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Notbohm J, Napiwocki B, deLange W, Stempien A, Saraswathibhatla A, Craven R, Salick M, Ralphe J, Crone W. Two-Dimensional Culture Systems to Enable Mechanics-Based Assays for Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS 2019; 59:1235-1248. [PMID: 31680699 PMCID: PMC6824432 DOI: 10.1007/s11340-019-00473-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Well-controlled 2D cell culture systems advance basic investigations in cell biology and provide innovative platforms for drug development, toxicity testing, and diagnostic assays. These cell culture systems have become more advanced in order to provide and to quantify the appropriate biomechanical and biochemical cues that mimic the milieu of conditions present in vivo. Here we present an innovative 2D cell culture system to investigate human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, the muscle cells of the heart responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. We designed our 2D cell culture platform to control intracellular features to produce adult-like cardiomyocyte organization with connectivity and anisotropic conduction comparable to the native heart, and combined it with optical microscopy to quantify cell-cell and cell-substrate mechanical interactions. We show the measurement of forces and displacements that occur within individual cells, between neighboring cells, and between cells and their surrounding matrix. This system has broad potential to expand our understanding of tissue physiology, with particular advantages for the study of the mechanically active heart. Furthermore, this technique should prove valuable in screening potential drugs for efficacy and testing for toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Notbohm
- Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
| | - B.N. Napiwocki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
| | - W.J. deLange
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - A. Stempien
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
| | - A. Saraswathibhatla
- Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
| | - R.J. Craven
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
| | - M.R. Salick
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
| | - J.C. Ralphe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - W.C. Crone
- Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
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Wang L, Li Z, Xu C, Qin J. Bioinspired Engineering of Organ-on-Chip Devices. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1174:401-440. [PMID: 31713207 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9791-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The human body can be viewed as an organism consisting of a variety of cellular and non-cellular materials interacting in a highly ordered manner. Its complex and hierarchical nature inspires the multi-level recapitulation of the human body in order to gain insights into the inner workings of life. While traditional cell culture models have led to new insights into the cellular microenvironment and biological control in vivo, deeper understanding of biological systems and human pathophysiology requires the development of novel model systems that allow for analysis of complex internal and external interactions within the cellular microenvironment in a more relevant organ context. Engineering organ-on-chip systems offers an unprecedented opportunity to unravel the complex and hierarchical nature of human organs. In this chapter, we first highlight the advances in microfluidic platforms that enable engineering of the cellular microenvironment and the transition from cells-on-chips to organs-on-chips. Then, we introduce the key features of the emerging organs-on-chips and their proof-of-concept applications in biomedical research. We also discuss the challenges and future outlooks of this state-of-the-art technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Cong Xu
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Qin
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Kačarević ŽP, Rider PM, Alkildani S, Retnasingh S, Smeets R, Jung O, Ivanišević Z, Barbeck M. An Introduction to 3D Bioprinting: Possibilities, Challenges and Future Aspects. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E2199. [PMID: 30404222 PMCID: PMC6266989 DOI: 10.3390/ma11112199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bioprinting is an emerging field in regenerative medicine. Producing cell-laden, three-dimensional structures to mimic bodily tissues has an important role not only in tissue engineering, but also in drug delivery and cancer studies. Bioprinting can provide patient-specific spatial geometry, controlled microstructures and the positioning of different cell types for the fabrication of tissue engineering scaffolds. In this brief review, the different fabrication techniques: laser-based, extrusion-based and inkjet-based bioprinting, are defined, elaborated and compared. Advantages and challenges of each technique are addressed as well as the current research status of each technique towards various tissue types. Nozzle-based techniques, like inkjet and extrusion printing, and laser-based techniques, like stereolithography and laser-assisted bioprinting, are all capable of producing successful bioprinted scaffolds. These four techniques were found to have diverse effects on cell viability, resolution and print fidelity. Additionally, the choice of materials and their concentrations were also found to impact the printing characteristics. Each technique has demonstrated individual advantages and disadvantages with more recent research conduct involving multiple techniques to combine the advantages of each technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Željka P Kačarević
- Department of Anatomy Histology, Embryology, Pathology Anatomy and Pathology Histology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | | | - Said Alkildani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, German-Jordanian University, 11180 Amman, Jordan.
| | - Sujith Retnasingh
- Institute for Environmental Toxicology, Martin-Luther-Universität, Halle-Wittenberg and Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Anhalt University of Applied Science, 06366 Köthen, Germany.
| | - Ralf Smeets
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ole Jung
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Zrinka Ivanišević
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Mike Barbeck
- Botiss Biomaterials, Hauptstraße 28, 15806 Zossen, Germany.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
- BerlinAnalytix GmbH, 12109 Berlin, Germany.
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4
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Uhl C, Shi W, Liu Y. Organ-on-Chip Devices Toward Applications in Drug Development and Screening. J Med Device 2018. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4040272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As a necessary pathway to man-made organs, organ-on-chips (OOC), which simulate the activities, mechanics, and physiological responses of real organs, have attracted plenty of attention over the past decade. As the maturity of three-dimensional (3D) cell-culture models and microfluidics advances, the study of OOCs has made significant progress. This review article provides a comprehensive overview and classification of OOC microfluidics. Specifically, the review focuses on OOC systems capable of being used in preclinical drug screening and development. Additionally, the review highlights the strengths and weaknesses of each OOC system toward the goal of improved drug development and screening. The various OOC systems investigated throughout the review include, blood vessel, lung, liver, and tumor systems and the potential benefits, which each provides to the growing challenge of high-throughput drug screening. Published OOC systems have been reviewed over the past decade (2007–2018) with focus given mainly to more recent advances and improvements within each organ system. Each OOC system has been reviewed on how closely and realistically it is able to mimic its physiological counterpart, the degree of information provided by the system toward the ultimate goal of drug development and screening, how easily each system would be able to transition to large scale high-throughput drug screening, and what further improvements to each system would help to improve the functionality, realistic nature of the platform, and throughput capacity. Finally, a summary is provided of where the broad field of OOCs appears to be headed in the near future along with suggestions on where future efforts should be focused for optimized performance of OOC systems in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Uhl
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015
| | - Wentao Shi
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015 e-mail:
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Dystrophin Cardiomyopathies: Clinical Management, Molecular Pathogenesis and Evolution towards Precision Medicine. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7090291. [PMID: 30235804 PMCID: PMC6162458 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7090291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy is an X-linked neuromuscular disease that manifests as muscle atrophy and cardiomyopathy in young boys. However, a considerable percentage of carrier females are often diagnosed with cardiomyopathy at an advanced stage. Existing therapy is not disease-specific and has limited effect, thus many patients and symptomatic carrier females prematurely die due to heart failure. Early detection is one of the major challenges that muscular dystrophy patients, carrier females, family members and, research and medical teams face in the complex course of dystrophic cardiomyopathy management. Despite the widespread adoption of advanced imaging modalities such as cardiac magnetic resonance, there is much scope for refining the diagnosis and treatment of dystrophic cardiomyopathy. This comprehensive review will focus on the pertinent clinical aspects of cardiac disease in muscular dystrophy while also providing a detailed consideration of the known and developing concepts in the pathophysiology of muscular dystrophy and forthcoming therapeutic options.
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Martewicz S, Serena E, Zatti S, Keller G, Elvassore N. Substrate and mechanotransduction influence SERCA2a localization in human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes affecting functional performance. Stem Cell Res 2017; 25:107-114. [PMID: 29125993 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical cues are major determinants of cellular phenotype and evoke physiological and pathological responses on cell structure and function. Cellular models aim to recapitulate basic functional features of their in vivo counterparts or tissues in order to be of use in in vitro disease modeling or drug screening and testing. Understanding how culture systems affect in vitro development of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derivatives allows optimization of cellular human models and gives insight in the processes involved in their structural organization and function. In this work, we show involvement of the mechanotransduction pathway RhoA/ROCK in the structural reorganization of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes after adhesion plating. These structural changes have a major impact on the intracellular localization of SERCA2 pumps and concurrent improvement in calcium cycling. The process is triggered by cell interaction with the culture substrate, which mechanical cues drive sarcomeric alignment and SERCA2a spreading and relocalization from a perinuclear to a whole-cell distribution. This structural reorganization is mediated by the mechanical properties of the substrate, as shown by the process failure in hPSC-CMs cultured on soft 4kPa hydrogels as opposed to physiologically stiff 16kPa hydrogels and glass. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) by different compounds identifies this specific signaling pathway as a major player in SERCA2 localization and the associated improvement in hPSC-CMs calcium handling ability in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Martewicz
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, via Marzolo 9, Padova 35131, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, via Orus 2, Padova 35129, Italy; Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS), ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Elena Serena
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, via Marzolo 9, Padova 35131, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, via Orus 2, Padova 35129, Italy
| | - Susi Zatti
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, via Marzolo 9, Padova 35131, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, via Orus 2, Padova 35129, Italy
| | - Gordon Keller
- McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Nicola Elvassore
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, via Marzolo 9, Padova 35131, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, via Orus 2, Padova 35129, Italy; Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS), ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China; Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
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7
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Shin SR, Zhang YS, Kim DJ, Manbohi A, Avci H, Silvestri A, Aleman J, Hu N, Kilic T, Keung W, Righi M, Assawes P, Alhadrami HA, Li RA, Dokmeci MR, Khademhosseini A. Aptamer-Based Microfluidic Electrochemical Biosensor for Monitoring Cell-Secreted Trace Cardiac Biomarkers. Anal Chem 2016; 88:10019-10027. [PMID: 27617489 PMCID: PMC5844853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Continual monitoring of secreted biomarkers from organ-on-a-chip models is desired to understand their responses to drug exposure in a noninvasive manner. To achieve this goal, analytical methods capable of monitoring trace amounts of secreted biomarkers are of particular interest. However, a majority of existing biosensing techniques suffer from limited sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and require large working volumes, especially when cell culture medium is involved, which usually contains a plethora of nonspecific binding proteins and interfering compounds. Hence, novel analytical platforms are needed to provide noninvasive, accurate information on the status of organoids at low working volumes. Here, we report a novel microfluidic aptamer-based electrochemical biosensing platform for monitoring damage to cardiac organoids. The system is scalable, low-cost, and compatible with microfluidic platforms easing its integration with microfluidic bioreactors. To create the creatine kinase (CK)-MB biosensor, the microelectrode was functionalized with aptamers that are specific to CK-MB biomarker secreted from a damaged cardiac tissue. Compared to antibody-based sensors, the proposed aptamer-based system was highly sensitive, selective, and stable. The performance of the sensors was assessed using a heart-on-a-chip system constructed from human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes following exposure to a cardiotoxic drug, doxorubicin. The aptamer-based biosensor was capable of measuring trace amounts of CK-MB secreted by the cardiac organoids upon drug treatments in a dose-dependent manner, which was in agreement with the beating behavior and cell viability analyses. We believe that, our microfluidic electrochemical biosensor using aptamer-based capture mechanism will find widespread applications in integration with organ-on-a-chip platforms for in situ detection of biomarkers at low abundance and high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Ryon Shin
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Duck-Jin Kim
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ahmad Manbohi
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, P.O. Box 14334-186, Tehran, Iran
| | - Huseyin Avci
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, 26480 Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Antonia Silvestri
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Politecnico di Torino, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications (DET), Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Julio Aleman
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ning Hu
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, PR China
| | - Tugba Kilic
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Izmir Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 35620 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Wendy Keung
- Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong - Karolinska Institutet Collaboration in Regenerative Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martina Righi
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pribpandao Assawes
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hani A. Alhadrami
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ronald A. Li
- Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong - Karolinska Institutet Collaboration in Regenerative Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mehmet R. Dokmeci
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia
- College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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8
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Lewandowski J, Kolanowski TJ, Kurpisz M. Techniques for the induction of human pluripotent stem cell differentiation towards cardiomyocytes. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:1658-1674. [PMID: 26777594 DOI: 10.1002/term.2117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The derivation of pluripotent stem cells from human embryos and the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from somatic cells opened a new chapter in studies on the regeneration of the post-infarction heart and regenerative medicine as a whole. Thus, protocols for obtaining iPSCs were enthusiastically adopted and widely used for further experiments on cardiac differentiation. iPSC-mediated cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) under in vitro culture conditions are generated by simulating natural cardiomyogenesis and involve the wingless-type mouse mammary tumour virus integration site family (WNT), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling pathways. New strategies have been proposed to take advantage of small chemical molecules, organic compounds and even electric or mechanical stimulation. There are three main approaches to support cardiac commitment in vitro: embryoid bodis (EBs), monolayer in vitro cultures and inductive co-cultures with visceral endoderm-like (END2) cells. In EB technique initial uniform size of pluripotent stem cell (PSC) colonies has a pivotal significance. Hence, some methods were designed to support cells aggregation. Another well-suited procedure is based on culturing cells in monolayer conditions in order to improve accessibility of growth factors and nutrients. Other distinct tactics are using visceral endoderm-like cells to culture them with PSCs due to secretion of procardiac cytokines. Finally, the appropriate purification of the obtained cardiomyocytes is required prior to their administration to a patient under the prospective cellular therapy strategy. This goal can be achieved using non-genetic methods, such as the application of surface markers and fluorescent dyes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Lewandowski
- Department of Reproductive Biology and Stem Cells, Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz J Kolanowski
- Department of Reproductive Biology and Stem Cells, Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Kurpisz
- Department of Reproductive Biology and Stem Cells, Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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9
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In vitro cardiac tissue models: Current status and future prospects. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 96:203-13. [PMID: 26428618 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Achieving the next phase of potential treatment strategies and better prognostic tools will require a concerted effort from interdisciplinary fields. Biomaterials-based cardiac tissue models are revolutionizing the area of preclinical research and translational applications. The goal of in vitro cardiac tissue modeling is to create physiological functional models of the human myocardium, which is a difficult task due to the complex structure and function of the human heart. This review describes the advances made in area of in vitro cardiac models using biomaterials and bioinspired platforms. The field has progressed extensively in the past decade, and we envision its applications in the areas of drug screening, disease modeling, and precision medicine.
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10
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Trevisan M, Sinigaglia A, Desole G, Berto A, Pacenti M, Palù G, Barzon L. Modeling Viral Infectious Diseases and Development of Antiviral Therapies Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Systems. Viruses 2015; 7:3835-56. [PMID: 26184286 PMCID: PMC4517129 DOI: 10.3390/v7072800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent biotechnology breakthrough of cell reprogramming and generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which has revolutionized the approaches to study the mechanisms of human diseases and to test new drugs, can be exploited to generate patient-specific models for the investigation of host–pathogen interactions and to develop new antimicrobial and antiviral therapies. Applications of iPSC technology to the study of viral infections in humans have included in vitro modeling of viral infections of neural, liver, and cardiac cells; modeling of human genetic susceptibility to severe viral infectious diseases, such as encephalitis and severe influenza; genetic engineering and genome editing of patient-specific iPSC-derived cells to confer antiviral resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Trevisan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, via A. Gabelli 63, Padova 35121, Italy.
| | | | - Giovanna Desole
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, via A. Gabelli 63, Padova 35121, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Berto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, via A. Gabelli 63, Padova 35121, Italy.
| | - Monia Pacenti
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Padova University Hospital, via Giustiniani 2, Padova 35128, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Palù
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, via A. Gabelli 63, Padova 35121, Italy.
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Padova University Hospital, via Giustiniani 2, Padova 35128, Italy.
| | - Luisa Barzon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, via A. Gabelli 63, Padova 35121, Italy.
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Padova University Hospital, via Giustiniani 2, Padova 35128, Italy.
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11
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Sirabella D, Cimetta E, Vunjak-Novakovic G. "The state of the heart": Recent advances in engineering human cardiac tissue from pluripotent stem cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 240:1008-18. [PMID: 26069271 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215589910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The pressing need for effective cell therapy for the heart has led to the investigation of suitable cell sources for tissue replacement. In recent years, human pluripotent stem cell research expanded tremendously, in particular since the derivation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells. In parallel, bioengineering technologies have led to novel approaches for in vitro cell culture. The combination of these two fields holds potential for in vitro generation of high-fidelity heart tissue, both for basic research and for therapeutic applications. However, this new multidisciplinary science is still at an early stage. Many questions need to be answered and improvements need to be made before clinical applications become a reality. Here we discuss the current status of human stem cell differentiation into cardiomyocytes and the combined use of bioengineering approaches for cardiac tissue formation and maturation in developmental studies, disease modeling, drug testing, and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Sirabella
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York 10032, USA
| | - Elisa Cimetta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York 10032, USA
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Farouz Y, Chen Y, Terzic A, Menasché P. Concise Review: Growing Hearts in the Right Place: On the Design of Biomimetic Materials for Cardiac Stem Cell Differentiation. Stem Cells 2015; 33:1021-35. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.1929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Farouz
- Department of Chemistry, Paris Sciences et Lettres, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris; CNRS UMR; Paris France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris Descartes University; Paris France
- INSERM U970; Paris France
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Paris Sciences et Lettres, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris; CNRS UMR; Paris France
| | | | - Philippe Menasché
- Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris Descartes University; Paris France
- INSERM U970; Paris France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery; Paris France
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13
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Precise manipulation of cell behaviors on surfaces for construction of tissue/organs. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 124:97-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Salick MR, Napiwocki BN, Sha J, Knight GT, Chindhy SA, Kamp TJ, Ashton RS, Crone WC. Micropattern width dependent sarcomere development in human ESC-derived cardiomyocytes. Biomaterials 2014; 35:4454-64. [PMID: 24582552 PMCID: PMC4026015 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes were seeded onto controlled two-dimensional micropatterned features, and an improvement in sarcomere formation and cell alignment was observed in specific feature geometries. High-resolution photolithography techniques and microcontact printing were utilized to produce features of various rectangular geometries, with areas ranging from 2500 μm(2) to 160,000 μm(2). The microcontact printing method was used to pattern non-adherent poly(ethylene glycol) regions on gold coated glass slides. Matrigel and fibronectin extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins were layered onto the gold-coated glass slides, providing a controlled geometry for cell adhesion. We used small molecule-based differentiation and an antibiotic purification step to produce a pure population of immature cardiomyocytes from H9 human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). We then seeded this pure population of human cardiomyocytes onto the micropatterned features of various sizes and observed how the cardiomyocytes remodeled their myofilament structure in response to the feature geometries. Immunofluorescence was used to measure α-actinin expression, and phalloidin stains were used to detect actin presence in the patterned cells. Analysis of nuclear alignment was also used to determine how cell direction was influenced by the features. The seeded cells showed clear alignment with the features, dependent on the width rather than the overall aspect ratio of the features. It was determined that features with widths between 30 μm and 80 μm promoted highly aligned cardiomyocytes with a dramatic increase in sarcomere alignment relative to the long axis of the pattern. This creation of highly-aligned cell aggregates with robust sarcomere structures holds great potential in advancing cell-based pharmacological studies, and will help researchers to understand the means by which ECM geometries can affect myofilament structure and maturation in hESC-derived cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max R Salick
- Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery, 330 N Orchard St, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1500 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1509 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Brett N Napiwocki
- Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery, 330 N Orchard St, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jin Sha
- Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery, 330 N Orchard St, Madison, WI 53715, USA; School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Gavin T Knight
- Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery, 330 N Orchard St, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Shahzad A Chindhy
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 750 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Timothy J Kamp
- Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery, 330 N Orchard St, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 750 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53706, USA; WiCell Institute, 614 Walnut Street, Madison, WI 53726, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1300 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Randolph S Ashton
- Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery, 330 N Orchard St, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Wendy C Crone
- Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery, 330 N Orchard St, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1500 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1509 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Cimetta E, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Microscale technologies for regulating human stem cell differentiation. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:1255-63. [PMID: 24737735 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214530369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
During development and regeneration, tissues emerge from coordinated sequences of stem cell renewal, specialization, and assembly that are orchestrated by cascades of regulatory factors. This complex in vivo milieu, while necessary to fully recapitulate biology and to properly engineer progenitor cells, is difficult to replicate in vitro. We are just starting to fully realize the importance of the entire context of cell microenvironment-the other cells, three-dimensional matrix, molecular and physical signals. Bioengineered environments that combine tissue-specific transport and signaling are critical to study cellular responses at biologically relevant scales and in settings predictive of human condition. We therefore developed microbioreactors that couple the application of fast dynamic changes in environmental signals with versatile, high-throughput operation and imaging capability. Our base device is a microfluidic platform with an array of microwells containing cells or tissue constructs that are exposed to stable concentration gradients. Mathematical modeling of flow and mass transport can predict the shape of these gradients and the kinetic changes in local concentrations. A single platform, the size of a microscope slide, contains up to 120 biological samples. As an example of application, we describe studies of cell fate specification and mesodermal lineage commitment in human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. The embryoid bodies formed from these cells were subjected to single and multiple concentration gradients of Wnt3a, Activin A, bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4), and their inhibitors, and the gene expression profiles were correlated to the concentration gradients of morphogens to identify the exact conditions for mesodermal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Cimetta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Roth A, Singer T. The application of 3D cell models to support drug safety assessment: opportunities & challenges. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 69-70:179-89. [PMID: 24378580 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The selection of drug candidates early in development has become increasingly important to minimize the use of animals and to avoid costly failures of drugs later in development. In vitro systems to predict and assess organ toxicity have so far been of limited value due to difficulties in demonstrating in vivo-relevant toxicity at a cell culture level. To overcome the limitations of single-cell type monolayer cultures and short-lived primary cell preparations, researchers have created novel 3-dimensional culture systems which appear to more closely resemble in vivo biology. These could become a key for the pharmaceutical industry in the evaluation of drug candidates. However, the value and acceptance of those new models in standard drug safety applications have yet to be demonstrated. This review aims to provide an overview of the different approaches undertaken in the field of pre-clinical safety assessment, organ toxicity, in particular, with an emphasis on examples and technical challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Roth
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharma Research, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Singer
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharma Research, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
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Xiao Y, Zhang B, Liu H, Miklas JW, Gagliardi M, Pahnke A, Thavandiran N, Sun Y, Simmons C, Keller G, Radisic M. Microfabricated perfusable cardiac biowire: a platform that mimics native cardiac bundle. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:869-82. [PMID: 24352498 PMCID: PMC3969269 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc51123e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering enables the generation of three-dimensional (3D) functional cardiac tissue for pre-clinical testing in vitro, which is critical for new drug development. However, current tissue engineering methods poorly recapitulate the architecture of oriented cardiac bundles with supporting capillaries. In this study, we designed a microfabricated bioreactor to generate 3D micro-tissues, termed biowires, using both primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and human embryonic stem cell (hESC) derived cardiomyocytes. Perfusable cardiac biowires were generated with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tubing template, and were integrated with electrical field stimulation using carbon rod electrodes. To demonstrate the feasibility of this platform for pharmaceutical testing, nitric oxide (NO) was released from perfused sodium nitroprusside (SNP) solution and diffused through the tubing. The NO treatment slowed down the spontaneous beating of cardiac biowires based on hESC derived cardiomyocytes and degraded the myofibrillar cytoskeleton of the cardiomyocytes within the biowires. The biowires were also integrated with electrical stimulation using carbon rod electrodes to further improve phenotype of cardiomyocytes, as indicated by organized contractile apparatus, higher Young's modulus, and improved electrical properties. This microfabricated platform provides a unique opportunity to assess pharmacological effects on cardiac tissue in vitro by perfusion in a cardiac bundle model, which could provide improved physiological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 164 College St, Rm 407, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada.
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18
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Hsieh HY, Camci-Unal G, Huang TW, Liao R, Chen TJ, Paul A, Tseng FG, Khademhosseini A. Gradient static-strain stimulation in a microfluidic chip for 3D cellular alignment. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:482-93. [PMID: 24253194 PMCID: PMC4040516 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50884f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell alignment is a critical factor to govern cellular behavior and function for various tissue engineering applications ranging from cardiac to neural regeneration. In addition to physical geometry, strain is a crucial parameter to manipulate cellular alignment for functional tissue formation. In this paper, we introduce a simple approach to generate a range of gradient static strains without external mechanical control for the stimulation of cellular behavior within 3D biomimetic hydrogel microenvironments. A glass-supported microfluidic chip with a convex flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane on the top was employed for loading the cells suspended in a prepolymer solution. Following UV crosslinking through a photomask with a concentric circular pattern, the cell-laden hydrogels were formed in a height gradient from the center (maximum) to the boundary (minimum). When the convex PDMS membrane retracted back to a flat surface, it applied compressive gradient forces on the cell-laden hydrogels. The concentric circular hydrogel patterns confined the direction of hydrogel elongation, and the compressive strain on the hydrogel therefore resulted in elongation stretch in the radial direction to guide cell alignment. NIH3T3 cells were cultured in the chip for 3 days with compressive strains that varied from ~65% (center) to ~15% (boundary) on hydrogels. We found that the hydrogel geometry dominated the cell alignment near the outside boundary, where cells aligned along the circular direction, and the compressive strain dominated the cell alignment near the center, where cells aligned radially. This study developed a new and simple approach to facilitate cellular alignment based on hydrogel geometry and strain stimulation for tissue engineering applications. This platform offers unique advantages and is significantly different from the existing approaches owing to the fact that gradient generation was accomplished in a miniature device without using an external mechanical source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yi Hsieh
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems (NEMS), National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Rd. Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan R.O.C
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Gulden Camci-Unal
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tsu-Wei Huang
- Department of Engineering and System, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Ronglih Liao
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tsung-Ju Chen
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems (NEMS), National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Rd. Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Arghya Paul
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fan-Gang Tseng
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems (NEMS), National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Rd. Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan R.O.C
- Department of Engineering and System, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan R.O.C
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan R.O.C
- Corresponding Author Footnote: Dr. Ali Khademhosseini, PhD, Associate Professor, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, Tel: 617-388-9271, . Dr. Fan-Gang Tseng, PhD, Professor, Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan R.O.C., Tel: +886-3-5715131-34270, Fax: +886-3-5720724,
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Corresponding Author Footnote: Dr. Ali Khademhosseini, PhD, Associate Professor, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, Tel: 617-388-9271, . Dr. Fan-Gang Tseng, PhD, Professor, Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan R.O.C., Tel: +886-3-5715131-34270, Fax: +886-3-5720724,
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Complete restoration of multiple dystrophin isoforms in genetically corrected Duchenne muscular dystrophy patient-derived cardiomyocytes. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2014; 1:1. [PMID: 26015941 PMCID: PMC4365821 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2013.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)–associated cardiac diseases are emerging as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in DMD patients, and many therapies for treatment of skeletal muscle failed to improve cardiac function. The reprogramming of patients’ somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells, combined with technologies for correcting the genetic defect, possesses great potential for the development of new treatments for genetic diseases. In this study, we obtained human cardiomyocytes from DMD patient–derived, induced pluripotent stem cells genetically corrected with a human artificial chromosome carrying the whole dystrophin genomic sequence. Stimulation by cytokines was combined with cell culturing on hydrogel with physiological stiffness, allowing an adhesion-dependent maturation and a proper dystrophin expression. The obtained cardiomyocytes showed remarkable sarcomeric organization of cardiac troponin T and α-actinin, expressed cardiac-specific markers, and displayed electrically induced calcium transients lasting less than 1 second. We demonstrated that the human artificial chromosome carrying the whole dystrophin genomic sequence is stably maintained throughout the cardiac differentiation process and that multiple promoters of the dystrophin gene are properly activated, driving expression of different isoforms. These dystrophic cardiomyocytes can be a valuable source for in vitro modeling of DMD-associated cardiac disease. Furthermore, the derivation of genetically corrected, patient-specific cardiomyocytes represents a step toward the development of innovative cell and gene therapy approaches for DMD.
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Kamei KI. Cutting-Edge Microfabricated Biomedical Tools for Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 18:469-81. [DOI: 10.1177/2211068213495394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Giulitti S, Magrofuoco E, Prevedello L, Elvassore N. Optimal periodic perfusion strategy for robust long-term microfluidic cell culture. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:4430-41. [PMID: 24064704 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50643f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Long-term cell culture in microfluidic devices is an essential prerequisite for "on a chip" biological and physiological based studies. We investigated how medium delivery, from continuous to periodic perfusion, affects long-term cell cultures in a microfluidic platform. Computational simulations suggested that different delivery strategies result in different temporal profiles of accumulation and washing out of endogenous (EnF) and exogenous (ExF) factors, respectively. Thus, cultures exposed to the same overall amount of medium with different temporal profiles were analysed in terms of homogeneity, cell morphology and phenotype. Murine and human cell lines (C2C12 and HFF) and mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) were cultured in microfluidic channels. An ad hoc experimental setup was developed to perform continuous and periodic medium delivery into the chip, tuning the flow rate, the perfusion time, and the interval of perfusion while using the same amount of medium volume. Periodic medium delivery with a short perfusion pulse ensured cell homogeneity compared to standard cell culture. Conversely, a continuous flow resulted in cell heterogeneity, with abnormal morphology and vesiculation. Only dramatic and unfeasible increasing of perfused medium volume in the continuous configuration could rescue normal cell behaviour. Consistent results were obtained for C2C12 and HFF. In order to extend these results to highly sensitive cells, mESC were cultured for 6 days in the microfluidic channels. Our analysis demonstrates that a periodic medium delivery with fast pulses (with a frequency of 4 times per day) resulted in a homogeneous cell culture in terms of cell viability, colony morphology and maintenance of pluripotency markers. According to experimental observations, the computational model provided a rational description of the perfusion strategies and of how they deeply shape the cell microenvironment in microfluidic cell cultures. These results provide new insight to define optimal strategies for homogeneous and robust long-term cell culture in microfluidic systems, an essential prerequisite for lab on chip cell-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Giulitti
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 9, I-35131, Padova, Italy.
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Rasi Ghaemi S, Harding FJ, Delalat B, Gronthos S, Voelcker NH. Exploring the mesenchymal stem cell niche using high throughput screening. Biomaterials 2013; 34:7601-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Cimetta E, Godier-Furnémont A, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Bioengineering heart tissue for in vitro testing. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2013; 24:926-32. [PMID: 23932513 PMCID: PMC3783612 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A classical paradigm of tissue engineering is to grow tissues for implantation by using human stem cells in conjunction with biomaterial scaffolds (templates for tissue formation) and bioreactors (culture systems providing environmental control). A reverse paradigm is now emerging through microphysiological platforms for preclinical testing of drugs and modeling of disease that contain large numbers of very small human tissues. We discuss the biomimetic approach as a common underlying principle and some of the specifics related to the design and utilization of platforms with heart micro-tissues for high-throughput screening in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Cimetta
- Columbia University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 622 West 168th Street, VC12-234, New York, NY 10032, USA
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BiotecVisions 2013, January. Biotechnol J 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
Biomimicry (literally defined as the imitation of life or nature) has sparked a variety of human innovations and inspired countless cutting-edge designs. From spider silk-made artificial skin to lotus leaf-inspired self-cleaning materials, biomimicry endeavors to solve human problems. Biomimetic approaches have contributed significantly to advances biomedical research during recent years. Using polyacrylamide gels to mimic the elastic modulus of different biological tissues, Disher’s lab has directed meschymal stem cell differentiation into specific lineages.1 They have shown that soft substrates mimicking the elastic modulus of brain tissues (0.1~1 kPa) were neurogenic, substrates of intermediate elastic modulus mimicking muscle (8 ~17 kPa) were myogenic, and substrates with bone-like elastic modulus (25~40 kPa) were osteogenic. This work represents a novel way to regulate the fate of stem cells and exerts profound influence on stem cell research. Biomimcry also drives improvements in tissue engineering. Novel scaffolds have been designed to capture extracellular matrix-like structures, binding of ligands, sustained release of cytokines, and mechanical properties intrinsic to specific tissues for tissue engineering applications.2,3 For example, tissue engineering skin grafts have been designed to mimic the cell composition and layered structure of native skin.4 Similarly, in the field of regenerative medicine, researchers aim to create biomimetic scaffolds to mimic the properties of a native stem cell environment (niche) to dynamically interact with the entrapped stem cells and direct their response.5
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; The University of Akron; Akron, OH USA
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