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Alsaadi H, Peller J, Ghasemlou N, Kawaja MD. Immunohistochemical phenotype of sensory neurons associated with sympathetic plexuses in the trigeminal ganglia of adult nerve growth factor transgenic mice. J Comp Neurol 2024; 532:e25563. [PMID: 37986234 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Following peripheral nerve injury, postganglionic sympathetic axons sprout into the affected sensory ganglia and form perineuronal sympathetic plexuses with somata of sensory neurons. This sympathosensory coupling contributes to the onset and persistence of injury-induced chronic pain. We have documented the presence of similar sympathetic plexuses in the trigeminal ganglia of adult mice that ectopically overexpress nerve growth factor (NGF), in the absence of nerve injury. In this study, we sought to further define the phenotype(s) of these trigeminal sensory neurons having sympathetic plexuses in our transgenic mice. Using quantitative immunofluorescence staining analyses, we show that the invading sympathetic axons specifically target sensory somata immunopositive for several biomarkers: NGF high-affinity receptor tyrosine kinase A (trkA), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), neurofilament heavy chain (NFH), and P2X purinoceptor 3 (P2X3). Based on these phenotypic characteristics, the majority of the sensory somata surrounded by sympathetic plexuses are likely to be NGF-responsive nociceptors (i.e., trkA expressing) that are peptidergic (i.e., CGRP expressing), myelinated (i.e., NFH expressing), and ATP sensitive (i.e., P2X3 expressing). Our data also show that very few sympathetic plexuses surround sensory somata expressing other nociceptive (pain) biomarkers, including substance P and acid-sensing ion channel 3. No sympathetic plexuses are associated with sensory somata that display isolectin B4 binding. Though the cellular mechanisms that trigger the formation of sympathetic plexus (with and without nerve injury) remain unknown, our new observations yield an unexpected specificity with which invading sympathetic axons appear to target a precise subtype of nociceptors. This selectivity likely contributes to pain development and maintenance associated with sympathosensory coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanin Alsaadi
- Center for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacob Peller
- Center for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nader Ghasemlou
- Center for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael D Kawaja
- Center for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Banerjee S, Smith IM, Hengen AC, Stroka KM. Methods for studying mammalian aquaporin biology. Biol Methods Protoc 2023; 8:bpad031. [PMID: 38046463 PMCID: PMC10689382 DOI: 10.1093/biomethods/bpad031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs), transmembrane water-conducting channels, have earned a great deal of scrutiny for their critical physiological roles in healthy and disease cell states, especially in the biomedical field. Numerous methods have been implemented to elucidate the involvement of AQP-mediated water transport and downstream signaling activation in eliciting whole cell, tissue, and organ functional responses. To modulate these responses, other methods have been employed to investigate AQP druggability. This review discusses standard in vitro, in vivo, and in silico methods for studying AQPs, especially for biomedical and mammalian cell biology applications. We also propose some new techniques and approaches for future AQP research to address current gaps in methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohini Banerjee
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, MD 20742, United States
| | - Ian M Smith
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, MD 20742, United States
| | - Autumn C Hengen
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, MD 20742, United States
| | - Kimberly M Stroka
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, MD 20742, United States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore MD 21201, United States
- Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, MD 20742, United States
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore MD 21201, United States
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3
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Barile B, Mola MG, Formaggio F, Saracino E, Cibelli A, Gargano CD, Mogni G, Frigeri A, Caprini M, Benfenati V, Nicchia GP. AQP4-independent TRPV4 modulation of plasma membrane water permeability. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1247761. [PMID: 37720545 PMCID: PMC10500071 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1247761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite of the major role of aquaporin (AQP) water channels in controlling transmembrane water fluxes, alternative ways for modulating water permeation have been proposed. In the Central Nervous System (CNS), Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is reported to be functionally coupled with the calcium-channel Transient-Receptor Potential Vanilloid member-4 (TRPV4), which is controversially involved in cell volume regulation mechanisms and water transport dynamics. The present work aims to investigate the selective role of TRPV4 in regulating plasma membrane water permeability in an AQP4-independent way. Fluorescence-quenching water transport experiments in Aqp4-/- astrocytes revealed that cell swelling rate is significantly increased upon TRPV4 activation and in the absence of AQP4. The biophysical properties of TRPV4-dependent water transport were therefore assessed using the HEK-293 cell model. Calcein quenching experiments showed that chemical and thermal activation of TRPV4 overexpressed in HEK-293 cells leads to faster swelling kinetics. Stopped-flow light scattering water transport assay was used to measure the osmotic permeability coefficient (Pf, cm/s) and activation energy (Ea, kcal/mol) conferred by TRPV4. Results provided evidence that although the Pf measured upon TRPV4 activation is lower than the one obtained in AQP4-overexpressing cells (Pf of AQP4 = 0.01667 ± 0.0007; Pf of TRPV4 = 0.002261 ± 0.0004; Pf of TRPV4 + 4αPDD = 0.007985 ± 0.0006; Pf of WT = 0.002249 ± 0.0002), along with activation energy values (Ea of AQP4 = 0.86 ± 0.0006; Ea of TRPV4 + 4αPDD = 2.73 ± 1.9; Ea of WT = 8.532 ± 0.4), these parameters were compatible with a facilitated pathway for water movement rather than simple diffusion. The possibility to tune plasma membrane water permeability more finely through TRPV4 might represent a protective mechanism in cells constantly facing severe osmotic challenges to avoid the potential deleterious effects of the rapid cell swelling occurring via AQP channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Barile
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Mola
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Formaggio
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuela Saracino
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Cibelli
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Concetta Domenica Gargano
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Guido Mogni
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Frigeri
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 840 Kennedy Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Marco Caprini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Benfenati
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Bologna, Italy
| | - Grazia Paola Nicchia
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 840 Kennedy Center, Bronx, NY, United States
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4
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Pechlivanidou M, Xenou K, Tzanetakos D, Koutsos E, Stergiou C, Andreadou E, Voumvourakis K, Giannopoulos S, Kilidireas C, Tüzün E, Tsivgoulis G, Tzartos S, Tzartos J. Potential Role of Antibodies against Aquaporin-1 in Patients with Central Nervous System Demyelination. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12982. [PMID: 37629163 PMCID: PMC10455752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs; AQP0-AQP12) are water channels expressed in many and diverse cell types, participating in various functions of cells, tissues, and systems, including the central nervous system (CNS). AQP dysfunction and autoimmunity to AQPs are implicated in several diseases. The best-known example of autoimmunity against AQPs concerns the antibodies to AQP4 which are involved in the pathogenesis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), an autoimmune astrocytopathy, causing also CNS demyelination. The present review focuses on the discovery and the potential role of antibodies against AQP1 in the CNS, and their potential involvement in the pathophysiology of NMOSD. We describe (a) the several techniques developed for the detection of the AQP1-antibodies, with emphasis on methods that specifically identify antibodies targeting the extracellular domain of AQP1, i.e., those of potential pathogenic role, and (b) the available evidence supporting the pathogenic relevance of AQP1-antibodies in the NMOSD phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pechlivanidou
- Tzartos NeuroDiagnostics, 11523 Athens, Greece; (M.P.); (K.X.); (E.K.); (C.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Konstantina Xenou
- Tzartos NeuroDiagnostics, 11523 Athens, Greece; (M.P.); (K.X.); (E.K.); (C.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Dimitrios Tzanetakos
- Second Department of Neurology ‘’Attikon’’ University Hospital, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (D.T.); (K.V.); (S.G.); (G.T.)
| | - Emmanuel Koutsos
- Tzartos NeuroDiagnostics, 11523 Athens, Greece; (M.P.); (K.X.); (E.K.); (C.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Christos Stergiou
- Tzartos NeuroDiagnostics, 11523 Athens, Greece; (M.P.); (K.X.); (E.K.); (C.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Elisabeth Andreadou
- First Department of Neurology, ‘’Aiginiteion’’ University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.A.); (C.K.)
| | - Konstantinos Voumvourakis
- Second Department of Neurology ‘’Attikon’’ University Hospital, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (D.T.); (K.V.); (S.G.); (G.T.)
| | - Sotirios Giannopoulos
- Second Department of Neurology ‘’Attikon’’ University Hospital, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (D.T.); (K.V.); (S.G.); (G.T.)
| | - Constantinos Kilidireas
- First Department of Neurology, ‘’Aiginiteion’’ University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.A.); (C.K.)
- Second Department of Neurology, Henry Dunant Hospital Center, 11526 Athens, Greece
| | - Erdem Tüzün
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology ‘’Attikon’’ University Hospital, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (D.T.); (K.V.); (S.G.); (G.T.)
| | - Socrates Tzartos
- Tzartos NeuroDiagnostics, 11523 Athens, Greece; (M.P.); (K.X.); (E.K.); (C.S.); (S.T.)
- Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - John Tzartos
- Second Department of Neurology ‘’Attikon’’ University Hospital, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (D.T.); (K.V.); (S.G.); (G.T.)
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Carvalho D, Diaz-Amarilla P, Dapueto R, Santi MD, Duarte P, Savio E, Engler H, Abin-Carriquiry JA, Arredondo F. Transcriptomic Analyses of Neurotoxic Astrocytes Derived from Adult Triple Transgenic Alzheimer's Disease Mice. J Mol Neurosci 2023; 73:487-515. [PMID: 37318736 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-023-02105-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease have been classically studied from a purely neuronocentric point of view. More recent evidences support the notion that other cell populations are involved in disease progression. In this sense, the possible pathogenic role of glial cells like astrocytes is increasingly being recognized. Once faced with tissue damage signals and other stimuli present in disease environments, astrocytes suffer many morphological and functional changes, a process referred as reactive astrogliosis. Studies from murine models and humans suggest that these complex and heterogeneous responses could manifest as disease-specific astrocyte phenotypes. Clear understanding of disease-associated astrocytes is a necessary step to fully disclose neurodegenerative processes, aiding in the design of new therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. In this work, we present the transcriptomics characterization of neurotoxic astrocytic cultures isolated from adult symptomatic animals of the triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (3xTg-AD). According to the observed profile, 3xTg-AD neurotoxic astrocytes show various reactivity features including alteration of the extracellular matrix and release of pro-inflammatory and proliferative factors that could result in harmful effects to neurons. Moreover, these alterations could be a consequence of stress responses at the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria as well as of concomitant metabolic adaptations. Present results support the hypothesis that adaptive changes of astrocytic function induced by a stressed microenvironment could later promote harmful astrocyte phenotypes and further accelerate or induce neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Carvalho
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pablo Diaz-Amarilla
- Área I+D Biomédica, Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rosina Dapueto
- Área I+D Biomédica, Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Daniela Santi
- Área I+D Biomédica, Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
- College of Dentistry, Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University, New York, 10010, USA
| | - Pablo Duarte
- Área I+D Biomédica, Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Eduardo Savio
- Área I+D Biomédica, Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Henry Engler
- Área I+D Biomédica, Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, 1800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Juan A Abin-Carriquiry
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
- Laboratorio de Biofármacos, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Florencia Arredondo
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
- Área I+D Biomédica, Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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6
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Segura-Anaya E, Martínez-Gómez A, Dent MA. Differences in the localization of AQP1 and expression patterns of AQP isoforms in rat and mouse sciatic nerve and changes in rat AQPs expression after nerve crush injury. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 12:82-89. [PMID: 35036988 PMCID: PMC8749057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In the peripheral nervous system aquaporins (AQPs) have been reported in both peripheral neurons and glial cells. Previously we described the precise localization of AQP1 in the rat sciatic nerve, which is present in both Remak and myelin Schwann cells, and is enriched in the Schmidt-Lanterman incisures. In this work, we found that AQP1 in mouse is only present in Remak cells, showing a different localization between these species. However, after nerve crush injury the level of AQP1 mRNA expression remains constant at all times studied in rat and mouse. We then performed RT-PCR of nine AQP (AQP1-9) isoforms from rat and mouse sciatic nerve, we found that in rat only five AQPs are present (AQP1, AQP4, AQP5, AQP7 and AQP9), whereas in mouse all AQPs except AQP8 are expressed. Then, we studied the expression by RT-PCR of AQPs in rat after nerve crush injury, showing that AQP1, AQP4 and AQP7 expression remain constant at all times studied, while AQP2, AQP5 and AQP9 are upregulated after injury. Therefore, these two closely related rodents show different AQP1 localization and have different AQPs expression patterns in the sciatic nerve, possibly due to a difference in the regulation of these AQPs. The expression of AQP1 in Remak cells supports the involvement of AQP1 in pain perception. Also, in rat the upregulation of AQP2, AQP5 and AQP7 after nerve injury suggests a possible role for these AQPs in promoting regeneration following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Segura-Anaya
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Tollocan y Jesús Carranza, Toluca, Edo. de México CP 50180, México
| | - Alejandro Martínez-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Tollocan y Jesús Carranza, Toluca, Edo. de México CP 50180, México
| | - Myrna A.R. Dent
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Tollocan y Jesús Carranza, Toluca, Edo. de México CP 50180, México
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7
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Tang Z, Zhou J, Long H, Gao Y, Wang Q, Li X, Wang Y, Lai W, Jian F. Molecular mechanism in trigeminal nerve and treatment methods related to orthodontic pain. J Oral Rehabil 2021; 49:125-137. [PMID: 34586644 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthodontic treatment is the main treatment approach for malocclusion. Orthodontic pain is an inevitable undesirable adverse reaction during orthodontic treatment. It is reported orthodontic pain has become one of the most common reason that patients withdraw from orthodontic treatment. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanism and finding treatment of orthodontic pain are in urgent need. AIMS This article aims to sort out the mechanisms and treatments of orthodontic pain, hoping to provide some ideas for future orthodontic pain relief. MATERIALS Tooth movement will cause local inflammation. Certain inflammatory factors and cytokines stimulating the trigeminal nerve and further generating pain perception, as well as drugs and molecular targeted therapy blocking nerve conduction pathways, will be reviewed in this article. METHOD We review and summaries current studies related to molecular mechanisms and treatment approaches in orthodontic pain control. RESULTS Orthodontics pain related influencing factors and molecular mechanisms has been introduced. Commonly used clinical methods in orthodontic pain control has been evaluated. DISCUSSION With the clarification of more molecular mechanisms, the direction of orthodontic pain treatment will shift to targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanzi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenli Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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8
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Salgado CG, Pinto P, Bouth RC, Gobbo AR, Messias ACC, Sandoval TV, Dos Santos AMR, Moreira FC, Vidal AF, Goulart LR, Barreto JG, da Silva MB, Frade MAC, Spencer JS, Santos S, Ribeiro-Dos-Santos Â. miRNome Expression Analysis Reveals New Players on Leprosy Immune Physiopathology. Front Immunol 2018; 9:463. [PMID: 29593724 PMCID: PMC5854644 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Leprosy remains as a public health problem and its physiopathology is still not fully understood. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small RNA non-coding that can interfere with mRNA to regulate gene expression. A few studies using DNA chip microarrays have explored the expression of miRNA in leprosy patients using a predetermined set of genes as targets, providing interesting findings regarding the regulation of immune genes. However, using a predetermined set of genes restricted the possibility of finding new miRNAs that might be involved in different mechanisms of disease. Thus, we examined the miRNome of tuberculoid (TT) and lepromatous (LL) patients using both blood and lesional biopsies from classical leprosy patients (LP) who visited the Dr. Marcello Candia Reference Unit in Sanitary Dermatology in the State of Pará and compared them with healthy subjects. Using a set of tools to correlate significantly differentially expressed miRNAs with their gene targets, we identified possible interactions and networks of miRNAs that might be involved in leprosy immunophysiopathology. Using this approach, we showed that the leprosy miRNA profile in blood is distinct from that in lesional skin as well as that four main groups of genes are the targets of leprosy miRNA: (1) recognition and phagocytosis, with activation of immune effector cells, where the immunosuppressant profile of LL and immunoresponsive profile of TT are clearly affected by miRNA expression; (2) apoptosis, with supportive data for an antiapoptotic leprosy profile based on BCL2, MCL1, and CASP8 expression; (3) Schwann cells (SCs), demyelination and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), supporting a role for different developmental or differentiation gene families, such as Sox, Zeb, and Hox; and (4) loss of sensation and neuropathic pain, revealing that RHOA, ROCK1, SIGMAR1, and aquaporin-1 (AQP1) may be involved in the loss of sensation or leprosy pain, indicating possible new therapeutic targets. Additionally, AQP1 may also be involved in skin dryness and loss of elasticity, which are well known signs of leprosy but with unrecognized physiopathology. In sum, miRNA expression reveals new aspects of leprosy immunophysiopathology, especially on the regulation of the immune system, apoptosis, SC demyelination, EMT, and neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Guedes Salgado
- Laboratório de Dermato-Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Marituba, Brazil
| | - Pablo Pinto
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, ICB, UFPA, Belém, Brazil.,Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia (NPO), UFPA, Belém, Brazil
| | - Raquel Carvalho Bouth
- Laboratório de Dermato-Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Marituba, Brazil
| | - Angélica Rita Gobbo
- Laboratório de Dermato-Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Marituba, Brazil
| | - Ana Caroline Cunha Messias
- Laboratório de Dermato-Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Marituba, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- Laboratório de Nanobiotecnologia, Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Josafá Gonçalves Barreto
- Laboratório de Dermato-Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Marituba, Brazil.,Laboratório de Epidemiologia Espacial (LabEE), Campus Castanhal, UFPA, Belém, Brazil
| | - Moisés Batista da Silva
- Laboratório de Dermato-Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Marituba, Brazil
| | - Marco Andrey Cipriani Frade
- Divisão de Dermatologia, Departamento de Clínica Médica da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - John Stewart Spencer
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Sidney Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, ICB, UFPA, Belém, Brazil.,Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia (NPO), UFPA, Belém, Brazil
| | - Ândrea Ribeiro-Dos-Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, ICB, UFPA, Belém, Brazil.,Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia (NPO), UFPA, Belém, Brazil
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9
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Anti-exudation effects of sodium ferulate and oxymatrine combination via modulation of aquaporin 1. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:1837-1845. [PMID: 28810657 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the anti-exudative effects of sodium ferulate combined with oxymatrine in a mouse model of acetic acid-induced peritonitis. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms were explored by determining the effects of these drugs on the volume and aquaporin 1 (AQP1) expression in vascular endothelial cells on omentum majus and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Treatment with sodium ferulate combined with oxymatrine was shown to significantly inhibit acetic acid-induced vascular permeability in the peritonitis model mice and furthermore to significantly decrease the optical density of Evans blue, the leukocyte number and the levels of interleukin-6, C-reactive protein and interferon-γ in peritoneal lavage fluid. Pathological analysis of the omentum majus revealed that sodium ferulate and oxymatrine combination treatment significantly alleviated vascular endothelial cell edema and capillary loss. In vitro, flow cytometry revealed that the volume of HUVECs was significantly reduced in the drug treatment groups, as reflected in the forward scatter value. The optical density of AQP1 on the membrane of the vascular endothelial cells on omentum majus and HUVECs were significantly increased in the drug treatment groups compared with the model group. These results indicated that sodium ferulate and oxymatrine combination treatment possessed prominent anti-exudative effects and that the underlying mechanisms are likely to include the improvement of vascular endothelial cellular edema, possibly by upregulation of AQP1 expression on their membrane, which requires further exploration.
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Oklinski MK, Skowronski MT, Skowronska A, Rützler M, Nørgaard K, Nieland JD, Kwon TH, Nielsen S. Aquaporins in the Spinal Cord. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E2050. [PMID: 27941618 PMCID: PMC5187850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are water channel proteins robustly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). A number of previous studies described the cellular expression sites and investigated their major roles and function in the brain and spinal cord. Among thirteen different mammalian AQPs, AQP1 and AQP4 have been mainly studied in the CNS and evidence has been presented that they play important roles in the pathogenesis of CNS injury, edema and multiple diseases such as multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, glioblastoma multiforme, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The objective of this review is to highlight the current knowledge about AQPs in the spinal cord and their proposed roles in pathophysiology and pathogenesis related to spinal cord lesions and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal K Oklinski
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Mariusz T Skowronski
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-752 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Skowronska
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-752 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Michael Rützler
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Kirsten Nørgaard
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - John D Nieland
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Tae-Hwan Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu 41944, Korea.
| | - Søren Nielsen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark.
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Hoshi A, Tsunoda A, Yamamoto T, Tada M, Kakita A, Ugawa Y. Increased neuronal and astroglial aquaporin-1 immunoreactivity in rat striatum by chemical preconditioning with 3-nitropropionic acid. Neurosci Lett 2016; 626:48-53. [PMID: 27181510 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) is a water channel expressed in the choroid plexus and participates in forming cerebrospinal fluid. Interestingly, reactive astrocytes also express AQP1 in the central nervous system under some pathological conditions. On the other hand, 3-nitropropionic acid (3NP) is a mitochondrial toxin that causes selective degeneration of striatum; however, its chemical preconditioning is neuroprotective against cerebral ischemia. We previously reported that mild 3NP application is accompanied with numerous reactive astrocytes in rat striatum devoid of typical necrotic lesions. Therefore, we studied whether AQP1 in the rat striatum could be upregulated with reactive astrocytosis using the 3NP model. Immunohistochemical or immunofluorescence analysis showed that reactive astrocytosis in the striatum, which upregulates glial fibrillary acidic protein and glutamine synthetase, was induced by mild doses of 3NP administration. Intriguingly, after 3NP treatment, AQP1 was intensely expressed not only by the subpopulation of astroglia but also by neurons. The AQP1 immunoreactivity became more intensified at the early-subtoxic stage (ES: 24-48h), but not as much in the delayed-subtoxic stage (DS: 96-120h). In contrast, AQP4 expression in the striatum was downregulated after 3NP treatment, in particular during the ES stage. AQP1 upregulation/AQP4 downregulation induced under subtoxic 3NP treatment may play a pivotal role in water homeostasis and cell viability in the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Hoshi
- Department of Neurology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
| | - Ayako Tsunoda
- Department of Neurology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Teiji Yamamoto
- Department of Neurology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mari Tada
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ugawa
- Department of Neurology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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Arrighi S, Bosi G, Frattini S, Coizet B, Groppetti D, Pecile A. Morphology and Aquaporin Immunohistochemistry of the Uterine Tube of Saanen Goats (Capra hircus): Comparison Throughout the Reproductive Cycle. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 51:360-9. [PMID: 27020623 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The expression of six different aquaporins (AQP1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 9), integral membrane water channels that facilitate bi-directional passive movement of water, was investigated by immunohistochemistry in the uterine tube of pre-pubertal and adult Saanen goats (Capra hircus), comparing the different phases of the oestrous cycle. Regional morphology and secretory processes were markedly different during the goat oestrous cycle. The tested AQP molecules showed different expression patterns in comparison with already studied species. AQP1-immunoreactivity was evidenced at the endothelium of blood vessels and in nerve fibres, regardless of the tubal tract and cycle period. AQP4-immunoreactivity was shown on the lateral plasmalemma in the basal third of the epithelial cells at infundibulum and ampulla level in the cycling goats, more evidently during follicular than during luteal phase. No AQP4-immunoreactivity was noticed at the level of the isthmus region, regardless of the cycle phase. AQP5-immunoreactivity, localized at the apical surface of epithelial cells, increased from pre-puberty to adulthood. Thereafter, AQP5-immunoreactivity was prominent during the follicular phase, when it strongly decorated the apical plasmalemma of all epithelial cells at ampullary level. During luteal phase, immunoreactivity was discontinuous, being weak to strong at the apex of the secretory cells protruding into the lumen. In the isthmus region, the strongest AQP5-immunoreactivity was seen during follicular phase, with a clear localization in the apical plasmalemma of all the epithelial cells and also on the lateral plasmalemma. AQP2, 3 and 9 were undetectable all along the goat uterine tube. Likely, a collaboration of different AQP molecules sustains the fluid production in the goat uterine tube. AQP1-mediated transudation from the blood capillaries, together with permeation of the epithelium by AQP4 in the basal rim of the epithelial cells and final intervening of apical AQP5, could be involved in fluid production as well as in secretory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arrighi
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Laboratory of Anatomy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - G Bosi
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Laboratory of Anatomy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - S Frattini
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - B Coizet
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - D Groppetti
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - A Pecile
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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miR-320a affects spinal cord edema through negatively regulating aquaporin-1 of blood-spinal cord barrier during bimodal stage after ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. BMC Neurosci 2016; 17:10. [PMID: 26850728 PMCID: PMC4744445 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-016-0243-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord edema is a serious complication and pathophysiological change after ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. It has been demonstrated closely associated with bimodal disruption of blood–spinal cord barrier (BSCB) in our previous work. Aquaporin (AQP)1 plays important but contradictory roles in water homeostasis. Recently, microRNAs (miRs) effectively regulate numerous target mRNAs during ischemia. However, whether miRs are able to protect against dimodal disruption of BSCB by regulating perivascular AQP1 remains to be elucidated.
Results Spinal water content and EB extravasation were suggested as a bimodal distribution in directly proportion to AQP1, since all maximal changes were detected at 12 and 48 h after reperfusion. Further TEM and double immunofluorescence showed that former disruption of BSCB at 12 h was attributed to cytotoxic edema by up-regulated AQP1 expressions in astrocytes, whereas the latter at 48 h was mixed with vasogenic edema with both endothelial cells and astrocytes involvement. Microarray analysis revealed that at 12 h post-injury, ten miRs were upregulated (>2.0 fold) and seven miRs were downregulated (<0.5 fold) and at 48 h, ten miRs were upregulated and eleven were downregulated compared to Sham-operated controls. Genomic screening and luciferase assays identified that miR-320a was a potential modulator of AQP1 in spinal cord after IR in vitro. In vivo, compared to rats in IR and negative control group, intrathecal infusion of miR-320a mimic attenuated IR-induced lower limb motor function deficits and BSCB dysfunction as decreased EB extravasation and spinal water content through down-regulating AQP1 expressions, whereas pretreated with miR-320a AMO reversed above effects.
Conclusion These findings indicate miR-320a directly and functionally affects spinal cord edema through negatively regulating AQP1 of BSCB after IR.
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Frauenfelder C, Woods C, Hussey D, Ooi E, Klebe S, Carney AS. Aquaporin expression profiles in normal sinonasal mucosa and chronic rhinosinusitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2014; 4:901-8. [PMID: 25243928 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thickened secretions, mucosal edema, and polyp formation are pathological features in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) that could theoretically be caused by aberrant water flow through sinonasal mucosa. Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of proteins with roles in water transport, with tissue-specific expression profiles. This study aims to determine if AQP expression in sinonasal mucosa is different between normal controls and patients with CRS, either with (CRSwNP) or without (CRSsNP) nasal polyps. METHODS During endoscopic sinus surgery or transsphenoidal surgery, sinonasal tissue was collected and classified as CRSwNP (n = 13), CRSsNP (n = 10), or normal (n = 10). Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of human AQP0 to AQP12b was determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cellular localization of AQP1, AQP3, AQP4, AQP5, AQP7, and AQP11 was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS mRNA of AQP0 to AQP11 was identified in all samples. AQP12b mRNA was not detected. Significant differences in the mRNA expression levels of AQP4 and AQP11 were identified between normal and CRSwNP patients (p < 0.05). Differences in the cellular localization of AQPs were observed in both CRSsNP and CRSwNP patients vs normal controls. More intense localization to the cell cytoplasm was observed for AQP5 in glandular epithelium (CRSwNP; p < 0.05) and surface epithelium (CRSsNP; p < 0.05), and AQP4 in glandular epithelium (CRSsNP; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study characterized AQP mRNA expression and protein localization in normal human sinonasal tissue. Significant differences in mRNA expression were found for AQP4 and AQP11 in CRSwNP and differences in protein localization patterns of AQP4 and AQP5 were identified in both types of CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Frauenfelder
- Department of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Bradl M, Lassmann H. Experimental models of neuromyelitis optica. Brain Pathol 2014; 24:74-82. [PMID: 24345221 PMCID: PMC4065348 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
For a long time, the most important inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), for example, multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO), were extremely hard to differentiate, often with severe consequences for affected patients. This changed with the discovery of NMO‐immunoglobulin G (IgG), a specific autoantibody which was detected in the vast majority of NMO patients, and with the demonstration that this autoantibody targets aquaporin 4 (AQP4), a water channel found on astrocytes in the CNS. These findings paved the way for the generation of experimental models of NMO. This chapter will discuss the contribution of experimental models to NMO research and what key questions remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Bradl
- Department Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Tzartos JS, Stergiou C, Kilidireas K, Zisimopoulou P, Thomaidis T, Tzartos SJ. Anti-aquaporin-1 autoantibodies in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74773. [PMID: 24086369 PMCID: PMC3781161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies against aquaporin-4 (AQP4), a water channel in CNS astrocytes, are detected in ∼50–80% of patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOsd), characterized by longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) and/or optic neuritis. Although these autoantibodies present an invaluable biomarker for NMOsd and for the differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS), diagnosis of anti-AQP4-seronegative NMOsd remains challenging. We hypothesized that seronegative NMOsd patients might have autoantibodies against aquaporin-1 (AQP1), another water channel in CNS astrocytes. We initially developed a radioimmunoprecipitation assay to search for anti-AQP1 antibodies in sera from 632 individuals. Anti-AQP1 or anti-AQP4 autoantibodies were detected in 16.7% and 12%, respectively, of 348 patients with suspected NMOsd. Anti-AQP1 specificity was confirmed by competition, protein immunoblotting and ELISA assays, whereas epitope localization was studied by immunoadsorption on intact cells expressing AQP1 and peptide mapping experiments. Most anti-AQP1 autoantibodies were of the complement-activating IgG1 subclass and the majority bound to the extracellular domain of AQP1, suggesting a possible pathogenic role. Five out of 42 MS patients had anti-AQP1 antibodies, but 2 of them also had spinal cord lesions, while the anti-AQP1 antibodies in the other 3 bound to the cytoplasmic domain of AQP1. Anti-AQP1 antibodies were not detected in 100 healthy individuals or 142 patients with non-demyelinating neuroimmune diseases. Analysis of 17 anti-AQP1+/anti-AQP4- patients with suspected NMOsd showed that 5 had NMO and 11 had LETM. 12/17 of these sera bound predominantly to the extracellular AQP1 loop-Α. Overall, we found that anti-AQP1 autoantibodies are present in a subgroup of patients with chronic demyelination in the CNS and similarities with anti-AQP4-seronegative NMOsd, offering a novel potential biomarker for CNS demyelination disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S. Tzartos
- Department of Biochemistry, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital “Red Cross", Athens, Greece
- * E-mail: (JST); (SJT)
| | - Christos Stergiou
- Department of Biochemistry, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kilidireas
- Department of Neurology, Aeginition Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Thomas Thomaidis
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital “Red Cross", Athens, Greece
| | - Socrates J. Tzartos
- Department of Biochemistry, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- * E-mail: (JST); (SJT)
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