1
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Ma N, Wibowo YC, Wirtz P, Baltus D, Wieland T, Jansen S. Tankyrase inhibition interferes with junction remodeling, induces leakiness, and disturbs YAP1/TAZ signaling in the endothelium. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:1763-1789. [PMID: 37741944 PMCID: PMC10858845 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02720-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Tankyrase inhibitors are increasingly considered for therapeutic use in malignancies that are characterized by high intrinsic β-catenin activity. However, how tankyrase inhibition affects the endothelium after systemic application remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate how the tankyrase inhibitor XAV939 affects endothelial cell function and the underlying mechanism involved. Endothelial cell function was analyzed using sprouting angiogenesis, endothelial cell migration, junctional dynamics, and permeability using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and explanted mouse retina. Underlying signaling was studied using western blot, immunofluorescence, and qPCR in HUVEC in addition to luciferase reporter gene assays in human embryonic kidney cells. XAV939 treatment leads to altered junctional dynamics and permeability as well as impaired endothelial migration. Mechanistically, XAV939 increased stability of the angiomotin-like proteins 1 and 2, which impedes the nuclear translocation of YAP1/TAZ and consequently suppresses TEAD-mediated transcription. Intriguingly, XAV939 disrupts adherens junctions by inducing RhoA-Rho dependent kinase (ROCK)-mediated F-actin bundling, whereas disruption of F-actin bundling through the ROCK inhibitor H1152 restores endothelial cell function. Unexpectedly, this was accompanied by an increase in nuclear TAZ and TEAD-mediated transcription, suggesting differential regulation of YAP1 and TAZ by the actin cytoskeleton in endothelial cells. In conclusion, our findings elucidate the complex relationship between the actin cytoskeleton, YAP1/TAZ signaling, and endothelial cell function and how tankyrase inhibition disturbs this well-balanced signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ma
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yohanes Cakrapradipta Wibowo
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Phillip Wirtz
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Doris Baltus
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Wieland
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
- DZHK, German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Sepp Jansen
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Liu W, Xiao Z, Dong M, Li X, Huang Z. Decreased expression of TXNIP is associated with poor prognosis and immune infiltration in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:97. [PMID: 38288038 PMCID: PMC10823309 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The most prevalent and insidious type of kidney cancer is kidney clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) encodes a thioredoxin-binding protein involved in cellular energy metabolism, redox homeostasis, apoptosis induction and inflammatory responses. However, the relationship between TXNIP, immune infiltration and its prognostic value in KIRC remains unclear. Thus, the present study evaluated the potential for TXNIP as a prognostic marker in patients with KIRC. Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas were used to assess relative mRNA expression levels of TXNIP in different types of cancer. The protein expression levels of TXNIP were evaluated using the Human Protein Atlas. Enrichment analysis of genes co-expressed with TXNIP was performed to assess relevant biological processes that TXNIP may be involved in. CIBERSORT was used to predict the infiltration of 21 tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between TXNIP expression and prognosis. Single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets were used to evaluate the mRNA expression levels of TXNIP in certain immune cells in KIRC. The CellMiner database was used to analyze the relationship between TXNIP mRNA expression and drug sensitivity in KIRC. The results from the present study demonstrated that TXNIP expression was significantly decreased in KIRC tissue compared with that in normal tissue, as confirmed by western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. In addition, downregulated TXNIP expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis, a high histological grade and an advanced stage. The Cell Counting Kit-8 assay demonstrated that TXNIP overexpression significantly suppressed tumor cell proliferation. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses indicated that TXNIP served as a separate prognostic factor in KIRC. Moreover, TXNIP expression was significantly correlated with the accumulation of several TIICs and its overexpression significantly downregulated the mRNA expression levels of CD25 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, immune cell surface markers in CD4+ T lymphocytes. In conclusion, TXNIP may be used as a possible biomarker to assess unfavorable prognostic outcomes and identify immunotherapy targets in KIRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlu Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Xiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
| | - Mingyou Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Guangxi, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Scientific Experiment Center, Affiliated Southwest Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
| | - Zhongshi Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
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Yakkala PA, Naaz F, Shafi S, Kamal A. PI3K and tankyrase inhibitors as therapeutic targets in colorectal cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2024; 28:159-177. [PMID: 38497299 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2024.2331015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The pathways like Wingless-related integration (Wnt/β-catenin) and PI3K play an important role in colorectal cancer (CRC) development; however, their roles are distinct in the process of oncogenesis. Despite their differences, these pathways interact through feedback mechanisms and regulate the common effectors both in the upstream and the downstream processes in normal and pathological conditions. Their ability to reciprocally control each other is a primary resistance mechanism for the selective inhibitors in CRC. AREA COVERED This review highlights the Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K pathways that are interrelated in CRC, recent advances and some key perspectives in developing inhibitors that could target the tankyrase enzyme and PI3K, apart from a brief description of the potential of dual inhibitors of PI3K and Tankyrases (TNKS). EXPERT OPINION Recent research has focused on overcoming the challenges particularly relating to the resistance and efficacy of dual inhibitors targeting PI3K and tankyrase proteins. Despite these challenges, PI3K as well as tankyrases remain promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of solid tumors. The design of potent inhibitors is crucial to effectively block these protein signaling pathways. Moreover, it is essential to explore the potential of dual-target inhibition of other signaling pathways in conjunction with PI3K and tankyrase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Anjaneyulu Yakkala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Fatima Naaz
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Syed Shafi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Medchal, India
- Environment, Forests, Science & Technology Department, Telangana State Council of Science & Technlogy, Hyderabad, India
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Park WJ, Kim MJ. A New Wave of Targeting 'Undruggable' Wnt Signaling for Cancer Therapy: Challenges and Opportunities. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081110. [PMID: 37190019 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant Wnt signaling activation is frequently observed in many cancers. The mutation acquisition of Wnt signaling leads to tumorigenesis, whereas the inhibition of Wnt signaling robustly suppresses tumor development in various in vivo models. Based on the excellent preclinical effect of targeting Wnt signaling, over the past 40 years, numerous Wnt-targeted therapies have been investigated for cancer treatment. However, Wnt signaling-targeting drugs are still not clinically available. A major obstacle to Wnt targeting is the concomitant side effects during treatment due to the pleiotropic role of Wnt signaling in development, tissue homeostasis, and stem cells. Additionally, the complexity of the Wnt signaling cascades across different cancer contexts hinders the development of optimized targeted therapies. Although the therapeutic targeting of Wnt signaling remains challenging, alternative strategies have been continuously developed alongside technological advances. In this review, we give an overview of current Wnt targeting strategies and discuss recent promising trials that have the potential to be clinically realized based on their mechanism of action. Furthermore, we highlight new waves of Wnt targeting that combine recently developed technologies such as PROTAC/molecular glue, antibody-drug conjugates (ADC), and anti-sense oligonucleotides (ASO), which may provide us with new opportunities to target 'undruggable' Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jung Park
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Jong Kim
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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Matsumoto Y, Rottapel R. PARsylation-mediated ubiquitylation: lessons from rare hereditary disease Cherubism. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:390-405. [PMID: 36948987 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Modification of proteins by ADP-ribose (PARsylation) is catalyzed by the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family of enzymes exemplified by PARP1, which controls chromatin organization and DNA repair. Additionally, PARsylation induces ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of its substrates because PARsylation creates a recognition site for E3-ubiquitin ligase. The steady-state levels of the adaptor protein SH3-domain binding protein 2 (3BP2) is negatively regulated by tankyrase (PARP5), which coordinates ubiquitylation of 3BP2 by the E3-ligase ring finger protein 146 (RNF146). 3BP2 missense mutations uncouple 3BP2 from tankyrase-mediated negative regulation and cause Cherubism, an autosomal dominant autoinflammatory disorder associated with craniofacial dysmorphia. In this review, we summarize the diverse biological processes, including bone dynamics, metabolism, and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling controlled by tankyrase-mediated PARsylation of 3BP2, and highlight the therapeutic potential of this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Matsumoto
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Robert Rottapel
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.
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6
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Montoya AL, Glavatskikh M, Halverson BJ, Yuen LH, Schüler H, Kireev D, Franzini RM. Combining pharmacophore models derived from DNA-encoded chemical libraries with structure-based exploration to predict Tankyrase 1 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 246:114980. [PMID: 36495630 PMCID: PMC9805525 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
DNA-encoded chemical libraries (DECLs) interrogate the interactions of a target of interest with vast numbers of molecules. DECLs hence provide abundant information about the chemical ligand space for therapeutic targets, and there is considerable interest in methods for exploiting DECL screening data to predict novel ligands. Here we introduce one such approach and demonstrate its feasibility using the cancer-related poly-(ADP-ribose)transferase tankyrase 1 (TNKS1) as a model target. First, DECL affinity selections resulted in structurally diverse TNKS1 inhibitors with high potency including compound 2 with an IC50 value of 0.8 nM. Additionally, TNKS1 hits from four DECLs were translated into pharmacophore models, which were exploited in combination with docking-based screening to identify TNKS1 ligand candidates in databases of commercially available compounds. This computational strategy afforded TNKS1 inhibitors that are outside the chemical space covered by the DECLs and yielded the drug-like lead compound 12 with an IC50 value of 22 nM. The study further provided insights in the reliability of screening data and the effect of library design on hit compounds. In particular, the study revealed that while in general DECL screening data are in good agreement with off-DNA ligand binding, unpredictable interactions of the DNA-attachment linker with the target protein contribute to the noise in the affinity selection data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba L Montoya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Skaggs College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - Marta Glavatskikh
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, 301 Pharmacy Lane, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Brayden J Halverson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Skaggs College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - Lik Hang Yuen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Skaggs College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Herwig Schüler
- Center for Molecular Protein Science, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Dmitri Kireev
- Department of Chemistry, 36 Schlundt Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Raphael M Franzini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Skaggs College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA; Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope Dr., Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
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7
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Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of 1,2,4-Triazolo-Linked Bis-Indolyl Conjugates as Dual Inhibitors of Tankyrase and PI3K. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217642. [PMID: 36364474 PMCID: PMC9657870 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of new 1,2,4-triazolo-linked bis-indolyl conjugates (15a–r) were prepared by multistep synthesis and evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against various human cancer cell lines. It was observed that they were more susceptible to colon and breast cancer cells. Conjugates 15o (IC50 = 2.04 μM) and 15r (IC50 = 0.85 μM) illustrated promising cytotoxicity compared to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU, IC50 = 5.31 μM) against the HT-29 cell line. Interestingly, 15o and 15r induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential. Moreover, these conjugates led to apoptosis in HT-29 at 2 μM and 1 μM, respectively, and also enhanced the total ROS production as well as the mitochondrial-generated ROS. Immunofluorescence and Western blot assays revealed that these conjugates reduced the expression levels of the PI3K-P85, β-catenin, TAB-182, β-actin, AXIN-2, and NF-κB markers that are involved in the β-catenin pathway of colorectal cancer. The results of the in silico docking studies of 15r and 15o further support their dual inhibitory behaviour against PI3K and tankyrase. Interestingly, the conjugates have adequate ADME-toxicity parameters based on the calculated results of the molecular dynamic simulations, as we found that these inhibitors (15r) influenced the conformational flexibility of the 4OA7 and 3L54 proteins.
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AGBEKTAS T, ZONTUL C, OZTURK A, HUSEYNZADA A, GANBAROVA R, HASANOVA U, CINAR G, TAS A, KAYA S, CHTITA S, SİLİG Y. EFFECT of AZOMETHINE GROUP CONTAINING COMPOUNDS on GENE PROFILES in Wnt and MAPK SIGNAL PATTERNS in LUNG CANCER CELL LINE: In Silico and In Vitro ANALYSES. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Luo F, Li J, Liu J, Liu K. Stabilizing and upregulating Axin with tankyrase inhibitor reverses 5-fluorouracil chemoresistance and proliferation by targeting the WNT/caveolin-1 axis in colorectal cancer cells. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1707-1719. [PMID: 35750753 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00493-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a main obstacle for colorectal cancer treatment. In this study, we evaluated the effects and mechanisms of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway on the chemoresistance of SW480 and SW620 colorectal cancer cells. The activity of β-catenin was activated/inhibited by the small molecule compound GSK-3 inhibitor 6-bromo-indirubin-3'-oxime and the tankyrase inhibitor XAV939. The downstream target genes of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway were screened using a cDNA microarray and bioinformatics analysis. Apoptosis induced by 5-Fu, cell cycle distribution and expression levels of WNT/β-catenin/TCF12/caveolin-1 and multidrug resistance proteins were examed by flow cytometry and western blot after β-catenin activation/inhibition and caveolin-1 overexpression/interference. The effect and mechanism of XAV939 on proliferation and apoptosis induced by 5-Fu in xenograft tumors of nude mice were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and TUNEL staining. 6-Bromo-indirubin-3'-oxime treatment increased β-catenin expression by regulating GSK-3β phosphorylation, accompanied by upregulation of TCF12, caveolin-1, P-gp, and MRP2 and downregulation of apoptosis induced by 5-Fu. Conversely, XAV939 treatment decreased β-catenin expression by upregulating Axin, accompanied by downregulation of TCF12, Caveolin-1, P-gp, and MRP2 and upregulation of apoptosis induced by 5-Fu. The caveolin-1 gene was identified as an important downstream gene of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. Caveolin-1 overexpression upregulated β-catenin expression, increased P-gp and MRP2 expression and decreased apoptosis induced by 5-Fu; conversely, caveolin-1 interference caused the opposite effects. In addition, in vivo experiments showed that XAV939 treatment reduced β-catenin expression, increased apoptosis induced by 5-Fu and repressed xenograft tumor growth. Our findings suggested that inhibition of WNT/β-catenin/TCF12/caveolin-1 provides a new promising therapeutic strategy for colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Luo
- Department of Pathology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, 511518, PR China
| | - Jinbang Li
- Department of Pathology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, 511518, PR China
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Pathology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, 511518, PR China
| | - Kunping Liu
- Department of Pathology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, 511518, PR China.
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Yu M, Yang Y, Sykes M, Wang S. Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Tankyrases as Prospective Therapeutics for Cancer. J Med Chem 2022; 65:5244-5273. [PMID: 35306814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tankyrases are multifunctional poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerases that regulate diverse biological processes including telomere maintenance and cellular signaling. These processes are often implicated in a number of human diseases, with cancer being the most prevalent example. Accordingly, tankyrase inhibitors have gained increasing attention as potential therapeutics. Since the discovery of XAV939 and IWR-1 as the first tankyrase inhibitors over two decades ago, tankyrase-targeted drug discovery has made significant progress. This review starts with an introduction of tankyrases, with emphasis placed on their cancer-related functions. Small-molecule inhibitors of tankyrases are subsequently delineated based on their distinct modes of binding to the enzymes. In addition to inhibitors that compete with oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) for binding to the catalytic domain of tankyrases, non-NAD+-competitive inhibitors are detailed. This is followed by a description of three clinically trialled tankyrase inhibitors. To conclude, some of challenges and prospects in developing tankyrase-targeted cancer therapies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfeng Yu
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Yuchao Yang
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Matthew Sykes
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Shudong Wang
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
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11
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Karaosmanoğlu O. Axin1 translocates into the nucleus in hepatocyte growth factor induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Glumoff T, Sowa ST, Lehtiö L. Assay technologies facilitating drug discovery for ADP-ribosyl writers, readers and erasers. Bioessays 2021; 44:e2100240. [PMID: 34816463 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation is a post-translational modification catalyzed by writer enzymes - ADP-ribosyltransferases. The modification is part of many signaling events, can modulate the function and stability of target proteins, and often results in the recruitment of reader proteins that bind to the ADP-ribosyl groups. Erasers are integral actors in these signaling events and reverse the modification. ADP-ribosylation can be targeted with therapeutics and many inhibitors against writers exist, with some being in clinical use. Inhibitors against readers and erasers are sparser and development of these has gained momentum only in recent years. Drug discovery has been hampered by the lack of specific tools, however many significant advances in the methods have recently been reported. We discuss assays used in the field with a focus on methods allowing efficient identification of small molecule inhibitors and profiling against enzyme families. While human proteins are focused, the methods can be also applied to bacterial toxins and virus encoded erasers that can be targeted to treat infectious diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomo Glumoff
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sven T Sowa
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lari Lehtiö
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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13
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Khatun B, Kamath V, Sathyanarayana MB, Pai A, Gupta R, Malviya R. Emerging Role of Wnt/Beta-Catenin Signalling Pathways in Cancer Progression and Role of Small Molecule Tankyrase Inhibitors in Combating Multistage Cancers. CURRENT CANCER THERAPY REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573394717666210628122306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present review, an attempt has been made to summarize the development of various
Tankyrase inhibitors focussing on Wnt/beta-Catenin pathways along with other cancer targets.
The last decade witnessed a plethora of research related to the role of various genetic and epigenetic
events that are responsible for the progression of multistage cancers. As a result, the discovery of
various signalling pathways responsible for the development of different types of cancers has resulted
in the development of molecularly targeted anticancer agents. Out of the many signalling pathways,
the Wnt/beta-Catenin pathways have attracted the attention of many research groups owing
to their involvement in cell proliferation, role in apoptosis induction, cellular differentiation and also
cell migration. The abnormal activation of this pathways has been documented in a variety of tumour
cells. Another crucial factor that makes this pathway attractive to the researches is its direct
involvement with poly ADP ribose polymerases. Tankyrases are poly ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate)
ribose polymerases that have the capacity to inhibit Wnt/beta-Catenin pathways and become
an attractive target for anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babli Khatun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka,India
| | - Venkatesh Kamath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka,India
| | - Muddukrishna Badamane Sathyanarayana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka,India
| | - Aravinda Pai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka,India
| | - Ramji Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh,India
| | - Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh,India
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Hiremath IS, Goel A, Warrier S, Kumar AP, Sethi G, Garg M. The multidimensional role of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in human malignancies. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:199-238. [PMID: 34431086 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several signaling pathways have been identified as important for developmental processes. One of such important cascades is the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which can regulate various physiological processes such as embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, and tissue regeneration; while its dysregulation is implicated in several pathological conditions especially cancers. Interestingly, deregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway has been reported to be closely associated with initiation, progression, metastasis, maintenance of cancer stem cells, and drug resistance in human malignancies. Moreover, several genetic and experimental models support the inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway to answer the key issues related to cancer development. The present review focuses on different regulators of Wnt pathway and how distinct mutations, deletion, and amplification in these regulators could possibly play an essential role in the development of several cancers such as colorectal, melanoma, breast, lung, and leukemia. Additionally, we also provide insights on diverse classes of inhibitors of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which are currently in preclinical and clinical trial against different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita S Hiremath
- Department of Bioengineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Arul Goel
- La Canada High School, La Canada Flintridge, California, USA
| | - Sudha Warrier
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, Karnataka, India.,Cuor Stem Cellutions Pvt Ltd, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Manesar, Haryana, India
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15
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Yuan W, Dong F, Zhen F, Liu J, Yang L, Qu X, Yao R. Reelin promotes oligodendrocyte precursors migration via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Neurol Res 2021; 43:543-552. [PMID: 33616025 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2021.1888604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The extracellular matrix glycoprotein Reelin plays an important role in the development of the central nervous system and is involved in neurogenesis, neuronal polarization and migration. Although it has been reported that Reelin and its receptor are expressed in oligodendrocyte precursors (OPCs), the main functions and possible mechanism of Reelin in OPCs remain unclear.Methods: In this study, immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expressions of A2B5, PDGFRα, Reelin, VLDLR and Dab1 in OPCs. The expression of p-Dab1 in OPCs which was treated with Reelin at different concentrations was assayed by western blot. Effects of Reelin on the proliferation of OPCs was measured by EdU and CCK-8. Annexin V-FITC/PI assayed the effect of Reelin on the apoptosis of OPCs. Effects of Reelin on the migration ability of OPCs were detected by the scratch test and transwell experiments. Immunoblotting was used to measure the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling with Reelin, while transwell experiments were performed to verify the migration of OPCs under the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.Results: Results showed that the receptor of Reelin, very-low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR), and its adaptor protein, Dab1, are highly expressed in A2B5/PDGFRα double-positive OPCs. Recombinant Reelin protein promoted OPCs migration in vitro but had no obvious effects on proliferation or apoptosis. Reelin also promoted the phosphorylation of Dab1 and increased the expression of β-catenin in OPCs. WIKI4, an inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, suppressed the migration of OPCs induced by Reelin.Conclusion: The present study indicated that Reelin promotes OPCs migration via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Liu
- Laboratory of National Experimental Teaching and Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PRC
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Pediatrics, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PRC
| | - Wen Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PRC
| | - Fuxing Dong
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PRC
| | - Fei Zhen
- Department of Pathology, Hongze District People's Hospital, Huai 'an, Jiangsu, PRC
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PRC
| | - Lihua Yang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PRC
| | - Xuebin Qu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PRC
| | - Ruiqin Yao
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PRC
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16
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El Sabeh M, Saha SK, Afrin S, Islam MS, Borahay MA. Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in uterine leiomyoma: role in tumor biology and targeting opportunities. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3513-3536. [PMID: 33999334 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04174-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Uterine leiomyoma is the most common tumor of the female reproductive system and originates from a single transformed myometrial smooth muscle cell. Despite the immense medical, psychosocial, and financial impact, the exact underlying mechanisms of leiomyoma pathobiology are poorly understood. Alterations of signaling pathways are thought to be instrumental in leiomyoma biology. Wnt/β-catenin pathway appears to be involved in several aspects of the genesis of leiomyomas. For example, Wnt5b is overexpressed in leiomyoma, and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway appears to mediate the role of MED12 mutations, the most common mutations in leiomyoma, in tumorigenesis. Moreover, Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a paracrine role where estrogen/progesterone treatment of mature myometrial or leiomyoma cells leads to increased expression of Wnt11 and Wnt16, which induces proliferation of leiomyoma stem cells and tumor growth. Constitutive activation of β-catenin leads to myometrial hyperplasia and leiomyoma-like lesions in animal models. Wnt/β-catenin signaling is also closely involved in mechanotransduction and extracellular matrix regulation and relevant alterations in leiomyoma, and crosstalk is noted between Wnt/β-catenin signaling and other pathways known to regulate leiomyoma development and growth such as estrogen, progesterone, TGFβ, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, IGF, Hippo, and Notch signaling. Finally, evidence suggests that inhibition of the canonical Wnt pathway using β-catenin inhibitors inhibits leiomyoma cell proliferation. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of leiomyoma development is essential for effective treatment. The specific Wnt/β-catenin pathway molecules discussed in this review constitute compelling candidates for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malak El Sabeh
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Subbroto Kumar Saha
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Sadia Afrin
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Md Soriful Islam
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Mostafa A Borahay
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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17
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Liu Z, Wang P, Wold EA, Song Q, Zhao C, Wang C, Zhou J. Small-Molecule Inhibitors Targeting the Canonical WNT Signaling Pathway for the Treatment of Cancer. J Med Chem 2021; 64:4257-4288. [PMID: 33822624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Canonical WNT signaling is an important developmental pathway that has attracted increased attention for anticancer drug discovery. From the production and secretion of WNT ligands, their binding to membrane receptors, and the β-catenin destruction complex to the expansive β-catenin transcriptional complex, multiple components have been investigated as drug targets to modulate WNT signaling. Significant progress in developing WNT inhibitors such as porcupine inhibitors, tankyrase inhibitors, β-catenin/coactivators, protein-protein interaction inhibitors, casein kinase modulators, DVL inhibitors, and dCTPP1 inhibitors has been made, with several candidates (e.g., LGK-974, PRI-724, and ETC-159) in human clinical trials. Herein we summarize recent progress in the drug discovery and development of small-molecule inhibitors targeting the canonical WNT pathway, focusing on their specific target proteins, in vitro and in vivo activities, physicochemical properties, and therapeutic potential. The relevant opportunities and challenges toward maintaining the balance between efficacy and toxicity in effectively targeting this pathway are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Liu
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, College of Food Science and Technology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Pingyuan Wang
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Eric A Wold
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Qiaoling Song
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, College of Food Science and Technology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, College of Food Science and Technology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Changyun Wang
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, College of Food Science and Technology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
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18
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Mehta CC, Bhatt HG. Tankyrase inhibitors as antitumor agents: a patent update (2013 - 2020). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2021; 31:645-661. [PMID: 33567917 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1888929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tankyrase inhibitors gained significant attention as therapeutic targets in oncology because of their potency. Their primary role in inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathway makes them an important class of compounds with the potential to be used as a combination therapy in future treatments of colorectal cancer. AREAS COVERED This review describes pertinent work in the development of tankyrase inhibitors with a great emphasis on the recently patented TNKS inhibitors published from 2013 to 2020. This article also highlights a couple of promising candidates having tankyrase inhibitory effects and are currently undergoing clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION Following the successful clinical applications of PARP inhibitors, tankyrase inhibition has gained significant attention in the research community as a target with high therapeutic potential. The ubiquitous role of tankyrase in cellular homeostasis and Wnt-dependent tumor proliferation brought difficulties for researchers to strike the right balance between potency and on-target toxicity. The need for novel tankyrase inhibitors with a better ADMET profile can introduce an additional regimen in treating various malignancies in monotherapy or adjuvant therapy. The development of combination therapies, including tankyrase inhibitors with or without PARP inhibitory properties, can potentially benefit the larger population of patients with unmet medical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag C Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad India
| | - Hardik G Bhatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad India
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19
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Diamante A, Chaturbedy PK, Rowling PJE, Kumita JR, Eapen RS, McLaughlin SH, de la Roche M, Perez-Riba A, Itzhaki LS. Engineering mono- and multi-valent inhibitors on a modular scaffold. Chem Sci 2021; 12:880-895. [PMID: 33623657 PMCID: PMC7885266 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03175e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we exploit the simple, ultra-stable, modular architecture of consensus-designed tetratricopeptide repeat proteins (CTPRs) to create a platform capable of displaying both single as well as multiple functions and with diverse programmable geometrical arrangements by grafting non-helical short linear binding motifs (SLiMs) onto the loops between adjacent repeats. As proof of concept, we built synthetic CTPRs to bind and inhibit the human tankyrase proteins (hTNKS), which play a key role in Wnt signaling and are upregulated in cancer. A series of mono-valent and multi-valent hTNKS binders was assembled. To fully exploit the modular scaffold and to further diversify the multi-valent geometry, we engineered the binding modules with two different formats, one monomeric and the other trimeric. We show that the designed proteins are stable, correctly folded and capable of binding to and inhibiting the cellular activity of hTNKS leading to downregulation of the Wnt pathway. Multivalency in both the CTPR protein arrays and the hTNKS target results in the formation of large macromolecular assemblies, which can be visualized both in vitro and in the cell. When delivered into the cell by nanoparticle encapsulation, the multivalent CTPR proteins displayed exceptional activity. They are able to inhibit Wnt signaling where small molecule inhibitors have failed to date. Our results point to the tremendous potential of the CTPR platform to exploit a range of SLiMs and assemble synthetic binding molecules with built-in multivalent capabilities and precise, pre-programmed geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Diamante
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Cambridge , Tennis Court Road , Cambridge CB2 1PD , UK . ;
| | - Piyush K Chaturbedy
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Cambridge , Tennis Court Road , Cambridge CB2 1PD , UK . ;
| | - Pamela J E Rowling
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Cambridge , Tennis Court Road , Cambridge CB2 1PD , UK . ;
| | - Janet R Kumita
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Cambridge , Tennis Court Road , Cambridge CB2 1PD , UK . ;
| | - Rohan S Eapen
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Cambridge , Tennis Court Road , Cambridge CB2 1PD , UK . ;
| | - Stephen H McLaughlin
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology , Francis Crick Avenue , Cambridge Biomedical Campus , Cambridge , CB2 0QH , UK
| | - Marc de la Roche
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Cambridge , Tennis Court Road , Cambridge CB2 1GA , UK
| | - Albert Perez-Riba
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Cambridge , Tennis Court Road , Cambridge CB2 1PD , UK . ;
| | - Laura S Itzhaki
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Cambridge , Tennis Court Road , Cambridge CB2 1PD , UK . ;
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20
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Hosseini FS, Amanlou A, Amanlou M. Tankyrase Inhibitor for Cardiac Tissue Regeneration: an In-silico Approach. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 20:315-328. [PMID: 35194449 PMCID: PMC8842603 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2021.115367.15339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction causes heart tissue damages; therefore, using non-invasive methods to regenerate the heart tissue could be very helpful. Recent studies claimed that the inhibition of the Wnt signaling could promote cardiac remodeling and induce cardiac regeneration. Therefore, a tankyrase inhibitor to stabilize the AXIN and inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway will induce cardiac regeneration after injury. In this regard, virtual screening procedure, using molecular docking of 9127 FDA and world approved drugs, including herbal medicine, was done over the crystal structures of tankyrase 1 (TNKS1) and tankyrase 2 (TNKS2) catalytic poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) domains with PDB ID: 2RF5 and 3KR7, respectively, to find potential small molecule inhibitors to regenerate injured heart tissue. Subsequently, molecular dynamics simulations were done to assess the stability of selected ligands phenothrin and ethyl rosinate in the binding pocket of TNKS1 and TNKS2 for 100 ns, respectively. Both compounds show suitable interaction in their binding pocket. The molecular dynamics simulation results confirm their stability. The binding free energy of complexes was carried out by the MM-PBSA method. ADME properties also indicate the potential of drug-likeness of both compounds. Taking together both drugs may be promising for inducing cardiac regeneration after injury. Nevertheless, clinical approval remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Sadat Hosseini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Arash Amanlou
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Massoud Amanlou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Corresponding author: E-mail:
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21
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Xu X, Zhang M, Xu F, Jiang S. Wnt signaling in breast cancer: biological mechanisms, challenges and opportunities. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:165. [PMID: 33234169 PMCID: PMC7686704 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01276-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling is a highly conserved signaling pathway that plays a critical role in controlling embryonic and organ development, as well as cancer progression. Genome-wide sequencing and gene expression profile analyses have demonstrated that Wnt signaling is involved mainly in the processes of breast cancer proliferation and metastasis. The most recent studies have indicated that Wnt signaling is also crucial in breast cancer immune microenvironment regulation, stemness maintenance, therapeutic resistance, phenotype shaping, etc. Wnt/β-Catenin, Wnt-planar cell polarity (PCP), and Wnt-Ca2+ signaling are three well-established Wnt signaling pathways that share overlapping components and play different roles in breast cancer progression. In this review, we summarize the main findings concerning the relationship between Wnt signaling and breast cancer and provide an overview of existing mechanisms, challenges, and potential opportunities for advancing the therapy and diagnosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufang Xu
- School of Medical Imaging, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang China
| | - Miaofeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China
| | - Faying Xu
- School of Medical Imaging, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang China
| | - Shaojie Jiang
- School of Medical Imaging, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang China
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22
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23
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Kimmel GJ, Dane M, Heiser LM, Altrock PM, Andor N. Integrating Mathematical Modeling with High-Throughput Imaging Explains How Polyploid Populations Behave in Nutrient-Sparse Environments. Cancer Res 2020; 80:5109-5120. [PMID: 32938640 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer progresses in a multistep process from primary tumor growth and stroma invasion to metastasis. Nutrient-limiting environments promote chemotaxis with aggressive morphologies characteristic of invasion. It is unknown how coexisting cells differ in their response to nutrient limitations and how this impacts invasion of the metapopulation as a whole. In this study, we integrate mathematical modeling with microenvironmental perturbation data to investigate invasion in nutrient-limiting environments inhabited by one or two cancer cell subpopulations. Subpopulations were defined by their energy efficiency and chemotactic ability. Invasion distance traveled by a homogeneous population was estimated. For heterogeneous populations, results suggest that an imbalance between nutrient efficacy and chemotactic superiority accelerates invasion. Such imbalance will spatially segregate the two populations and only one type will dominate at the invasion front. Only if these two phenotypes are balanced, the two subpopulations compete for the same space, which decelerates invasion. We investigate ploidy as a candidate biomarker of this phenotypic heterogeneity and discuss its potential to inform the dose of mTOR inhibitors (mTOR-I) that can inhibit chemotaxis just enough to facilitate such competition. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies the double-edged sword of high ploidy as a prerequisite to personalize combination therapies with cytotoxic drugs and inhibitors of signal transduction pathways such as mTOR-Is. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/80/22/5109/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Kimmel
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Mark Dane
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Laura M Heiser
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Philipp M Altrock
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Noemi Andor
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida.
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24
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Badder LM, Hollins AJ, Herpers B, Yan K, Ewan KB, Thomas M, Shone JR, Badder DA, Naven M, Ashelford KE, Hargest R, Clarke AR, Esdar C, Buchstaller HP, Treherne JM, Boj S, Ramezanpour B, Wienke D, Price LS, Shaw PH, Dale TC. 3D imaging of colorectal cancer organoids identifies responses to Tankyrase inhibitors. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235319. [PMID: 32810173 PMCID: PMC7433887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the Wnt signalling pathway is required for tumour initiation and survival in the majority of colorectal cancers. The development of inhibitors of Wnt signalling has been the focus of multiple drug discovery programs targeting colorectal cancer and other malignancies associated with aberrant pathway activation. However, progression of new clinical entities targeting the Wnt pathway has been slow. One challenge lies with the limited predictive power of 2D cancer cell lines because they fail to fully recapitulate intratumoural phenotypic heterogeneity. In particular, the relationship between 2D cancer cell biology and cancer stem cell function is poorly understood. By contrast, 3D tumour organoids provide a platform in which complex cell-cell interactions can be studied. However, complex 3D models provide a challenging platform for the quantitative analysis of drug responses of therapies that have differential effects on tumour cell subpopulations. Here, we generated tumour organoids from colorectal cancer patients and tested their responses to inhibitors of Tankyrase (TNKSi) which are known to modulate Wnt signalling. Using compounds with 3 orders of magnitude difference in cellular mechanistic potency together with image-based assays, we demonstrate that morphometric analyses can capture subtle alterations in organoid responses to Wnt inhibitors that are consistent with activity against a cancer stem cell subpopulation. Overall our study highlights the value of phenotypic readouts as a quantitative method to asses drug-induced effects in a relevant preclinical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luned M. Badder
- Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute (ECSCRI), Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Hollins
- Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute (ECSCRI), Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kuan Yan
- OcellO B.V., Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kenneth B. Ewan
- Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Mairian Thomas
- Cellesce Ltd, Cardiff Medicentre, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer R. Shone
- Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Delyth A. Badder
- Cellular Pathology Department, University Hospital for Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Naven
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin E. Ashelford
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Hargest
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, CCMRC, Henry Wellcome Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Alan R. Clarke
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute (ECSCRI), Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Esdar
- Biopharma, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Research & Development, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - J. Mark Treherne
- Cellesce Ltd, Cardiff Medicentre, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvia Boj
- Hubrecht Organoid Technology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Dirk Wienke
- Biopharma, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Research & Development, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Paul H. Shaw
- Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor C. Dale
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute (ECSCRI), Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
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25
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Damale MG, Pathan SK, Shinde DB, Patil RH, Arote RB, Sangshetti JN. Insights of tankyrases: A novel target for drug discovery. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112712. [PMID: 32877803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tankyrases are the group of enzymes belonging to a class of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) recently named ADP-ribosyltransferase (ARTD). The two isoforms of tankyrase i.e. tankyrase1 (TNKS1) and tankyrase2 (TNKS2) were abundantly expressed in various biological functions in telomere regulation, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, viral replication, endogenous hormone regulation, glucose transport, cherubism disease, erectile dysfunction, and apoptosis. The structural analysis, mechanistic information, in vitro and in vivo studies led identification and development of several classes of tankyrase inhibitors under clinical phases. In the nutshell, this review will drive future research on tankyrase as it enlighten the structural and functional features of TNKS 1 and TNKS 2, different classes of inhibitors with their structure-activity relationship studies, molecular modeling studies, as well as past, current and future perspective of the different class of tankyrase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj G Damale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Srinath College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad, 431136, MS, India
| | - Shahebaaz K Pathan
- Y.B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Rauza Baugh, Aurangabad, MS, 431001, India
| | | | - Rajendra H Patil
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, M.S, India
| | - Rohidas B Arote
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaiprakash N Sangshetti
- Y.B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Rauza Baugh, Aurangabad, MS, 431001, India.
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26
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Discovery of Novel Inhibitor for WNT/β-Catenin Pathway by Tankyrase 1/2 Structure-Based Virtual Screening. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071680. [PMID: 32268564 PMCID: PMC7180783 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway is implicated in various types of cancers. Inhibitors targeting the Wnt signaling pathway are intensively studied in the current cancer research field, the outcomes of which remain to be determined. In this study, we have attempted to discover novel potent WNT/β-catenin pathway inhibitors through tankyrase 1/2 structure-based virtual screening. After screening more than 13.4 million compounds through molecular docking, we experimentally verified one compound, LZZ-02, as the most potent inhibitor out of 11 structurally representative top hits. LiCl-induced HEK293 cells containing TOPFlash reporter showed that LZZ-02 inhibited the transcriptional activity of β-catenin with an IC50 of 10 ± 1.2 μM. Mechanistically, LZZ-02 degrades the expression of β-catenin by stabilizing axin 2, thereby diminishing downstream proteins levels, including c-Myc and cyclin D1. LZZ-02 also inhibits the growth of colonic carcinoma cell harboring constitutively active β-catenin. More importantly, LZZ-02 effectively shrinks tumor xenograft derived from colonic cell lines. Our study successfully identified a novel tankyrase 1/2 inhibitor and shed light on a novel strategy for developing inhibitors targeting the WNT/β-catenin signaling axis.
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27
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Yamaguchi K, Nagatoishi S, Tsumoto K, Furukawa Y. Discovery of chemical probes that suppress Wnt/β-catenin signaling through high-throughput screening. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:783-794. [PMID: 31912579 PMCID: PMC7060471 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway has been observed in a wide range of human tumors. Deregulation of the pathway is closely linked to various aspects of human carcinogenesis such as cell viability, regulation of cell cycle, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, and maintenance of stemness. In addition, recent studies have disclosed the involvement of Wnt signaling in immune evasion of tumor cells. The accumulation of β‐catenin in the nucleus is a common feature of cancer cells carrying defects in the pathway, which leads to the continuous activation of T‐cell factor (TCF)/LEF transcription factors. Consequently, a genetic program is switched on, leading to the uncontrolled growth, prolonged survival, and acquisition of mesenchymal phenotype. As β‐catenin/TCF serves as a signaling hub for the pathway, β‐catenin/TCF‐dependent transcriptional activity is a relevant readout of the pathway. To date, a wide variety of synthetic TCF/LEF reporters has been developed, and high‐throughput screening (HTS) using these reporters has made significant contributions to the discovery of Wnt inhibitors. Indeed, HTS led to the identification of chemical probes targeting porcupine, a membrane bound O‐acyltransferase, and CREB‐binding protein, a transcriptional coactivator. This review focuses on various screening strategies for the discovery of Wnt inhibitors and their mode of action to help the creation of new concepts for assay/screening methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Yamaguchi
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Nagatoishi
- Project Division of Advanced Biopharmaceutical Science, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- Project Division of Advanced Biopharmaceutical Science, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Medical Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Furukawa
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Zhang W, Sviripa VM, Kril LM, Yu T, Xie Y, Hubbard WB, Sullivan PG, Chen X, Zhan CG, Yang-Hartwich Y, Evers BM, Spear BT, Gedaly R, Watt DS, Liu C. An Underlying Mechanism of Dual Wnt Inhibition and AMPK Activation: Mitochondrial Uncouplers Masquerading as Wnt Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2019; 62:11348-11358. [PMID: 31774672 PMCID: PMC7560992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The importance of upregulated Wnt signaling in colorectal cancers led to efforts to develop inhibitors that target β-catenin in this pathway. We now report that several "Wnt inhibitors" that allegedly target β-catenin actually function as mitochondrial proton uncouplers that independently activate AMPK and concomitantly inhibit Wnt signaling. As expected for a process in which mitochondrial uncoupling diminishes ATP production, a mitochondrial proton uncoupler, FCCP, and a glucose metabolic inhibitor, 2-DG, activated AMPK and inhibited Wnt signaling. Also consistent with these findings, a well-known "Wnt inhibitor", FH535, functioned as a proton uncoupler, and in support of this finding, the N-methylated analog, 2,5-dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)benzenesulfonamide (FH535-M), was inactive as an uncoupler and Wnt inhibitor. Apart from suggesting an opportunity to develop dual Wnt inhibitors and AMPK activators, these findings provide a cautionary tale that claims for Wnt inhibition alone require scrutiny as possible mitochondrial proton uncouplers or inhibitors of the electron transport chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Vitaliy M. Sviripa
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Liliia M. Kril
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Tianxin Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Yanqi Xie
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - W. Brad Hubbard
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Patrick G. Sullivan
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Chang-Guo Zhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Yang Yang-Hartwich
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine LSOG 209, 375 Congress Avenue, New Haven CT 06510
| | - B. Mark Evers
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Brett T. Spear
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Roberto Gedaly
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Transplant Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - David S. Watt
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Chunming Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
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29
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Zhong Z, Virshup DM. Wnt Signaling and Drug Resistance in Cancer. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 97:72-89. [PMID: 31787618 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.117978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnts are secreted proteins that bind to cell surface receptors to activate downstream signaling cascades. Normal Wnt signaling plays key roles in embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. The secretion of Wnt ligands, the turnover of Wnt receptors, and the signaling transduction are tightly regulated and fine-tuned to keep the signaling output "just right." Hyperactivated Wnt signaling due to recurrent genetic alterations drives several human cancers. Elevated Wnt signaling also confers resistance to multiple conventional and targeted cancer therapies through diverse mechanisms including maintaining the cancer stem cell population, enhancing DNA damage repair, facilitating transcriptional plasticity, and promoting immune evasion. Different classes of Wnt signaling inhibitors targeting key nodes of the pathway have been developed and show efficacy in treating Wnt-driven cancers and subverting Wnt-mediated therapy resistance in preclinical studies. Several of these inhibitors have advanced to clinical trials, both singly and in combination with other existing US Food and Drug Administration-approved anti-cancer modalities. In the near future, pharmacological inhibition of Wnt signaling may be a real choice for patients with cancer. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The latest insights in Wnt signaling, ranging from basic biology to therapeutic implications in cancer, are reviewed. Recent studies extend understanding of this ancient signaling pathway and describe the development and improvement of anti-Wnt therapeutic modalities for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhong
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore (Z.Z.); Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (Z.Z., D.M.V.); and Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (D.M.V.)
| | - David M Virshup
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore (Z.Z.); Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (Z.Z., D.M.V.); and Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (D.M.V.)
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30
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Lien VT, Kristiansen MK, Pettersen S, Haugen MH, Olberg DE, Waaler J, Klaveness J. Towards dual inhibitors of the MET kinase and WNT signaling pathway; design, synthesis and biological evaluation. RSC Adv 2019; 9:37092-37100. [PMID: 35539091 PMCID: PMC9075752 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08954c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Both the kinase MET and the WNT signaling pathway are attractive targets in cancer therapy, and synergistic effects have previously been observed in animal models upon simultaneous inhibition. A strategy towards a designed multiple ligand of MET and WNT signaling is pursued based on the two hetero biaryl systems present in both the MET inhibitor tepotinib and WNT signaling inhibitor TC-E 5001. Initial screening was conducted to find the most suitable ring systems for further optimization, whereas a second screen explored modifications towards pyridazinones and triazolo pyridazines. Up to 54% reduction of WNT signaling activity at 10 μM concentration was achieved, however, only low affinities towards MET were observed. Overall, the thiophene substituted pyridazinone 40 was the best dual MET and WNT signaling inhibitor, with a 17% and 19% reduction of activity, respectively. Although further optimizations are needed to achieve more potent dual inhibitors, the strategy presented herein can be valuable towards the development of a dual inhibitor of MET and WNT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Solveig Pettersen
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, OUS Radiumhospitalet Oslo Norway
| | - Mads Haugland Haugen
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, OUS Radiumhospitalet Oslo Norway
| | - Dag Erlend Olberg
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo Oslo Norway
- Norsk Medisinsk Syklotronsenter AS, OUS Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway
| | - Jo Waaler
- Department of Microbiology, Section for Cell Signaling, OUS Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway
| | - Jo Klaveness
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo Oslo Norway
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31
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Li N, Wang Y, Deng W, Lin SH. Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerases (PARPs) and PARP Inhibitor-Targeted Therapeutics. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:206-212. [PMID: 30417796 DOI: 10.2174/1871520618666181109164645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poly-ADP-ribosylation, that is, adding ADP-ribose moieties to a protein, is a unique type of protein post-translational modification that regulates various cellular processes such as DNA repair, mitosis, transcription, and cell growth. Small-molecule inhibitors of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) have been developed as anticancer agents because inhibition of PARP enzymes may be a synthetic lethal strategy for cancers with or BRCA2 mutations. However, there are still questions surrounding PARP inhibitors. METHODS/RESULTS Data were collected from Pubmed, Medline, through searching of these keywords: "PARP", "BRCA", "Synthetic lethal" and "Tankyrase inhibitors". We describe the current knowledge of PARP inhibition and its effects on DNA damage; mechanisms of resistance to PARP inhibitors; the evolution of PARP inhibitors; and the potential use of PARP5a/b (tankyrases) inhibitors in cancer treatment. CONCLUSION PARP inhibitors are already showing promise as therapeutic tools, especially in the management of BRCA-mutated breast and ovarian cancers but also in tumors with dysfunctional BRCA genes. Small-molecule tankyrase inhibitors are important for increasing our understanding of tankyrase biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States.,The University of Texas, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Weiye Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Steven H Lin
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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32
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Wnt Signaling in the Regulation of Immune Cell and Cancer Therapeutics. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111380. [PMID: 31684152 PMCID: PMC6912555 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling is one of the important pathways to play a major role in various biological processes, such as embryonic stem-cell development, tissue regeneration, cell differentiation, and immune cell regulation. Recent studies suggest that Wnt signaling performs an essential function in immune cell modulation and counteracts various disorders. Nonetheless, the emerging role and mechanism of action of this signaling cascade in immune cell regulation, as well as its involvement in various cancers, remain debatable. The Wnt signaling in immune cells is very diverse, e.g., the tolerogenic role of dendritic cells, the development of natural killer cells, thymopoiesis of T cells, B-cell-driven initiation of T-cells, and macrophage actions in tissue repair, regeneration, and fibrosis. The purpose of this review is to highlight the current therapeutic targets in (and the prospects of) Wnt signaling, as well as the potential suitability of available modulators for the development of cancer immunotherapies. Although there are several Wnt inhibitors relevant to cancer, it would be worthwhile to extend this approach to immune cells.
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33
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Sufu- and Spop-mediated downregulation of Hedgehog signaling promotes beta cell differentiation through organ-specific niche signals. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4647. [PMID: 31604927 PMCID: PMC6789033 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12624-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cell-derived beta cells offer a promising cell-based therapy for diabetes. However, efficient stem cell to beta cell differentiation has proven difficult, possibly due to the lack of cross-talk with the appropriate mesenchymal niche. To define organ-specific niche signals, we isolated pancreatic and gastrointestinal stromal cells, and analyzed their gene expression during development. Our genetic studies reveal the importance of tightly regulated Hedgehog signaling in the pancreatic mesenchyme: inactivation of mesenchymal signaling leads to annular pancreas, whereas stroma-specific activation of signaling via loss of Hedgehog regulators, Sufu and Spop, impairs pancreatic growth and beta cell genesis. Genetic rescue and transcriptome analyses show that these Sufu and Spop knockout defects occur through Gli2-mediated activation of gastrointestinal stromal signals such as Wnt ligands. Importantly, inhibition of Wnt signaling in organoid and human stem cell cultures significantly promotes insulin-producing cell generation, altogether revealing the requirement for organ-specific regulation of stromal niche signals.
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34
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Li N, Wang Y, Neri S, Zhen Y, Fong LWR, Qiao Y, Li X, Chen Z, Stephan C, Deng W, Ye R, Jiang W, Zhang S, Yu Y, Hung MC, Chen J, Lin SH. Tankyrase disrupts metabolic homeostasis and promotes tumorigenesis by inhibiting LKB1-AMPK signalling. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4363. [PMID: 31554794 PMCID: PMC6761205 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12377-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The LKB1/AMPK pathway plays a major role in cellular homeostasis and tumor suppression. Down-regulation of LKB1/AMPK occurs in several human cancers and has been implicated in metabolic diseases. However, the precise upstream regulation of LKB1-AMPK pathway is largely unknown. Here, we report that AMPK activation by LKB1 is regulated by tankyrases. Tankyrases interact with and ribosylate LKB1, promoting its K63-linked ubiquitination by an E3 ligase RNF146, which blocks LKB1/STRAD/MO25 complex formation and LKB1 activation. LKB1 activation by tankyrase inhibitors induces AMPK activation and suppresses tumorigenesis. Similarly, the tankyrase inhibitor G007-LK effectively regulates liver metabolism and glycemic control in diabetic mice in a LKB1-dependent manner. In patients with lung cancer, tankyrase levels negatively correlate with p-AMPK levels and poor survival. Taken together, these findings suggest that tankyrase and RNF146 are major up-stream regulators of LKB1-AMPK pathway and provide another focus for cancer and metabolic disease therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75219, USA
| | - Shinya Neri
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yuanli Zhen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Lon Wolf R Fong
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yawei Qiao
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- School of Life Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Clifford Stephan
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, The Institute of Biosciences and Technology at Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Weiye Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75219, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rui Ye
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75219, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shuxing Zhang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yonghao Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Steven H Lin
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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35
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Menon M, Elliott R, Bowers L, Balan N, Rafiq R, Costa-Cabral S, Munkonge F, Trinidade I, Porter R, Campbell AD, Johnson ER, Esdar C, Buchstaller HP, Leuthner B, Rohdich F, Schneider R, Sansom O, Wienke D, Ashworth A, Lord CJ. A novel tankyrase inhibitor, MSC2504877, enhances the effects of clinical CDK4/6 inhibitors. Sci Rep 2019; 9:201. [PMID: 30655555 PMCID: PMC6336890 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36447-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the PARP superfamily tankyrase enzymes suppresses Wnt/β-catenin signalling in tumour cells. Here, we describe here a novel, drug-like small molecule inhibitor of tankyrase MSC2504877 that inhibits the growth of APC mutant colorectal tumour cells. Parallel siRNA and drug sensitivity screens showed that the clinical CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib, causes enhanced sensitivity to MSC2504877. This tankyrase inhibitor-CDK4/6 inhibitor combinatorial effect is not limited to palbociclib and MSC2504877 and is elicited with other CDK4/6 inhibitors and toolbox tankyrase inhibitors. The addition of MSC2504877 to palbociclib enhances G1 cell cycle arrest and cellular senescence in tumour cells. MSC2504877 exposure suppresses the upregulation of Cyclin D2 and Cyclin E2 caused by palbociclib and enhances the suppression of phospho-Rb, providing a mechanistic explanation for these effects. The combination of MSC2504877 and palbociclib was also effective in suppressing the cellular hyperproliferative phenotype seen in Apc defective intestinal stem cells in vivo. However, the presence of an oncogenic Kras p.G12D mutation in mice reversed the effects of the MSC2504877/palbociclib combination, suggesting one molecular route that could lead to drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malini Menon
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Richard Elliott
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Leandra Bowers
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Nicolae Balan
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Rumana Rafiq
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Sara Costa-Cabral
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Felix Munkonge
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Ines Trinidade
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | | | - Andrew D Campbell
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Switchback Rd, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Emma R Johnson
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Switchback Rd, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Christina Esdar
- Merck KGaA, Biopharma Research & Development, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Buchstaller
- Merck KGaA, Biopharma Research & Development, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Birgitta Leuthner
- Merck KGaA, Biopharma Research & Development, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Felix Rohdich
- Merck KGaA, Biopharma Research & Development, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Richard Schneider
- Merck KGaA, Biopharma Research & Development, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Owen Sansom
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Switchback Rd, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Dirk Wienke
- Merck KGaA, Biopharma Research & Development, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Alan Ashworth
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK.
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Centre, San Francisco, 94158, USA.
| | - Christopher J Lord
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK.
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36
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Palazzo L, Ahel I. PARPs in genome stability and signal transduction: implications for cancer therapy. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:1681-1695. [PMID: 30420415 PMCID: PMC6299239 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) superfamily of enzymes catalyses the ADP-ribosylation (ADPr) of target proteins by using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as a donor. ADPr reactions occur either in the form of attachment of a single ADP-ribose nucleotide unit on target proteins or in the form of ADP-ribose chains, with the latter called poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. PARPs regulate many cellular processes, including the maintenance of genome stability and signal transduction. In this review, we focus on the PARP family members that possess the ability to modify proteins by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, namely PARP1, PARP2, Tankyrase-1, and Tankyrase-2. Here, we detail the cellular functions of PARP1 and PARP2 in the regulation of DNA damage response and describe the function of Tankyrases in Wnt-mediated signal transduction. Furthermore, we discuss how the understanding of these pathways has provided some major breakthroughs in the treatment of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Palazzo
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ivan Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, U.K.
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Treatment with XAV-939 prevents in vitro calcification of human valvular interstitial cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208774. [PMID: 30532256 PMCID: PMC6286025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of a substance or inhibitor-based treatment strategy for the prevention of aortic valve stenosis is a challenge and a main focus of medical research in this area. One strategy may be to use the tankyrase inhibitor XAV-939, which leads to Axin stabilisation and subsequent destruction of the β-catenin complex and dephosphorylation of β-catenin. The dephosphorylated active form of β-catenin (non-phospho-β-catenin) then promotes nuclear transcription that leads to osteogenesis. The aims of the present study were to develop an experimental system for inducing in vitro calcification of human aortic valvular interstitial cells (VICs) to investigate the potential anti-calcific effect of XAV-939 and to analyse expression of the Wnt signalling proteins and Sox9, a chondrogenesis regulator, in this model. Calcification of human VIC cultures was induced by cultivation in an osteogenic medium and the effect of co-incubation with 1μM XAV-939 was monitored. Calcification was quantified when mineral deposits were visible in culture and was histologically verified by von Kossa or Alizarin red staining and by IR-spectroscopy. Protein expression of alkaline phosphatase, Axin, β-catenin and Sox9 were quantified by western blotting. In 58% of the VIC preparations, calcification was induced in an osteogenic culture medium and was accompanied by upregulation of alkaline phosphatase. The calcification induction was prevented by the XAV-939 co-treatment and the alkaline phosphatase upregulation was suppressed. As expected, Axin was upregulated, but the levels of active non-phospho-β-catenin were also enhanced. Sox9 was induced during XAV-939 treatment but apparently not as a result of downregulation of β-catenin signalling. XAV-939 was therefore able to prevent calcification of human VIC cultures, and XAV-939 treatment was accompanied by upregulation of active non-phospho-β-catenin. Although XAV-939 does not downregulate active β-catenin, treatment with XAV-939 results in Sox9 upregulation that may prevent the calcification process.
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Mizutani A, Yashiroda Y, Muramatsu Y, Yoshida H, Chikada T, Tsumura T, Okue M, Shirai F, Fukami T, Yoshida M, Seimiya H. RK-287107, a potent and specific tankyrase inhibitor, blocks colorectal cancer cell growth in a preclinical model. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:4003-4014. [PMID: 30238564 PMCID: PMC6272098 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling causes tumorigenesis and promotes the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells. Porcupine inhibitors, which block secretion of Wnt ligands, may have only limited clinical impact for the treatment of colorectal cancer, because most colorectal cancer is caused by loss‐of‐function mutations of the tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) downstream of Wnt ligands. Tankyrase poly(ADP‐ribosyl)ates (PARylates) Axin, a negative regulator of β‐catenin. This post‐translational modification causes ubiquitin‐dependent degradation of Axin, resulting in β‐catenin accumulation. Tankyrase inhibitors downregulate β‐catenin and suppress the growth of APC‐mutated colorectal cancer cells. Herein, we report a novel tankyrase‐specific inhibitor RK‐287107, which inhibits tankyrase‐1 and ‐2 four‐ and eight‐fold more potently, respectively, than G007‐LK, a tankyrase inhibitor that has been previously reported as effective in mouse xenograft models. RK‐287107 causes Axin2 accumulation and downregulates β‐catenin, T‐cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor reporter activity and the target gene expression in colorectal cancer cells harboring the shortly truncated APC mutations. Consistently, RK‐287107 inhibits the growth of APC‐mutated (β‐catenin‐dependent) colorectal cancer COLO‐320DM and SW403 cells but not the APC‐wild (β‐catenin‐independent) colorectal cancer RKO cells. Intraperitoneal or oral administration of RK‐287107 suppresses COLO‐320DM tumor growth in NOD‐SCID mice. Rates of tumor growth inhibition showed good correlation with the behavior of pharmacodynamic biomarkers, such as Axin2 accumulation and MYC downregulation. These observations indicate that RK‐287107 exerts a proof‐of‐concept antitumor effect, and thus may have potential for tankyrase‐directed molecular cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mizutani
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Yashiroda
- Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Yukiko Muramatsu
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Yoshida
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Chikada
- Pharmacokinetics and Analysis Laboratory, Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsumura
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masayuki Okue
- Process Chemistry Laboratory Chemistry, Manufacturing & Control Research Labs, Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Shirai
- Drug Discovery Chemistry Platform Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Takehiro Fukami
- RIKEN Program for Drug Discovery and Medical Technology Platforms, Wako, Japan
| | - Minoru Yoshida
- Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Japan.,Drug Discovery Seed Compounds Exploratory Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Seimiya
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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Grimaldi M, Boulahtouf A, Prévostel C, Thierry A, Balaguer P, Blache P. A Cell Model Suitable for a High-Throughput Screening of Inhibitors of the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1160. [PMID: 30364258 PMCID: PMC6193374 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A constitutive activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is an initiating event in colon carcinogenesis. We developed colon cancer cells models that highlight the non-selectivity of previously described inhibitors of the Wnt pathway and we propose our model as a suitable screening system for inhibitors of the pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Grimaldi
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM, U1194, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Abdelhay Boulahtouf
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM, U1194, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Corinne Prévostel
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM, U1194, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alain Thierry
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM, U1194, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Balaguer
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM, U1194, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Blache
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM, U1194, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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40
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Zhi LQ, Yang YX, Yao SX, Qing Z, Ma JB. Identification of Novel Target for Osteosarcoma by Network Analysis. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:5914-5924. [PMID: 30144309 PMCID: PMC6120164 DOI: 10.12659/msm.909973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma (OS) is a highly complicated bone cancer involving imbalance of signaling transduction networks in cells. Development of new anti-osteosarcoma drugs is very challenging, mainly due to lack of known key targets. Material/Method In this study, we attempted to reveal more promising targets for drug design by “Target-Pathway” network analysis, providing the new therapeutic strategy of osteosarcoma. The potential targets used for the treatment of OS were selected from 4 different sources: DrugBank, TCRD database, dbDEMC database, and recent scientific literature papers. Cytoscape was used for the establishment of the “Target-Pathway” network. Results The obtained results suggest that tankyrase 2 (TNKS2) might be a very good potential protein target for the treatment of osteosarcoma. An in vitro MTT assay proved that it is an available option against OS by targeting the TNKS2 protein. Subsequently, cell cycle and apoptosis assay by flow cytometry showed the TNKS2 inhibitor can obviously induce cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and mitotic cell death. Conclusions Tankyrase 2 (TNKS2), a member of the multifunctional poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), could be a very useful protein target for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qiang Zhi
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yi-Xin Yang
- Medical Experiment Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Shu-Xin Yao
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Zhong Qing
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Jian-Bing Ma
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
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41
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Foulquier S, Daskalopoulos EP, Lluri G, Hermans KCM, Deb A, Blankesteijn WM. WNT Signaling in Cardiac and Vascular Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2018; 70:68-141. [PMID: 29247129 PMCID: PMC6040091 DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.013896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
WNT signaling is an elaborate and complex collection of signal transduction pathways mediated by multiple signaling molecules. WNT signaling is critically important for developmental processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation and tissue patterning. Little WNT signaling activity is present in the cardiovascular system of healthy adults, but reactivation of the pathway is observed in many pathologies of heart and blood vessels. The high prevalence of these pathologies and their significant contribution to human disease burden has raised interest in WNT signaling as a potential target for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we first will focus on the constituents of the pathway and their regulation and the different signaling routes. Subsequently, the role of WNT signaling in cardiovascular development is addressed, followed by a detailed discussion of its involvement in vascular and cardiac disease. After highlighting the crosstalk between WNT, transforming growth factor-β and angiotensin II signaling, and the emerging role of WNT signaling in the regulation of stem cells, we provide an overview of drugs targeting the pathway at different levels. From the combined studies we conclude that, despite the sometimes conflicting experimental data, a general picture is emerging that excessive stimulation of WNT signaling adversely affects cardiovascular pathology. The rapidly increasing collection of drugs interfering at different levels of WNT signaling will allow the evaluation of therapeutic interventions in the pathway in relevant animal models of cardiovascular diseases and eventually in patients in the near future, translating the outcomes of the many preclinical studies into a clinically relevant context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Foulquier
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (S.F., K.C.M.H., W.M.B.); Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.P.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (G.L., A.D.); and Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (A.D.)
| | - Evangelos P Daskalopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (S.F., K.C.M.H., W.M.B.); Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.P.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (G.L., A.D.); and Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (A.D.)
| | - Gentian Lluri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (S.F., K.C.M.H., W.M.B.); Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.P.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (G.L., A.D.); and Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (A.D.)
| | - Kevin C M Hermans
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (S.F., K.C.M.H., W.M.B.); Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.P.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (G.L., A.D.); and Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (A.D.)
| | - Arjun Deb
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (S.F., K.C.M.H., W.M.B.); Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.P.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (G.L., A.D.); and Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (A.D.)
| | - W Matthijs Blankesteijn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (S.F., K.C.M.H., W.M.B.); Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.P.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (G.L., A.D.); and Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (A.D.)
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42
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Mariotti L, Pollock K, Guettler S. Regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling by tankyrase-dependent poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and scaffolding. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:4611-4636. [PMID: 28910490 PMCID: PMC5727255 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway is pivotal for stem cell function and the control of cellular differentiation, both during embryonic development and tissue homeostasis in adults. Its activity is carefully controlled through the concerted interactions of concentration-limited pathway components and a wide range of post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, sumoylation, poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) and acetylation. Regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling by PARylation was discovered relatively recently. The PARP tankyrase PARylates AXIN1/2, an essential central scaffolding protein in the β-catenin destruction complex, and targets it for degradation, thereby fine-tuning the responsiveness of cells to the Wnt signal. The past few years have not only seen much progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which PARylation controls the pathway but also witnessed the successful development of tankyrase inhibitors as tool compounds and promising agents for the therapy of Wnt-dependent dysfunctions, including colorectal cancer. Recent work has hinted at more complex roles of tankyrase in Wnt/β-catenin signalling as well as challenges and opportunities in the development of tankyrase inhibitors. Here we review some of the latest advances in our understanding of tankyrase function in the pathway and efforts to modulate tankyrase activity to re-tune Wnt/β-catenin signalling in colorectal cancer cells. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on WNT Signalling: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.24/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mariotti
- Division of Structural BiologyThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
- Division of Cancer BiologyThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Katie Pollock
- Division of Structural BiologyThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
- Division of Cancer BiologyThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
- Division of Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Sebastian Guettler
- Division of Structural BiologyThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
- Division of Cancer BiologyThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
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43
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Sadava D, Kane SE. The effect of brassinolide, a plant steroid hormone, on drug resistant small-cell lung carcinoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:783-787. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.08.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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44
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Ferri M, Liscio P, Carotti A, Asciutti S, Sardella R, Macchiarulo A, Camaioni E. Targeting Wnt-driven cancers: Discovery of novel tankyrase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 142:506-522. [PMID: 29107427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have seen substantially heightened interest in the discovery of tankyrase inhibitors (TNKSi) as new promising anticancer agents. In this framework, the aim of this review article is focused on the description of potent TNKSi also endowed with disruptor activity toward the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Beginning with an overview of the most characterized TNKSi deriving from several drug design approaches and classifying them on the basis of the molecular interactions with the target, we discuss only those ones acting against Wnt cancer cell lines. In addition, comprehensive structure property relationships (SPR) emerging from the hit evolution processes and preclinical results are provided. We then review the most promising TNKSi hitherto reported in literature, acting in vivo models of Wnt-driven cancers. Some outlooks on current issues and future directions in this field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Ferri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Paride Liscio
- TES Pharma, Via P. Togliatti 22bis, 06073 Terrioli, Corciano, Italy
| | - Andrea Carotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefania Asciutti
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Oncological Sciences, 1425 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Roccaldo Sardella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Macchiarulo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Emidio Camaioni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
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45
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Dietrich L, Rathmer B, Ewan K, Bange T, Heinrichs S, Dale TC, Schade D, Grossmann TN. Cell Permeable Stapled Peptide Inhibitor of Wnt Signaling that Targets β-Catenin Protein-Protein Interactions. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:958-968.e5. [PMID: 28757184 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway plays a critical role in cell proliferation and differentiation, thus it is often associated with diseases such as cancers. Unfortunately, although attractive, developing anti-cancer strategy targeting Wnt signaling has been challenging given that the most attractive targets are involved in protein-protein interactions (PPIs). Here, we develop a stapled peptide inhibitor that targets the interaction between β-catenin and T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor transcription factors, which are crucially involved in Wnt signaling. Our integrative approach combines peptide stapling to optimize proteolytic stability, with lessons learned from cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) design to maximize cellular uptake resulting in NLS-StAx-h, a selective, cell permeable, stapled peptide inhibitor of oncogenic Wnt signaling that efficiently inhibits β-catenin-transcription factor interactions. We expect that this type of integrative strategy that endows stapled peptides with CPP features will be generally useful for developing inhibitors of intracellular PPIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dietrich
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Bernd Rathmer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Kenneth Ewan
- School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Tanja Bange
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stefan Heinrichs
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Trevor C Dale
- School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Dennis Schade
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tom N Grossmann
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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46
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Thorvaldsen TE. Targeting Tankyrase to Fight WNT-dependent Tumours. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 121:81-88. [PMID: 28371398 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant WNT signalling activity is linked to various diseases due to the WNT dependency of fundamental processes during development and in adult tissue homeostasis. Mutations in components of the multi-protein β-catenin destruction complex promote excessive amounts of the main transcriptional activator β-catenin and are particularly common in colorectal cancer (CRC). The tankyrase enzymes were recently implicated as negative regulators of destruction complex activity by mediating degradation of the scaffolding protein AXIN. Indeed, tankyrase inhibitors (TNKSi) have emerged as promising therapeutics by restoring functional signal-limiting destruction complexes in CRCs. Furthermore, as TNKSi-induced destruction complexes (so-called degradasomes) can be visualized by microscopy, they have served as a valuable experimental model system to address unresolved aspects regarding the structure, function and composition of the β-catenin destruction complex. This MiniReview provides an overview of the current knowledge on the regulatory mechanisms and interactions that govern the β-catenin destruction complex activity. It further highlights the potential of TNKSi as anticancer drugs and as a novel research tool to dissect the WNT signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tor Espen Thorvaldsen
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, Oslo, Norway
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47
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Xu W, Lau YH, Fischer G, Tan YS, Chattopadhyay A, de la Roche M, Hyvönen M, Verma C, Spring DR, Itzhaki LS. Macrocyclized Extended Peptides: Inhibiting the Substrate-Recognition Domain of Tankyrase. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:2245-2256. [PMID: 28084734 PMCID: PMC5358875 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We report a double-click macrocyclization approach for the design of constrained peptide inhibitors having non-helical or extended conformations. Our targets are the tankyrase proteins (TNKS), poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP) that regulate Wnt signaling by targeting Axin for degradation. TNKS are deregulated in many different cancer types, and inhibition of TNKS therefore represents an attractive therapeutic strategy. However, clinical development of TNKS-specific PARP catalytic inhibitors is challenging due to off-target effects and cellular toxicity. We instead targeted the substrate-recognition domain of TNKS, as it is unique among PARP family members. We employed a two-component strategy, allowing peptide and linker to be separately engineered and then assembled in a combinatorial fashion via click chemistry. Using the consensus substrate-peptide sequence as a starting point, we optimized the length and rigidity of the linker and its position along the peptide. Optimization was further guided by high-resolution crystal structures of two of the macrocyclized peptides in complex with TNKS. This approach led to macrocyclized peptides with submicromolar affinities for TNKS and high proteolytic stability that are able to disrupt the interaction between TNKS and Axin substrate and to inhibit Wnt signaling in a dose-dependent manner. The peptides therefore represent a promising starting point for a new class of substrate-competitive inhibitors of TNKS with potential for suppressing Wnt signaling in cancer. Moreover, by demonstrating the application of the double-click macrocyclization approach to non-helical, extended, or irregularly structured peptides, we greatly extend its potential and scope, especially given the frequency with which such motifs mediate protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshu Xu
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Heng Lau
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Gerhard Fischer
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Yaw Sing Tan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
- Bioinformatics
Institute, Agency for Science, Technology
and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix 138671, Singapore
| | - Anasuya Chattopadhyay
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, United Kingdom
| | - Marc de la Roche
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Marko Hyvönen
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Chandra Verma
- Bioinformatics
Institute, Agency for Science, Technology
and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix 138671, Singapore
- School
of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological
University, 60 Nanyang
Drive 637551, Singapore
- Department
of Biological Sciences, National University
of Singapore, 14 Science
Drive 4 117543, Singapore
| | - David R. Spring
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Laura S. Itzhaki
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, United Kingdom
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48
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Jia Z, Liu Y, Gao Q, Han Y, Zhang G, Xu S, Cheng K, Zou W. miR-490-3p inhibits the growth and invasiveness in triple-negative breast cancer by repressing the expression of TNKS2. Gene 2016; 593:41-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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49
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Lu B, Green BA, Farr JM, Lopes FCM, Van Raay TJ. Wnt Drug Discovery: Weaving Through the Screens, Patents and Clinical Trials. Cancers (Basel) 2016; 8:cancers8090082. [PMID: 27598201 PMCID: PMC5040984 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8090082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is intricately involved in many aspects of development and is the root cause of an increasing number of diseases. For example, colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of death in the industrialized world and aberration of Wnt signaling within the colonic stem cell is the cause of more than 90% of these cancers. Despite our advances in successfully targeting other pathways, such as Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2), there are no clinically relevant therapies available for Wnt-related diseases. Here, we investigated where research activities are focused with respect to Wnt signaling modulators by searching the United States Patent and Trade Office (USPTO) for patents and patent applications related to Wnt modulators and compared this to clinical trials focusing on Wnt modulation. We found that while the transition of intellectual property surrounding the Wnt ligand-receptor interface to clinical trials is robust, this is not true for specific inhibitors of β-catenin, which is constitutively active in many cancers. Considering the ubiquitous use of the synthetic T-cell Factor/Lymphoid Enhancer Factor (TCF/Lef) reporter system and its success in identifying novel modulators in vitro, we speculate that this model of drug discovery does not capture the complexity of in vivo Wnt signaling that may be required if we are to successfully target the Wnt pathway in the clinic. Notwithstanding, increasingly more complex models are being developed, which may not be high throughput, but more pragmatic in our pursuit to control Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Lu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Brooke A Green
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Jacqueline M Farr
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Flávia C M Lopes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Terence J Van Raay
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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50
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Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitor ICG-001 enhances pigmentation of cultured melanoma cells. J Dermatol Sci 2016; 84:160-168. [PMID: 27567978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wnt/β-catenin signaling is important in development and differentiation of melanocytes. OBJECTIVE The object of this study was to evaluate the effects of several Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitors on pigmentation using melanoma cells. METHODS Melanoma cells were treated with Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitors, and then melanin content and tyrosinase activity were checked. RESULTS Although some inhibitors showed slight inhibition of pigmentation, we failed to observe potential inhibitory effect of those chemicals on pigmentation of HM3KO melanoma cells. Rather, one of powerful Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitors, ICG-001, increased the pigmentation of HM3KO melanoma cells. Pigmentation-enhancing effect of ICG-001 was reproducible in other melanoma cell line MNT-1. Consistent with these results. ICG-001 increased the expression of pigmentation-related genes, such as MITF, tyrosinase and TRP1. When ICG-001 was treated, the phosphorylation of CREB was significantly increased. In addition, ICG-001 treatment led to quick increase of intracellular cAMP level, suggesting that ICG-001 activated PKA signaling. The blockage of PKA signaling with pharmaceutical inhibitor H89 inhibited the ICG-001-induced pigmentation significantly. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that PKA signaling is pivotal in pigmentation process itself, while the importance of Wnt/β-catenin signaling should be emphasized in the context of development and differentiation.
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