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Kim DH, Alayande AB, Lee JM, Jang JH, Jo SM, Jae MR, Yang E, Chae KJ. Emerging marine environmental pollution and ecosystem disturbance in ship hull cleaning for biofouling removal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167459. [PMID: 37788783 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Numerous marine sessile organisms adhere to ship hulls and increase the sailing resistance. Antibiofouling paints are employed to maintain the ship performance. However, the chemicals employed for antifouling purposes are becoming increasingly diverse, lacking clear toxicological information. Particularly, the imperfect antibiofouling efficacies of these chemicals necessitate periodic hull cleaning to dislodge attached marine organisms. This hull cleaning process inadvertently releases a plethora of hazardous substances, including antibiofouling chemicals, heavy metals, and cleaning agents, alongside exotic microorganisms. This results in profound marine pollution and ecosystem disruption. Specifically, these exotic microorganisms pose a novel ecological threat in coastal waters. However, despite the gravity of ship hull cleaning-related issues, comprehensive investigations have been lacking, and international regulatory measures are gaining attention recently. Aiming to provide solutions to the emerging challenges associated with hull cleaning, this review endeavors to comprehensively address the biofouling organisms and their mechanisms, potential antifouling paint hazards, and effective hull cleaning methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ho Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Abayomi Babatunde Alayande
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do 53064, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29625, United States
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Major of Ocean Renewable Energy Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyeok Jang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Min Jo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Major of Ocean Renewable Energy Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ri Jae
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Major of Ocean Renewable Energy Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Euntae Yang
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do 53064, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyu-Jung Chae
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Major of Ocean Renewable Energy Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea.
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He J, Wu Z, Chen L, Dai Q, Hao H, Su P, Ke C, Feng D. Adenosine Triggers Larval Settlement and Metamorphosis in the Mussel Mytilopsis sallei through the ADK-AMPK-FoxO Pathway. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:1390-1400. [PMID: 34254778 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Settlement and metamorphosis of planktonic larvae into benthic adults are critical components of a diverse range of marine invertebrate-mediated processes such as the formation of mussel beds and coral reefs, the recruitment of marine shellfisheries, and the initiation of macrobiofouling. Although larval settlement and metamorphosis induced by natural chemical cues is widespread among marine invertebrates, the mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. Here, we identified that the molecular target of adenosine (an inducer of larval settlement and metamorphosis from conspecific adults in the invasive biofouling mussel Mytilopsis sallei) is adenosine kinase (ADK). The results of transcriptomic analyses, pharmacological assays, temporal and spatial gene expression analyses, and siRNA interference, suggest that ATP-dependent phosphorylation of adenosine catalyzed by ADK activates the downstream AMPK-FoxO signaling pathway, inducing larval settlement and metamorphosis in M. sallei. This study not only reveals the role of the ADK-AMPK-FoxO pathway in larval settlement and metamorphosis of marine invertebrates but it also deepens our understanding of the functions and evolution of adenosine signaling, a process that is widespread in biology and important in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian He
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-Fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhiwen Wu
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Liying Chen
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Qi Dai
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Huanhuan Hao
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Pei Su
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Caihuan Ke
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Danqing Feng
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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Vogeler S, Carboni S, Li X, Nevejan N, Monaghan SJ, Ireland JH, Joyce A. Bivalves are NO different: nitric oxide as negative regulator of metamorphosis in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2020; 20:23. [PMID: 33228520 PMCID: PMC7686737 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-020-00232-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO) is presumed to be a regulator of metamorphosis in many invertebrate species, and although NO pathways have been comparatively well-investigated in gastropods, annelids and crustaceans, there has been very limited research on the effects of NO on metamorphosis in bivalve shellfish. RESULTS In this paper, we investigate the effects of NO pathway inhibitors and NO donors on metamorphosis induction in larvae of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. The nitric oxides synthase (NOS) inhibitors s-methylisothiourea hemisulfate salt (SMIS), aminoguanidine hemisulfate salt (AGH) and 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) induced metamorphosis at 75, 76 and 83% respectively, and operating in a concentration-dependent manner. Additional induction of up to 54% resulted from exposures to 1H-[1,2,4]Oxadiazole[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), an inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase, with which NO interacts to catalyse the synthesis of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Conversely, high concentrations of the NO donor sodium nitroprusside dihydrate in combination with metamorphosis inducers epinephrine, MK-801 or SMIS, significantly decreased metamorphosis, although a potential harmful effect of excessive NO unrelated to metamorphosis pathway cannot be excluded. Expression of CgNOS also decreased in larvae after metamorphosis regardless of the inducers used, but intensified again post-metamorphosis in spat. Fluorescent detection of NO in competent larvae with DAF-FM diacetate and localisation of the oyster nitric oxide synthase CgNOS expression by in-situ hybridisation showed that NO occurs primarily in two key larval structures, the velum and foot. cGMP was also detected in the foot using immunofluorescent assays, and is potentially involved in the foot's smooth muscle relaxation. CONCLUSION Together, these results suggest that the NO pathway acts as a negative regulator of metamorphosis in Pacific oyster larvae, and that NO reduction induces metamorphosis by inhibiting swimming or crawling behaviour, in conjunction with a cascade of additional neuroendocrine downstream responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Vogeler
- Department of Marine Science, University of Gothenburg, Carl Skottbergsgata 22 B, 41319, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefano Carboni
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA, Stirling, Scotland, UK
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- South Australia Research and Development Institute Aquatic Sciences Centre, 2 Hamra Ave, West Beach, SA, 5024, Australia
| | - Nancy Nevejan
- Department of Animal Production, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sean J Monaghan
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA, Stirling, Scotland, UK
| | - Jacqueline H Ireland
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA, Stirling, Scotland, UK
| | - Alyssa Joyce
- Department of Marine Science, University of Gothenburg, Carl Skottbergsgata 22 B, 41319, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Proteome of larval metamorphosis induced by epinephrine in the Fujian oyster Crassostrea angulata. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:675. [PMID: 32993483 PMCID: PMC7525975 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07066-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Fujian oyster Crassostrea angulata is an economically important species that has typical settlement and metamorphosis stages. The development of the oyster involves complex morphological and physiological changes, the molecular mechanisms of which are as yet unclear. Results In this study, changes in proteins were investigated during larval settlement and metamorphosis of Crassostrea angulata using epinephrine induction. Protein abundance and identity were characterized using label-free quantitative proteomics, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/ MS), and Mascot methods. The results showed that more than 50% (764 out of 1471) of the quantified proteins were characterized as differentially expressed. Notably, more than two-thirds of the differentially expressed proteins were down-regulated in epinephrine-induced larvae. The results showed that “metabolic process” was closely related to the development of settlement and metamorphosis; 5 × 10− 4 M epinephrine induced direct metamorphosis of larvae and was non-toxic. Calmodulin and MAPK pathways were involved in the regulation of settlement of the oyster. Expression levels of immune-related proteins increased during metamorphosis. Hepatic lectin-like proteins, cadherins, calmodulin, calreticulin, and cytoskeletal proteins were involved in metamorphosis. The nervous system may be remodeled in larval metamorphosis induced by epinephrine. Expression levels of proteins that were enriched in the epinephrine signaling pathway may reflect the developmental stage of the larvae, that may reflect whether or not larvae were directly involved in metamorphosis when the larvae were treated with epinephrine. Conclusion The study provides insight into proteins that function in energy metabolism, immune responses, settlement and metamorphosis, and shell formation in C. angulata. The results contribute valuable information for further research on larval settlement and metamorphosis. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Yang XX, Wong YH, Zhang Y, Zhang G, Qian PY. Exploring the regulatory role of nitric oxide (NO) and the NO-p38MAPK/cGMP pathway in larval settlement of the bryozoan Bugula neritina. BIOFOULING 2018; 34:545-556. [PMID: 29842799 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2018.1470240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The bryozoan Bugula neritina is a cosmopolitan marine fouling species that causes major fouling problems in sub-tropical waters. Settlement of B. neritina larvae can be triggered without an obvious external cue. Here, the negative regulatory role of nitric oxide (NO) during larval settlement of B. neritina was demonstrated to be mediated by cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Although the regulatory role of the NO-p38 MAPK signaling axis in larval settlement was not evident, inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) led to the deactivation of p38 MAPK. Exclusive localization of NO and NO signaling components in sensory-related organs of the larvae is consistent with its signal transduction function in metamorphosis. Overall, this study provides new insights into the regulatory roles of the NO-p38MAPK/cGMP pathway in B. neritina settlement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xue Yang
- a Division of Life Science , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Hong Kong SAR , PR China
| | - Yue Him Wong
- a Division of Life Science , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Hong Kong SAR , PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- b Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen , PR China
| | - Gen Zhang
- a Division of Life Science , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Hong Kong SAR , PR China
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- a Division of Life Science , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Hong Kong SAR , PR China
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Yang XX, Zhang Y, Wong YH, Qian PY. HSP90 regulates larval settlement of the bryozoan Bugula neritina through NO pathway. J Exp Biol 2018; 221:jeb.167478. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.167478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The larvae of many sessile marine invertebrates go through a settlement process, during which the planktonic larvae attach to a substrate and metamorphose into sessile juveniles. Larval attachment and metamorphosis (herein defined as “settlement”) are complex processes mediated by many signaling pathways. Nitric oxide (NO) signaling is one of the pathways that inhibits larval settlement in marine invertebrates across different phyla. NO is synthesized by NO synthase (NOS), which is a client of molecular chaperon heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). In the present study, we provide evidence that NO, a gaseous messenger, regulates larval settlement of B. neritina. By using pharmacological bioassays and western blotting, we demonstrated that NO inhibits larval settlement of B. neritina and that NO signals occur mainly in the sensory organ of swimming larvae. The settlement rate of B. neritina larvae decreased after heat shock treatment. Inhibition of HSP90 induced larval settlement, and attenuated the inhibition of NO donors during larval settlement. In addition, the expression level of both HSP90 and NOS declined upon settlement. These results demonstrate that HSP90 regulates the larval settlement of B. neritina by interacting with the NO pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xue Yang
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Him Wong
- Department of Biotechnology, Akita Prefectural University, Japan
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
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He LS, Zhang G, Wang Y, Yan GY, Qian PY. Toward understanding barnacle cementing by characterization of one cement protein-100kDa in Amphibalanus amphitrite. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 495:969-975. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yan G, Zhang G, Huang J, Lan Y, Sun J, Zeng C, Wang Y, Qian PY, He L. Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Candidate Genes and Pathways Involved in Larval Settlement of the Barnacle Megabalanus volcano. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2253. [PMID: 29077039 PMCID: PMC5713223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Megabalanus barnacle is one of the model organisms for marine biofouling research. However, further elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying larval settlement has been hindered due to the lack of genomic information thus far. In the present study, cDNA libraries were constructed for cyprids, the key stage for larval settlement, and adults of Megabalanus volcano. After high-throughput sequencing and de novo assembly, 42,620 unigenes were obtained with a N50 value of 1532 bp. These unigenes were annotated by blasting against the NCBI non-redundant (nr), Swiss-Prot, Cluster of Orthologous Groups (COG), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. Finally, 19,522, 15,691, 14,459, and 10,914 unigenes were identified correspondingly. There were 22,158 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified between two stages. Compared with the cyprid stage, 8241 unigenes were down-regulated and 13,917 unigenes were up-regulated at the adult stage. The neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway (ko04080) was significantly enriched by KEGG enrichment analysis of the DEGs, suggesting that it possibly involved in larval settlement. Potential functions of three conserved allatostatin neuropeptide-receptor pairs and two light-sensitive opsin proteins were further characterized, indicating that they might regulate attachment and metamorphosis at cyprid stage. These results provided a deeper insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying larval settlement of barnacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyong Yan
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China.
- College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China.
| | - Gen Zhang
- The Shenzhen Nobel Science and Technology Service Co., Ltd., Nanshan District, Shenzhen 440305, China.
| | - Jiaomei Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China.
| | - Yi Lan
- Division of Life Sciences, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jin Sun
- Division of Life Sciences, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Cong Zeng
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China.
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- Division of Life Sciences, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Lisheng He
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China.
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Stepwise metamorphosis of the tubeworm Hydroides elegans is mediated by a bacterial inducer and MAPK signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:10097-102. [PMID: 27551098 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1603142113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse animal taxa metamorphose between larval and juvenile phases in response to bacteria. Although bacteria-induced metamorphosis is widespread among metazoans, little is known about the molecular changes that occur in the animal upon stimulation by bacteria. Larvae of the tubeworm Hydroides elegans metamorphose in response to surface-bound Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea bacteria, producing ordered arrays of phage tail-like metamorphosis-associated contractile structures (MACs). Sequencing the Hydroides genome and transcripts during five developmental stages revealed that MACs induce the regulation of groups of genes important for tissue remodeling, innate immunity, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Using two MAC mutations that block P. luteoviolacea from inducing settlement or metamorphosis and three MAPK inhibitors, we established a sequence of bacteria-induced metamorphic events: MACs induce larval settlement; then, particular properties of MACs encoded by a specific locus in P. luteoviolacea initiate cilia loss and activate metamorphosis-associated transcription; finally, signaling through p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) MAPK pathways alters gene expression and leads to morphological changes upon initiation of metamorphosis. Our results reveal that the intricate interaction between Hydroides and P. luteoviolacea can be dissected using genomic, genetic, and pharmacological tools. Hydroides' dependency on bacteria for metamorphosis highlights the importance of external stimuli to orchestrate animal development. The conservation of Hydroides genome content with distantly related deuterostomes (urchins, sea squirts, and humans) suggests that mechanisms of bacteria-induced metamorphosis in Hydroides may have conserved features in diverse animals. As a major biofouling agent, insight into the triggers of Hydroides metamorphosis might lead to practical strategies for fouling control.
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Zhang G, Yan GY, Yang XX, Wong YH, Sun J, Zhang Y, He LS, Xu Y, Qian PY. Characterization of Arginine Kinase in the Barnacle Amphibalanus Amphitrite and Its Role in the Larval Settlement. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2016; 326:237-49. [PMID: 27245369 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Energy metabolism is a key process in larval settlement of barnacles, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain ambiguous. Arginine kinase (AK) mainly participates in energy metabolism in invertebrates. So far, its roles in barnacles have not been studied. In the present study, we raised an antibody against AK from Amphibalanus amphitrite Darwin to characterize the roles of AK in the larval settlement process. Among the developmental stages, AK was highly expressed during the cypris stage. Along with the aging process in cyprids, the level of AK decreased. The immunostaining results showed that AK was localized to muscular tissues in cyprids, including antennules, antennular muscles, and thoracic limbs. The larval settlement rate decreased and larval movement was inhibited in response to treatments with high concentrations of AK inhibitors (rutin and quercetin). These results demonstrated that AK was involved in the larval settlement of A. amphitrite through mediating energy supply in muscle tissues. Moreover, further analysis indicated that both the p38 MAPK and NO/cGMP pathways positively mediated the expression of AK in cyprids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Zhang
- Environmental Science Programs and Division of Life Science, School of Science, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Yong Yan
- Sanya Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Xue Yang
- Environmental Science Programs and Division of Life Science, School of Science, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Him Wong
- Environmental Science Programs and Division of Life Science, School of Science, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Jin Sun
- Environmental Science Programs and Division of Life Science, School of Science, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Li-Sheng He
- Sanya Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Ying Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- Environmental Science Programs and Division of Life Science, School of Science, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
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Chandramouli KH, Al-Aqeel S, Ryu T, Zhang H, Seridi L, Ghosheh Y, Qian PY, Ravasi T. Transcriptome and proteome dynamics in larvae of the barnacle Balanus Amphitrite from the Red Sea. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:1063. [PMID: 26666348 PMCID: PMC4678614 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2262-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The barnacle Balanus amphitrite is widely distributed in marine shallow and tidal waters, and has significant economic and ecological importance. Nauplii, the first larval stage of most crustaceans, are extremely abundant in the marine zooplankton. However, a lack of genome information has hindered elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of development, settlement and survival strategies in extreme marine environments. We sequenced and constructed the genome dataset for nauplii to obtain comprehensive larval genetic information. We also investigated iTRAQ-based protein expression patterns to reveal the molecular basis of nauplii development, and to gain information on larval survival strategies in the Red Sea marine environment. Results A nauplii larval transcript dataset, containing 92,117 predicted open reading frames (ORFs), was constructed and used as a reference for the proteome analysis. Genes related to translation, oxidative phosphorylation and cytoskeletal development were highly abundant. We observed remarkable plasticity in the proteome of Red Sea larvae. The proteins associated with development, stress responses and osmoregulation showed the most significant differences between the two larval populations studied. The synergistic overexpression of heat shock and osmoregulatory proteins may facilitate larval survival in intertidal habitats or in extreme environments. Conclusions We presented, for the first time, comprehensive transcriptome and proteome datasets for Red Sea nauplii. The datasets provide a foundation for future investigations focused on the survival mechanisms of other crustaceans in extreme marine environments. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-2262-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kondethimmanahalli H Chandramouli
- KAUST Environmental Epigenetic Program (KEEP), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sarah Al-Aqeel
- KAUST Environmental Epigenetic Program (KEEP), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Taewoo Ryu
- KAUST Environmental Epigenetic Program (KEEP), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Huoming Zhang
- Bioscience Core Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Loqmane Seridi
- KAUST Environmental Epigenetic Program (KEEP), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yanal Ghosheh
- KAUST Environmental Epigenetic Program (KEEP), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- KAUST Global Collaborative Research Program, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Timothy Ravasi
- KAUST Environmental Epigenetic Program (KEEP), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. .,Division of Applied Mathematics and Computer Sciences, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Chen L, Lam JCW, Zhang X, Pan K, Guo C, Lam PKS, Wang W, Liu H, Qian PY. Relationship between metal and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) body burden and health risks in the barnacle Balanus amphitrite. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 100:383-392. [PMID: 26320980 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we employed the widespread and gregarious barnacle species Balanus amphitrite in a biomonitoring program to evaluate coastal pollution around three piers (i.e., Tso Wo Hang, Sai Kung and Hebe Haven) in Hong Kong. An integrated approach was used herein, combining both the chemical determination of contaminant concentrations, including metals and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and a suite of biological responses across the entire barnacle lifecycle (i.e., adult, nauplius, cyprid and juvenile). The analytical results revealed a distinct geographical distribution of metals and PBDEs. Adult physiological processes and larval behaviors varied significantly among the three piers. Furthermore, a correlation analysis demonstrated a specific suite of biological responses towards metal and PBDE exposure, likely resulting from their distinct modes of action. Overall, the results of this study indicated that the combination of chemical and biological tests provided an integrated measure for the comprehensive assessment of marine pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianguo Chen
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - James C W Lam
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute Building, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute Building, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Ke Pan
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cui Guo
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute Building, Shenzhen 518057, China; Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenxiong Wang
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
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Zhang G, He LS, Him Wong Y, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Qian PY. p38 MAPK regulates PKAα and CUB-serine protease in Amphibalanus amphitrite cyprids. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14767. [PMID: 26434953 PMCID: PMC4593178 DOI: 10.1038/srep14767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The MKK3-p38 MAPK pathway has been reported to mediate larval settlement in Amphibalanus (=Balanus) amphitrite. To clarify the underlying molecular mechanism, we applied label-free proteomics to analyze changes in the proteome of cyprids treated with a p38 MAPK inhibitor. The results showed that the expression levels of 80 proteins were significantly modified (p < 0.05). These differentially expressed proteins were assigned to 15 functional groups according to the KOG database and 9 pathways were significantly enriched. Further analysis revealed that p38 MAPK might regulate the energy supply and metamorphosis. Two potential regulatory proteins, CUB-serine protease and PKAα, were both down-regulated in expression. CUB-serine protease localized to postaxial seta 2 and 3, as well as the 4 subterminal sensilla in the antennule. Importantly, it was co-localized with the neuron transmitter serotonin in the sections, suggesting that the CUB-serine protease was present in the neural system. PKAα was highly expressed during the cyprid and juvenile stages, and it was co-localized with phospho-p38 MAPK (pp38 MAPK) to the cement gland, suggesting that PKAα might have some functions in cement glands. Overall, p38 MAPK might regulate multiple functions in A. amphitrite cyprids, including the energy supply, metamorphosis, neural system and cement glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Zhang
- Environmental Science Programs and Division of Life Science, School of Science, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Li-Sheng He
- Sanya Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 62, Fenghuang Road, Sanya, Hainan, P. R. China, 572000
| | - Yue Him Wong
- Environmental Science Programs and Division of Life Science, School of Science, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Ying Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China, 518060
| | - Yu Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China, 518060
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- Environmental Science Programs and Division of Life Science, School of Science, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
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14
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Zhang G, He LS, Wong YH, Yu L, Qian PY. siRNA transfection in the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite larvae. J Exp Biol 2015; 218:2505-9. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.120113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) provides an efficient and specific technique for functional genomic studies. Yet, no successful application of RNAi has been reported in barnacles. In this study, siRNA against p38 MAPK was synthesized and then transfected into A. amphitrite larvae at either nauplius or cyprid stage, or both. Effects of siRNA transfection on p38 MAPK level were hardly detectable in the cyprids that their corresponding nauplii were transfected. In contrast, larvae that were transfected at cyprid stage showed lower level of p38 MAPK than the blank and reagent controls. However, significantly decreased level of phosphorylated p38 MAPK (pp38 MAPK) and reduced settlement rate were observed only in the “Double Transfection”, in which larvae were exposed to siRNA solution at both the nauplius and cyprid stages. Relatively longer transfection time and more cells of the larvae exposed to siRNA directly might explain the higher efficiency in the “Double Transfection”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Zhang
- Environmental Science Programs, School of Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- KAUST Global Collaborative Research Program, Division of Life Science, School of Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li-sheng He
- KAUST Global Collaborative Research Program, Division of Life Science, School of Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Sanya Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 62, Fenghuang Road, Sanya City, Hainan Province, China, 572000
| | - Yue Him Wong
- KAUST Global Collaborative Research Program, Division of Life Science, School of Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li Yu
- Environmental Science Programs, School of Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- KAUST Global Collaborative Research Program, Division of Life Science, School of Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pei-yuan Qian
- Environmental Science Programs, School of Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- KAUST Global Collaborative Research Program, Division of Life Science, School of Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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15
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He S, Qian Z, Yang J, Wang X, Mi X, Liu Y, Hou F, Liu Q, Liu X. Molecular characterization of a p38 MAPK from Litopenaeus vannamei and its expression during the molt cycle and following pathogen infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 41:217-221. [PMID: 23707783 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase, has been reported to be involved in innate immunity, development and muscle differentiation. To explore the function of p38 in shrimp, partial cDNA sequence of p38 in Litopenaeus vannamei (designated as Lv-p38) was characterized and the expression of Lv-p38 in hepatopancreas of the shrimp after being infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus and in muscle of the shrimp at different molt stages was detected by quantitative RT-PCR in this study. The results showed that the open reading frame of Lv-p38 was 1098 bp and encoded a protein of 365 amino acids. The protein of Lv-p38 which showed close phylogenetic relationship to Marsupenaeus japonicus p38 had a conserved TGY motif and serine/threonine protein kinase (S_TKc) domain. The expression of Lv-p38 was detected in all tested tissues, especially in the hepatopancreas and muscle. The expression of Lv-p38 in the hepatopancreas was different from that of the control at the 24th hour after the injection of V. parahaemolyticus and in the muscle significantly increased at stage C but decreased at other stages during molt, illustrating that Lv-p38 could be involved in pathogen infection and the molt cycle of shrimp. In conclusion, we identified Lv-p38 and studied its role in pathogen infection and molting, which might facilitate our understanding of the function of p38 in innate immunity and growth during molt of shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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16
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Zhang G, He LS, Wong YH, Qian PY. MKK3 was involved in larval settlement of the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite through activating the kinase activity of p38MAPK. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69510. [PMID: 23922727 PMCID: PMC3726695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) plays a key role in larval settlement of the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite. To study the signaling pathway associated with p38MAPK during larval settlement, we sought to identify the upstream kinase of p38MAPK. Three MKKs (MKK3, MKK4 and MKK7) and three MAPKs (p38MAPK, ERK and JNK) in A. amphitrite were cloned and recombinantly expressed in E. coli. Through kinase assays, we found that MKK3, but not MKK4 or MKK7, phosphorylated p38MAPK. Furthermore, MKK3 activity was specific to p38MAPK, as it did not phosphorylate ERK or JNK. To further investigate the functional relationship between MKK3 and p38MAPK in vivo, we studied the localization of phospho-MKK3 (pMKK3) and MKK3 by immunostaining. Consistent with the patterns of p38MAPK and phospho-p38MAPK (pp38MAPK), pMKK3 and MKK3 mainly localized to the antennules of the cyprids. Western blot analysis revealed that pMKK3 levels, like pp38MAPK levels, were elevated at cyprid stage, compared to nauplii and juvenile stages. Moreover, pMKK3 levels increased after treatment with adult barnacle crude extracts, suggesting that MKK3 might mediate the stimulatory effects of adult barnacle extracts on the p38MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Zhang
- KAUST Global Collaborative Research Program, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li-Sheng He
- KAUST Global Collaborative Research Program, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yue Him Wong
- KAUST Global Collaborative Research Program, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- KAUST Global Collaborative Research Program, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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17
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He LS, Zhang G, Qian PY. Characterization of two 20kDa-cement protein (cp20k) homologues in Amphibalanus amphitrite. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64130. [PMID: 23717550 PMCID: PMC3661472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The barnacle, Amphibalanus amphitrite, is a common marine fouling organism. Understanding the mechanism of barnacle adhesion will be helpful in resolving the fouling problem. Barnacle cement is thought to play a key role in barnacle attachment. Although several adult barnacle cement proteins have been identified in Megabalanus rosa, little is known about their function in barnacle settlement. In this study, two homologous 20k-cement proteins (cp20k) in Amphibalanus amphitrite, named Bamcp20k-1 and Bamcp20k-2, were characterized. The two homologues share primary sequence structure with proteins from other species including Megabalanus rosa and Fistulobalanus albicostatus. The conserved structure included repeated Cys domains and abundant charged amino acids, such as histidine. In this study we demonstrated that Bamcp20k-1 localized at the α secretory cells in the cyprid cement gland, while Bamcp20k-2 localized to the β secretory cells. The differential localizations suggest differential regulation for secretion from the secretory cells. Both Bamcp20k-1 and Bamcp20k-2 from cyprids dissolved in PBS. However, adult Bamcp20k-2, which was dominant in the basal shell of adult barnacles, was largely insoluble in PBS. Solubility increased in the presence of the reducing reagent Dithiothreitol (DTT), suggesting that the formation of disulfide bonds plays a role in Bamcp20k-2 function. In comparison, Bamcp20k-1, which was enriched in soft tissue, could not be easily detected in the shell and base by Western blot and easily dissolved in PBS. These differential solubilities and localizations indicate that Bamcp20k-1 and Bamcp20k-2 have distinct functions in barnacle cementing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Sheng He
- KAUST Global Collaborative Research Program, Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gen Zhang
- KAUST Global Collaborative Research Program, Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- KAUST Global Collaborative Research Program, Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- * E-mail:
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18
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Tait K, Havenhand J. Investigating a possible role for the bacterial signal molecules N-acylhomoserine lactones in Balanus improvisus cyprid settlement. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:2588-602. [PMID: 23506419 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Increased settlement on bacterial biofilms has been demonstrated for a number of marine invertebrate larvae, but the nature of the cue(s) responsible is not well understood. We tested the hypothesis that the bay barnacle Balanus improvisus utilizes the bacterial signal molecules N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) as a cue for the selection of sites for permanent attachment. Single species biofilms of the AHL-producing bacteria Vibrio anguillarum, Aeromonas hydrophila and Sulfitobacter sp. BR1 were attractive to settling cypris larvae of B. improvisus. However, when AHL production was inactivated, either by mutation of the AHL synthetic genes or by expression of an AHL-degrading gene (aiiA), the ability of the bacteria to attract cyprids was abolished. In addition, cyprids actively explored biofilms of E. coli expressing the recombinant AHL synthase genes luxI from Vibrio fischeri (3-oxo-C6-HSL), rhlI from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (C4-HSL/C6-HSL), vanI from V. anguillarum (3-oxo-C10-HSL) and sulI from Sulfitobacter sp. BR1 (C4-HSL, 3-hydroxy-C6-HSL, C8-HSL and 3-hydroxy-C10-HSL), but not E. coli that did not produce AHLs. Finally, synthetic AHLs (C8-HSL, 3-oxo-C10-HSL and C12-HSL) at concentrations similar to those found within natural biofilms (5 μm) resulted in increased cyprid settlement. Thus, B. improvisus cypris exploration of and settlement on biofilms appears to be mediated by AHL-signalling bacteria in the laboratory. This adds to our understanding of how quorum sensing inhibition may be used as for biofouling control. Nonetheless, the significance of our results for larvae settling naturally in the field, and the mechanisms that underlay the observed responses to AHLs, is as yet unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Tait
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, UK.
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Chandramouli KH, Sun J, Mok FS, Liu L, Qiu JW, Ravasi T, Qian PY. Transcriptome and quantitative proteome analysis reveals molecular processes associated with larval metamorphosis in the polychaete Pseudopolydora vexillosa. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:1344-58. [PMID: 23294167 DOI: 10.1021/pr3010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Larval growth of the polychaete worm Pseudopolydora vexillosa involves the formation of segment-specific structures. When larvae attain competency to settle, they discard swimming chaetae and secrete mucus. The larvae build tubes around themselves and metamorphose into benthic juveniles. Understanding the molecular processes, which regulate this complex and unique transition, remains a major challenge because of the limited molecular information available. To improve this situation, we conducted high-throughput RNA sequencing and quantitative proteome analysis of the larval stages of P. vexillosa. Based on gene ontology (GO) analysis, transcripts related to cellular and metabolic processes, binding, and catalytic activities were highly represented during larval-adult transition. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), calcium-signaling, Wnt/β-catenin, and notch signaling metabolic pathways were enriched in transcriptome data. Quantitative proteomics identified 107 differentially expressed proteins in three distinct larval stages. Fourteen and 53 proteins exhibited specific differential expression during competency and metamorphosis, respectively. Dramatic up-regulation of proteins involved in signaling, metabolism, and cytoskeleton functions were found during the larval-juvenile transition. Several proteins involved in cell signaling, cytoskeleton and metabolism were up-regulated, whereas proteins related to transcription and oxidative phosphorylation were down-regulated during competency. The integration of high-throughput RNA sequencing and quantitative proteomics allowed a global scale analysis of larval transcripts/proteins associated molecular processes in the metamorphosis of polychaete worms. Further, transcriptomic and proteomic insights provide a new direction to understand the fundamental mechanisms that regulate larval metamorphosis in polychaetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kondethimmahalli H Chandramouli
- KAUST Global Collaborative Research, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
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Abstract
Various antifouling (AF) coatings have been developed to protect submerged surfaces by deterring the settlement of the colonizing stages of fouling organisms. A review of the literature shows that effective AF compounds with specific targets are ones often considered non-toxic. Such compounds act variously on ion channels, quorum sensing systems, neurotransmitters, production/release of adhesive, and specific enzymes that regulate energy production or primary metabolism. In contrast, AF compounds with general targets may or may not act through toxic mechanisms. These compounds affect a variety of biological activities including algal photosynthesis, energy production, stress responses, genotoxic damage, immunosuppressed protein expression, oxidation, neurotransmission, surface chemistry, the formation of biofilms, and adhesive production/release. Among all the targets, adhesive production/release is the most common, possibly due to a more extensive research effort in this area. Overall, the specific molecular targets and the molecular mechanisms of most AF compounds have not been identified. Thus, the information available is insufficient to draw firm conclusions about the types of molecular targets to be used as sensitive biomarkers for future design and screening of compounds with AF potential. In this review, the relevant advantages and disadvantages of the molecular tools available for studying the molecular targets of AF compounds are highlighted briefly and the molecular mechanisms of the AF compounds, which are largely a source of speculation in the literature, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yuan Qian
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, HKSAR, China.
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