1
|
Occhipinti C, La Russa R, Iacoponi N, Lazzari J, Costantino A, Di Fazio N, Del Duca F, Maiese A, Fineschi V. miRNAs and Substances Abuse: Clinical and Forensic Pathological Implications: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17122. [PMID: 38069445 PMCID: PMC10707252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Substance addiction is a chronic and relapsing brain disorder characterized by compulsive seeking and continued substance use, despite adverse consequences. The high prevalence and social burden of addiction are indisputable; however, the available intervention is insufficient. The modulation of gene expression and aberrant adaptation of neural networks are attributed to the changes in brain functions under repeated exposure to addictive substances. Considerable studies have demonstrated that miRNAs are strong modulators of post-transcriptional gene expression in substance addiction. The emerging role of microRNA (miRNA) provides new insights into many biological and pathological processes in the central nervous system: their variable expression in different regions of the brain and tissues may play a key role in regulating the pathophysiological events of addiction. This work provides an overview of the current literature on miRNAs involved in addiction, evaluating their impaired expression and regulatory role in neuroadaptation and synaptic plasticity. Clinical implications of such modulatory capacities will be estimated. Specifically, it will evaluate the potential diagnostic role of miRNAs in the various stages of drug and substance addiction. Future perspectives about miRNAs as potential novel therapeutic targets for substance addiction and abuse will also be provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Occhipinti
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.O.); (N.I.); (J.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Raffaele La Russa
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Naomi Iacoponi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.O.); (N.I.); (J.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Julia Lazzari
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.O.); (N.I.); (J.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Andrea Costantino
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.O.); (N.I.); (J.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Nicola Di Fazio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome, Italy; (N.D.F.); (F.D.D.); (V.F.)
| | - Fabio Del Duca
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome, Italy; (N.D.F.); (F.D.D.); (V.F.)
| | - Aniello Maiese
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.O.); (N.I.); (J.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Vittorio Fineschi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome, Italy; (N.D.F.); (F.D.D.); (V.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
de Farias Araujo G, Medeiros RJ, Maciel-Magalhães M, Correia FV, Saggioro EM. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model to assess the effects of cocaine as a drug of abuse and its environmental implications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:28459-28479. [PMID: 36689115 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25402-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine (COC) use concerns are on the increase for both authorities and civil society. Despite this, it is important to investigate COC effects or those of its main metabolite, belzoylecgonine (BE), in consolidated aquatic model organisms, such as the zebrafish (Danio rerio). This (mini) review consists in an assessment regarding toxicological studies carried out employing zebrafish (embryos, larvae or adults) exposed to COC and/or BE indexed at the SCOPUS and Web of Science databases. Ten different endpoints were analyzed in both embryos and larvae, whereas only four were analyzed in adults. Of the 23 studies, only five investigated COC and/or BE effects following an environmental approach when exposing zebrafish, while most (18 studies) analyzed COC effects under a drug of abuse approach. Cocaine exposure was noted as altering the expression of several genes, such as those linked to COC transport proteins, dopamine receptors, SP substance production, the tachykinin system, and the tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme. BE exposure resulted in more oxidative and proteomic effects than COC in embryos. Cocaine abstinence resulted in hyperactivity associated with stereotypy in adult fish, in addition to reduced responses to visual stimuli to red light and neuronal development pattern alterations. Cocaine was noted as accumulating in zebrafish eyes, possibly due to melanin binding, and causing dose-response cardiac effects in both embryos and adults. Despite the different effects addressed by our survey, we emphasize the lack of COC and BE exposure assessments in zebrafish employing an environmental point of view.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel de Farias Araujo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Saúde Pública E Meio Ambiente, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Renata Jurema Medeiros
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade Em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Magno Maciel-Magalhães
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade Em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Fábio Veríssimo Correia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Saúde Pública E Meio Ambiente, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Pasteur, 458, Urca, 22290-250, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Enrico Mendes Saggioro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Saúde Pública E Meio Ambiente, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
- Laboratório de Avaliação E Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen J, Wang J, Zou L, Zhu S, Li K, Liao L, Ruan J, Chu H. Effects of moxibustion on miRNA-133b, Pitx3/TH, and neurotransmitters in the midbrain of rats with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. JOURNAL OF ACUPUNCTURE AND TUINA SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11726-022-1343-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
To investigate the mechanism of moxibustion in the treatment of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D), by observing the effects of moxibustion at Tianshu (ST25) and Shangjuxu (ST37) on microRNA-133b (miRNA-133b), pituitary homeobox family factor 3 (Pitx3)/tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and neurotransmitters in the brain tissue of IBS-D rats.
Methods
Healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, a moxibustion group, and a Western medicine group, with 12 rats in each group. Except for the normal group, the IBS-D rat model was established by mother-offspring separation and acetic acid enema combined with restraint stress stimulation in all the other groups. No intervention was performed in the normal and model groups. Mild moxibustion was applied to both Tianshu (ST25) and Shangjuxu (ST37) in the moxibustion group. Rifaximin was given by gavage in the Western medicine group. The physical status of rats in each group was observed at different periods. After the intervention, hematoxylineosin staining was performed to observe the histopathological morphology of rat colon; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the levels of dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NE), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in plasma, colon, and midbrain tissue of rats; the relative expression levels of miRNA-133b, Pitx3 mRNA, and TH mRNA in the midbrain tissue were measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the relative expression levels of Pitx3 and TH proteins in the midbrain tissue were measured by Western blotting and immunofluorescence.
Results
The body weights of rats among groups and at different time points were statistically different (P<0.01). The body weight of the normal group was higher than that of the other groups over time (P<0.01). After modeling, the minimum volume threshold of abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) was significantly lower (P<0.01) and the loose stool rate was significantly higher (P<0.01) in the model, moxibustion, and Western medicine groups compared with the normal group; the miRNA-133b expression in the midbrain tissue was significantly lower (P<0.01), the expression levels of Pitx3 and TH in the midbrain tissue were significantly higher (P<0.01), and the levels of DA, NE, and 5-HT in plasma, colon and midbrain tissue were significantly higher (P<0.01). After the intervention, the minimum volume threshold of AWR was significantly higher (P<0.01), the loose stool rate was significantly lower (P<0.01), the miRNA-133b expression was significantly increased (P<0.01 or P<0.05) and the expression levels of Pitx3 and TH were significantly decreased (P<0.01) in the midbrain tissue, the levels of DA, NE, and 5-HT in plasma, colon, and midbrain tissue were significantly reduced (P<0.01) in the moxibustion and Western medicine groups compared with the model group; the levels of 5-HT in the colon and midbrain tissue of the moxibustion group were significantly lower than those in the Western medicine group (P<0.05), and there was no statistical difference compared with the remaining groups (P>0.05). Linear correlation analysis showed that miRNA-133b was negatively correlated with Pitx3 (r<0, P<0.01); Pitx3 with TH, TH with DA, and NE with 5-HT were positively correlated (r>0, P<0.01).
Conclusion
Moxibustion at Tianshu (ST25) and Shangjuxu (ST37) improves diarrhea symptoms and visceral hypersensitivity in IBS-D rats. The mechanism may be related to up-regulating miRNA-133b, inhibiting Pitx3/TH, and reducing neurotransmitter expression levels in the midbrain tissue.
Collapse
|
4
|
Demery-Poulos C, Chambers JM. Identification, conservation, and expression of tiered pharmacogenes in zebrafish. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273582. [PMID: 36040978 PMCID: PMC9426904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of adverse drug events in the United States is critically high, with annual rates exceeding 1 million cases over the last nine years. One cause of adverse drug events is the underlying genetic variation that can alter drug responses. Pharmacogenomics is a growing field that seeks to better understand the relationship between a patient’s genetics and drug efficacy. Currently, pharmacogenomics relies largely on human trials, as there is not a well-developed animal model for studying preventative measures and alternative treatments. Here, we analyzed pharmacogene expression at two developmental time points in zebrafish to demonstrate the potential of using this model organism for high-throughput pharmacogenomics research. We found that 76% of tiered human pharmacogenes have a zebrafish ortholog, and of these, many have highly conserved amino acid sequences. Additional gene ontology analysis was used to classify pharmacogenes and identify candidate pathways for future modeling in zebrafish. As precision medicine burgeons, adopting a high-throughput in vivo model such as the zebrafish could greatly increase our understanding of the molecular pathology underlying adverse drug events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Demery-Poulos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Natural and Health Sciences, Manchester University, Fort Wayne, Indiana, United States
| | - Joseph M. Chambers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Natural and Health Sciences, Manchester University, Fort Wayne, Indiana, United States
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao Y, Qin F, Han S, Li S, Zhao Y, Wang H, Tian J, Cen X. MicroRNAs in drug addiction: Current status and future perspectives. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 236:108215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
6
|
Gundlach M, Di Paolo C, Chen Q, Majewski K, Haigis AC, Werner I, Hollert H. Clozapine modulation of zebrafish swimming behavior and gene expression as a case study to investigate effects of atypical drugs on aquatic organisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 815:152621. [PMID: 34968598 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mental illnesses affect more than 150 million people in Europe and lead to an increasing consumption of neuroactive drugs during the last twenty years. The antipsychotic compound, clozapine, is one of the most used psychotropic drugs worldwide, with potentially negative consequences for the aquatic environment. Hence, the objectives of the study presented here were the quantification of clozapine induced changes in swimming behavior of exposed Danio rerio embryos and the elucidation of the molecular effects on the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems. Yolk-sac larvae were exposed to different concentrations (0.2 mg/L, 0.4 mg/L, 0.8 mg/L, 1.6 mg/L, 3.2 mg/L and 6.4 mg/L) of clozapine for 116 h post-fertilization, and changes in the swimming behavior of the larvae were assessed. Further, quantitative real-time PCR was performed to analyze the expression of selected genes. The qualitative evaluation of changes in the swimming behavior of D. rerio larvae revealed a significant decrease of the average swimming distance and velocity in the light-dark transition test, with more than a 36% reduction at the highest exposure concentration of 6.4 mg/L. Furthermore, the total larval body length was reduced at the highest concentration. An in-depth analysis based on expression of selected target genes of the serotonin (slc6a4a) and dopamine (drd2a) system showed an upregulation at a concentration of 1.6 mg/L and above. In addition, a lower increase in expression was detected for biomarkers of general stress (adra1a and cyp1a2). Our data show that exposure to clozapine during development inhibits swimming activity of zebrafish larvae, which could, in part, be due to disruption of the serotonin- and dopamine system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gundlach
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Carolina Di Paolo
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Qiqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Kendra Majewski
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ann-Cathrin Haigis
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Inge Werner
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology, Überlandstrasse 131, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The development of behavioral sensitization induced by a single morphine exposure in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 113:110456. [PMID: 34662694 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggest that behavioral sensitization is involved in the process of drug addiction. Zebrafish are sensitive to a variety of addictive drugs and are thus suitable for the study of behavioral sensitization. However, in contrast to mature rodent models of behavioral sensitization, how this phenomenon manifests in aquatic organisms, especially zebrafish, is largely unknown. In this study, we developed a morphine-induced behavioral sensitization adult zebrafish model and performed a preliminary investigation of the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Behavioral sensitization was established in zebrafish by observing their behavior after treatment and challenge with morphine. The effect of morphine was evaluated by a behavioral locomotor test. Different doses of morphine and withdrawal times were used to evaluate the establishment of the behavioral sensitization model. RESULTS Hyperlocomotion was induced after administration of morphine in adult zebrafish. After withdrawing the drug for a period, challenge with low-dose morphine evoked behavioral sensitization in zebrafish acutely pre-treated with morphine. Low-dose morphine failed to induce behavioral sensitization in zebrafish if the withdrawal time was less than 5 days or more than 7 days. Morphine induced behavioral sensitization in zebrafish may involve dopaminergic, glutamatergic and opioid systems. CONCLUSION A single low-dose of morphine could induce behavioral sensitization in zebrafish acutely pre-treated with morphine, and this phenomenon was highly correlated with drug dose and withdrawal time. These findings suggest that zebrafish is a suitable model for the study of behavioral sensitization.
Collapse
|
8
|
van Reij RRI, Salmans MMA, Eijkenboom I, van den Hoogen NJ, Joosten EAJ, Vanoevelen JM. Dopamine-neurotransmission and nociception in zebrafish: An anti-nociceptive role of dopamine receptor drd2a. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 912:174517. [PMID: 34555394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is an important modulator in nociception and analgesia. Spinal DA receptors are involved in descending modulation of the nociceptive transmission. Genetic variations within DA neurotransmission have been associated with altered pain sensitivity and development of chronic pain syndromes. The variant rs6277 in dopamine receptor 2 a (drd2a) has been associated with a decreased D2 receptor availability and increased nociception. The aim of this study is to further characterize the role of DA neurotransmission in nociception and the anti-nociceptive function of drd2a. The phenotype caused by rs6277 was modelled in zebrafish larvae using morpholino's and the effect on nociception was tested using a validated behavioural assay. The anti-nociceptive role of drd2a was tested using pharmacological intervention of D2 agonist Quinpirole. The experiments demonstrate that a decrease in drd2a expression results in a pro-nociceptive behavioural phenotype (P = 0.016) after a heat stimulus. Furthermore, agonism of drd2a with agonist Quinpirole (0.2 μM) results in dose-dependent anti-nociception (P = 0.035) after a heat stimulus. From these results it is concluded that the dopamine receptor drd2a is involved in anti-nociceptive behaviour in zebrafish. The model allows further screening and testing of genetic variation and treatment involved in nociception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roel R I van Reij
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Management, Maastricht University Medical Center(+), Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Maud M A Salmans
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Management, Maastricht University Medical Center(+), Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ivo Eijkenboom
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Clinical Genomics Unit, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Nynke J van den Hoogen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Management, Maastricht University Medical Center(+), Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Elbert A J Joosten
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Management, Maastricht University Medical Center(+), Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jo M Vanoevelen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center(+), Maastricht, the Netherlands; GROW-school for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kalyn M, Ekker M. Cerebroventricular Microinjections of MPTP on Adult Zebrafish Induces Dopaminergic Neuronal Death, Mitochondrial Fragmentation, and Sensorimotor Impairments. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:718244. [PMID: 34512252 PMCID: PMC8432913 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.718244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that mediate the energetic supply to cells and mitigate oxidative stress through the intricate balance of fission and fusion. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a prominent feature within Parkinson disease (PD) etiologies. To date, there have been conflicting studies of neurotoxin impact on dopaminergic cell death, mitochondrial function and behavioral impairment using adult zebrafish. Here, we performed cerebroventricular microinjections (CVMIs) of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) on adult transgenic zebrafish that resulted in significant reductions in dopaminergic neurons within the telencephalon and olfactory bulbs (OB) of Tg(dat:eGFP) fish. Visualization of mCherry and mitochondrial gene expression analysis in Tg(dat:tom20 MLS:mCherry) fish reveal that MPTP induces mitochondrial fragmentation in dopaminergic neurons and the activation of the pink1/parkin pathway involved mitophagy. Moreover, the loss of dopaminergic neurons translated into a transient locomotor and olfactory phenotype. Taken together, these data can contribute to a better understanding of the mitochondrial impact on dopaminergic survivability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kalyn
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Marc Ekker
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wong CED, Hua K, Monis S, Saxena V, Norazit A, Noor SM, Ekker M. gdnf affects early diencephalic dopaminergic neuron development through regulation of differentiation-associated transcription factors in zebrafish. J Neurochem 2020; 156:481-498. [PMID: 32583440 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has been reported to enhance dopaminergic neuron survival and differentiation in vitro and in vivo, although those results are still being debated. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (gdnf) is highly conserved in zebrafish and plays a role in enteric nervous system function. However, little is known about gdnf function in the teleost brain. Here, we employed clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 to impede gdnf function in the maintenance of dopaminergic neuron development. Genotyping of gdnf crispants revealed successful deletions of the coding region with various mutant band sizes and down-regulation of gdnf transcripts at 1, 3 and 7 day(s) post fertilization. Notably, ~20% reduction in ventral diencephalic dopaminergic neuron numbers in clusters 8 and 13 was observed in the gdnf-deficient crispants. In addition, gdnf depletion caused a modest reduction in dopaminergic neurogenesis as determined by 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine pulse chase assay. These deleterious effects could be partly attributed to deregulation of dopaminergic neuron fate specification-related transcription factors (otp,lmx1b,shha,and ngn1) in both crispants and established homozygous mutants with whole mount in-situ hybridization (WISH) on gdnf mutants showing reduced otpb and lmx1b.1 expression in the ventral diencephalon. Interestingly, locomotor function of crispants was only impacted at 7 dpf, but not earlier. Lastly, as expected, gdnf deficiency heightened crispants vulnerability to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium toxic insult. Our results suggest conservation of teleost gdnf brain function with mammals and revealed the interactions between gdnf and transcription factors in dopaminergic neuron differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chee Ern David Wong
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Khang Hua
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Simon Monis
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Vishal Saxena
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Anwar Norazit
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzita Mohd Noor
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Marc Ekker
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Comprehensive Analysis of Neurotoxin-Induced Ablation of Dopaminergic Neurons in Zebrafish Larvae. Biomedicines 2019; 8:biomedicines8010001. [PMID: 31905670 PMCID: PMC7168159 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotoxin exposure of zebrafish larvae has been used to mimic a Parkinson’s disease (PD) phenotype and to facilitate high-throughput drug screening. However, the vulnerability of zebrafish to various neurotoxins was shown to be variable. Here, we provide a direct comparison of ablative effectiveness in order to identify the optimal neurotoxin-mediated dopaminergic (DAnergic) neuronal death in larval zebrafish. Transgenic zebrafish, Tg(dat:eGFP), were exposed to different concentrations of the neurotoxins MPTP, MPP+, paraquat, 6-OHDA, and rotenone for four days, starting at three days post-fertilization. The LC50 of each respective neurotoxin concentration was determined. Confocal live imaging on Tg(dat:eGFP) showed that MPTP, MPP+, and rotenone caused comparable DAnergic cell loss in the ventral diencephalon (vDC) region while, paraquat and 6-OHDA caused fewer losses of DAnergic cells. These results were further supported by respective gene expression analyses of dat, th, and p53. Importantly, the loss of DAnergic cells from exposure to MPTP, MPP+, and rotenone impacted larval locomotor function. MPTP induced the largest motor deficit, but this was accompanied by the most severe morphological impairment. We conclude that, of the tested neurotoxins, MPP+ recapitulates a substantial degree of DAnergic ablation and slight locomotor perturbations without systemic defects indicative of a Parkinsonian phenotype.
Collapse
|
12
|
Pinson MR, Miranda RC. Noncoding RNAs in development and teratology, with focus on effects of cannabis, cocaine, nicotine, and ethanol. Birth Defects Res 2019; 111:1308-1319. [PMID: 31356004 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Completion of the Human Genome Project has led to the identification of a large number of transcription start sites that are not paired with protein-coding genes, supporting the growing recognition of the abundance of encoded nonprotein-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and their importance for speciation and species-specific development. Present in both plants and animals, ncRNAs vary in size, function, primary sequence, and secondary structure. While microRNAs (miRNAs) are the best known, there are a number of other ncRNAs (long[er] nonprotein-coding RNA, pseudogenes, circular RNAs, and so on) that have been shown to play an important role in the development either directly or via networks of proteins and other ncRNAs, including modulating the impact of miRNAs. Furthermore, these ncRNAs and their developmental regulatory networks are sensitive to teratogens such as ethanol, cannabis, cocaine, and nicotine. A better understanding of the developmental role of ncRNAs and their capacity to mediate teratogenesis is a necessary step in efforts to minimize the long-term consequences of developmental exposures to drugs-of-abuse. Moreover, with increasing awareness of the prevalence of polydrug use, experimental models will need to incorporate more complex drug exposure paradigms into meaningful assessments of developmental ncRNA function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa R Pinson
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 8447 Riverside Pkwy Suite 1005 MREB, Bryan, Texas
| | - Rajesh C Miranda
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 8447 Riverside Pkwy Suite 1005 MREB, Bryan, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shontz EC, Souders CL, Schmidt JT, Martyniuk CJ. Domperidone upregulates dopamine receptor expression and stimulates locomotor activity in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio
). GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2018; 17:e12460. [DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. C. Shontz
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology; University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida; Gainesville Florida
| | - C. L. Souders
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology; University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida; Gainesville Florida
| | - J. T. Schmidt
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology; University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida; Gainesville Florida
| | - C. J. Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology; University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida; Gainesville Florida
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sarty KI, Cowie A, Martyniuk CJ. The legacy pesticide dieldrin acts as a teratogen and alters the expression of dopamine transporter and dopamine receptor 2a in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 194:37-47. [PMID: 28163252 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dieldrin (DLD) is a lipophilic pesticide that shows environmental persistence. The objectives were to determine the effects of DLD on GABAergic and dopaminergic systems in developing zebrafish. Both chorionated and dechorionated embryos (~24h post-hatch) were exposed to a single concentration of DLD (0.347-3470μM) for 48h. Following exposure, a subset of larvae was placed into clean water for 6days (i.e. depuration phase). Chorionated embryos showed <15% mortality while dechorionated embryos showed higher mortality (>30%), suggesting that the chorion protected the embryos. Over a 6day depuration phase, there was a dose dependent effect observed in both the "dechorionated and chorionated embryo" treatments for larval mortality (>60%). At the end of depuration, there was no detectable change in neuro-morphological endpoints that included the ratio of notochord length to body length (%) and the ratio of head area to body area (%). However, DLD did induce cardiac edema, skeletal deformities, and tremors. GABA-related transcripts were not affected in abundance by DLD. Conversely, the relative mRNA levels of dopamine transporter (dat1) and dopamine receptor drd2a mRNA were decreased in dechorionated, but not chorionated, embryos. These data suggest that DLD can alter the expression of transcripts related to dopaminergic signaling. Lastly, GABAA receptor subunits gabrB1 and gabrB2, as well as dopamine receptors drd1 and drd2a, were inherently higher in abundance in dechorionated embryos compared to chorionated embryos. This is an important consideration when incorporating transcriptomics into embryo testing as expression levels can change with removal of the chorion prior to exposure.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Chorion/physiology
- Dieldrin/toxicity
- Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics
- Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/drug effects
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism
- Embryonic Development/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects
- Insecticides/toxicity
- Larva/drug effects
- Larva/growth & development
- Larva/metabolism
- Osmolar Concentration
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/metabolism
- Protein Subunits/genetics
- Protein Subunits/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism
- Receptors, GABA-A/genetics
- Receptors, GABA-A/metabolism
- Survival Analysis
- Teratogens/toxicity
- Zebrafish/embryology
- Zebrafish/growth & development
- Zebrafish/physiology
- Zebrafish Proteins/genetics
- Zebrafish Proteins/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleena I Sarty
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, E2L 4L5, Canada
| | - Andrew Cowie
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, E2L 4L5, Canada
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, E2L 4L5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang K, Jing X, Wang G. MicroRNAs as regulators of drug abuse and immunity. Cent Eur J Immunol 2017; 41:426-434. [PMID: 28450806 PMCID: PMC5382888 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2016.65142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 20-22 nucleotide non-coding RNAs that participate in gene regulation. They bind to 3'-untranslated regions of their mRNA targets, inhibiting the transcripts' translation and/or destabilizing them. Chronic drug abuse induces changes of miRNAs expression in the brain, which is thought to contribute to addictive behaviors. Lots of miRNAs have been identified to play critical roles in the development of drug addiction. Moreover, miRNAs have been shown to play critical roles in a broad array of biologic processes, including regulation of the cell cycle, oncogenic transformation, immune cell regeneration and differentiation, and psychiatry disorders. We hypothesized that chronic drug abuse leads to aberrant expression of several miRNAs, and then aberrant miRNAs influence the innate and adaptive immunity, especially differentiation and function of T cells and B cells, through down-regulated miRNAs' target gene expression. Characterization of miRNA actions is important and has high potential effect for the management of drug addiction and immunity diseases. miRNAs are potential biomarkers, and the modulation of their expression can be used for therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xuxiu Jing
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Carrick WT, Burks B, Cairns MJ, Kocerha J. Noncoding RNA Regulation of Dopamine Signaling in Diseases of the Central Nervous System. Front Mol Biosci 2016; 3:69. [PMID: 27826551 PMCID: PMC5078498 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2016.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic neurotransmission mediates a majority of the vital central nervous system functions. Disruption of these synaptic events provokes a multitude of neurological pathologies, including Parkinson's, schizophrenia, depression, and addiction. Growing evidence supports a key role for noncoding RNA (ncRNA) regulation in the synapse. This review will discuss the role of both short and long ncRNAs in dopamine signaling, including bioinformatic examination of the pathways they target. Specifically, we focus on the contribution of ncRNAs to dopaminergic dysfunction in neurodegenerative as well as psychiatric disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William T Carrick
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University Statesboro, GA, USA
| | - Brandi Burks
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University Statesboro, GA, USA
| | - Murray J Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and the Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Jannet Kocerha
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University Statesboro, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jia X, Wang F, Han Y, Geng X, Li M, Shi Y, Lu L, Chen Y. miR-137 and miR-491 Negatively Regulate Dopamine Transporter Expression and Function in Neural Cells. Neurosci Bull 2016; 32:512-522. [PMID: 27628529 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-016-0061-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The dopamine transporter (DAT) is involved in the regulation of extracellular dopamine levels. A 40-bp variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) of the DAT has been reported to be associated with various phenotypes that are involved in the aberrant regulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission. In the present study, we found that miR-137 and miR-491 caused a marked reduction of DAT expression, thereby influencing neuronal dopamine transport. Moreover, the regulation of miR-137 and miR-491 on this transport disappeared after the DAT was silenced. The miR-491 seed region that is located on the VNTR sequence in the 3'UTR of the DAT and the regulatory effect of miR-491 on the DAT depended on the VNTR copy-number. These data indicate that miR-137 and miR-491 regulate DAT expression and dopamine transport at the post-transcriptional level, suggesting that microRNA may be targeted for the treatment of diseases associated with DAT dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Jia
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication Safety, Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication Safety, Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, China.,Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Ying Han
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xuewen Geng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication Safety, Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Minghua Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication Safety, Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication Safety, Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Yun Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication Safety, Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mitchelson KR, Qin WY. Roles of the canonical myomiRs miR-1, -133 and -206 in cell development and disease. World J Biol Chem 2015; 6:162-208. [PMID: 26322174 PMCID: PMC4549760 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v6.i3.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that participate in different biological processes, providing subtle combinational regulation of cellular pathways, often by regulating components of signalling pathways. Aberrant expression of miRNAs is an important factor in the development and progression of disease. The canonical myomiRs (miR-1, -133 and -206) are central to the development and health of mammalian skeletal and cardiac muscles, but new findings show they have regulatory roles in the development of other mammalian non-muscle tissues, including nerve, brain structures, adipose and some specialised immunological cells. Moreover, the deregulation of myomiR expression is associated with a variety of different cancers, where typically they have tumor suppressor functions, although examples of an oncogenic role illustrate their diverse function in different cell environments. This review examines the involvement of the related myomiRs at the crossroads between cell development/tissue regeneration/tissue inflammation responses, and cancer development.
Collapse
|
19
|
Crago J, Schlenk D. The effect of bifenthrin on the dopaminergic pathway in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 162:66-72. [PMID: 25781393 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Bifenthrin is a type I pyrethroid pesticide, which has been shown to increase plasma estrogen concentrations in several fish models. The mechanism of action by which bifenthrin alters 17β-estradiol (E2) is unclear. E2 biosynthesis is regulated through pituitary follicle stimulating hormone, which is directly controlled by hypothalamic gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH2). Since dopaminergic signaling significantly influences GnRH2 release in fish, the goal of the study was to determine the effect of a 96 h and 2 weeks exposure to bifenthrin on dopaminergic signaling in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (RT). Our results indicated that a decrease in dopamine receptor 2A (DR2A) expression was associated with a trend toward an increase in plasma E2 following exposure at 96 h and 2 weeks, and a significant increase in the relative expression of vitellogenin mRNA at 2 weeks. DR2A mRNA expression decreased 426-fold at 96 h and 269-fold at 2 weeks in the brains of 1.5 ppb (3.55 pM) bifenthrin treated RT. There was an increase in tyrosine hydroxylase transcript levels at 96 h, which is indicative of dopamine production in the brains of the 1.5 ppb (3.55 pM) bifenthrin treated RT. A significant increase in the relative expression of GnRH2 was observed at 96 h but a significant decrease was noted after 2 weeks exposure indicating potential feedback loop activation. These results indicate that the estrogenic-effects of bifenthrin may result in part from changes in signaling within the dopaminergic pathway, but that other feedback pathways may also be involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Crago
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53204, USA.
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environment Studies, University California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ordas A, Raterink RJ, Cunningham F, Jansen HJ, Wiweger MI, Jong-Raadsen S, Bos S, Bates RH, Barros D, Meijer AH, Vreeken RJ, Ballell-Pages L, Dirks RP, Hankemeier T, Spaink HP. Testing tuberculosis drug efficacy in a zebrafish high-throughput translational medicine screen. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:753-62. [PMID: 25385118 PMCID: PMC4335901 DOI: 10.1128/aac.03588-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The translational value of zebrafish high-throughput screens can be improved when more knowledge is available on uptake characteristics of potential drugs. We investigated reference antibiotics and 15 preclinical compounds in a translational zebrafish-rodent screening system for tuberculosis. As a major advance, we have developed a new tool for testing drug uptake in the zebrafish model. This is important, because despite the many applications of assessing drug efficacy in zebrafish research, the current methods for measuring uptake using mass spectrometry do not take into account the possible adherence of drugs to the larval surface. Our approach combines nanoliter sampling from the yolk using a microneedle, followed by mass spectrometric analysis. To date, no single physicochemical property has been identified to accurately predict compound uptake; our method offers a great possibility to monitor how any novel compound behaves within the system. We have correlated the uptake data with high-throughput drug-screening data from Mycobacterium marinum-infected zebrafish larvae. As a result, we present an improved zebrafish larva drug-screening platform which offers new insights into drug efficacy and identifies potential false negatives and drugs that are effective in zebrafish and rodents. We demonstrate that this improved zebrafish drug-screening platform can complement conventional models of in vivo Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected rodent assays. The detailed comparison of two vertebrate systems, fish and rodent, may give more predictive value for efficacy of drugs in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Ordas
- IBL, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert-Jan Raterink
- Division of Analytical BioSciences, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research and Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Malgorzata I Wiweger
- IBL, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands ZF-screens B.V., Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sabine Bos
- Division of Analytical BioSciences, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research and Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Rob J Vreeken
- Division of Analytical BioSciences, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research and Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Division of Analytical BioSciences, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research and Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Epigenetic signaling in psychiatric disorders. J Mol Biol 2014; 426:3389-412. [PMID: 24709417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are complex multifactorial illnesses involving chronic alterations in neural circuit structure and function. While genetic factors are important in the etiology of disorders such as depression and addiction, relatively high rates of discordance among identical twins clearly indicate the importance of additional mechanisms. Environmental factors such as stress or prior drug exposure are known to play a role in the onset of these illnesses. Such exposure to environmental insults induces stable changes in gene expression, neural circuit function, and ultimately behavior, and these maladaptations appear distinct between developmental and adult exposures. Increasing evidence indicates that these sustained abnormalities are maintained by epigenetic modifications in specific brain regions. Indeed, transcriptional dysregulation and associated aberrant epigenetic regulation is a unifying theme in psychiatric disorders. Aspects of depression and addiction can be modeled in animals by inducing disease-like states through environmental manipulations (e.g., chronic stress, drug administration). Understanding how environmental factors recruit the epigenetic machinery in animal models reveals new insight into disease mechanisms in humans.
Collapse
|
22
|
Vitale G, Gaudenzi G, Dicitore A, Cotelli F, Ferone D, Persani L. Zebrafish as an innovative model for neuroendocrine tumors. Endocr Relat Cancer 2014; 21:R67-83. [PMID: 24292602 DOI: 10.1530/erc-13-0388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor models have a relevant role in furthering our understanding of the biology of malignant disease and in preclinical cancer research. Only few models are available for neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), probably due to the rarity and heterogeneity of this group of neoplasms. This review provides insights into the current state-of-the-art of zebrafish as a model in cancer research, focusing on potential applications in NETs. Zebrafish has a complex circulatory system similar to that of mammals. A novel angiogenesis assay based on the injection of human NET cell lines (TT and DMS79 cells) into the subperidermal space of the zebrafish embryos has been developed. Proangiogenic factors locally released by the tumor graft affect the normal developmental pattern of the subintestinal vessels by stimulating the migration and growth of sprouting vessels toward the implant. In addition, a description of the striking homology between zebrafish and humans of molecular targets involved in tumor angiogenesis (somatostatin receptors, dopamine receptors, mammalian target of rapamycin), and currently used as targeted therapy of NETs, is reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Vitale
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, via Zucchi 18, Cusano Milanino (MI) 20095, Italy Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Higa GSV, de Sousa E, Walter LT, Kinjo ER, Resende RR, Kihara AH. MicroRNAs in neuronal communication. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 49:1309-26. [PMID: 24385256 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8603-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short nucleotides sequences that regulate the expression of genes in different eukaryotic cell types. A tremendous amount of knowledge on miRNAs has rapidly accumulated over the last few years, revealing the growing interest in this field of research. On the other hand, clarifying the physiological regulation of gene expression in the central nervous system is important for establishing a reference for comparison to the diseased state. It is well known that the fine tuning of neuronal networks relies on intricate molecular mechanisms, such as the adjustment of the synaptic transmission. As determined by recent studies, regulation of neuronal interactions by miRNAs has critical consequences in the development, adaptation to ambient demands, and degeneration of the nervous system. In contrast, activation of synaptic receptors triggers downstream signaling cascades that generate a vast array of effects, which includes the regulation of novel genes involved in the control of the miRNA life cycle. In this review, we have examined the hot topics on miRNA gene-regulatory activities in the broad field of neuronal communication-related processes. Furthermore, in addition to indicating the newly described effect of miRNAs on the regulation of specific neurotransmitter systems, we have pointed out how these systems affect the expression, transport, and stability of miRNAs. Moreover, we discuss newly described and under-investigation mechanisms involving the intercellular transfer of miRNAs, aided by exosomes and gap junctions. Thus, in the current review, we were able to highlight recent findings related to miRNAs that indisputably contributed towards the understanding of the nervous system in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Shigueto Vilar Higa
- Núcleo de Cognição e Sistemas Complexos, Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, Av. Atlântica 420, 09060-000, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhou Z, Enoch MA, Goldman D. Gene expression in the addicted brain. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2014; 116:251-73. [PMID: 25172478 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801105-8.00010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Addiction is due to changes in the structure and function of the brain, including neuronal networks and the cells that comprise them. Within cells, gene expression changes can track and help explain their altered function. Transcriptional changes induced by addictive agents are dynamic and divergent and range from signal pathway-specific perturbations to widespread molecular and cellular dysregulation that can be measured by "omic" methods and that can be used to identify new pathways. The molecular effects of addiction depend on timing of exposure or withdrawal, the stage of adaptation, the brain region, and the behavioral model, there being many models of addiction. However, the molecular neural adaptations across different drug exposures, conditions, and regions are to some extent shared and can reflect common actions on pathways relevant to addiction. Epigenetic studies of DNA methylation and histone modifications and studies of regulatory RNA networks have been informative for elucidating the mechanisms of transcriptional change in the addicted brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Zhou
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
| | - Mary-Anne Enoch
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David Goldman
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chen CL, Liu H, Guan X. Changes in microRNA expression profile in hippocampus during the acquisition and extinction of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference in rats. J Biomed Sci 2013; 20:96. [PMID: 24359524 PMCID: PMC3878172 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-20-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNA (miRNA) emerges as important player in drug abuse. Yet, their expression profile in neurological disorder of cocaine abuse has not been well characterized. Here, we explored the changes of miRNA expression in rat hippocampus following repeated cocaine exposure and subsequent abstinence from cocaine treatment. Results Conditioned place preference (CPP) procedure was used to assess the acquisition and extinction of cocaine-seeking behavior in rats. MiRNA microarray was performed to examine miRNAs levels in rat hippocampus. Quantitative RT-PCR was conducted to further confirm results in microarray study. Finally, bioinformatic predictions were made to suggest potential target genes of cocaine-responsive miRNA in this study. MiRNA array found that 34 miRNA levels were changed in rat hippocampus while acquiring cocaine CPP and 42 miRNAs levels were altered after the cocaine-induced CPP were extinguished, as compared to normal controls. The findings from qRT-PCR study support results from microarray analysis. Conclusions The current study demonstrated dynamic changes in miRNA expression in rat hippocampus during the acquisition and extinction of cocaine-induced CPP. Some miRNAs which have been previously reported to be involved in brain disorders and drug abuse, including miR-133b, miR-134, miR-181c, miR-191, miR-22, miR-26b, miR-382, miR-409-3p and miR-504, were found to be changed in their expression following repeated cocaine exposure and subsequent abstinence from cocaine treatment. These findings may extend our understanding of the regulatory network underlying cocaine abuse and may provide new targets for the future treatment of drug abuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaowei Guan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, China.
| |
Collapse
|