1
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Higashida H, Oshima Y, Yamamoto Y. Oxytocin transported from the blood across the blood-brain barrier by receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) affects brain function related to social behavior. Peptides 2024; 178:171230. [PMID: 38677620 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) is a neuropeptide that primarily functions as a hormone controlling female reproductive processes. Since numerous recent studies have shown that single and repetitive administrations of OT increase trust, social interaction, and maternal behaviors in humans and animals, OT is considered a key molecule that regulates social memory and behavior. Furthermore, OT binds to receptors for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE), and it has been demonstrated that loss of RAGE in the brain vascular endothelial cells of mice fails to increase brain OT concentrations following peripheral OT administration. This leads to the hypothesis that RAGE is involved in the direct transport of OT, allowing it access to the brain by transporting it across the blood-brain barrier; however, this hypothesis is only based on limited evidence. Herein, we review the recent results related to this hypothesis, such as the mode of transport of OT in the blood circulation to the brain via different forms of RAGE, including membrane-bound full-length RAGE and soluble RAGE. We further review the modulation of brain function and social behavior, which seem to be mediated by RAGE-dependent OT. Overall, this review mostly confirms that RAGE enables the recruitment of circulating OT to the brain, thereby influencing social behavior. The requirement for further studies considering the physiological aspects of RAGE is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiro Higashida
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan.
| | - Yu Oshima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
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2
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Hernández-Ortega K, Canul-Euan AA, Solis-Paredes JM, Borboa-Olivares H, Reyes-Muñoz E, Estrada-Gutierrez G, Camacho-Arroyo I. S100B actions on glial and neuronal cells in the developing brain: an overview. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1425525. [PMID: 39027325 PMCID: PMC11256909 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1425525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The S100B is a member of the S100 family of "E" helix-loop- "F" helix structure (EF) hand calcium-binding proteins expressed in diverse glial, selected neuronal, and various peripheral cells, exerting differential effects. In particular, this review compiles descriptions of the detection of S100B in different brain cells localized in specific regions during the development of humans, mice, and rats. Then, it summarizes S100B's actions on the differentiation, growth, and maturation of glial and neuronal cells in humans and rodents. Particular emphasis is placed on S100B regulation of the differentiation and maturation of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes (OL), and the stimulation of dendritic development in serotoninergic and cerebellar neurons during embryogenesis. We also summarized reports that associate morphological alterations (impaired neurite outgrowth, neuronal migration, altered radial glial cell morphology) of specific neural cell groups during neurodevelopment and functional disturbances (slower rate of weight gain, impaired spatial learning) with changes in the expression of S100B caused by different conditions and stimuli as exposure to stress, ethanol, cocaine and congenital conditions such as Down's Syndrome. Taken together, this evidence highlights the impact of the expression and early actions of S100B in astrocytes, OL, and neurons during brain development, which is reflected in the alterations in differentiation, growth, and maturation of these cells. This allows the integration of a spatiotemporal panorama of S100B actions in glial and neuronal cells in the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Hernández-Ortega
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Arturo Alejandro Canul-Euan
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute of Perinatology Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes (INPer), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
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3
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Rojas A, Lindner C, Schneider I, Gonzalez I, Uribarri J. The RAGE Axis: A Relevant Inflammatory Hub in Human Diseases. Biomolecules 2024; 14:412. [PMID: 38672429 PMCID: PMC11048448 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In 1992, a transcendental report suggested that the receptor of advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) functions as a cell surface receptor for a wide and diverse group of compounds, commonly referred to as advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), resulting from the non-enzymatic glycation of lipids and proteins in response to hyperglycemia. The interaction of these compounds with RAGE represents an essential element in triggering the cellular response to proteins or lipids that become glycated. Although initially demonstrated for diabetes complications, a growing body of evidence clearly supports RAGE's role in human diseases. Moreover, the recognizing capacities of this receptor have been extended to a plethora of structurally diverse ligands. As a result, it has been acknowledged as a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) and functionally categorized as the RAGE axis. The ligation to RAGE leads the initiation of a complex signaling cascade and thus triggering crucial cellular events in the pathophysiology of many human diseases. In the present review, we intend to summarize basic features of the RAGE axis biology as well as its contribution to some relevant human diseases such as metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, autoimmune, and chronic airways diseases, and cancer as a result of exposure to AGEs, as well as many other ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Rojas
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Maule, Talca 34600000, Chile; (A.R.); (I.G.)
| | - Cristian Lindner
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile;
| | - Ivan Schneider
- Centre of Primary Attention, South Metropolitan Health Service, Santiago 3830000, Chile;
| | - Ileana Gonzalez
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Maule, Talca 34600000, Chile; (A.R.); (I.G.)
| | - Jaime Uribarri
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10021, USA
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4
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Schwertner K, Gelles K, Leitner J, Steinberger P, Gundacker C, Vrticka R, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K, Ellinger I, Geiselhart S. Human intestine and placenta exhibit tissue-specific expression of RAGE isoforms. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18247. [PMID: 37533998 PMCID: PMC10391957 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is encoded by AGER, a gene that is subjected to tissue-specific alternative splicing. Splice variants of RAGE in intestine and placenta are unknown and contradictory data concerning RAGE protein expression in these tissues have been published. As a basis for future functional studies, we examined RAGE expression in small intestine, colon and placentas. PCR cloning revealed that full-length RAGE is the only RAGE transcript isoform expressed in placenta. In the small intestine, the major transcript isoform detected was RAGE_v1 encoding the C-terminally truncated soluble receptor. In the colon, both full-length RAGE as well as several splice variants were identified. Four antibodies were used to study protein expression by immunoblotting and were carefully validated. Appropriate controls were essential to avoid misinterpretation of bands caused by non-specific reactivity of antibodies. Only one of four antibodies tested detected full-length RAGE in placenta, whereas no RAGE-specific band was detected in intestinal tissues despite loading >30-fold more intestinal tissue than the positive control, human lung. RAGE expression levels in the placenta were 100-fold lower compared with human lung when analyzed by ELISA, and no significant differences in RAGE expression were detected between healthy placentas and placentas from women with preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, or fetal growth restriction. We conclude that healthy placental chorionic tissue expresses low levels of full-length RAGE, whereas expression of the tissue-specific intestinal isoforms is below the limit of detection. Low RAGE expression levels in combination with a lack of antibody validation may explain the conflicting published results on RAGE protein expression in intestine and placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schwertner
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Gelles
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Leitner
- Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Gundacker
- Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ruben Vrticka
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Isabella Ellinger
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Geiselhart
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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5
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Geddes JW, Bondada V, Croall DE, Rodgers DW, Gal J. Impaired activity and membrane association of most calpain-5 mutants causal for neovascular inflammatory vitreoretinopathy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166747. [PMID: 37207905 PMCID: PMC10332796 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Neovascular inflammatory vitreoretinopathy (NIV) is a rare eye disease that ultimately leads to complete blindness and is caused by mutations in the gene encoding calpain-5 (CAPN5), with six pathogenic mutations identified. In transfected SH-SY5Y cells, five of the mutations resulted in decreased membrane association, diminished S-acylation, and reduced calcium-induced autoproteolysis of CAPN5. CAPN5 proteolysis of the autoimmune regulator AIRE was impacted by several NIV mutations. R243, L244, K250 and the adjacent V249 are on β-strands in the protease core 2 domain. Conformational changes induced by Ca2+binding result in these β-strands forming a β-sheet and a hydrophobic pocket which docks W286 side chain away from the catalytic cleft, enabling calpain activation based on comparison with the Ca2+-bound CAPN1 protease core. The pathologic variants R243L, L244P, K250N, and R289W are predicted to disrupt the β-strands, β-sheet, and hydrophobic pocket, impairing calpain activation. The mechanism by which these variants impair membrane association is unclear. G376S impacts a conserved residue in the CBSW domain and is predicted to disrupt a loop containing acidic residues which may contribute to membrane binding. G267S did not impair membrane association and resulted in a slight but significant increase in autoproteolytic and proteolytic activity. However, G267S is also identified in individuals without NIV. Combined with the autosomal dominant pattern of NIV inheritance and evidence that CAPN5 may dimerize, the results are consistent with a dominant negative mechanism for the five pathogenic variants which resulted in impaired CAPN5 activity and membrane association and a gain-of-function for the G267S variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Geddes
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Vimala Bondada
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Dorothy E Croall
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
| | - David W Rodgers
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Jozsef Gal
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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6
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Salehi M, Amiri S, Ilghari D, Hasham LFA, Piri H. The Remarkable Roles of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) and Its Soluble Isoforms in COVID-19: The Importance of RAGE Pathway in the Lung Injuries. Indian J Clin Biochem 2022; 38:159-171. [PMID: 35999871 PMCID: PMC9387879 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-022-01081-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory symptoms of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients is associated with accumulation of pre-inflammatory molecules such as advanced glycation end-products (AGES), calprotectin, high mobility group box family-1 (HMGB1), cytokines, angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and other molecules in the alveolar space of lungs and plasma. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGEs), which is mediated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), plays a critical role in the severity of chronic inflammatory diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and ARDS. The RAGE gene is most expressed in the alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) of the pulmonary system. Several clinical trials are now being conducted to determine the possible association between the levels of soluble isoforms of RAGE (sRAGE and esRAGE) and the severity of the disease in patients with ARDS and acute lung injury (ALI). In the current article, we reviewed the most recent studies on the RAGE/ligands axis and sRAGE/esRAGE levels in acute respiratory illness, with a focus on COVID-19–associated ARDS (CARDS) patients. According to the research conducted so far, sRAGE/esRAGE measurements in patients with CARDS can be used as a powerful chemical indicator among other biomarkers for assessment of early pulmonary involvement. Furthermore, inhibiting RAGE/MAPK and Angiotensin II receptor type 1 (ATR1) in CARDS patients can be a powerful strategy for diminishing cytokine storm and severe respiratory symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Salehi
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Shahin Amiri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dariush Ilghari
- Midland Memorial Hospital, 400 Rosalind Redfern Grover Pkwy, Midland, TX 79701 USA
| | | | - Hossein Piri
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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7
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Kinscherf NA, Pehar M. Role and Therapeutic Potential of RAGE Signaling in Neurodegeneration. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:1191-1209. [PMID: 35702767 PMCID: PMC9589927 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220610171005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) has been shown to play an active role in the development of multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Although originally identified as a receptor for advanced glycation end products, RAGE is a pattern recognition receptor able to bind multiple ligands. The final outcome of RAGE signaling is defined in a context and cell type specific manner and can exert both neurotoxic and neuroprotective functions. Contributing to the complexity of the RAGE signaling network, different RAGE isoforms with distinctive signaling capabilities have been described. Moreover, multiple RAGE ligands bind other receptors and RAGE antagonism can significantly affect their signaling. Here, we discuss the outcome of celltype specific RAGE signaling in neurodegenerative pathologies. In addition, we will review the different approaches that have been developed to target RAGE signaling and their therapeutic potential. A clear understanding of the outcome of RAGE signaling in a cell type- and disease-specific manner would contribute to advancing the development of new therapies targeting RAGE. The ability to counteract RAGE neurotoxic signaling while preserving its neuroprotective effects would be critical for the success of novel therapies targeting RAGE signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Alexander Kinscherf
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mariana Pehar
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Madison, WI, USA
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8
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Molecular Characteristics of RAGE and Advances in Small-Molecule Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136904. [PMID: 34199060 PMCID: PMC8268101 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. RAGE binds and mediates cellular responses to a range of DAMPs (damage-associated molecular pattern molecules), such as AGEs, HMGB1, and S100/calgranulins, and as an innate immune sensor, can recognize microbial PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules), including bacterial LPS, bacterial DNA, and viral and parasitic proteins. RAGE and its ligands stimulate the activations of diverse pathways, such as p38MAPK, ERK1/2, Cdc42/Rac, and JNK, and trigger cascades of diverse signaling events that are involved in a wide spectrum of diseases, including diabetes mellitus, inflammatory, vascular and neurodegenerative diseases, atherothrombosis, and cancer. Thus, the targeted inhibition of RAGE or its ligands is considered an important strategy for the treatment of cancer and chronic inflammatory diseases.
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9
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Moysa A, Steczkiewicz K, Niedzialek D, Hammerschmid D, Zhukova L, Sobott F, Dadlez M. A model of full-length RAGE in complex with S100B. Structure 2021; 29:989-1002.e6. [PMID: 33887170 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is an immunoglobulin-type multiligand transmembrane protein expressed in numerous cell types, including the central nervous system cells. RAGE interaction with S100B, released during brain tissue damage, leads to RAGE upregulation and initialization of a spiral proinflammatory associated with different neural disorders. Here, we present the structural characterization of the hetero-oligomeric complex of the full-length RAGE with S100B, obtained by a combination of mass spectrometry-based methods and molecular modeling. We predict that RAGE functions as a tightly packed tetramer exposing a positively charged surface formed by V domains for S100B binding. Based on HDX results we demonstrate an allosteric coupling of the distal extracellular V domains and the transmembrane region, indicating a possible mechanism of signal transmission by RAGE across the membrane. Our model provides an insight into RAGE-ligand interactions, providing a basis for the rational design of the therapeutic modifiers of its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Moysa
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Kamil Steczkiewicz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dorota Niedzialek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dietmar Hammerschmid
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, 7 Trinity Street, SE1 1DB London, UK; Department of Chemistry, Biomolecular & Analytical Mass Spectrometry Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lilia Zhukova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Frank Sobott
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, LS2 9JT Leeds, UK; Department of Chemistry, Biomolecular & Analytical Mass Spectrometry Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michal Dadlez
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
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10
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Divalent cations influence the dimerization mode of murine S100A9 protein by modulating its disulfide bond pattern. J Struct Biol 2020; 213:107689. [PMID: 33359632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
S100A9, with its congener S100A8, belongs to the S100 family of calcium-binding proteins found exclusively in vertebrates. These two proteins are major constituents of neutrophils. In response to a pathological condition, they can be released extracellularly and become alarmins that induce both pro- and anti-inflammatory signals, through specific cell surface receptors. They also act as antimicrobial agents, mainly as a S100A8/A9 heterocomplex, through metal sequestration. The mechanisms whereby divalent cations modulate the extracellular functions of S100A8 and S100A9 are still unclear. Importantly, it has been proposed that these ions may affect both the ternary and quaternary structure of these proteins, thereby influencing their physiological properties. In the present study, we report the crystal structures of WT and C80A murine S100A9 (mS100A9), determined at 1.45 and 2.35 Å resolution, respectively, in the presence of calcium and zinc. These structures reveal a canonical homodimeric form for the protein. They also unravel an intramolecular disulfide bridge that stabilizes the C-terminal tail in a rigid conformation, thus shaping a second Zn-binding site per S100A9 protomer. In solution, mS100A9 apparently binds only two zinc ions per homodimer, with an affinity in the micromolar range, and aggregates in the presence of excess zinc. Using mass spectrometry, we demonstrate that mS100A9 can form both non-covalent and covalent homodimers with distinct disulfide bond patterns. Interestingly, calcium and zinc seem to affect differentially the relative proportion of these forms. We discuss how the metal-dependent interconversion between mS100A9 homodimers may explain the versatility of physiological functions attributed to the protein.
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11
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RAGE Signaling in Melanoma Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238989. [PMID: 33256110 PMCID: PMC7730603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent progresses in its treatment, malignant cutaneous melanoma remains a cancer with very poor prognosis. Emerging evidences suggest that the receptor for advance glycation end products (RAGE) plays a key role in melanoma progression through its activation in both cancer and stromal cells. In tumors, RAGE activation is fueled by numerous ligands, S100B and HMGB1 being the most notable, but the role of many other ligands is not well understood and should not be underappreciated. Here, we provide a review of the current role of RAGE in melanoma and conclude that targeting RAGE in melanoma could be an approach to improve the outcomes of melanoma patients.
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12
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Groeneweg S, van den Berge A, Lima de Souza EC, Meima ME, Peeters RP, Visser WE. Insights Into the Mechanism of MCT8 Oligomerization. J Endocr Soc 2020; 4:bvaa080. [PMID: 32724870 PMCID: PMC7375341 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the thyroid hormone transporter monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) result in MCT8 deficiency, characterized by severe intellectual and motor disability. The MCT8 protein is predicted to have 12 transmembrane domains (TMDs) and is expressed as monomers, homodimers, and homo-oligomers. This study aimed to delineate the mechanism of MCT8 oligomerization. Coimmunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that lithium dodecyl sulfate effectively disrupts MCT8 protein complexes, indicating the involvement of non-covalent interactions. Successive C-terminal truncations of the MCT8 protein altered the oligomerization pattern only if introduced in the N-terminal half of the protein (TMD1-6). The truncation at extracellular loop 1 (E206X) still allowed homodimerization, but completely abrogated homo-oligomerization, whereas both were preserved by the C231X mutant (at TMD2), suggesting that the minimally required oligomerization sites are located proximal of Cys231. However, mutant constructs lacking the intracellular N-terminus or TMD1 and 2 were still capable to form homo-oligomers. Therefore, other domains distal of Cys231 are also likely to be involved in the formation of extensive multidomain interactions. This hypothesis was supported by structural modeling. Despite multiple approaches, MCT8 oligomerization could not be fully abrogated unless a substantial part of the protein was removed, precluding detailed studies into its functional role. Together, our findings suggest that MCT8 oligomerization involves extensive noncovalent interactions between the N-terminal halves of MCT8 proteins. Most mutations identified in patients with MCT8 deficiency have only minor effects on MCT8 oligomerization and, thus, impaired oligomerization does not appear to be an important pathogenic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Groeneweg
- Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Amanda van den Berge
- Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elaine C Lima de Souza
- Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel E Meima
- Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robin P Peeters
- Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W Edward Visser
- Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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13
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Tramarin A, Naldi M, Degani G, Lupu L, Wiegand P, Mazzolari A, Altomare A, Aldini G, Popolo L, Vistoli G, Przybylski M, Bartolini M. Unveiling the molecular mechanisms underpinning biorecognition of early-glycated human serum albumin and receptor for advanced glycation end products. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:4245-4259. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02674-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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Enhanced oligomerization of full-length RAGE by synergy of the interaction of its domains. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20332. [PMID: 31889156 PMCID: PMC6937306 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56993-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The pattern recognition receptor RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end-products) transmits proinflammatory signals in several inflammation-related pathological states, including vascular diseases, cancer, neurodegeneration and diabetes. Its oligomerization is believed to be important in signal transduction, but RAGE oligomeric structures and stoichiometries remain unclear. Different oligomerization modes have been proposed in studies involving different truncated versions of the extracellular parts of RAGE. Here, we provide basic characterization of the oligomerization patterns of full-length RAGE (including the transmembrane (TM) and cytosolic regions) and compare the results with oligomerization modes of its four truncated fragments. For this purpose, we used native mass spectrometry, analytical ultracentrifugation, and size-exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle light scattering. Our results confirm known oligomerization tendencies of separate domains and highlight the enhanced oligomerization properties of full-length RAGE. Mutational analyses within the GxxxG motif of the TM region show sensitivity of oligomeric distributions to the TM sequence. Using hydrogen–deuterium exchange, we mapped regions involved in TM-dependent RAGE oligomerization. Our data provide experimental evidence for the major role of the C2 and TM domains in oligomerization, underscoring synergy among different oligomerization contact regions along the RAGE sequence. These results also explain the variability of obtained oligomerization modes in RAGE fragments.
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Pedelacq JD, Cabantous S. Development and Applications of Superfolder and Split Fluorescent Protein Detection Systems in Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143479. [PMID: 31311175 PMCID: PMC6678664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular engineering of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) into a robust and stable variant named Superfolder GFP (sfGFP) has revolutionized the field of biosensor development and the use of fluorescent markers in diverse area of biology. sfGFP-based self-associating bipartite split-FP systems have been widely exploited to monitor soluble expression in vitro, localization, and trafficking of proteins in cellulo. A more recent class of split-FP variants, named « tripartite » split-FP, that rely on the self-assembly of three GFP fragments, is particularly well suited for the detection of protein–protein interactions. In this review, we describe the different steps and evolutions that have led to the diversification of superfolder and split-FP reporter systems, and we report an update of their applications in various areas of biology, from structural biology to cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Denis Pedelacq
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31077 Toulouse, France.
| | - Stéphanie Cabantous
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, CNRS, 31037 Toulouse, France.
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Zamoon J, Madhu D, Ahmed I. Dynamic oligomerization of hRAGE's transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains within SDS micelles. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 130:10-18. [PMID: 30794903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The human Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (hRAGE) is a pattern recognition receptor implicated in inflammation and adhesion. It is involved in both innate and adaptive immunity. Its aberrant signaling is tied to the pathogenesis of diabetic complications, neurodegenerative disorders, and chronic inflammatory responses. Previous structural studies have focused on its extracellular domains with their canonical constant and variable Ig folds, and to a much lesser extent, the intrinsically disorder cytoplasmic domain. No experimental data are reported on the transmembrane domain, which is integral to signaling. We have constructed, expressed and purified the transmembrane domain attached to the cytoplasmic domain of hRAGE in E. coli. Multiple self-associated forms of these domains were observed in vitro. This pattern of mixed oligomers resembled previously reported in vivo forms of the complete receptor. The self-association of these two domains was further characterized using: SDS-PAGE, intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence and heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy. NMR conditions were assessed across time and temperature within micelles. Our data show that the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of hRAGE undergo dynamic oligomerizations that can occur in the absence of its extracellular domains or ligand binding. And, such associations are only partially disrupted even with prolonged incubation in strong detergents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamillah Zamoon
- Department of Biological Sciences (Biochemistry Program), Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, 13060, Kuwait.
| | - Dhanya Madhu
- Department of Biological Sciences (Biochemistry Program), Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, 13060, Kuwait
| | - Ikhlas Ahmed
- Department of Biological Sciences (Biochemistry Program), Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, 13060, Kuwait
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Lobo M, Balouz V, Melli L, Carlevaro G, Cortina ME, Cámara MDLM, Cánepa GE, Carmona SJ, Altcheh J, Campetella O, Ciocchini AE, Agüero F, Mucci J, Buscaglia CA. Molecular and antigenic characterization of Trypanosoma cruzi TolT proteins. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007245. [PMID: 30870417 PMCID: PMC6435186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background TolT was originally described as a Trypanosoma cruzi molecule that accumulated on the trypomastigote flagellum bearing similarity to bacterial TolA colicins receptors. Preliminary biochemical studies indicated that TolT resolved in SDS-PAGE as ~3–5 different bands with sizes between 34 and 45 kDa, and that this heterogeneity could be ascribed to differences in polypeptide glycosylation. However, the recurrent identification of TolT-deduced peptides, and variations thereof, in trypomastigote proteomic surveys suggested an intrinsic TolT complexity, and prompted us to undertake a thorough reassessment of this antigen. Methods/Principle findings Genome mining exercises showed that TolT constitutes a larger-than-expected family of genes, with at least 12 polymorphic members in the T. cruzi CL Brener reference strain and homologs in different trypanosomes. According to structural features, TolT deduced proteins could be split into three robust groups, termed TolT-A, TolT-B, and TolT-C, all of them showing marginal sequence similarity to bacterial TolA proteins and canonical signatures of surface localization/membrane association, most of which were herein experimentally validated. Further biochemical and microscopy-based characterizations indicated that this grouping may have a functional correlate, as TolT-A, TolT-B and TolT-C molecules showed differences in their expression profile, sub-cellular distribution, post-translational modification(s) and antigenic structure. We finally used a recently developed fluorescence magnetic beads immunoassay to validate a recombinant protein spanning the central and mature region of a TolT-B deduced molecule for Chagas disease serodiagnosis. Conclusion/Significance This study unveiled an unexpected genetic and biochemical complexity within the TolT family, which could be exploited for the development of novel T. cruzi biomarkers with diagnostic/therapeutic applications. Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is a lifelong and debilitating neglected illness of major significance in Latin America, for which no vaccine or adequate drugs are yet available. Identification of novel biomarkers able to transcend the current limits of diagnostic and/or therapeutic assessment methods hence surfaces as a main priority in Chagas disease applied research. In this framework, we herein undertook a thorough biochemical and antigenic characterization of T. cruzi TolT surface antigens. Our results unveil an unexpected complexity within this family, with at least 12 polymorphic TolT genes in the T. cruzi CL Brener reference strain genome. According to structural features, TolT deduced molecules could be split into three robust groups that show differences in their structural features, expression profile, sub-cellular distribution, post-translational modification(s) and antigenic structure. Overall, we show that TolT molecules are conspicuously expressed by both major mammal-dwelling stages of the parasite, and that they are differentially recognized by the immune system in Chagasic patients and in T. cruzi-infected mammals. Our findings are discussed in terms of the evolution and possible structural/functional roles of TolT molecules, as well as in terms of their applicability in Chagas disease serodiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Lobo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas “Dr Rodolfo Ugalde” (IIB-INTECh, Universidad Nacional de San Martín and CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Virginia Balouz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas “Dr Rodolfo Ugalde” (IIB-INTECh, Universidad Nacional de San Martín and CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciano Melli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas “Dr Rodolfo Ugalde” (IIB-INTECh, Universidad Nacional de San Martín and CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Giannina Carlevaro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas “Dr Rodolfo Ugalde” (IIB-INTECh, Universidad Nacional de San Martín and CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María E. Cortina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas “Dr Rodolfo Ugalde” (IIB-INTECh, Universidad Nacional de San Martín and CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María de los Milagros Cámara
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas “Dr Rodolfo Ugalde” (IIB-INTECh, Universidad Nacional de San Martín and CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gaspar E. Cánepa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas “Dr Rodolfo Ugalde” (IIB-INTECh, Universidad Nacional de San Martín and CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago J. Carmona
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas “Dr Rodolfo Ugalde” (IIB-INTECh, Universidad Nacional de San Martín and CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jaime Altcheh
- Servicio de Parasitología-Chagas, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oscar Campetella
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas “Dr Rodolfo Ugalde” (IIB-INTECh, Universidad Nacional de San Martín and CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés E. Ciocchini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas “Dr Rodolfo Ugalde” (IIB-INTECh, Universidad Nacional de San Martín and CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernán Agüero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas “Dr Rodolfo Ugalde” (IIB-INTECh, Universidad Nacional de San Martín and CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Mucci
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas “Dr Rodolfo Ugalde” (IIB-INTECh, Universidad Nacional de San Martín and CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail: (JM); (CAB)
| | - Carlos A. Buscaglia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas “Dr Rodolfo Ugalde” (IIB-INTECh, Universidad Nacional de San Martín and CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail: (JM); (CAB)
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Avilov SV, Aleksandrova N. Fluorescence protein complementation in microscopy: applications beyond detecting bi-molecular interactions. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2018; 7:012001. [DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/aaef01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Advanced Glycation End Products Stimulate Angiotensinogen Production in Renal Proximal Tubular Cells. Am J Med Sci 2018; 357:57-66. [PMID: 30466736 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated advanced glycation end products (AGE) in diabetes mellitus (DM) are implicated in the progression of DM-associated tissue injury, including diabetic nephropathy. The intrarenal renin-angiotensin system, in particular augmentation of angiotensinogen (AGT) in proximal tubular cells (PTC), plays a crucial role in the development of diabetic nephropathy. This study investigated hypothesis that AGE stimulates AGT production in PTC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Urinary AGT and AGE levels in streptozotocin-induced DM mice were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. AGT expression and secretion were evaluated in cultured rat PTC receiving 0-200 µg/ml AGE-BSA treatments for 24 hours. Furthermore, intracellular signaling pathways activated by AGE were elucidated. RESULTS DM mice exhibited greater urinary AGT and AGE levels compared to control mice (AGT: 21.6 ± 5.5 ng/day vs. 190.1 ± 57.8 ng/day, AGE: 139.1 ± 21.6 μg/day vs. 332.8 ± 102.7 μg/day). In cultured PTC, treatment with AGE-BSA enhanced AGT mRNA expression (3.43 ± 0.11-fold compared to control), intracellular AGT protein levels (3.60 ± 0.38-fold), and secreted AGT levels (2.11 ± 0.18-fold). On the other hand, AGT levels were not altered in PTC receiving nonglycated BSA. Recombinant soluble AGE receptor, which competes with endogenous AGE receptor, diminished the AGE-induced AGT upregulation, suggesting that AGE-BSA stimulates AGT expression via activation of the AGE receptor. Enhanced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and c-Jun, but not p38 MAP kinase, were observed in AGE-BSA-treated PTC. AGE-induced AGT augmentation was attenuated by an ERK inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that AGE enhances proximal tubular AGT expression via ERK1/2, which can exacerbate the development of diabetic related kidney injury.
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Jangde N, Ray R, Sinha S, Rana K, Singh SK, Khandagale P, Acharya N, Rai V. Cysteine mediated disulfide bond formation in RAGE V domain facilitates its functionally relevant dimerization. Biochimie 2018; 154:55-61. [PMID: 30076903 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Receptor for Advanced Glycation End product (RAGE) is a multiligand receptor implicated in diverse pathological conditions such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, cancer and neural diseases. Extracellular, RAGE consists of V, C1 and C2 domains. Here, we show RAGE exists as a monomer in equilibrium with a fraction of a covalently linked dimer of monomers via its V domain through cysteine. In order to understand the functional implication of this dimer, we examined the binding capacity and functional potential of RAGE dimer via advanced glycation end products (AGEs) which shows enhanced binding capacity towards V domain, ERK phosphorylation, cytokine release and actin polymerization ability of the dimeric form for AGEs compared with the reduced monomeric form. Our data, suggests that the dimeric state of RAGE controls its function and ligand mediated signaling which may play important role in RAGE mediated various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Jangde
- Laboratory of Vascular Immunology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Rashmi Ray
- Laboratory of Vascular Immunology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Sunita Sinha
- Laboratory of Vascular Immunology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Khokan Rana
- Laboratory of Vascular Immunology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Satyendra Kumar Singh
- Laboratory of Vascular Immunology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Prashant Khandagale
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Diseases, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Narottam Acharya
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Diseases, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Vivek Rai
- Laboratory of Vascular Immunology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India.
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Rouhiainen A, Nykänen NP, Kuja-Panula J, Vanttola P, Huttunen HJ, Rauvala H. Inhibition of Homophilic Interactions and Ligand Binding of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products by Heparin and Heparin-Related Carbohydrate Structures. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 5:E79. [PMID: 30061484 PMCID: PMC6165534 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5030079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background: Heparin and heparin-related sulphated carbohydrates inhibit ligand binding of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Here, we have studied the ability of heparin to inhibit homophilic interactions of RAGE in living cells and studied how heparin related structures interfere with RAGE⁻ligand interactions. Methods: Homophilic interactions of RAGE were studied with bead aggregation and living cell protein-fragment complementation assays. Ligand binding was analyzed with microwell binding and chromatographic assays. Cell surface advanced glycation end product binding to RAGE was studied using PC3 cell adhesion assay. Results: Homophilic binding of RAGE was mediated by V₁- and modulated by C₂-domain in bead aggregation assay. Dimerisation of RAGE on the living cell surface was inhibited by heparin. Sulphated K5 carbohydrate fragments inhibited RAGE binding to amyloid β-peptide and HMGB1. The inhibition was dependent on the level of sulfation and the length of the carbohydrate backbone. α-d-Glucopyranosiduronic acid (glycyrrhizin) inhibited RAGE binding to advanced glycation end products in PC3 cell adhesion and protein binding assays. Further, glycyrrhizin inhibited HMGB1 and HMGB1 A-box binding to heparin. Conclusions: Our results show that K5 polysaccharides and glycyrrhizin are promising candidates for RAGE targeting drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Rouhiainen
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Niko-Petteri Nykänen
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), D-81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Juha Kuja-Panula
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Päivi Vanttola
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Henri J Huttunen
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Heikki Rauvala
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Three cysteine residues of SLC52A1, a receptor for the porcine endogenous retrovirus-A (PERV-A), play a critical role in cell surface expression and infectivity. Virology 2017; 507:140-150. [PMID: 28437635 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Porcine endogenous retrovirus-A (PERV-A), a gammaretrovirus, infects human cells in vitro, thus raising the potential risk of cross-species transmission in xenotransplantation. Two members of the solute carrier family 52 (SLC52A1 and SLC52A2) are PERV-A receptors. Site-directed mutagenesis of the cDNA encoding SLC52A1 identified that only one of two putative glycosylation signals is occupied by glycans. In addition, we showed that glycosylation of SLC52A1 is not necessary for PERV-A receptor function. We also identified that at a minimum, three cysteine residues are sufficient for SLC52A1 cell surface expression. Mutation of cysteine at position 365 and either of the two cysteine residues in the C-terminal tail at positions 442 or 446 reduced SLC52A1 surface expression and PERV-A infection suggesting that these residues may contribute to overall structural stability and receptor function. Understanding interactions between PERV-A and its cellular receptor may provide novel strategies to prevent zoonotic infection in the setting of xenotransplantation.
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Zhou H, Ding L, Wu Z, Cao X, Zhang Q, Lin L, Bian JS. Hydrogen sulfide reduces RAGE toxicity through inhibition of its dimer formation. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 104:262-271. [PMID: 28108276 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RAGE is important in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of hydrogen sulfide (H2S, an endogenous gaseous mediator) on the cytotoxicity caused by RAGE activation during the chronic oxidative stress. Aβ1-42 decreased cell viability and induced cell senescence in SH-SY5Y cells. Treatment with advanced glycation end products (AGEs) induced cell injury in HEK293 cells stably expressing RAGE (HEK293-RAGE) and stimulated inflammatory responses in SH-SY5Y cells. Pretreatment of SH-SY5Y cells with an H2S donor, NaHS, significantly attenuated the above harmful effects caused by Aβ1-42 or AGEs. Western blotting analysis shows that oxidative stress enhanced RAGE protein expression which was attenuated by either NaHS or over-expression of cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), a critical enzyme for producing H2S in brain cells. Both Western blots and split GFP complementation analysis demonstrate that NaHS reduced H2O2-enhanced RAGE dimerization. Immunofluorescence analysis shows that H2O2 up-regulated the membrane expression of wild-type RAGE. However, H2O2-enhanced expression of the RAGE harboring C259S/C310S double mutation (DM-RAGE) was observed in the endoplasmic reticulum. Treatment with NaHS attenuated the effects of H2O2 on the protein expression of WT-RAGE, but not that of DM-RAGE. Cycloheximide chase and ubiquitination assays show that NaHS reduced the half-life of WT-RAGE to a similar level of DM-RAGE. S-sulfhydration assay with the tag-switch technique demonstrate that H2S may directly S-sulfhydrate the C259/C301 residues. Our data suggest that H2S reduces RAGE dimer formation and impairs its membrane stability. The lowered plasma membrane abundance of RAGE therefore helps to protect cells against various RAGE mediated pathological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600 Singapore, Singapore; Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qichun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Lin
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jin-Song Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600 Singapore, Singapore; Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Yatime L, Betzer C, Jensen R, Mortensen S, Jensen P, Andersen G. The Structure of the RAGE:S100A6 Complex Reveals a Unique Mode of Homodimerization for S100 Proteins. Structure 2016; 24:2043-2052. [DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Peng Y, Horwitz N, Lakatta EG, Lin L. Mouse RAGE Variant 4 Is a Dominant Membrane Receptor that Does Not Shed to Generate Soluble RAGE. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153657. [PMID: 27655067 PMCID: PMC5031407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a multi-ligand, immunoglobulin-like receptor that has been implicated in aging-associated diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that both human and murine Ager genes undergo extensive alternative splicing that generates multiple putative transcripts encoding different receptor isoforms. Except for the soluble isoform (esRAGE), the majority of putative RAGE isoforms remain unstudied. Profiling of murine Ager transcripts showed that variant transcript 4 (mRAGE_v4), the second most abundant transcript in lungs and multiple other tissues, encodes a receptor that lacks nine residues located within the C2 extracellular section close to the trans-membrane domain. We therefore characterized mRAGEV4 isoreceptor in comparison with the full-length mRAGE (mRAGEFL). Although differing in only nine residues, mRAGEFL and mRAGEV4 display very different cellular behaviors. While mRAGEFL undergoes constitutive, extensive shedding in the cell to generate sRAGE, mRAGEV4 hardly sheds. In addition, we found that while mRAGEFL can localize to both the plasma membrane and the endosome, mRAGEV4 is exclusively localized to the plasma membrane. These very different cellular localization patterns suggest that, in addition to their roles in sRAGE production, mRAGEFL and mRAGEV4 may play distinct, spatiotemporal roles in signaling and innate immune responses. Compared to mice, humans do not have the v4 transcript. Although hRAGE, like mRAGEFL, also localizes to the plasma membrane and the endosome, its rate of constitutive shedding is significantly lower. These observations provide valuable information regarding RAGE biology, and serve as a reference by which to create mouse models relating to human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqian Peng
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Naftali Horwitz
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Edward G. Lakatta
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Li Lin
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Xue J, Manigrasso M, Scalabrin M, Rai V, Reverdatto S, Burz DS, Fabris D, Schmidt AM, Shekhtman A. Change in the Molecular Dimension of a RAGE-Ligand Complex Triggers RAGE Signaling. Structure 2016; 24:1509-22. [PMID: 27524199 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The weak oligomerization exhibited by many transmembrane receptors has a profound effect on signal transduction. The phenomenon is difficult to characterize structurally due to the large sizes of and transient interactions between monomers. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), a signaling molecule central to the induction and perpetuation of inflammatory responses, is a weak constitutive oligomer. The RAGE domain interaction surfaces that mediate homo-dimerization were identified by combining segmental isotopic labeling of extracellular soluble RAGE (sRAGE) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with chemical cross-linking and mass spectrometry. Molecular modeling suggests that two sRAGE monomers orient head to head forming an asymmetric dimer with the C termini directed toward the cell membrane. Ligand-induced association of RAGE homo-dimers on the cell surface increases the molecular dimension of the receptor, recruiting Diaphanous 1 (DIAPH1) and activating signaling pathways.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/chemistry
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/chemistry
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Proteins/metabolism
- Binding Sites
- Cross-Linking Reagents/chemistry
- Formins
- Gene Expression
- Genes, Reporter
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Ligands
- Luminescent Proteins/genetics
- Luminescent Proteins/metabolism
- Maleimides/chemistry
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/chemistry
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
- Protein Binding
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Signal Transduction
- Thermodynamics
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xue
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | | | - Matteo Scalabrin
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Vivek Rai
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India
| | - Sergey Reverdatto
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - David S Burz
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Daniele Fabris
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- New York University, Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Alexander Shekhtman
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA.
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27
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Braley A, Kwak T, Jules J, Harja E, Landgraf R, Hudson BI. Regulation of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) Ectodomain Shedding and Its Role in Cell Function. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:12057-73. [PMID: 27022018 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.702399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a multiligand transmembrane receptor that can undergo proteolysis at the cell surface to release a soluble ectodomain. Here we observed that ectodomain shedding of RAGE is critical for its role in regulating signaling and cellular function. Ectodomain shedding of both human and mouse RAGE was dependent on ADAM10 activity and induced with chemical activators of shedding (ionomycin, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, and 4-aminophenylmercuric acetate) and endogenous stimuli (serum and RAGE ligands). Ectopic expression of the splice variant of RAGE (RAGE splice variant 4), which is resistant to ectodomain shedding, inhibited RAGE ligand dependent cell signaling, actin cytoskeleton reorganization, cell spreading, and cell migration. We found that blockade of RAGE ligand signaling with soluble RAGE or inhibitors of MAPK or PI3K blocked RAGE-dependent cell migration but did not affect RAGE splice variant 4 cell migration. We finally demonstrated that RAGE function is dependent on secretase activity as ADAM10 and γ-secretase inhibitors blocked RAGE ligand-mediated cell migration. Together, our data suggest that proteolysis of RAGE is critical to mediate signaling and cell function and may therefore emerge as a novel therapeutic target for RAGE-dependent disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Braley
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Taekyoung Kwak
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Joel Jules
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Evis Harja
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Ralf Landgraf
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Barry I Hudson
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
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28
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Wu X, Wu J, Thompson CW, Li Y. Adaptive evolution of the MHC class III-encoded receptor RAGE in primates and murine rodents. Int J Immunogenet 2015; 42:461-8. [DOI: 10.1111/iji.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X. Wu
- Department of Nephrology; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - J. Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Sichuan Agricultural University; Yaan China
| | - C. W. Thompson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Zoology; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Y. Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Sichuan Agricultural University; Yaan China
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29
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RAGE overexpression confers a metastatic phenotype to the WM115 human primary melanoma cell line. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:1017-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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30
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Popa I, Ganea E, Petrescu SM. Expression and subcellular localization of RAGE in melanoma cells. Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 92:127-36. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2013-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is involved in multiple stages of tumor development and malignization. To gain further knowledge on the RAGE role in tumor progression, we investigated the receptor expression profile and its subcellular localization in melanoma cells at different stages of malignancy. We found that RAGE clustered at membrane ruffles and leading edges, and at sites of cell-to-cell contact in primary melanoma cells (e.g., MelJuSo), in contrast with a more dispersed localization in metastatic cells (e.g., SK-Mel28). RAGE silencing by RNAi selectively inhibited migration of MelJuSo cells, whilst having no influence on SK-Mel28 cell migration, in a “wound healing” assay. Western blot detection of RAGE showed a more complex RAGE oligomerization in MelJuSo cells compared to melanocytes and SK-Mel28 cells. By competing the binding of antibodies with recombinant soluble RAGE, an oligomeric form running at approximately 200 kDa was detected, as it was the monomeric RAGE of 55–60 kDa. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis under reducing versus nonreducing conditions indicated that the oligomer of about 200 kDa is formed by disulfide bonds, but other interactions are likely to be important for RAGE multimerization in melanoma cells. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that treatment with two cholesterol-chelating drugs, nystatin and filipin, significantly affected RAGE localization in MelJuSo cells. SK-Mel28 cells showed a reduced RAGE glycosylation and association with cholesterol-rich membranes and also a considerable downregulation of the soluble forms. Our results indicate that RAGE isoform expression and subcellular localization could be important determinants for the regulation of its function in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Popa
- Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei 296, Bucharest 060031, Romania
| | - Elena Ganea
- Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei 296, Bucharest 060031, Romania
| | - Stefana M. Petrescu
- Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei 296, Bucharest 060031, Romania
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31
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Wei W, Kim JM, Medina D, Lakatta EG, Lin L. GeneOptimizer program-assisted cDNA reengineering enhances sRAGE autologous expression in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Protein Expr Purif 2013; 95:143-8. [PMID: 24373844 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) is a secreted mammalian protein that functions as a decoy to counter-react RAGE signaling-resultant pathological conditions, and has high therapeutic potentials. Our prior studies showed that recombinant human sRAGE expressed in Chinese hamster, Ceanothus griseus, ovary (CHO) cells is modified by specific N-glycosylation, and exhibits higher bioactivity than that expressed in other host systems including insect Spodoptera frugiperda cells. Here, we show that GeneOptimizer software program-assisted, reengineered sRAGE cDNA enhances the recombinant protein expression in CHO cells. The cDNA sequence encoding human sRAGE was optimized for RNA structure, stability, and codon usages in CHO cells. We found that such optimization augmented sRAGE expression over 2 folds of its wild-type counterpart. We also studied how individual parameter impacted sRAGE autologous expression in CHO cells, and whether sRAGE bioactivity was compromised. We found that the enhanced expression appeared not to affect sRAGE N-glycosylation and bioactivity. Optimization of sRAGE expression provides a basis for future large-scale production of this protein to meet medical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wei
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Ji Min Kim
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Danny Medina
- GeneArt Division, Life Technologies-Invitrogen Inc., 5823 Newton Drive, Carlsbad, CA 92008, United States
| | - Edward G Lakatta
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Li Lin
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
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32
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Tae HJ, Kim JM, Park S, Tomiya N, Li G, Wei W, Petrashevskaya N, Ahmet I, Pang J, Cruschwitz S, Riebe RA, Zhang Y, Morrell CH, Browe D, Lee YC, Xiao RP, Talan MI, Lakatta EG, Lin L. The N-glycoform of sRAGE is the key determinant for its therapeutic efficacy to attenuate injury-elicited arterial inflammation and neointimal growth. J Mol Med (Berl) 2013; 91:1369-81. [PMID: 24132651 PMCID: PMC3846495 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-013-1091-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Signaling of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) has been implicated in the development of injury-elicited vascular complications. Soluble RAGE (sRAGE) acts as a decoy of RAGE and has been used to treat pathological vascular conditions in animal models. However, previous studies used a high dose of sRAGE produced in insect Sf9 cells (sRAGE(Sf9))and multiple injections to achieve the therapeutic outcome. Here, we explore whether modulation of sRAGE N-glycoform impacts its bioactivity and augments its therapeutic efficacy. We first profiled carbohydrate components of sRAGE produced in Chinese hamster Ovary cells (sRAGE(CHO)) to show that a majority of its N-glycans belong to sialylated complex types that are not shared by sRAGE(Sf9). In cell-based NF-κB activation and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration assays, sRAGE(CHO) exhibited a significantly higher bioactivity relative to sRAGE(Sf9) to inhibit RAGE alarmin ligand-induced NF-κB activation and VSMC migration. We next studied whether this N-glycoform-associated bioactivity of sRAGE(CHO) is translated to higher in vivo therapeutic efficacy in a rat carotid artery balloon injury model. Consistent with the observed higher bioactivity in cell assays, sRAGE(CHO) significantly reduced injury-induced neointimal growth and the expression of inflammatory markers in injured vasculature. Specifically, a single dose of 3 ng/g of sRAGE(CHO) reduced neointimal hyperplasia by over 70%, whereas the same dose of sRAGE(Sf9) showed no effect. The administered sRAGE(CHO) is rapidly and specifically recruited to the injured arterial locus, suggesting that early intervention of arterial injury with sRAGE(CHO) may offset an inflammatory circuit and reduce the ensuing tissue remodeling. Our findings showed that the N-glycoform of sRAGE is the key determinant underlying its bioactivity and thus is an important glycobioengineering target to develop a highly potent therapeutic sRAGE for future clinical applications. KEY MESSAGE The specific N-glycoform modification is the key underlying sRAGE bioactivity Markedly reduced sRAGE dose to attenuate neointimal hyperplasia and inflammation Provide a molecular target for glycobioengineering of sRAGE as a therapeutic protein Blocking RAGE alarmin ligands during acute injury phase offsets neointimal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jin Tae
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon, Korea
| | - Ji Min Kim
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Sungha Park
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Noboru Tomiya
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Geng Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Wei
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Natalia Petrashevskaya
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Ismayil Ahmet
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - John Pang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Stefanie Cruschwitz
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Rebecca A. Riebe
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Yinghua Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Christopher H. Morrell
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Loyola University, Baltimore, Maryland, the United States
| | - David Browe
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Yuan Chuan Lee
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Rui-ping Xiao
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Mark I. Talan
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Edward G. Lakatta
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Li Lin
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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33
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Jules J, Maiguel D, Hudson BI. Alternative splicing of the RAGE cytoplasmic domain regulates cell signaling and function. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78267. [PMID: 24260107 PMCID: PMC3832623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-products (RAGE) is a multi-ligand receptor present on most cell types. Upregulation of RAGE is seen in a number of pathological states including, inflammatory and vascular disease, dementia, diabetes and various cancers. We previously demonstrated that alternative splicing of the RAGE gene is an important mechanism which regulates RAGE signaling through the production of soluble ligand decoy isoforms. However, no studies have identified any alternative splice variants within the intracellular region of RAGE, a region critical for RAGE signaling. Herein, we have cloned and characterized a novel splice variant of RAGE that has a truncated intracellular domain (RAGEΔICD). RAGEΔICD is prevalent in both human and mouse tissues including lung, brain, heart and kidney. Expression of RAGEΔICD in C6 glioma cells impaired RAGE-ligand induced signaling through various MAP kinase pathways including ERK1/2, p38 and SAPK/JNK. Moreover, RAGEΔICD significantly affected tumor cell properties through altering cell migration, invasion, adhesion and viability in C6 glioma cells. Furthermore, C6 glioma cells expressing RAGEΔICD exhibited drastic inhibition on tumorigenesis in soft agar assays. Taken together, these data indicate that RAGEΔICD represents a novel endogenous mechanism to regulate RAGE signaling. Significantly, RAGEΔICD could play an important role in RAGE related disease states through down regulation of RAGE signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Jules
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Dony Maiguel
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Barry I. Hudson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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34
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Yatime L, Andersen GR. Structural insights into the oligomerization mode of the human receptor for advanced glycation end-products. FEBS J 2013; 280:6556-68. [PMID: 24119142 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is a pattern recognition receptor sensing endogenous stress signals associated with the development of various diseases, including diabetes, vascular complications, Alzheimer's disease and cancer. RAGE ligands include advanced glycation end-products, S100 proteins, high mobility group box 1 protein and amyloid β-peptides/fibrils. Their signalling through RAGE induces a sustained inflammation that accentuates tissue damage, thereby participating in disease progression. Receptor oligomerization appears to be a crucial parameter for the formation of active signalling complexes, although the precise mode of oligomerization remains unclear in the context of these various ligands. In the present study, we report the first crystal structure of the VC1C2 fragment of the RAGE ectodomain. This structure provides the first description of the C2 domain in the context of the entire ectodomain and supports the observation of its conformational freedom relative to the rigid VC1 domain tandem. In addition, we have obtained a new crystal structure of the RAGE VC1 fragment. The packing in both crystal structures reveals an association of the RAGE molecules through contacts between two V domains and the physiological relevance of this homodimerization mode is discussed. Based on homology with single-pass transmembrane receptors, we also suggest RAGE dimerization through a conserved GxxxG motif within its transmembrane domain. A multimodal homodimerization strategy of RAGE is proposed to form the structural basis for ligand-specific complex formation and signalling functions, as well as for RAGE-mediated cell adhesion. STRUCTURED DIGITAL ABSTRACT hRAGE_VC1C2 and hRAGE_VC1C2 bind by x-ray crystallography (View interaction) hRAGE_VC1 and hRAGE_VC1 bind by x-ray crystallography (View interaction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Yatime
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Denmark
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