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Alsobaie S, Alageel AA, Ishfaq T, Ali Khan I, Alharbi KK. Examining the Genetic Role of rs8192675 Variant in Saudi Women Diagnosed with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3214. [PMID: 37892034 PMCID: PMC10606196 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13203214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome is a complex disorder defined by the Rotterdam criteria. Insulin resistance is a common factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus among women with PCOS. The SLC2A2 gene has been identified as a T2DM gene by genome-wide association studies in the rs8192675 SNP. This study aimed to investigate the rs8192675 SNP in women diagnosed with PCOS on a molecular level and further for T2DM development in the Saudi women. In this case-control study, 100 PCOS women and 100 healthy controls were selected. Among 100 PCOS women, 28 women showed T2DM development. Genotyping for rs8192675 SNP was performed by PCR-RFLP analysis. Additionally, Sanger sequencing was performed to validate the RFLP analysis. The obtained data were used for a statistical analysis for the genotype and allele frequencies, logistic regression, and ANOVA analysis. The clinical data confirmed the positive association between FBG, FI, FSH, TT, TC, HDLc, LDLc, and family histories (p < 0.05). HWE analysis was associated in both the PCOS cases and the control individuals. Genotype and allele frequencies were associated in PCOS women and strongly associated with women with PCOS who developed T2DM (p < 0.05). No association was found in the logistic regression model or ANOVA analysis studied in women with PCOS (p > 0.05). A strong association was observed between the rs8192675 SNP and women with PCOS who developed T2DM using ANOVA analysis (p < 0.05). This study confirms that the rs8192675 SNP is associated with women with PCOS and strongly associated with women with PCOS with developed T2DM in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Alsobaie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (A.A.A.); (K.K.A.)
| | - Arwa A. Alageel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (A.A.A.); (K.K.A.)
| | - Tahira Ishfaq
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Imran Ali Khan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (A.A.A.); (K.K.A.)
| | - Khalid Khalaf Alharbi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (A.A.A.); (K.K.A.)
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2
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Mota-Zamorano S, González LM, Robles NR, Valdivielso JM, Arévalo-Lorido JC, López-Gómez J, Gervasini G. Polymorphisms in glucose homeostasis genes are associated with cardiovascular and renal parameters in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Ann Med 2022; 54:3039-3051. [PMID: 36314849 PMCID: PMC9635471 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2138531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) has become the major cause of end-stage kidney disease and is associated to an extremely high cardiovascular (CV) risk. METHODS We screened 318 DN patients for 23 SNPs in four glucose transporters (SLC2A1, SLC2A2, SLC5A1 and SLC5A2) and in KCNJ11 and ABCC8, which participate in insulin secretion. Regression models were utilised to identify associations with renal parameters, atherosclerosis measurements and CV events. In addition, 506 individuals with normal renal function were also genotyped as a control group. RESULTS In the patient's cohort, common carotid intima media thickness values were higher in carriers of ABCC8 rs3758953 and rs2188966 vs. non-carriers [0.78(0.25) vs. 0.72(0.22) mm, p < 0.05 and 0.79(0.26) vs. 0.72(0.22) mm, p < 0.05], respectively. Furthermore, ABCC8 rs1799859 was linked to presence of plaque in these patients [1.89(1.03-3.46), p < 0.05]. Two variants, SLC2A2 rs8192675 and SLC5A2 rs9924771, were associated with better [OR = 0.49 (0.30-0.81), p < 0.01] and worse [OR = 1.92 (1.15-3.21), p < 0.05] CV event-free survival, respectively. With regard to renal variables, rs841848 and rs710218 in SLC2A1, as well as rs3813008 in SLC5A2, significantly altered estimated glomerular filtration rate values [carriers vs. non-carriers: 30.41(22.57) vs. 28.25(20.10), p < 0.05; 28.95(21.11) vs. 29.52(21.66), p < 0.05 and 32.03(18.06) vs. 28.14(23.06) ml/min/1.73 m2, p < 0.05]. In addition, ABCC8 rs3758947 was associated with higher albumin-to-creatinine ratios [193.5(1139.91) vs. 160(652.90) mg/g, p < 0.05]. The epistasis analysis of SNP-pairs interactions showed that ABCC8 rs3758947 interacted with several SNPs in SLC2A2 to significantly affect CV events (p < 0.01). No SNPs were associated with DN risk. CONCLUSIONS Polymorphisms in genes determining glucose homeostasis may play a relevant role in renal parameters and CV-related outcomes of DN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Mota-Zamorano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Therapeutics, Medical School, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.,RICORS2040 Renal Research Network, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luz M González
- Department of Medical and Surgical Therapeutics, Medical School, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Nicolás R Robles
- RICORS2040 Renal Research Network, Madrid, Spain.,Service of Nephrology, Badajoz University Hospital, Badajoz, Spain
| | - José M Valdivielso
- RICORS2040 Renal Research Network, Madrid, Spain.,Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, UDETMA, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Juan López-Gómez
- Service of Clinical Analyses, Badajoz University Hospital, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Guillermo Gervasini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Therapeutics, Medical School, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.,RICORS2040 Renal Research Network, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Biomarkers of Molecular and Metabolic Pathologies, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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3
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Dong M, Liu J, Liu C, Wang H, Sun W, Liu B. CRISPR/CAS9: A promising approach for the research and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Res 2022; 185:106480. [PMID: 36191879 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The development of gene-editing technology has been one of the biggest advances in biomedicine over the past two decades. Not only can it be used as a research tool to build a variety of disease models for the exploration of disease pathogenesis at the genetic level, it can also be used for prevention and treatment. This is done by intervening with the expression of target genes and carrying out precise molecular targeted therapy for diseases. The simple and flexible clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 gene-editing technology overcomes the limitations of zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs). For this reason, it has rapidly become a preferred method for gene editing. As a new gene intervention method, CRISPR/Cas9 has been widely used in the clinical treatment of tumours and rare diseases; however, its application in the field of cardiovascular diseases is currently limited. This article reviews the application of the CRISPR/Cas9 editing technology in cardiovascular disease research and treatment, and discusses the limitations and prospects of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Road, Changchun, China, 130041
| | - Jiangen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Road, Changchun, China, 130041
| | - Caixia Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Liaoning Province People's Hospital, 33 Wenyi Road, ShenYang, China, 110016
| | - He Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Road, Changchun, China, 130041
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Road, Changchun, China, 130041.
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Road, Changchun, China, 130041.
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Grudlewska-Buda K, Wiktorczyk-Kapischke N, Budzyńska A, Kwiecińska-Piróg J, Przekwas J, Kijewska A, Sabiniarz D, Gospodarek-Komkowska E, Skowron K. The Variable Nature of Vitamin C—Does It Help When Dealing with Coronavirus? Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071247. [PMID: 35883738 PMCID: PMC9312329 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still spreading worldwide. For this reason, new treatment methods are constantly being researched. Consequently, new and already-known preparations are being investigated to potentially reduce the severe course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 infection induces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute serum biomarkers in the host organism. In addition to antiviral drugs, there are other substances being used in the treatment of COVID-19, e.g., those with antioxidant properties, such as vitamin C (VC). Exciting aspects of the use of VC in antiviral therapy are its antioxidant and pro-oxidative abilities. In this review, we summarized both the positive effects of using VC in treating infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 in the light of the available research. We have tried to answer the question as to whether the use of high doses of VC brings the expected benefits in the treatment of COVID-19 and whether such treatment is the correct therapeutic choice. Each case requires individual assessment to determine whether the positives outweigh the negatives, especially in the light of populational studies concerning the genetic differentiation of genes encoding the solute carriers responsible forVC adsorption. Few data are available on the influence of VC on the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Deducing from already-published data, high-dose intravenous vitamin C (HDIVC) does not significantly lower the mortality or length of hospitalization. However, some data prove, among other things, its impact on the serum levels of inflammatory markers. Finally, the non-positive effect of VC administration is mainly neutral, but the negative effect is that it can result in urinary stones or nephropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Grudlewska-Buda
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (N.W.-K.); (A.B.); (J.K.-P.); (J.P.); (E.G.-K.)
| | - Natalia Wiktorczyk-Kapischke
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (N.W.-K.); (A.B.); (J.K.-P.); (J.P.); (E.G.-K.)
| | - Anna Budzyńska
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (N.W.-K.); (A.B.); (J.K.-P.); (J.P.); (E.G.-K.)
| | - Joanna Kwiecińska-Piróg
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (N.W.-K.); (A.B.); (J.K.-P.); (J.P.); (E.G.-K.)
| | - Jana Przekwas
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (N.W.-K.); (A.B.); (J.K.-P.); (J.P.); (E.G.-K.)
| | - Agnieszka Kijewska
- Department of Immunobiology and Environmental Biology, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | | | - Eugenia Gospodarek-Komkowska
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (N.W.-K.); (A.B.); (J.K.-P.); (J.P.); (E.G.-K.)
| | - Krzysztof Skowron
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (N.W.-K.); (A.B.); (J.K.-P.); (J.P.); (E.G.-K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-(52)-585-38-38
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Fredette NC, Malik E, Mukhtar ML, Prossnitz ER, Terada N. A hypertension patient-derived iPSC model demonstrates a role for G protein-coupled estrogen receptor in hypertension risk and development. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C825-C838. [PMID: 32783656 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00350.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is a polyfactorial disease that can manifest severe cardiovascular pathologies such as heart failure or stroke. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of HTN indicate that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) contribute to increased risk for HTN and resistance to some HTN drug regimens (Hiltunen TP et al., J Am Heart Assoc 4: e001521, 2015; Le MT et al., PLoS One 8: e52062, 2013; McDonough CW et al., J Hypertens 31: 698-704, 2013; Vandell AG et al., Hypertension 60: 957-964, 2012). However, cellular mechanistic insights of such SNPs remain largely unknown. Using a bank of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from patients with HTN and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene-editing approach, we investigated the effects of a female HTN risk-associated SNP (rs1154431) of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) (Bassuk SS, Manson JE., Clin Chem 60: 68-77, 2014) in vascular endothelial cells. Although GPER1 deletion reduced endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation in iPSC-derived endothelial cells (iECs), the polymorphism itself did not significantly affect eNOS and NO production in a comparison of isogenic hemizygous iECs expressing either normal (P16) or HTN-associated (L16) GPER. Interestingly, we demonstrate for the first time that GPER plays a role in regulation of adhesion molecule expression and monocyte adhesion to iECs. Moreover, the L16 iECs had higher expression of inflammation genes than P16 iECs, implying that the risk variant may affect carrier individuals through increased inflammatory activity. This study further indicates that iPSCs are a useful platform for exploring mechanistic insights underlying hypertension GWAS endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie C Fredette
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Experimental Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Eliyah Malik
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Experimental Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Marah L Mukhtar
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Eric R Prossnitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Naohiro Terada
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Experimental Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
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6
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Murphy R, Gamble GD, House M, Pool B, Horne A, Merriman TR, Dalbeth N. Greater insulin response to acute fructose ingestion among Māori and Pacific people compared to European people living in Aotearoa New Zealand. Intern Med J 2019; 49:196-202. [PMID: 30298971 DOI: 10.1111/imj.14135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fructose consumption has been linked with insulin resistance, obesity and diabetes, which are more prevalent in those of Māori or Pacific ethnicity compared to New Zealand European. AIM To determine whether the acute effects of fructose consumption on serum glucose, insulin, lipids and C-reactive protein differs according to body mass index (BMI) and/or ethnicity. METHODS Participants of Māori (n = 25), Pacific (n = 26) or New Zealand European (n = 25) ethnicity consumed a 64 g fructose/16 g glucose solution. Changes in lipids, glucose, insulin and C-reactive protein were analysed using mixed models for repeated measures. RESULTS After adjustment for age and gender, those with higher BMI had a higher glucose (P = 0.0064) and insulin (P = 0.0007) response than those with lower BMI. Those of Māori or Pacific ethnicity had similar glucose levels (P = 0.077) to those of New Zealand European ethnicity but higher insulin responses (P = 0.0005), which remained after additional adjustment for BMI (P = 0.001). Reported sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) intake was higher among Māori and Pacific than New Zealand European (median 1.0 vs 0.0 SSB/day P = 0.002). CONCLUSION Even after adjustment for BMI, those of Māori and Pacific ethnicity have a significantly higher insulin response to fructose than New Zealand Europeans. Higher habitual SSB intake may be a contributing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinki Murphy
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre of Biodiscovery, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Greg D Gamble
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Meaghan House
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bregina Pool
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anne Horne
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tony R Merriman
- Maurice Wilkins Centre of Biodiscovery, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Nicola Dalbeth
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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7
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Zhang J, Wallace SJ, Shiu MY, Smith I, Rhind SG, Langlois VS. Human hair follicle transcriptome profiling: a minimally invasive tool to assess molecular adaptations upon low-volume, high-intensity interval training. Physiol Rep 2017; 5. [PMID: 29212859 PMCID: PMC5727284 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High‐intensity interval training (HIIT) has become a popular fitness training approach under both civilian and military settings. Consisting of brief and intense exercise intervals, HIIT requires less time commitment yet is able to produce the consistent targeted physical adaptations as conventional endurance training. To effectively characterize and monitor HIIT‐induced cellular and molecular responses, a highly accessible yet comprehensive biomarker discovery source is desirable. Both gene differential expression (DE) and gene set (GS) analyses were conducted using hair follicle transcriptome established from pre and postexercise subjects upon a 10‐day HIIT program by RNA‐Seq, Comparing between pre and posttraining groups, differentially expressed protein coding genes were identified. To interpret the functional significance of the DE results, a comprehensive GS analysis approach featuring multiple algorithms was used to enrich gene ontology (GO) terms and KEGG pathways. The GS analysis revealed enriched themes such as energy metabolism, cell proliferation/growth/survival, muscle adaptations, and cytokine–cytokine interaction, all of which have been previously proposed as HIIT responses. Moreover, related cell signaling pathways were also measured. Specifically, G‐protein‐mediated signal transduction, phosphatidylinositide 3‐kinases (PI3K) – protein kinase B (PKB) and Janus kinase (JAK) – Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) signaling cascades were over‐represented. Additionally, the RNA‐Seq analysis also identified several HIIT‐responsive microRNAs (miRNAs) that were involved in regulating hair follicle‐specific processes, such as miR‐99a. For the first time, this study demonstrated that both existing and new biomarkers like miRNA can be explored for HIIT using the transcriptomic responses exhibited by the hair follicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah J Wallace
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Maria Y Shiu
- Defense Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ingrid Smith
- Defense Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shawn G Rhind
- Defense Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Valerie S Langlois
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Shaghaghi MA, Kloss O, Eck P. Genetic Variation in Human Vitamin C Transporter Genes in Common Complex Diseases. Adv Nutr 2016; 7:287-98. [PMID: 26980812 PMCID: PMC4785466 DOI: 10.3945/an.115.009225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate plasma, cellular, and tissue vitamin C concentrations are required for maintaining optimal health through suppression of oxidative stress and optimizing functions of certain enzymes that require vitamin C as a cofactor. Polymorphisms in the vitamin C transporter genes, compromising genes encoding sodium-dependent ascorbate transport proteins, and also genes encoding facilitative transporters of dehydroascorbic acid, are associated with plasma and tissue cellular ascorbate status and hence cellular redox balance. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the links between variations in vitamin C transporter genes and common chronic diseases. We conclude that emerging genetic knowledge has a good likelihood of defining future personalized dietary recommendations and interventions; however, further validations through biological studies as well as controlled dietary trials are required to identify predictive and actionable genetic biomarkers. We further advocate the need to consider genetic variation of vitamin C transporters in future clinical and epidemiologic studies on common complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter Eck
- Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Johnson RJ, Nakagawa T, Sanchez-Lozada LG, Shafiu M, Sundaram S, Le M, Ishimoto T, Sautin YY, Lanaspa MA. Sugar, uric acid, and the etiology of diabetes and obesity. Diabetes 2013; 62:3307-15. [PMID: 24065788 PMCID: PMC3781481 DOI: 10.2337/db12-1814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 487] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The intake of added sugars, such as from table sugar (sucrose) and high-fructose corn syrup has increased dramatically in the last hundred years and correlates closely with the rise in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. Fructose is a major component of added sugars and is distinct from other sugars in its ability to cause intracellular ATP depletion, nucleotide turnover, and the generation of uric acid. In this article, we revisit the hypothesis that it is this unique aspect of fructose metabolism that accounts for why fructose intake increases the risk for metabolic syndrome. Recent studies show that fructose-induced uric acid generation causes mitochondrial oxidative stress that stimulates fat accumulation independent of excessive caloric intake. These studies challenge the long-standing dogma that "a calorie is just a calorie" and suggest that the metabolic effects of food may matter as much as its energy content. The discovery that fructose-mediated generation of uric acid may have a causal role in diabetes and obesity provides new insights into pathogenesis and therapies for this important disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. Johnson
- Division of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
- Division of Nephrology, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Department of Veteran Affairs, Denver, Colorado
- Corresponding author: Richard J. Johnson,
| | - Takahiko Nakagawa
- Division of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
- TMK Project, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - L. Gabriela Sanchez-Lozada
- Laboratory of Renal Physiopathology and Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia I.Ch., Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Shikha Sundaram
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children’s Hospital, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Myphuong Le
- Division of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Takuji Ishimoto
- Division of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Yuri Y. Sautin
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Miguel A. Lanaspa
- Division of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
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