENE), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso; Department of Biomedical and Public Health, Institute for Research in Health Sciences (IRSS/CNRST), Ouaga 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Théodora M Zohoncon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Center (CERBA), Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso; Department of Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Biology (LABIOGENE), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso; Faculty of Medicine, Saint Thomas Aquinas University (USTA), Ouagadougou 06, Burkina Faso
| | - Hermann K Sombié
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Center (CERBA), Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso; Department of Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Biology (LABIOGENE), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Albert T Yonli
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Center (CERBA), Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso; Department of Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Biology (LABIOGENE), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Guertrude Meda-Hien
- Department of Ophthalmology, Joseph KI ZERBO University, CHU Yalgado OUEDRAOGO, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Ezechiel B Tibiri
- Department of Laboratory of Virology and Plant Biotechnology, Institute for the Environment and Agricultural Research (INERA/CNRST), Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Florencia W Djigma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Center (CERBA), Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso; Department of Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Biology (LABIOGENE), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Jacques Simpore
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Center (CERBA), Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso; Department of Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Biology (LABIOGENE), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso; Faculty of Medicine, Saint Thomas Aquinas University (USTA), Ouagadougou 06, Burkina Faso
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Comparing Gene Panels for Non-Retinal Indications: A Systematic Review. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030738. [PMID: 36981008 PMCID: PMC10047970 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance: The options for genetic testing continue to grow for ocular conditions, including optic atrophy, anterior segment dysgenesis, cataracts, corneal dystrophy, nystagmus, and glaucoma. Gene panels can vary in content and coverage, as we and others have evaluated in inherited retinal disease (IRD). Objective: To describe gene panel testing options for inherited eye disease phenotypes and their differences. This review is important for making diagnostic decisions. Evidence review: A licensed, certified genetic counselor (RP) used Concert Genetics and the search terms optic atrophy, corneal dystrophy, cataract, glaucoma, anterior segment dysgenesis, microphthalmia/anophthalmia, and nystagmus to identify available testing options performed by CLIA-certified commercial genetic testing laboratories. Other co-authors were surveyed with respect to genetic panels used for the indications of interest. Ophthalmic panels were then compared using Concert Genetics in addition to their own websites. Findings: Panels from each clinical category were included and summarized. This comparison highlighted the differences and similarities between panels so that clinicians can make informed decisions. Conclusions: Access to genetic testing is increasing. The diagnostic yield of genetic testing is increasing. Each panel is different, so phenotyping or characterizing clinical characteristics that may help predict a specific genotype, as well as pre-test hypotheses regarding a genotype, should shape the choice of panels.
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Song YS, Zaitoun IS, Wang S, Darjatmoko SR, Sorenson CM, Sheibani N. Cytochrome P450 1B1 Expression Regulates Intracellular Iron Levels and Oxidative Stress in the Retinal Endothelium. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2420. [PMID: 36768740 PMCID: PMC9916835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1B1 is a heme-containing monooxygenase found mainly in extrahepatic tissues, including the retina. CYP1B1 substrates include exogenous aromatic hydrocarbons, such as dioxins, and endogenous bioactive compounds, including 17β-estradiol (E2) and arachidonic acid. The endogenous compounds and their metabolites are mediators of various cellular and physiological processes, suggesting that CYP1B1 activity is likely important in maintaining proper cellular and tissue functions. We previously demonstrated that lack of CYP1B1 expression and activity are associated with increased levels of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in the retinal vasculature and vascular cells, including retinal endothelial cells (ECs). However, the detailed mechanism(s) of how CYP1B1 activity modulates redox homeostasis remained unknown. We hypothesized that CYP1B1 metabolism of E2 affects bone morphogenic protein 6 (BMP6)-hepcidin-mediated iron homeostasis and lipid peroxidation impacting cellular redox state. Here, we demonstrate retinal EC prepared from Cyp1b1-deficient (Cyp1b1-/-) mice exhibits increased estrogen receptor-α (ERα) activity and expresses higher levels of BMP6. BMP6 is an inducer of the iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin in the endothelium. Increased hepcidin expression in Cyp1b1-/- retinal EC resulted in decreased levels of the iron exporter protein ferroportin and, as a result, increased intracellular iron accumulation. Removal of excess iron or antagonism of ERα in Cyp1b1-/- retinal EC was sufficient to mitigate increased lipid peroxidation and reduce oxidative stress. Suppression of lipid peroxidation and antagonism of ERα also restored ischemia-mediated retinal neovascularization in Cyp1b1-/- mice. Thus, CYP1B1 expression in retinal EC is important in the regulation of intracellular iron levels, with a significant impact on ocular redox homeostasis and oxidative stress through modulation of the ERα/BMP6/hepcidin axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Seok Song
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Ismail S. Zaitoun
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Shoujian Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Soesiawati R. Darjatmoko
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Christine M. Sorenson
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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9
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Animal Model Contributions to Primary Congenital Glaucoma. J Ophthalmol 2022; 2022:6955461. [PMID: 35663518 PMCID: PMC9162845 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6955461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) is an ocular disease characterized by congenital anterior segmental maldevelopment with progressive optic nerve degeneration. Certain genes, such as cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B member 1 and latent TGF-β-binding protein 2, are involved in the pathogenesis of PCG, but the exact pathogenic mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated. There is an urgent need to determine the etiology and pathophysiology of PCG and develop new therapeutic methods to stop disease progression. Animal models can simulate PCG and are essential to study the pathogenesis and treatment of PCG. Various animal species have been used in the study of PCG, including rabbits, rats, mice, cats, zebrafish, and quails. These models are formed spontaneously or by combining with genetic engineering technology. The focus of the present study is to review the characteristics and potential applications of animal models in PCG and provide new approaches to understand the mechanism and develop new treatment strategies for patients with PCG.
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10
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Calero-Dueñas N, Mateos-Olivares M, Ussa F, Juberías JR, Marcos M, Pastor-Idoate S, Usategui-Martín R. Polymorphisms in CYP1B1 gene and the risk of suffering Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Ophthalmol 2022; 32:1841-1849. [PMID: 35138193 DOI: 10.1177/11206721221077621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE It had been reported that mutations in CYP1B1 gene probably play an important role in the pathogenesis of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) but the existing genetic association studies show contradictory results. Thus, the objective of our study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to characterize more precisely the potential association between given polymorphisms in CYP1B1 gene and the risk of suffering POAG. METHODS A systematic review of studies that related the risk of carrying CYP1B1 gene polymorphisms with POAG development was conducted. We selected 19 case-control studies including 3855 POAG patients and 4125 control subjects in our meta-analyses. A random effects model was used. Sensitivity analysis and assessment of bias were also included. RESULTS The prevalence of CYP1B1 gene polymorphisms were significantly more frequent among POAG patients compared to all controls (OR = 2.91, 95% CI = 1.37 - 6.21; P = 0.006). Moreover, their prevalence was significantly higher in juvenile-onset patients than in adult-onset ones (OR = 2.27, 95% CI = 1.20-4.28; P = 0.001). CONCLUSION The results of this meta-analysis uphold that being a carrier of polymorphic genetic variants in CYP1B1 gene would increase the risk of POAG, especially the juvenile onset.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milagros Mateos-Olivares
- Departament of Ophthalmology, 16238Hospital Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- 537068Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Fernando Ussa
- 537068Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, 156705The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - José R Juberías
- Departament of Ophthalmology, 16238Hospital Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- 537068Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Miguel Marcos
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca-IBSAL; 37479University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Salvador Pastor-Idoate
- Departament of Ophthalmology, 16238Hospital Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- 537068Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Cooperative Health Network for Research in Ophthalmology (Oftared), National Institute of Health Carlos III, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Usategui-Martín
- 537068Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Cooperative Health Network for Research in Ophthalmology (Oftared), National Institute of Health Carlos III, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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11
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Wiącek MP, Bobrowska-Snarska D, Brzosko M, Lubiński W, Modrzejewska M. Impact of systemic steroids combined with immunosuppressive treatment on glaucomatous features in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Int J Ophthalmol 2022; 15:71-76. [PMID: 35047359 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2022.01.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the incidence of increased intraocular pressure (IOP) and glaucomatous changes in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients in comparison with systemic steroids and immunosuppressive treatment. METHODS Sixty-two women with SLE were divided into two groups: treated (n=47, 94 eyes) and not treated (n=15, 30 eyes) with systemic glucocorticosteroids (GC; GC-free). Twenty-one individuals in GC group were treated with immunosuppressive agents (immunomodulating and biologic). The visual acuity and IOP with ocular pulsatile amplitude (OPA) measurements, as well as scanning laser polarimetry (GDx) with nerve fiber index (NFI) measurement, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) of the optic disk with retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) analysis and the macular region with ganglion cell analysis (GCA) were performed. RESULTS Mean IOP values in group with combined GC and immunosuppressive therapy was 15.8±2.56 mm Hg and was significantly lower than in individuals with exclusive GC treatment (17.63±4.38 mm Hg, P=0.043). Contrary, no differences in mean IOP values between GC-free group and individuals treated with combined GC and immunosuppressive therapy were detected (P=0.563). Similarly, mean IOP in GC was 17.14±3.94 mm Hg and in GC-free patients was equal to 16.67±3.45 mm Hg (P=0.671). According to treatment regimen no statistical differences in optic disk SD-OCT for RNFL thickness, RNFL symmetry, cupping volume and the C/D ratio were observed. Similarly, no statistical differences for the mean and minimal ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness measured in macular SD-OCT or NFI in GDx were detected. CONCLUSION Combined immunosuppressive and systemic GC therapy in SLE patients may lower the risk of iatrogenic ocular hypertension. No relationship between treatment regimen and glaucomatous damage of optic nerve fibers in analyzed groups with SLE is detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta P Wiącek
- First Department of Ophthalmology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-111, Poland.,Institute of Physics, University of Szczecin, Szczecin 70-451, Poland
| | - Danuta Bobrowska-Snarska
- Department of Rheumatology, Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-252, Poland
| | - Marek Brzosko
- Department of Rheumatology, Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-252, Poland
| | - Wojciech Lubiński
- Second Department of Ophthalmology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-111, Poland
| | - Monika Modrzejewska
- Second Department of Ophthalmology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-111, Poland
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12
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Liu K, Fan H, Hu H, Cheng Y, Liu J, You Z. Genetic variation reveals the influence of steroid hormones on the risk of retinal neurodegenerative diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1088557. [PMID: 36704044 PMCID: PMC9871487 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1088557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
It is difficult to get evidence from randomized trials of a causal relationship between steroid hormones produced by the adrenal gland and gonad and retinal neurodegenerative disorders (RND). In this study, genetic variations of aldosterone (Aldo), androstenedione (A4), progesterone (P4), hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), and testosterone/17β-estradiol (T/E2) were obtained from genome-wide association studies as instrumental variables. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used to assess the impact on the risk of RND, including glaucoma (8,591 cases and 210,201 controls), diabetic retinopathy (DR, 14,584 cases and 202,082 controls) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD, 14,034 cases and 91,214 controls). As the main method, inverse variance weighted results suggest that the increased glaucoma risk was affected by T/E2 (OR = 1.11, 95% CI, 1.01-1.22, P = 0.03), which was further validated by other methods (PWM = 0.03, PMLE = 0.03, PMR-RAPS = 0.03). In the replicated stage, the causal relationship between T/E2 and glaucoma was verified based on the MRC-IEU consortium (P = 0.04). No impact of Aldo, A4, P4, 17-OHP, and T/E2 was observed for the risk of DR (P > 0.05) and AMD (P > 0.05). The heterogeneity test (P > 0.05) and pleiotropy test (P > 0.05) verified the robustness of the results. Our results suggest that T/E2 has a suggestive effect on the glaucoma risk. However, the genetic evidence based on a large sample does not support the effect of steroid hormones on DR and AMD risk. Further studies are vital to assess the possibility of steroid hormones as targets for prevention and treatment.
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13
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Genetics in primary congenital glaucoma: Implications in disease management and counseling. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 65:104378. [PMID: 34748994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Primary congenital glaucoma is an important cause of visual impairment in children. It can develop both pre- and postnatally. Angle surgery is the first line treatment modality. If the disease remains untreated or if the diagnosis is delayed, it can lead to irreversible visual loss and blindness. The genetics of primary congenital glaucoma are complex and not yet entirely understood. At present multiple disease-causing genes have been identified. CYP1B1 is the most well known gene causing autosomal recessive congenital glaucoma. Other genes have been found to play a role through recessive, dominant or polygenic mechanisms. Here we provide an overview of the known genes and mechanisms described in patients with PCG. Furthermore, we provide a practical counseling and follow-up guideline for relatives of a proband.
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14
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Identification of Estrogen Signaling in a Prioritization Study of Intraocular Pressure-Associated Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910288. [PMID: 34638643 PMCID: PMC8508848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only modifiable risk factor for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Herein we sought to prioritize a set of previously identified IOP-associated genes using novel and previously published datasets. We identified several genes for future study, including several involved in cytoskeletal/extracellular matrix reorganization, cell adhesion, angiogenesis, and TGF-β signaling. Our differential correlation analysis of IOP-associated genes identified 295 pairs of 201 genes with differential correlation. Pathway analysis identified β-estradiol as the top upstream regulator of these genes with ESR1 mediating 25 interactions. Several genes (i.e., EFEMP1, FOXC1, and SPTBN1) regulated by β-estradiol/ESR1 were highly expressed in non-glaucomatous human trabecular meshwork (TM) or Schlemm’s canal (SC) cells and specifically expressed in TM/SC cell clusters defined by single-cell RNA-sequencing. We confirmed ESR1 gene and protein expression in human TM cells and TM/SC tissue with quantitative real-time PCR and immunofluorescence, respectively. 17β-estradiol was identified in bovine, porcine, and human aqueous humor (AH) using ELISA. In conclusion, we have identified estrogen receptor signaling as a key modulator of several IOP-associated genes. The expression of ESR1 and these IOP-associated genes in TM/SC tissue and the presence of 17β-estradiol in AH supports a role for estrogen signaling in IOP regulation.
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15
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Tarasenkov AO. [Classification, diagnosis and treatment of juvenile glaucoma]. Vestn Oftalmol 2021; 137:123-127. [PMID: 34410067 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma2021137041123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile open-angle glaucoma is a disease with complex pathogenesis affecting young people of working age that can lead to disability. The article describes modern concepts of diagnosis, classification and approaches to the treatment of juvenile glaucoma with special attention paid to the differential diagnostic criteria of juvenile open-angle glaucoma and congenital glaucoma.
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16
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Knight LSW, Ruddle JB, Taranath DA, Goldberg I, Smith JEH, Gole G, Chiang MY, Willett F, D'Mellow G, Breen J, Qassim A, Mullany S, Elder JE, Vincent AL, Staffieri SE, Kearns LS, Mackey DA, Luu S, Siggs OM, Souzeau E, Craig JE. Childhood and Early Onset Glaucoma Classification and Genetic Profile in a Large Australasian Disease Registry. Ophthalmology 2021; 128:1549-1560. [PMID: 33892047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the relative frequencies of childhood and early onset glaucoma subtypes and their genetic findings in a large single cohort. DESIGN Retrospective clinical and molecular study. PARTICIPANTS All individuals with childhood glaucoma (diagnosed 0 to <18 years) and early onset glaucoma (diagnosed 18 to <40 years) referred to a national disease registry. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the referrals of all individuals with glaucoma diagnosed at <40 years of age recruited to the Australian and New Zealand Registry of Advanced Glaucoma (ANZRAG). Subtypes of glaucoma were determined using the Childhood Glaucoma Research Network (CGRN) classification system. DNA extracted from blood or saliva samples underwent sequencing of genes associated with glaucoma. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The phenotype and genotype distribution of glaucoma diagnosed at <40 years of age. RESULTS A total of 290 individuals (533 eyes) with childhood glaucoma and 370 individuals (686 eyes) with early onset glaucoma were referred to the ANZRAG. Primary glaucoma was the most prevalent condition in both cohorts. In the childhood cohort, 57.6% of individuals (167/290, 303 eyes) had primary congenital glaucoma (PCG), and 19.3% (56/290, 109 eyes) had juvenile open-angle glaucoma. Juvenile open-angle glaucoma constituted 73.2% of the early onset glaucoma cohort (271/370, 513 eyes). Genetic testing in probands resulted in a diagnostic yield of 24.7% (125/506) and a reclassification of glaucoma subtype in 10.4% of probands (13/125). The highest molecular diagnostic rate was achieved in probands with glaucoma associated with nonacquired ocular anomalies (56.5%). Biallelic variants in CYP1B1 (n = 29, 23.2%) and heterozygous variants in MYOC (n = 24, 19.2%) and FOXC1 (n = 21, 16.8%) were most commonly reported among probands with a molecular diagnosis. Biallelic CYP1B1 variants were reported in twice as many female individuals as male individuals with PCG (66.7% vs. 33.3%, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS We report on the largest cohort of individuals with childhood and early onset glaucoma from Australasia using the CGRN classification. Primary glaucoma was most prevalent. Genetic diagnoses ascertained in 24.7% of probands supported clinical diagnoses and genetic counseling. International collaborative efforts are required to identify further genes because the majority of individuals still lack a clear molecular diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan S W Knight
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Jonathan B Ruddle
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Deepa A Taranath
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ivan Goldberg
- Discipline of Ophthalmology, Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - James E H Smith
- Discipline of Ophthalmology, Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Ophthalmology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia; Department of Ophthalmology, Macquarie University Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Glen Gole
- University of Queensland Children's Health Queensland Clinical Unit, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mark Y Chiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Faren Willett
- Department of Ophthalmology, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - James Breen
- South Australian Genomics Centre, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ayub Qassim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sean Mullany
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - James E Elder
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrea L Vincent
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Eye Department, Greenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sandra E Staffieri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lisa S Kearns
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David A Mackey
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Lions Eye Institute, Centre for Vision Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Susie Luu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Owen M Siggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Emmanuelle Souzeau
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jamie E Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
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17
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Jemmeih S, Malik S, Okashah S, Zayed H. Genetic Epidemiology of Primary Congenital Glaucoma in the 22 Arab Countries: A Systematic Review. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2021; 29:1-12. [PMID: 33641569 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2021.1883676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) is a rare glaucoma type that develops in early infantile period and contributes to an elevated pressure on ocular cavity. Variants in CYP1B1 gene are the most encountered in PCG cases. The prevalence of PCG is relatively high among Arabs, however its genetic epidemiology remains understudied. This study aims to systematically identify all reported PCG disease-causing variants in the Arab population and investigate their potential genotype-phenotype correlations. METHODS We searched four different databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Scopus) from the time of inception until July 2020. Broad search terms were used to capture all possible information about the genetic epidemiology of PCG among Arabs. RESULTS We identified a total of 77 disease-causing variants in 361 patients and 88 families; of these, 33 were unique to Arabs. Sixty-nine variants were identified in the CYP1B1 gene, five variants were in the MYOC gene and single variants were reported in NTF4, FOXC1, and WDR36 genes. The most common reported variant was the c.182 G > A in the CYP1B1 gene. All identified variants were from ten Arab Countries (Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Oman, Egypt, Morocco, Lebanon, Tunisia, Iraq, Algeria, and Mauritania). We identified 44 shared variants with other ethnicities demonstrated a distinctive genotype-phenotype correlation. Consanguinity was observed in the majority of Arab PCG patients, ranging from 45% to 100%. CONCLUSION PCG causing variants were identified in 10 Arab countries, which were mostly detected in the CYB1P1 gene. Arab patients with PCG seem to have distinctive genotype-phenotype correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jemmeih
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha. Qatar
| | - Shaza Malik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha. Qatar
| | - Sarah Okashah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha. Qatar
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha. Qatar
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18
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Kwon YJ, Shin S, Chun YJ. Biological roles of cytochrome P450 1A1, 1A2, and 1B1 enzymes. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 44:63-83. [PMID: 33484438 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-021-01306-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) play a critical role in various biological processes and human diseases. CYP1 family members, including CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1, are induced by aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhRs). The binding of ligands such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons activates the AhRs, which are involved in the metabolism (including oxidation) of various endogenous or exogenous substrates. The ligands that induce CYP1 expression are reported to be carcinogenic xenobiotics. Hence, CYP1 enzymes are correlated with the pathogenesis of cancers. Various endogenous substrates are involved in the metabolism of steroid hormones, eicosanoids, and other biological molecules that mediate the pathogenesis of several human diseases. Additionally, CYP1s metabolize and activate/inactivate therapeutic drugs, especially, anti-cancer agents. As the metabolism of drugs determines their therapeutic efficacy, CYP1s can determine the susceptibility of patients to some drugs. Thus, understanding the role of CYP1s in diseases and establishing novel and efficient therapeutic strategies based on CYP1s have piqued the interest of the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo-Jung Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyun Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Chun
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Williams AL, Bohnsack BL. The Ocular Neural Crest: Specification, Migration, and Then What? Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:595896. [PMID: 33425902 PMCID: PMC7785809 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.595896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During vertebrate embryonic development, a population of dorsal neural tube-derived stem cells, termed the neural crest (NC), undergo a series of morphogenetic changes and extensive migration to become a diverse array of cell types. Around the developing eye, this multipotent ocular NC cell population, called the periocular mesenchyme (POM), comprises migratory mesenchymal cells that eventually give rise to many of the elements in the anterior of the eye, such as the cornea, sclera, trabecular meshwork, and iris. Molecular cell biology and genetic analyses of congenital eye diseases have provided important information on the regulation of NC contributions to this area of the eye. Nevertheless, a complete understanding of the NC as a contributor to ocular development remains elusive. In addition, positional information during ocular NC migration and the molecular pathways that regulate end tissue differentiation have yet to be fully elucidated. Further, the clinical challenges of ocular diseases, such as Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS), Peters anomaly (PA) and primary congenital glaucoma (PCG), strongly suggest the need for better treatments. While several aspects of NC evolution have recently been reviewed, this discussion will consolidate the most recent current knowledge on the specification, migration, and contributions of the NC to ocular development, highlighting the anterior segment and the knowledge obtained from the clinical manifestations of its associated diseases. Ultimately, this knowledge can inform translational discoveries with potential for sorely needed regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antionette L Williams
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Brenda L Bohnsack
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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20
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Girl Power in Glaucoma: The Role of Estrogen in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 42:41-57. [PMID: 33040237 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00965-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen is essential in maintaining various physiological features in women, and a decline in estrogen levels are known to give rise to numerous unfortunate symptoms associated with menopause. To alleviate these symptoms hormone replacement therapy with estrogen is often used, and has been shown to be fruitful in improving quality of life in women suffering from postmenopausal discomforts. An often forgotten condition associated with menopause is the optic nerve disorder, glaucoma. Thus, estrogen may also have an impact in maintaining the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which make up the optic nerve, thereby preventing glaucomatous neurodegeneration. This review aims to provide an overview of possible associations of estrogen and the glaucoma subtype, primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), by evaluating the current literature through a PubMed-based literature search. Multiple in vitro and in vivo studies of RGC protection, as well as clinical and epidemiological data concerning the well-defined retinal neurodegenerative disorder POAG have been reviewed. Over all, deficiencies in retinal estrogen may potentially instigate RGC loss, visual disability, and eventual blindness. Estrogen replacement therapy may therefore be a beneficial future treatment. However, more studies are needed to confirm the relevance of estrogen in glaucoma prevention.
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21
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Moazzeni H, Khani M, Elahi E. Insights into the regulatory molecules involved in glaucoma pathogenesis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 184:782-827. [PMID: 32935930 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is an important cause of irreversible blindness, characterized by optic nerve anomalies. Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) and aging are major risk factors. Retinal ganglion cells and trabecular meshwork cells are certainly involved in the etiology of glaucoma. Glaucoma is usually a complex disease, and various genes and functions may contribute to its etiology. Among these may be genes that encode regulatory molecules. In this review, regulatory molecules including 18 transcription factors (TFs), 195 microRNAs (miRNAs), 106 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and two circular RNAs (circRNAs) that are reasonable candidates for having roles in glaucoma pathogenesis are described. The targets of the regulators are reported. Glaucoma-related features including apoptosis, stress responses, immune functions, ECM properties, IOP, and eye development are affected by the targeted genes. The targeted genes that are frequently targeted by multiple regulators most often affect apoptosis and the related features of cell death and cell survival. BCL2, CDKN1A, and TP53 are among the frequent targets of three types of glaucoma-relevant regulators, TFs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs. TP53 was itself identified as a glaucoma-relevant TF. Several of the glaucoma-relevant TFs are themselves among frequent targets of regulatory molecules, which is consistent with existence of a complex network involved in glaucoma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Moazzeni
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Khani
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Elahi
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Li S, Zhang H, Shao M, Li Y, Song Y, Sun X, Cao W. Association Between 17-β-Estradiol and Interleukin-8 and Visual Field Progression in Postmenopausal Women with Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol 2020; 217:55-67. [PMID: 32360861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2020.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate an association between sex hormones and inflammatory cytokines, and to determine whether baseline 17-β-estradiol (E2) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) are associated with visual field (VF) progression in postmenopausal women with primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG). DESIGN A prospective cross-sectional and cohort study. PARTICIPANTS The cross-sectional study enrolled 200 postmenopausal women with PACG and 151 healthy postmenopausal women as normal control subjects. A total of 105 postmenopausal women with PACG were included and followed up for ≥2 years in the cohort study. METHODS All participants were evaluated for levels of baseline sex hormones (follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin, progesterone, testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and E2) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and C-reactive protein) and underwent VF examinations. The cross-sectional study was conducted to establish risk factors for postmenopausal women with PACG using logistic regression analysis. The cohort study was designed to identify factors that could be used to predict VF progression in postmenopausal women with PACG using multivariate Cox regression analyses. The main outcome measures included factors associated with VF progression over time. RESULTS Decreased E2 (odds ratio 0.88 [95% confidence interval {CI} 0.78-0.99], P = .007) and increased IL-8 (odds ratio 1.12 [95% CI 1.01-1.23], P < .001) levels were risk factors in postmenopausal women with PACG. A significant negative correlation was observed between IL-8 levels and E2 (r = -0.21, P = .02). Multivariable regression analyses revealed a significant correlation between E2 levels and visual field mean deviation (MD) (B = -0.16, P = .04 [95% CI -.09 to -.003) and between IL-8 levels and MD (B = 0.36, P < .001 [95% CI 0.01-0.02]). During follow-up, 48 (45.71%) patients showed VF progression. Lower baseline E2 (hazard ratio 0.85 [95% CI 0.82-0.88], P = .04) and higher baseline IL-8 levels (hazard ratio 1.01 [95% CI 1.00-1.02], P = .004) were associated with progression of glaucoma. Patients with lower E2 levels had a significantly higher rate of PACG progression (log-rank test P < .001), similar to those with higher IL-8 levels (log-rank test P = .04). CONCLUSIONS Decreased E2 and increased IL-8 levels at baseline are significant predictors of VF progression in postmenopausal women with PACG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haichen Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxi Shao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingzhu Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunxiao Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinghuai Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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Bansal M, Tandon R, Saxena R, Sharma A, Sen S, Kishore A, Venkatesh P, Maiti S, Chakraborty D. Ophthalmic genetics practice and research in India: Vision in 2020. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 184:718-727. [PMID: 32865332 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ophthalmic genetics is a much needed and growing area in India. Ethnic diversity, with a high degree of consanguinity, has led to a high prevalence of genetic disorders in the country. As the second most populous country in the world, this naturally results in a significant number of affected people overall. Practice involves coherent association between ophthalmologists, genetic counselor and pediatricians. Eye genetics in India in recent times has witnessed advanced research using cutting edge diagnostics, next generation sequencing (NGS) approaches, stem cell therapies, gene therapy and genomic editing. This article will highlight the studies reporting genetic variations in the country, challenges in practice, and the latest advances in ophthalmic genetic research in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Bansal
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Delhi, India.,Department of Ophthalmology, Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurugram, India
| | - Radhika Tandon
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Rohit Saxena
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Arundhati Sharma
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Sagnik Sen
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Alisha Kishore
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Pradeep Venkatesh
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Souvik Maiti
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Delhi, India
| | - Debojyoti Chakraborty
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Delhi, India
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24
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Ling C, Zhang D, Zhang J, Sun H, Du Q, Li X. Updates on the molecular genetics of primary congenital glaucoma (Review). Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:968-977. [PMID: 32742340 PMCID: PMC7388405 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) is one of the primary causes of blindness in children and is characterized by congenital trabecular meshwork and anterior chamber angle dysplasia. While being a rare condition, PCG severely impairs the quality of life of affected patients. However, the pathogenesis of PCG remains to be fully elucidated. It has previously been indicated that genetic factors serve a critical role in the pathogenesis of PCG, although patients with PCG exhibit significant genetic heterogeneity. Mutations in the cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B member 1 gene have been implicated in PCG and further genes that have been reported to be involved in PCG are myocilin, forkhead box C1, collagen type I α1 chain and latent transforming growth factor β binding protein 2. The present review aims to provide an up to date understanding of the genes associated with PCG and the use of molecular technologies in the identification of such genes and mutations. This may pave the way for the development of preventative methods, early diagnosis and improved therapeutic strategies in PCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ling
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Disease, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, P.R. China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, P.R. China
| | - Dingding Zhang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Disease, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, P.R. China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, P.R. China
| | - Huanxin Sun
- Department of Immunology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637100, P.R. China
| | - Qiu Du
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Xuefei Li
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
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25
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Moazzeni H, Mirrahimi M, Moghadam A, Banaei-Esfahani A, Yazdani S, Elahi E. Identification of genes involved in glaucoma pathogenesis using combined network analysis and empirical studies. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:3637-3663. [PMID: 31518395 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness. We aimed in this study to identify genes that may make subtle and cumulative contributions to glaucoma pathogenesis. To this end, we identified molecular interactions and pathways that include transcription factors (TFs) FOXC1, PITX2, PAX6 and NFKB1 and various microRNAs including miR-204 known to have relevance to trabecular meshwork (TM) functions and/or glaucoma. TM tissue is involved in glaucoma pathogenesis. In-house microarray transcriptome results and data sources were used to identify target genes of the regulatory molecules. Bioinformatics analyses were done to filter TM and glaucoma relevant genes. These were submitted to network-creating softwares to define interactions, pathways and a network that would include the genes. The network was stringently scrutinized and minimized, then expanded by addition of microarray data and data on TF and microRNA-binding sites. Selected features of the network were confirmed by empirical studies such as dual luciferase assays, real-time PCR and western blot experiments and apoptosis assays. MYOC, WDR36, LTPBP2, RHOA, CYP1B1, OPA1, SPARC, MEIS2, PLEKHG5, RGS5, BBS5, ALDH1A1, NOMO2, CXCL6, FMNL2, ADAMTS5, CLOCK and DKK1 were among the genes included in the final network. Pathways identified included those that affect ECM properties, IOP, ciliary body functions, retinal ganglion cell viability, apoptosis, focal adhesion and oxidative stress response. The identification of many genes potentially involved in glaucoma pathology is consistent with its being a complex disease. The inclusion of several known glaucoma-related genes validates the approach used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Moazzeni
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehraban Mirrahimi
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Moghadam
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Banaei-Esfahani
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Yazdani
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Elahi
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Rashid M, Yousaf S, Sheikh SA, Sajid Z, Shabbir AS, Kausar T, Tariq N, Usman M, Shaikh RS, Ali M, Bukhari SA, Waryah AM, Qasim M, Riazuddin S, Ahmed ZM. Identities and frequencies of variants in CYP1B1 causing primary congenital glaucoma in Pakistan. Mol Vis 2019; 25:144-154. [PMID: 30820150 PMCID: PMC6386514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease. The present study was undertaken to find the genetic causes of PCG segregating in 36 large consanguineous Pakistani families. Methods Ophthalmic examination including fundoscopy, or slit-lamp microscopy was performed to clinically characterize the PCG phenotype. Genomic nucleotide sequences of the CYP1B1 and LTBP2 genes were analyzed with either Sanger or whole exome sequencing. In silico prediction programs were used to assess the pathogenicity of identified alleles. ClustalW alignments were performed to determine evolutionary conservation, and three-dimensional (3D) modeling was performed using HOPE and Phyre2 software. Results Among the known loci, mutations in CYP1B1 and LTBP2 are the common causes of PCG. Therefore, we analyzed the genomic nucleotide sequences of CYP1B1 and LTBP2, and detected probable pathogenic variants cosegregating with PCG in 14 families. These included the three novel (c.542T>A, c.1436A>G, and c.1325delC) and five known (c.868dupC, c.1168C>T, c.1169G>A, c.1209InsTCATGCCACC, and c.1310C>T) variants in CYP1B1. Two of the novel variants are missense substitutions [p.(Leu181Gln), p.(Gln479Arg)], which replaced evolutionary conserved amino acids, and are predicted to be pathogenic by various in silico programs, while the third variant (c.1325delC) is predicted to cause reading frameshift and premature truncation of the protein. A single mutation, p.(Arg390His), causes PCG in six (~43%) of the 14 CYP1B1 mutations harboring families, and thus, is the most common variant in this cohort. Surprisingly, we did not find any LTBP2 pathogenic variants in the families, which further supports the genetic heterogeneity of PCG in the Pakistani population. Conclusions In conclusion, results of the present study enhance our understanding of the genetic basis of PCG, support the notion of a genetic modifier of CYP1B1, and contribute to the development of genetic testing protocols and genetic counseling for PCG in Pakistani families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rashid
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD,Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sairah Yousaf
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Shakeel A. Sheikh
- Molecular Biology & Genetics Department, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Zureesha Sajid
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD,Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Asra S. Shabbir
- University College of Pharmacy, Punjab University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tasleem Kausar
- Zoology Department, Government Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Nabeela Tariq
- Zoology Department, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women University, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rehan S. Shaikh
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shazia A. Bukhari
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali M. Waryah
- Molecular Biology & Genetics Department, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saima Riazuddin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Zubair M. Ahmed
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
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27
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Abu-Amero KK, Sultan T, Al-Obeidan SA, Kondkar AA. Analysis of CYP1B1 sequence alterations in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma of Saudi origin. Clin Ophthalmol 2018; 12:1413-1416. [PMID: 30127590 PMCID: PMC6089601 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s169943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 Family 1 Subfamily B Member 1 (CYP1B1; OMIM# 601771) gene encodes one of the cytochrome P450 family of enzymes. CYP1B1 mutations have been associated primarily with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG). Similar studies were reported in juvenile open-angle glaucoma, Rieger’s and Peters anomalies. Reports of likely pathogenic sequence alterations in families affected with adult-onset primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) triggered this investigation. We screened unrelated POAG cases and healthy controls for mutations in CYP1B1 using automated Sanger sequencing to identify five known polymorphisms and one CYP1B1 mutation (p.G61E) in a heterozygous status. The p.G61E mutation is known to cause PCG in a homozygous or compound heterozygous form, and thus, its presence here in a heterozygous form indicates carrier status. These findings suggest that CYP1B1 may have no major role in the pathogenesis of POAG, at least, in the Saudi population. However, further investigations are needed to validate these findings in a larger cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled K Abu-Amero
- Glaucoma Research Chair, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Tahira Sultan
- Glaucoma Research Chair, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Saleh A Al-Obeidan
- Glaucoma Research Chair, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Altaf A Kondkar
- Glaucoma Research Chair, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,
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28
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Yao YH, Wang YQ, Fang WF, Zhang L, Yang JH, Zhu YH. A recurrent G367R mutation in MYOC associated with juvenile open angle glaucoma in a large Chinese family. Int J Ophthalmol 2018; 11:369-374. [PMID: 29600168 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.03.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To identify the mutations of MYOC, OPTN, CYP1B1 and WDR36 in a large Chinese family affected by juvenile open angle glaucoma (JOAG). METHODS Of 114 members of one family were recruited in this study. Blood samples from twelve members of this pedigree were collected for further research. As a control, 100 unrelated subjects were recruited from the same hospital. The exon and flanking intron sequences of candidate genes were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction and direct DNA sequencing. RESULTS The proband (III:10) was a seventy-three years old woman with binocular JOAG at the age of 31. A recurrent heterozygous mutation (c.1099G>A) of MYOC was identified in the three JOAG patients and another suspect. This transition was located in the first base pair of codon 367 (GGA>AGA) in exon 3 of MYOC and was predicted to be a missense substitution of glycine to arginine (p.G367R) in myocilin. Mutations in OPTN, CYP1B1 or WDR36 were not detected in this study. The G367R mutation was not present in unaffected family members or in 100 ethnically matched controls. Other variants of the coding regions of candidate genes were not detected in all participants. To date, this family was the largest to have been identified as carrying a certain MYOC mutation in China, further evidence of a founder effect for the G367R MYOC mutant was provided by our data. CONCLUSION A MYOC c.1099G>A mutation in an autosomal dominant JOAG family is identified and the characteristic phenotypes among the patients are summarized. Genetic testing could be utilized in high-risk populations and be helpful not only for genetic counseling, but also for early diagnosis and treatment of affected patients or carriers of inherited JOAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hua Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ya-Qin Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taihe Hospital, Shiyan 442008, Hubei Province, China.,Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442008, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wei-Fang Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian Province, China
| | - Liu Zhang
- Fuzhou Eye Hospital, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ju-Hua Yang
- Biomedical Engineering Center of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yi-Hua Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian Province, China
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29
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Ethanol potentiates the genotoxicity of the food-derived mammary carcinogen PhIP in human estrogen receptor-positive mammary cells: mechanistic support for lifestyle factors (cooked red meat and ethanol) associated with mammary cancer. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:1639-1655. [PMID: 29362861 PMCID: PMC5882637 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2160-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of cooked/processed meat and ethanol are lifestyle risk factors in the aetiology of breast cancer. Cooking meat generates heterocyclic amines such as 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP). Epidemiology, mechanistic and animal studies indicate that PhIP is a mammary carcinogen that could be causally linked to breast cancer incidence; PhIP is DNA damaging, mutagenic and oestrogenic. PhIP toxicity involves cytochrome P450 (CYP1 family)-mediated metabolic activation to DNA-damaging species, and transcriptional responses through Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and estrogen-receptor-α (ER-α). Ethanol consumption is a modifiable lifestyle factor strongly associated with breast cancer risk. Ethanol toxicity involves alcohol dehydrogenase metabolism to reactive acetaldehyde, and is also a substrate for CYP2E1, which when uncoupled generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage. Here, using human mammary cells that differ in estrogen-receptor status, we explore genotoxicity of PhIP and ethanol and mechanisms behind this toxicity. Treatment with PhIP (10-7-10-4 M) significantly induced genotoxicity (micronuclei formation) preferentially in ER-α positive human mammary cell lines (MCF-7, ER-α+) compared to MDA-MB-231 (ER-α-) cells. PhIP-induced CYP1A2 in both cell lines but CYP1B1 was selectively induced in ER-α(+) cells. ER-α inhibition in MCF-7 cells attenuated PhIP-mediated micronuclei formation and CYP1B1 induction. PhIP-induced CYP2E1 and ROS via ER-α-STAT-3 pathway, but only in ER-α (+) MCF-7 cells. Importantly, simultaneous treatments of physiological concentrations ethanol (10-3-10-1 M) with PhIP (10-7-10-4 M) increased oxidative stress and genotoxicity in MCF-7 cells, compared to the individual chemicals. Collectively, these data offer a mechanistic basis for the increased risk of breast cancer associated with dietary cooked meat and ethanol lifestyle choices.
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30
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Lewis CJ, Hedberg-Buenz A, DeLuca AP, Stone EM, Alward WL, Fingert JH. Primary congenital and developmental glaucomas. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:R28-R36. [PMID: 28549150 PMCID: PMC5886473 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Although most glaucoma patients are elderly, congenital glaucoma and glaucomas of childhood are also important causes of visual disability. Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) is isolated, non-syndromic glaucoma that occurs in the first three years of life and is a major cause of childhood blindness. Other early-onset glaucomas may arise secondary to developmental abnormalities, such as glaucomas that occur with aniridia or as part of Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome. Congenital and childhood glaucomas have strong genetic bases and disease-causing mutations have been discovered in several genes. Mutations in three genes (CYP1B1, LTBP2, TEK) have been reported in PCG patients. Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome is caused by mutations in PITX2 or FOXC1 and aniridia is caused by PAX6 mutations. This review discusses the roles of these genes in primary congenital glaucoma and glaucomas of childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly J. Lewis
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, 3111B Medical Education and Research Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Adam Hedberg-Buenz
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, 3111B Medical Education and Research Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Adam P. DeLuca
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, 3111B Medical Education and Research Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Edwin M. Stone
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, 3111B Medical Education and Research Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Wallace L.M. Alward
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, 3111B Medical Education and Research Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - John H. Fingert
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, 3111B Medical Education and Research Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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31
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Liu Y, Allingham RR. Major review: Molecular genetics of primary open-angle glaucoma. Exp Eye Res 2017; 160:62-84. [PMID: 28499933 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), the most common type, is a complex inherited disorder that is characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cell death, optic nerve head excavation, and visual field loss. The discovery of a large, and growing, number of genetic and chromosomal loci has been shown to contribute to POAG risk, which carry implications for disease pathogenesis. Differential gene expression analyses in glaucoma-affected tissues as well as animal models of POAG are enhancing our mechanistic understanding in this common, blinding disorder. In this review we summarize recent developments in POAG genetics and molecular genetics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Liu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States; James & Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States; Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - R Rand Allingham
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States; Duke - National University of Singapore (Duke-NUS), Singapore.
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32
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Pasquale LR, Aschard H, Kang JH, Bailey JNC, Lindström S, Chasman DI, Christen WG, Allingham RR, Ashley-Koch A, Lee RK, Moroi SE, Brilliant MH, Wollstein G, Schuman JS, Fingert J, Budenz DL, Realini T, Gaasterland T, Gaasterland D, Scott WK, Singh K, Sit AJ, Igo RP, Song YE, Hark L, Ritch R, Rhee DJ, Gulati V, Havens S, Vollrath D, Zack DJ, Medeiros F, Weinreb RN, Pericak-Vance MA, Liu Y, Kraft P, Richards JE, Rosner BA, Hauser MA, Haines JL, Wiggs JL. Age at natural menopause genetic risk score in relation to age at natural menopause and primary open-angle glaucoma in a US-based sample. Menopause 2017; 24:150-156. [PMID: 27760082 PMCID: PMC5266624 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several attributes of female reproductive history, including age at natural menopause (ANM), have been related to primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). We assembled 18 previously reported common genetic variants that predict ANM to determine their association with ANM or POAG. METHODS Using data from the Nurses' Health Study (7,143 women), we validated the ANM weighted genetic risk score in relation to self-reported ANM. Subsequently, to assess the relation with POAG, we used data from 2,160 female POAG cases and 29,110 controls in the National Eye Institute Glaucoma Human Genetics Collaboration Heritable Overall Operational Database (NEIGHBORHOOD), which consists of 8 datasets with imputed genotypes to 5.6+ million markers. Associations with POAG were assessed in each dataset, and site-specific results were meta-analyzed using the inverse weighted variance method. RESULTS The genetic risk score was associated with self-reported ANM (P = 2.2 × 10) and predicted 4.8% of the variance in ANM. The ANM genetic risk score was not associated with POAG (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.002; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.998, 1.007; P = 0.28). No single genetic variant in the panel achieved nominal association with POAG (P ≥0.20). Compared to the middle 80 percent, there was also no association with the lowest 10 percentile or highest 90 percentile of genetic risk score with POAG (OR = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.47, 1.21; P = 0.23 and OR = 1.10; 95% CI: 0.72, 1.69; P = 0.65, respectively). CONCLUSIONS A genetic risk score predicting 4.8% of ANM variation was not related to POAG; thus, genetic determinants of ANM are unlikely to explain the previously reported association between the two phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis R. Pasquale
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital
| | - Hugues Aschard
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jae H. Kang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital
| | - Jessica N. Cooke Bailey
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
- Institute of Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Sara Lindström
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel I. Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - William G. Christen
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Allison Ashley-Koch
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Richard K. Lee
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Sayoko E. Moroi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Murray H. Brilliant
- Center for Human Genetics, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, WI
| | - Gadi Wollstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, UPMC Eye Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Joel S. Schuman
- Department of Ophthalmology, UPMC Eye Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - John Fingert
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy/Cell Biology, University of Iowa, College of Medicine, Iowa City, IO
| | - Donald L. Budenz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Tony Realini
- Department of Ophthalmology, WVU Eye Institute, Morgantown, WV
| | - Terry Gaasterland
- Scripps Genome Center, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | | | - William K. Scott
- Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Kuldev Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Arthur J. Sit
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | | | - Lisa Hark
- Wills Eye Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Robert Ritch
- Einhorn Clinical Research Center, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Douglas J. Rhee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Vikas Gulati
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Shane Havens
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | | | - Donald J. Zack
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | - Felipe Medeiros
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Center; University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Robert N. Weinreb
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Center; University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | | | - Yutao Liu
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Julia E. Richards
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Bernard A. Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michael A. Hauser
- Department of Ophthalmology
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Jonathan L. Haines
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
- Institute of Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Janey L. Wiggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary
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Genetic variants associated with primary open angle glaucoma in Indian population. Genomics 2017; 109:27-35. [PMID: 27851990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Ngai P, Kim G, Chak G, Lin K, Maeda M, Mosaed S. Outcome of primary trabeculotomy ab interno (Trabectome) surgery in patients with steroid-induced glaucoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e5383. [PMID: 27977576 PMCID: PMC5268022 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the efficacy and safety of Trabectome surgery on patients with steroid response, ranging from ocular hypertension refractory to maximal medical therapy to the development of steroid-induced glaucoma.A nonrandomized, nonblinded, retrospective study of 20 subjects with steroid response was conducted. All 20 eyes underwent Trabectome surgery alone. Nine subjects had steroid response with unremarkable visual field, 3 had mild steroid-induced glaucoma, and 8 had advanced steroid-induced glaucoma. Outcome measures included intraocular pressure (IOP), number of glaucoma medications, need for secondary glaucoma surgery, and steroid regimen. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare postoperative IOP and number of medications to preoperative IOP and number of medications. Kaplan-Meier was used for survival analysis, and success was defined as: IOP reduced by 20% or more on any 2 consecutive visits after 3 months; IOP ≤21 mm Hg on any 2 consecutive visits after 3 months; and no secondary glaucoma surgery.The average preoperative IOP was 33.8 ± 6.9 mm Hg and average preoperative glaucoma medication usage was 3.85 ± 0.75 medications. At 12 months, the IOP was reduced to 15.00 ± 3.46 mm Hg (P = 0.03) and glaucoma medication was reduced to 2.3 ± 1.4 (P < 0.01). The survival rate at 12 months was 93%. At 12 months, 10 patients were continued on their preoperative steroid treatments, 5 were on tapered steroid treatments, and 5 had ceased steroid treatments entirely. One patient required secondary glaucoma surgery (glaucoma drainage device). No other complications were noted.The Trabectome procedure is safe and highly effective for steroid-response glaucoma, even in the context of continued steroid treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Ngai
- University of California, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute
- University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA
| | - Grace Kim
- University of California, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute
- University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA
| | - Garrick Chak
- University of California, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute
- University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA
| | - Ken Lin
- University of California, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute
- University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA
| | | | - Sameh Mosaed
- University of California, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute
- University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA
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Reis LM, Tyler RC, Weh E, Hendee KE, Kariminejad A, Abdul-Rahman O, Ben-Omran T, Manning MA, Yesilyurt A, McCarty CA, Kitchner TE, Costakos D, Semina EV. Analysis of CYP1B1 in pediatric and adult glaucoma and other ocular phenotypes. Mol Vis 2016; 22:1229-1238. [PMID: 27777502 PMCID: PMC5070572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The CYP1B1 gene encodes an enzyme that is a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily. Mutations in CYP1B1 have been mainly reported in recessive pediatric ocular phenotypes, such as primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) and congenital glaucoma with anterior segment dysgenesis (CG with ASD), with some likely pathogenic variants also identified in families affected with adult-onset primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS We examined CYP1B1 in 158 pediatric patients affected with PCG (eight), CG with ASD (22), CG with other developmental ocular disorders (11), juvenile glaucoma with or without additional ocular anomalies (26), and ASD or other developmental ocular conditions without glaucoma (91); in addition, a large cohort of adult patients with POAG (193) and POAG-negative controls (288) was examined. RESULTS Recessive pathogenic variants in CYP1B1 were identified in two PCG pedigrees, three cases with CG and ASD, and two families with CG and other ocular defects, such as sclerocornea in one patient and microphthalmia in another individual; neither sclerocornea nor microphthalmia has been previously associated with CYP1B1. Most of the identified causative mutations are new occurrences of previously reported pathogenic alleles with two novel variants identified: a c.1325delC, p.(Pro442Glnfs*15) frameshift allele in a family with PCG and a c.157G>A, p.(Gly53Ser) variant identified in a proband with CG, Peters anomaly, and microphthalmia. Analysis of the family history in the CYP1B1-positive families revealed POAG in confirmed or presumed heterozygous relatives in one family with PCG and two families with ASD/CG; POAG was associated with the c.1064_1076del, p.(Arg355Hisfs*69) allele in two of these pedigrees. Screening of an unrelated POAG cohort identified the same c.1064_1076del heterozygous allele in one individual with sporadic POAG but not in age- and ethnicity-matched POAG-negative individuals. Overall, there was no significant enrichment for mutant alleles in CYP1B1 within the POAG cases compared to the controls. CONCLUSIONS In summary, these data expand the mutational and phenotypic spectra of CYP1B1 to include two novel alleles and additional developmental ocular phenotypes. The contribution of CYP1B1 to POAG is less clear, but loss-of-function variants in CYP1B1, especially c.1064_1076del, p.(Arg355Hisfs*69), may be associated with an increased risk for POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M. Reis
- Department of Pediatrics and Children’s Research Institute at the Medical College of Wisconsin and Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Rebecca C. Tyler
- Department of Pediatrics and Children’s Research Institute at the Medical College of Wisconsin and Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Eric Weh
- Department of Pediatrics and Children’s Research Institute at the Medical College of Wisconsin and Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Kathryn E. Hendee
- Department of Pediatrics and Children’s Research Institute at the Medical College of Wisconsin and Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI,Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | - Omar Abdul-Rahman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Tawfeg Ben-Omran
- Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation and Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha-Qatar
| | - Melanie A. Manning
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pathology and Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Ahmet Yesilyurt
- Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Education Hospital, Genetic Diagnosis Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Catherine A. McCarty
- Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Center for Human Genetics Department, Marshfield WI
| | - Terrie E. Kitchner
- Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Center for Human Genetics Department, Marshfield WI
| | - Deborah Costakos
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Elena V. Semina
- Department of Pediatrics and Children’s Research Institute at the Medical College of Wisconsin and Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI,Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI,Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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36
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Functional and Structural Analyses of CYP1B1 Variants Linked to Congenital and Adult-Onset Glaucoma to Investigate the Molecular Basis of These Diseases. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156252. [PMID: 27243976 PMCID: PMC4887111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma, the leading cause of irreversible blindness, appears in various forms. Mutations in CYP1B1 result in primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) by an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance while it acts as a modifier locus for primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). We investigated the molecular basis of the variable phenotypes resulting from the defects in CYP1B1 by using subclones of 23 CYP1B1 mutants reported in glaucoma patients, in a cell based system by measuring the dual activity of the enzyme to metabolize both retinol and 17β-estradiol. Most variants linked to POAG showed low steroid metabolism while null or very high retinol metabolism was observed in variants identified in PCG. We examined the translational turnover rates of mutant proteins after the addition of cycloheximide and observed that the levels of enzyme activity mostly corroborated the translational turnover rate. We performed extensive normal mode analysis and molecular-dynamics-simulations-based structural analyses and observed significant variation of fluctuation in certain segmental parts of the mutant proteins, especially at the B-C and F-G loops, which were previously shown to affect the dynamic behavior and ligand entry/exit properties of the cytochrome P450 family of proteins. Our molecular study corroborates the structural analysis, and suggests that the pathologic state of the carrier of CYP1B1 mutations is determined by the allelic state of the gene. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to dissect biological activities of CYP1B1 for correlation with congenital and adult onset glaucomas.
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Bashir R, Tahir H, Yousaf K, Naz S, Naz S. Homozygous p.G61E mutation in a consanguineous Pakistani family with co-existence of juvenile-onset open angle glaucoma and primary congenital glaucoma. Gene 2015; 570:295-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cai J, Perkumas KM, Qin X, Hauser MA, Stamer WD, Liu Y. Expression Profiling of Human Schlemm's Canal Endothelial Cells From Eyes With and Without Glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56:6747-53. [PMID: 26567786 PMCID: PMC4614909 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-17720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Ocular hypertension is a major risk factor for glaucoma and the inner wall of Schlemm's canal (SC) endothelia participates in the regulation of aqueous humor outflow resistance. This study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes in primary cultures of SC cells from glaucoma patients. METHODS This study examined SC samples from three glaucoma cases and four controls. Schlemm's canal cells were isolated from eight different postmortem human eyes. Total RNA was extracted, labeled, and hybridized to Illumina HumanWG-6 BeadChips containing probes for approximately 47,000 human transcripts. After extracting the data using Illumina GenomeStudio software, the data were normalized and analyzed using the R package limma in Bioconductor. Using Protein ANalysis THrough Evolutionary Relationships (PANTHER) software, gene ontology analysis of highly expressed genes was executed in controls and glaucoma groups separately. Pathway analysis was performed with differentially expressed genes using WebGestalt (WEB-based GEne SeT AnaLysis Toolkit). Selected genes were validated using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). RESULTS Gene ontology analysis indicated similar functional categories in cases and controls. Differential analysis identified a total of 113 genes with at least 2-fold expression changes in cases. Pathway analysis indicated significant enrichment of genes in cell adhesion, heparin binding, glycosaminoglycan binding, filopodium, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Eighteen selected genes with differential expression were successfully validated using ddPCR. CONCLUSIONS This study represents the first genome-wide expression study of human primary SC cells from glaucoma patients and provides a potential list of targets regulating SC cell stiffness and pore formation, eventually the outflow resistance in glaucoma individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Cai
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Kristin M. Perkumas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Xuejun Qin
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Michael A. Hauser
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - W. Daniel Stamer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Yutao Liu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
- James & Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
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Chavan H, Li F, Tessman R, Mickey K, Dorko K, Schmitt T, Kumer S, Gunewardena S, Gaikwad N, Krishnamurthy P. Functional coupling of ATP-binding cassette transporter Abcb6 to cytochrome P450 expression and activity in liver. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:7871-86. [PMID: 25623066 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.605386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although endogenous mechanisms that negatively regulate cytochrome P450 (P450) monooxygenases in response to physiological and pathophysiological signals are not well understood, they are thought to result from alterations in the level of endogenous metabolites, involved in maintaining homeostasis. Here we show that homeostatic changes in hepatic metabolite profile in Abcb6 (mitochondrial ATP-binding cassette transporter B6) deficiency results in suppression of a specific subset of hepatic P450 activity. Abcb6 null mice are more susceptible to pentobarbital-induced sleep and zoxazolamine-induced paralysis, secondary to decreased expression and activity of Cyp3a11 and Cyp2b10. The knock-out mice also show decrease in both basal and xeno-inducible expression and activity of a subset of hepatic P450s that appear to be related to changes in hepatic metabolite profile. These data, together with the observation that liver extracts from Abcb6-deficient mice suppress P450 expression in human primary hepatocytes, suggest that this mouse model may provide an opportunity to understand the physiological signals and the mechanisms involved in negative regulation of P450s.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Feng Li
- From the Departments of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics
| | - Robert Tessman
- From the Departments of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics
| | - Kristen Mickey
- From the Departments of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics
| | - Kenneth Dorko
- From the Departments of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, the Cell Isolation Core, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160 and
| | | | | | | | - Nilesh Gaikwad
- the Departments of Nutrition and Environmental Toxicology and the West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616
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Osborne NN, Álvarez CN, del Olmo Aguado S. Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction as in aging and glaucoma. Drug Discov Today 2014; 19:1613-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Francis S, Delgoda R. A patent review on the development of human cytochrome P450 inhibitors. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2014; 24:699-717. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2014.899583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Martínez-Jacobo L, Córdova-Fletes C, Ortiz-López R, Rivas F, Saucedo-Carrasco C, Rojas-Martínez A. Delineation of a de novo 7q21.3q31.1 Deletion by CGH-SNP Arrays in a Girl with Multiple Congenital Anomalies Including Severe Glaucoma. Mol Syndromol 2013; 4:285-91. [PMID: 24167464 DOI: 10.1159/000353510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we present a female patient with a constitutional de novo deletion in 7q21.3q31.1 as determined by G-banding and CGH-SNP arrays. She exhibited, among other features, psychomotor retardation, congenital severe bilateral glaucoma, a cleft palate, and heart defect. Microarray assay disclosed a deleted 12.5-Mb region roughly 88 kb downstream the ectrodactyly critical region; thus, the patient's final karyotype was 46,XX.arr 7q21.3q31.1(96,742,140-109,246,085)×1 dn. This girl represents the fourth patient described so far with congenital glaucoma and a deletion encompassing or overlapping the 7q21.3q31.1 region, and confirms the presence of a locus or loci related to such a clinical feature. According to our results, the proneness to ocular defects secondary to 7q intermediate deletions could be caused by co-deletion of TAC1, HBP1, and a small cluster of cytochrome P450 genes (subfamily 3A). This conclusion is supported by their functional roles and expression locations as well as because TAC1 is related to the functional pathway of the MYOC gene whose mutations are linked to glaucoma. Moreover, given that this girl is clinically reminiscent of several phenotypes related to diverse deletions within 7q21q32, our results and observations offer a general overview of the gene content of deletions/phenotypes overlapping 7q21.3q31.1 and confirm that loci distal to DLX genes including the CUX1 gene and potential regulatory elements downstream from DLX5 are unrelated to ectrodactyly.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Martínez-Jacobo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Monterrey, Mexico
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