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Liang D, Jiang Y, Zhang Y, Mao C, Ma T, Zhang C. The Comparative Genomics of Botryosphaeriaceae Suggests Gene Families of Botryosphaeria dothidea Related to Pathogenicity on Chinese Hickory Tree. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:299. [PMID: 38667970 PMCID: PMC11051394 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Trunk canker poses a major threat to the production of Chinese hickory tree (Carya cathayensis Sarg.), which is primarily determined by Botryosphaeriaceae. In our previous work, we identified Botryosphaeria dothidea as the predominant pathogen of this disease. However, it is still unclear about corresponding gene families and mechanisms associated with B. dothidea's pathogenicity on Chinese hickory tree. Here, we present a comparative analysis of high-quality genome assemblies of Botryosphaeria dothidea and other isolated pathogens, showing highly syntenic relationships between B. dothidea and its closely related species and the conservative evolution of the Botryosphaeriaceae family. Higher GC contents were found in the genomes of B. dothidea and three other isolated pathogens (Botryshaeria cortices, Botryshaeria fabicerciana, and Botryshaeria qingyuanensis) compared to Macrophomina phaseolina, Neofusicoccum parvum, Diplodia corticola, and Lasiodiplodia theobromae. An investigation of genes specific to or expanded in B. dothidea revealed that one secreted glucanase, one orsellinic acid biosynthesis enzyme, and two MFS transporters positively regulated B. dothidea's pathogenicity. We also observed an overrepresentation of viral integrase like gene and heterokaryon incompatibility proteins in the B. dothidea's genome. In addition, we observed one LRR-domain-containing protein and two Sec-domain-containing proteins (Sec_1 and Sec_7) that underwent positive selection. This study will help to understand B. dothidea's pathogenicity and potential influence on the infection of Chinese hickory, which will help in the development of disease control and ensure the security of Chinese hickory production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tianlin Ma
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (D.L.); (Y.J.); (Y.Z.); (C.M.)
| | - Chuanqing Zhang
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (D.L.); (Y.J.); (Y.Z.); (C.M.)
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Bremner SK, Berends R, Kaupisch A, Roccisana J, Sutherland C, Bryant NJ, Gould GW. Phosphorylation of the N-terminus of Syntaxin-16 controls interaction with mVps45 and GLUT4 trafficking in adipocytes. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15630. [PMID: 37520260 PMCID: PMC10373645 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of insulin to stimulate glucose transport in muscle and fat cells is mediated by the regulated delivery of intracellular vesicles containing glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) to the plasma membrane, a process known to be defective in disease such as Type 2 diabetes. In the absence of insulin, GLUT4 is sequestered in tubules and vesicles within the cytosol, collectively known as the GLUT4 storage compartment. A subset of these vesicles, known as the 'insulin responsive vesicles' are selectively delivered to the cell surface in response to insulin. We have previously identified Syntaxin16 (Sx16) and its cognate Sec1/Munc18 protein family member mVps45 as key regulatory proteins involved in the delivery of GLUT4 into insulin responsive vesicles. Here we show that mutation of a key residue within the Sx16 N-terminus involved in mVps45 binding, and the mutation of the Sx16 binding site in mVps45 both perturb GLUT4 sorting, consistent with an important role of the interaction of these two proteins in GLUT4 trafficking. We identify Threonine-7 (T7) as a site of phosphorylation of Sx16 in vitro. Mutation of T7 to D impairs Sx16 binding to mVps45 in vitro and overexpression of T7D significantly impaired insulin-stimulated glucose transport in adipocytes. We show that both AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its relative SIK2 phosphorylate this site. Our data suggest that Sx16 T7 is a potentially important regulatory site for GLUT4 trafficking in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Berends
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Kaupisch
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Roccisana
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Calum Sutherland
- Department of Cellular Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Nia J. Bryant
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Gwyn W. Gould
- SIPBS, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Adnan M, Islam W, Waheed A, Hussain Q, Shen L, Wang J, Liu G. SNARE Protein Snc1 Is Essential for Vesicle Trafficking, Membrane Fusion and Protein Secretion in Fungi. Cells 2023; 12:1547. [PMID: 37296667 PMCID: PMC10252874 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi are an important group of microorganisms that play crucial roles in a variety of ecological and biotechnological processes. Fungi depend on intracellular protein trafficking, which involves moving proteins from their site of synthesis to the final destination within or outside the cell. The soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNARE) proteins are vital components of vesicle trafficking and membrane fusion, ultimately leading to the release of cargos to the target destination. The v-SNARE (vesicle-associated SNARE) Snc1 is responsible for anterograde and retrograde vesicle trafficking between the plasma membrane (PM) and Golgi. It allows for the fusion of exocytic vesicles to the PM and the subsequent recycling of Golgi-localized proteins back to the Golgi via three distinct and parallel recycling pathways. This recycling process requires several components, including a phospholipid flippase (Drs2-Cdc50), an F-box protein (Rcy1), a sorting nexin (Snx4-Atg20), a retromer submit, and the COPI coat complex. Snc1 interacts with exocytic SNAREs (Sso1/2, Sec9) and the exocytic complex to complete the process of exocytosis. It also interacts with endocytic SNAREs (Tlg1 and Tlg2) during endocytic trafficking. Snc1 has been extensively investigated in fungi and has been found to play crucial roles in various aspects of intracellular protein trafficking. When Snc1 is overexpressed alone or in combination with some key secretory components, it results in enhanced protein production. This article will cover the role of Snc1 in the anterograde and retrograde trafficking of fungi and its interactions with other proteins for efficient cellular transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adnan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (M.A.); (A.W.); (J.W.)
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Waqar Islam
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China;
| | - Abdul Waheed
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (M.A.); (A.W.); (J.W.)
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Quaid Hussain
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
| | - Ling Shen
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China;
| | - Juan Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (M.A.); (A.W.); (J.W.)
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (M.A.); (A.W.); (J.W.)
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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Mugume Y, Roy R, Agbemafle W, Shepard GN, Vue Y, Bassham DC. VPS45 is required for both diffuse and tip growth of Arabidopsis thaliana cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1120307. [PMID: 36923123 PMCID: PMC10009167 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1120307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION VPS45 belongs to the Sec1/Munc18 family of proteins, which interact with and regulate Qa-SNARE function during membrane fusion. We have shown previously that Arabidopsis thaliana VPS45 interacts with the SYP61/SYP41/VTI12 SNARE complex, which locates on the trans-Golgi network (TGN). It is required for SYP41 stability, and it functions in cargo trafficking to the vacuole and in cell expansion. It is also required for correct auxin distribution during gravitropism and lateral root growth. RESULTS As vps45 knockout mutation is lethal in Arabidopsis, we identified a mutant, vps45-3, with a point mutation in the VPS45 gene causing a serine 284-to-phenylalanine substitution. The VPS45-3 protein is stable and maintains interaction with SYP61 and SYP41. However, vps45-3 plants display severe growth defects with significantly reduced organ and cell size, similar to vps45 RNAi transgenic lines that have reduced VPS45 protein levels. Root hair and pollen tube elongation, both processes of tip growth, are highly compromised in vps45-3. Mutant root hairs are shorter and thicker than those of wild-type plants, and are wavy. These root hairs have vacuolar defects, containing many small vacuoles, compared with WT root hairs with a single large vacuole occupying much of the cell volume. Pollen tubes were also significantly shorter in vps45-3 compared to WT. DISCUSSION We thus show that VPS45 is essential for proper tip growth and propose that the observed vacuolar defects lead to loss of the turgor pressure needed for tip growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosia Mugume
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Rahul Roy
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - William Agbemafle
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Gabriella N. Shepard
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Yee Vue
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Diane C. Bassham
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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Simon-Vecsei Z, Sőth Á, Lőrincz P, Rubics A, Tálas A, Kulcsár PI, Juhász G. Identification of New Interactions between Endolysosomal Tethering Factors. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:166965. [PMID: 33781757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.166965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Proper functioning of the precisely controlled endolysosomal system is essential for maintaining the homeostasis of the entire cell. Tethering factors play pivotal roles in mediating the fusion of different transport vesicles, such as endosomes or autophagosomes with each other or with lysosomes. In this work, we uncover several new interactions between the endolysosomal tethering factors Rabenosyn-5 (Rbsn) and the HOPS and CORVET complexes. We find that Rbsn binds to the HOPS/CORVET complexes mainly via their shared subunit Vps18 and we mapped this interaction to the 773-854 region of Vps18. Based on genetic rescue experiments, the binding between Rbsn and Vps18 is required for endosomal transport and is dispensable for autophagy. Moreover, Vps18 seems to be important for β1 integrin recycling by binding to Rbsn and its known partner Vps45.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Simon-Vecsei
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Ármin Sőth
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Lőrincz
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Premium Postdoctoral Research Program, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Rubics
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Tálas
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter István Kulcsár
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Juhász
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.
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Gao Y, Han X, Wei L, Yuan Y, Zhao C, Zhang M, Wang Z, Li X, Xu W. Study on the differential proteomics of rat hippocampal mitochondria during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:346. [PMID: 33708973 PMCID: PMC7944285 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the effect of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) on rat hippocampal mitochondrial protein expression and its differential proteomics, and explore the potential mechanisms behind the effect. METHODS We used internal jugular vein reflux and tail artery perfusion methods to establish the rat cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) model. Rats were dissected to obtain the hippocampus, and the hippocampal mitochondria were purified. The mitochondrial morphology and the mitochondrial marker cytochrome C oxidase (COX) qualitatively examined via transmission electron microscopy and western-blot analysis, respectively. The qualified samples were subjected to isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ); we then established the CPB model again to obtain the rat hippocampus for cryoultramicrotomy, and used immunofluorescent double staining technique to qualitatively and semi-quantitatively verify two representative differentially expressed proteins. RESULTS By searching the Mascot 2.2 database, 29 differentially expressed proteins were obtained with statistical significance, including 21 known proteins and 8 unknowns. The expression level of COX and monoacylglycerol lipase did not change significantly (P>0.05) during the hyperacute phase; however, their intracellular localizations were altered. CONCLUSIONS DHCA induced the differential expression of 29 rat hippocampal mitochondrial proteins, some of which had altered intracellular localization. We speculated that the localized alteration of these proteins is one of the neuroprotection mechanisms that occurs during DHCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiuli Han
- Department of Stomatology, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Liang Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chengbin Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xuhui Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Klink VP, Sharma K, Pant SR, McNeece B, Niraula P, Lawrence GW. Components of the SNARE-containing regulon are co-regulated in root cells undergoing defense. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2017; 12:e1274481. [PMID: 28010187 PMCID: PMC5351740 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1274481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The term regulon has been coined in the genetic model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, denoting a structural and physiological defense apparatus defined genetically through the identification of the penetration (pen) mutants. The regulon is composed partially by the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptor (SNARE) syntaxin PEN1. PEN1 has homology to a Saccharomyces cerevisae gene that regulates a Secretion (Sec) protein, Suppressor of Sec 1 (Sso1p). The regulon is also composed of the β-glucosidase (PEN2) and an ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter (PEN3). While important in inhibiting pathogen infection, limited observations have been made regarding the transcriptional regulation of regulon genes until now. Experiments made using the model agricultural Glycine max (soybean) have identified co-regulated gene expression of regulon components. The results explain the observation of hundreds of genes expressed specifically in the root cells undergoing the natural process of defense. Data regarding additional G. max genes functioning within the context of the regulon are presented here, including Sec 14, Sec 4 and Sec 23. Other examined G. max homologs of membrane fusion genes include an endosomal bromo domain-containing protein1 (Bro1), syntaxin6 (SYP6), SYP131, SYP71, SYP8, Bet1, coatomer epsilon (ϵ-COP), a coatomer zeta (ζ-COP) paralog and an ER to Golgi component (ERGIC) protein. Furthermore, the effectiveness of biochemical pathways that would function within the context of the regulon ave been examined, including xyloglucan xylosyltransferase (XXT), reticuline oxidase (RO) and galactinol synthase (GS). The experiments have unveiled the importance of the regulon during defense in the root and show how the deposition of callose relates to the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent P. Klink
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Keshav Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Shankar R. Pant
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Brant McNeece
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Prakash Niraula
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Gary W. Lawrence
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
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Hierro A, Gershlick DC, Rojas AL, Bonifacino JS. Formation of Tubulovesicular Carriers from Endosomes and Their Fusion to the trans-Golgi Network. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 318:159-202. [PMID: 26315886 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Endosomes undergo extensive spatiotemporal rearrangements as proteins and lipids flux through them in a series of fusion and fission events. These controlled changes enable the concentration of cargo for eventual degradation while ensuring the proper recycling of other components. A growing body of studies has now defined multiple recycling pathways from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) which differ in their molecular machineries. The recycling process requires specific sets of lipids, coats, adaptors, and accessory proteins that coordinate cargo selection with membrane deformation and its association with the cytoskeleton. Specific tethering factors and SNARE (SNAP (Soluble NSF Attachment Protein) Receptor) complexes are then required for the docking and fusion with the acceptor membrane. Herein, we summarize some of the current knowledge of the machineries that govern the retrograde transport from endosomes to the TGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Hierro
- Structural Biology Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Derio, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - David C Gershlick
- Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Juan S Bonifacino
- Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Li Z, Blissard G. The vacuolar protein sorting genes in insects: A comparative genome view. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 62:211-225. [PMID: 25486452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, regulated vesicular trafficking is critical for directing protein transport and for recycling and degradation of membrane lipids and proteins. Through carefully regulated transport vesicles, the endomembrane system performs a large and important array of dynamic cellular functions while maintaining the integrity of the cellular membrane system. Genetic studies in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have identified approximately 50 vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) genes involved in vesicle trafficking, and most of these genes are also characterized in mammals. The VPS proteins form distinct functional complexes, which include complexes known as ESCRT, retromer, CORVET, HOPS, GARP, and PI3K-III. Little is known about the orthologs of VPS proteins in insects. Here, with the newly annotated Manduca sexta genome, we carried out genomic comparative analysis of VPS proteins in yeast, humans, and 13 sequenced insect genomes representing the Orders Hymenoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Phthiraptera, Lepidoptera, and Coleoptera. Amino acid sequence alignments and domain/motif structure analyses reveal that most of the components of ESCRT, retromer, CORVET, HOPS, GARP, and PI3K-III are evolutionarily conserved across yeast, insects, and humans. However, in contrast to the VPS gene expansions observed in the human genome, only four VPS genes (VPS13, VPS16, VPS33, and VPS37) were expanded in the six insect Orders. Additionally, VPS2 was expanded only in species from Phthiraptera, Lepidoptera, and Coleoptera. These studies provide a baseline for understanding the evolution of vesicular trafficking across yeast, insect, and human genomes, and also provide a basis for further addressing specific functional roles of VPS proteins in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Gary Blissard
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Sánchez-León E, Bowman B, Seidel C, Fischer R, Novick P, Riquelme M. The Rab GTPase YPT-1 associates with Golgi cisternae and Spitzenkörper microvesicles inNeurospora crassa. Mol Microbiol 2014; 95:472-90. [DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eddy Sánchez-León
- Department of Microbiology; Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education of Ensenada (CICESE); Ensenada Baja California Mexico
| | - Barry Bowman
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology; University of California; Santa Cruz CA USA
| | - Constanze Seidel
- Department of Applied Microbiology; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Reinhard Fischer
- Department of Applied Microbiology; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Peter Novick
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; University of California; San Diego CA USA
| | - Meritxell Riquelme
- Department of Microbiology; Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education of Ensenada (CICESE); Ensenada Baja California Mexico
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Vilboux T, Lev A, Malicdan MCV, Simon AJ, Järvinen P, Racek T, Puchalka J, Sood R, Carrington B, Bishop K, Mullikin J, Huizing M, Garty BZ, Eyal E, Wolach B, Gavrieli R, Toren A, Soudack M, Atawneh OM, Babushkin T, Schiby G, Cullinane A, Avivi C, Polak-Charcon S, Barshack I, Amariglio N, Rechavi G, van der Werff ten Bosch J, Anikster Y, Klein C, Gahl WA, Somech R. A congenital neutrophil defect syndrome associated with mutations in VPS45. N Engl J Med 2013; 369:54-65. [PMID: 23738510 PMCID: PMC3787600 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1301296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophils are the predominant phagocytes that provide protection against bacterial and fungal infections. Genetically determined neutrophil disorders confer a predisposition to severe infections and reveal novel mechanisms that control vesicular trafficking, hematopoiesis, and innate immunity. METHODS We clinically evaluated seven children from five families who had neutropenia, neutrophil dysfunction, bone marrow fibrosis, and nephromegaly. To identify the causative gene, we performed homozygosity mapping using single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays, whole-exome sequencing, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, a real-time quantitative polymerase-chain-reaction assay, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, fibroblast motility assays, measurements of apoptosis, and zebrafish models. Correction experiments were performed by transfecting mutant fibroblasts with the nonmutated gene. RESULTS All seven affected children had homozygous mutations (Thr224Asn or Glu238Lys, depending on the child's ethnic origin) in VPS45, which encodes a protein that regulates membrane trafficking through the endosomal system. The level of VPS45 protein was reduced, as were the VPS45 binding partners rabenosyn-5 and syntaxin-16. The level of β1 integrin was reduced on the surface of VPS45-deficient neutrophils and fibroblasts. VPS45-deficient fibroblasts were characterized by impaired motility and increased apoptosis. A zebrafish model of vps45 deficiency showed a marked paucity of myeloperoxidase-positive cells (i.e., neutrophils). Transfection of patient cells with nonmutated VPS45 corrected the migration defect and decreased apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Defective endosomal intracellular protein trafficking due to biallelic mutations in VPS45 underlies a new immunodeficiency syndrome involving impaired neutrophil function. (Funded by the National Human Genome Research Institute and others.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Vilboux
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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