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JAG1 Intracellular Domain Enhances AR Expression and Signaling and Promotes Stem-like Properties in Prostate Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225714. [PMID: 36428807 PMCID: PMC9688638 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
JAG1 expression is upregulated in high-grade metastatic prostate carcinomas and associated with poor disease-free survival of patients with prostate cancer. Intriguingly, all JAG1-positive prostate carcinomas express JICD although JICD function in prostate cancer (PC) cells is poorly understood. In this study, we found that JICD overexpression increased the expression levels of AR, especially AR-Vs, in PC cell lines and significantly enhanced androgen-independent and androgen-dependent function of ARs. Interestingly, JICD overexpression upregulated the expression of the PCSC marker CD133 in PC cells as the expression of self-renewal markers; namely, NANOG and OCT3/4 increased. In addition, JICD overexpression highly increased the expression of anti-apoptotic BCL-XL protein, while it little affected the expression of apoptotic BIM protein. In 3D cell culture assays, the spheres formed by JICD-overexpressing PC subline cells (C4-2 and CWR22Rv1) were larger than those formed by control (EV) subline cells with undifferentiated morphology. Although JICD overexpression caused quiescence in cell proliferation, it activated the expression of components in PCSC-related signaling pathways, increased PC cell mobility, and promoted in vivo xenograft mouse tumorigenesis. Therefore, JICD may play a crucial role in enhancing androgen independence and promoting stem-like properties in PC cells and should be considered a novel target for CRPC and PCSC diagnostic therapy.
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2
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Vázquez-Ulloa E, Lin KL, Lizano M, Sahlgren C. Reversible and bidirectional signaling of notch ligands. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 57:377-398. [PMID: 36048510 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2022.2113029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is a direct cell-cell communication system involved in a wide variety of biological processes, and its disruption is observed in several pathologies. The pathway is comprised of a ligand-expressing (sender) cell and a receptor-expressing (receiver) cell. The canonical ligands are members of the Delta/Serrate/Lag-1 (DSL) family of proteins. Their binding to a Notch receptor in a neighboring cell induces a conformational change in the receptor, which will undergo regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP), liberating the Notch intracellular domain (NICD). The NICD is translocated to the nucleus and promotes gene transcription. It has been demonstrated that the ligands can also undergo RIP and nuclear translocation, suggesting a function for the ligands in the sender cell and possible bidirectionality of the Notch pathway. Although the complete mechanism of ligand processing is not entirely understood, and its dependence on Notch receptors has not been ruled out. Also, ligands have autonomous functions beyond Notch activation. Here we review the concepts of reverse and bidirectional signalization of DSL proteins and discuss the characteristics that make them more than just ligands of the Notch pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elenaé Vázquez-Ulloa
- Faculty of Science and Engineering/Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Kai-Lan Lin
- Faculty of Science and Engineering/Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Marcela Lizano
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Departamento de Medicina Genomica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Sahlgren
- Faculty of Science and Engineering/Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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3
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Sánchez-Iranzo H, Halavatyi A, Diz-Muñoz A. Strength of interactions in the Notch gene regulatory network determines patterning and fate in the notochord. eLife 2022; 11:75429. [PMID: 35658971 PMCID: PMC9170247 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of multicellular organisms requires the generation of gene expression patterns that determines cell fate and organ shape. Groups of genetic interactions known as Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs) play a key role in the generation of such patterns. However, how the topology and parameters of GRNs determine patterning in vivo remains unclear due to the complexity of most experimental systems. To address this, we use the zebrafish notochord, an organ where coin-shaped precursor cells are initially arranged in a simple unidimensional geometry. These cells then differentiate into vacuolated and sheath cells. Using newly developed transgenic tools together with in vivo imaging, we identify jag1a and her6/her9 as the main components of a Notch GRN that generates a lateral inhibition pattern and determines cell fate. Making use of this experimental system and mathematical modeling we show that lateral inhibition patterning is promoted when ligand-receptor interactions are stronger within the same cell than in neighboring cells. Altogether, we establish the zebrafish notochord as an experimental system to study pattern generation, and identify and characterize how the properties of GRNs determine self-organization of gene patterning and cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Sánchez-Iranzo
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aliaksandr Halavatyi
- Advanced Light Microscopy Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alba Diz-Muñoz
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
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4
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Song M, Finley SD. Mechanistic characterization of endothelial sprouting mediated by pro-angiogenic signaling. Microcirculation 2021; 29:e12744. [PMID: 34890488 PMCID: PMC9285777 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective We aim to quantitatively characterize the crosstalk between VEGF‐ and FGF‐mediated angiogenic signaling and endothelial sprouting, to gain mechanistic insights and identify novel therapeutic strategies. Methods We constructed an experimentally validated hybrid agent‐based mathematical model that characterizes endothelial sprouting driven by FGF‐ and VEGF‐mediated signaling. We predicted the total sprout length, number of sprouts, and average length by the mono‐ and co‐stimulation of FGF and VEGF. Results The experimentally fitted and validated model predicts that FGF induces stronger angiogenic responses in the long‐term compared with VEGF stimulation. Also, FGF plays a dominant role in the combination effects in endothelial sprouting. Moreover, the model suggests that ERK and Akt pathways and cellular responses contribute differently to the sprouting process. Last, the model predicts that the strategies to modulate endothelial sprouting are context‐dependent, and our model can identify potential effective pro‐ and anti‐angiogenic targets under different conditions and study their efficacy. Conclusions The model provides detailed mechanistic insight into VEGF and FGF interactions in sprouting angiogenesis. More broadly, this model can be utilized to identify targets that influence angiogenic signaling leading to endothelial sprouting and to study the effects of pro‐ and anti‐angiogenic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stacey D Finley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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5
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Okubo Y, Ohtake F, Igarashi K, Yasuhiko Y, Hirabayashi Y, Saga Y, Kanno J. Cleaved Delta like 1 intracellular domain regulates neural development via Notch signal-dependent and -independent pathways. Development 2021; 148:272156. [PMID: 34519339 PMCID: PMC8513606 DOI: 10.1242/dev.193664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Notch-Delta signaling regulates many developmental processes, including tissue homeostasis and maintenance of stem cells. Upon interaction of juxtaposed cells via Notch and Delta proteins, intracellular domains of both transmembrane proteins are cleaved and translocate to the nucleus. Notch intracellular domain activates target gene expression; however, the role of the Delta intracellular domain remains elusive. Here, we show the biological function of Delta like 1 intracellular domain (D1ICD) by modulating its production. We find that the sustained production of D1ICD abrogates cell proliferation but enhances neurogenesis in the developing dorsal root ganglia (DRG), whereas inhibition of D1ICD production promotes cell proliferation and gliogenesis. D1ICD acts as an integral component of lateral inhibition mechanism by inhibiting Notch activity. In addition, D1ICD promotes neurogenesis in a Notch signaling-independent manner. We show that D1ICD binds to Erk1/2 in neural crest stem cells and inhibits the phosphorylation of Erk1/2. In summary, our results indicate that D1ICD regulates DRG development by modulating not only Notch signaling but also the MAP kinase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Okubo
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety & Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Ohtake
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety & Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Life Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Katsuhide Igarashi
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety & Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan.,Life Science Tokyo Advanced Research center (L-StaR), Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Yukuto Yasuhiko
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety & Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Yoko Hirabayashi
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety & Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Division of Mammalian Development, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima 411-8540, Japan.,Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Jun Kanno
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety & Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
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6
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Aggarwal V, Tuli HS, Varol M, Tuorkey M, Sak K, Parashar NC, Barwal TS, Sharma U, Iqubal A, Parashar G, Jain A. NOTCH signaling: Journey of an evolutionarily conserved pathway in driving tumor progression and its modulation as a therapeutic target. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 164:103403. [PMID: 34214610 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling, an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade, is critical for normal biological processes of cell differentiation, development, and homeostasis. Deregulation of the Notch signaling pathway has been associated with tumor progression. Thus, Notch presents as an interesting target for a variety of cancer subtypes and its signaling mechanisms have been actively explored from the therapeutic viewpoint. However, besides acting as an oncogene, Notch pathway can possess also tumor suppressive functions, being implicated in inhibition of cancer development. Given such interesting dual and dynamic role of Notch, in this review, we discuss how the evolutionarily conserved Notch signaling pathway drives hallmarks of tumor progression and how it could be targeted for a promising treatment and management of cancer. In addition, the up-to-date information on the inhibitors currently under clinical trials for Notch targets is presented along with how NOTCH inhibitors can be used in conjunction with established chemotherapy/radiotherapy regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Aggarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, 133 207, Haryana, India.
| | - Mehmet Varol
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, TR48000, Turkey.
| | - Muobarak Tuorkey
- Division of Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt.
| | | | - Nidarshana Chaturvedi Parashar
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, 133 207, Haryana, India.
| | - Tushar Singh Barwal
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Village-Ghudda, 151 401, Punjab, India.
| | - Uttam Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Village-Ghudda, 151 401, Punjab, India.
| | - Ashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Formerly Faculty of Pharmacy), Jamia Hamdard (Deemed to be University), Delhi, India.
| | - Gaurav Parashar
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, 133 207, Haryana, India.
| | - Aklank Jain
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Village-Ghudda, 151 401, Punjab, India.
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7
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Jahejo AR, Rajput N, Kashif J, Kalhoro DH, Niu S, Qiao ML, Zhang D, Qadir MF, Mangi RA, Khan A, Ahsan A, Khan A, Tian WX. Recombinant glutathione-S-transferase A3 protein regulates the angiogenesis-related genes of erythrocytes in thiram induced tibial lesions. Res Vet Sci 2020; 131:244-253. [PMID: 32438067 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is a skeletal deformity disease in broilers that occurs when vascularization in the growth plate (GP) is below normal. Although, blood vessels have been reported to contribute significantly in bone formation. Therefore, in the current study, we have examined the mRNA expression of angiogenesis-related genes in erythrocytes of thiram induced TD chickens by qRT-PCR and performed histopathological analysis to determine regulatory effect of recombinant Glutathione-S-Transferase A3 (rGSTA3) protein in response to the destructive effect of thiram following the injection of rGSTA3 protein. Histopathology results suggested that, blood vessels of GPs were damaged in thiram induced TD chicken group (D), it also affected the area and density of blood vessels. In the 20 and 50 μg·kg-1 of rGSTA3 protein-administered groups, E and F vessels appeared to be normal and improved on day 6 and 15. Furthermore, qRT-PCR results showed that rGSTA3 protein significantly (P < .05) up-regulated the expression of the most important angiogenesis-related integrin family genes ITGA2, ITGA5, ITGB2, ITGB3, ITGAV. The expression level of other genes including TBXA2R, FYN, IQGAP2, IL1R1, GIT1, RAP1B, RPL17, RAC2, MAML3, PTPN11, VAV1, PTCH1, NCOR2, CLU and ITGB3 up-regulated on dosage of rGSTA3 protein. In conclusion, angiogenesis is destroyed in thiram induced TD broilers, and rGSTA3 protein injection improved the vascularization of GPs by upregulating the angiogenesis related genes most importantly integrin family genes ITGAV, ITGA2, ITGB2, ITGB3, ITGA5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza Jahejo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Nasir Rajput
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Sindh 70060, Pakistan
| | - Jam Kashif
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Sindh 70060, Pakistan
| | - Dildar Hussain Kalhoro
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Sindh 70060, Pakistan
| | - Sheng Niu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Meng-Li Qiao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Ding Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Muhammad Farhan Qadir
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Raza Ali Mangi
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Afrasyab Khan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Anam Ahsan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Ajab Khan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Wen-Xia Tian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China.
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8
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Jahejo AR, Zhang D, Niu S, Mangi RA, Khan A, Qadir MF, Khan A, Chen HC, Tian WX. Transcriptome-based screening of intracellular pathways and angiogenesis related genes at different stages of thiram induced tibial lesions in broiler chickens. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:50. [PMID: 31941444 PMCID: PMC6964038 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6456-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) in fast-growing chickens is mainly caused by improper blood circulation. The exact mechanism underlying angiogenesis and vascularization in tibial growth plate of broiler chickens remains unclear. Therefore, this research attempts to study genes involved in the regulation of angiogenesis in chicken red blood cells. Twenty-four broiler chickens were allotted into a control and thiram (Tetramethyl thiuram disulfide) group. Blood samples were collected on day 2, 6 (8- and 14-days old chickens) and 15 (23 days old chickens). Results Histopathology and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) results showed that angiogenesis decreased on the 6th day of the experiment but started to recover on the 15th day of the experiment. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) results confirmed the expressions of integrin alpha-v precursor (ITGAV) and clusterin precursor (CLU). Transcriptome sequencing analysis evaluated 293 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 103 up-regulated genes and 190 down-regulated genes were enriched in the pathways of neuroactive ligand receptor interaction, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), ribosome, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, focal adhesion, natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity and the notch signalling pathways. DEGs (n = 20) related to angiogenesis of chicken erythrocytes in the enriched pathways were thromboxane A2 receptor (TBXA2R), interleukin-1 receptor type 1 precursor (IL1R1), ribosomal protein L17 (RPL17), integrin beta-3 precursor (ITGB3), ITGAV, integrin beta-2 precursor (ITGB2), ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 (RAC2), integrin alpha-2 (ITGA2), IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 2 (IQGAP2), ARF GTPase-activating protein (GIT1), proto-oncogene vav (VAV1), integrin alpha-IIb-like (ITGA5), ras-related protein Rap-1b precursor (RAP1B), tyrosine protein kinase Fyn-like (FYN), tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11 (PTPN11), protein patched homolog 1 (PTCH1), nuclear receptor corepressor 2 (NCOR2) and mastermind like protein 3 (MAML3) selected for further confirmation with qPCR. However, commonly DEGs were sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 (ATP2A3), ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 R2 (UBE2R2), centriole cilia and spindle-associated protein (CCSAP), coagulation factor XIII A chain protein (F13A1), shroom 2 isoform X6 (SHROOM2), ras GTPase-activating protein 3 (RASA3) and CLU. Conclusion We have found potential therapeutic genes concerned to erythrocytes and blood regulation, which regulated the angiogenesis in thiram induced TD chickens. This study also revealed the potential functions of erythrocytes. Graphical abstract 1. Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) in chickens were more on day 6, which started recovering on day 15. 2. The enriched pathway observed in TD chickens on day 6 was ribosome pathway, on day 15 were regulation of actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesion pathway. 3. The genes involved in the ribosome pathways was ribosomal protein L17 (RPL17). regulation of actin cytoskeleton pathway were Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 (RAC2), Ras-related protein Rap-1b precursor (RAP1B), ARF GTPase-activating protein (GIT1), IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 2 (IQGAP2), Integrin alpha-v precursor (ITGAV), Integrin alpha-2 (ITGA2), Integrin beta-2 precursor (ITGB2), Integrin beta-3 precursor (ITGB3), Integrin alpha-IIb-like (ITGA5). Focal adhesion Proto-oncogene vav (Vav-like), Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn-like (FYN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza Jahejo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Ding Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Sheng Niu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Raza Ali Mangi
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Afrasyab Khan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Muhammad Farhan Qadir
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Ajab Khan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Huan-Chun Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wen-Xia Tian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
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Ligand-Induced Cis-Inhibition of Notch Signaling: The Role of an Extracellular Region of Serrate. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1227:29-49. [PMID: 32072497 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36422-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cellular development can be controlled by communication between adjacent cells mediated by the highly conserved Notch signaling system. A cell expressing the Notch receptor on one cell can be activated in trans by ligands on an adjacent cell leading to alteration of transcription and cellular fate. Ligands also have the ability to inhibit Notch signaling, and this can be accomplished when both receptor and ligands are coexpressed in cis on the same cell. The manner in which cis-inhibition is accomplished is not entirely clear but it is known to involve several different protein domains of the ligands and the receptor. Some of the protein domains involved in trans-activation are also used for cis-inhibition, but some are used uniquely for each process. In this work, the involvement of various ligand regions and the receptor are discussed in relation to their contributions to Notch signaling.
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10
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Abstract
NOTCH signalling is an evolutionarily conserved juxtacrine signalling pathway that is essential in development. Jagged1 (JAG1) and Delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4) are transmembrane NOTCH ligands that regulate angiogenesis by controlling endothelial cell (EC) differentiation, vascular development and maturation. In addition, DLL4 could bypass its canonical cell-cell contact-dependent signalling to influence NOTCH signalling and angiogenesis at a distance when it is packaged into extracellular vesicles (EVs). However, it is not clear whether JAG1 could also be packaged into EVs to influence NOTCH signalling and angiogenesis. In this work, we demonstrate that JAG1 is also packaged into EVs. We present evidence that JAG1-EVs inhibit NOTCH signalling and regulate EC behaviour and function. JAG1-EVs inhibited VEGF-induced HUVEC proliferation and migration in 2D culture condition and suppressed sprouting in a 3D microfluidic microenvironment. JAG1-EV treatment of HUVECs leads to a reduction of Notch1 intracellular domain (N1-ICD), and the proteasome and the intracellular domain of JAG1 (JAG1-ICD) are both required for this reduction to occur. These findings reveal a novel mechanism of JAG1 function in NOTCH signalling and ECs through EVs.
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11
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Taming the Notch Transcriptional Regulator for Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020431. [PMID: 29462871 PMCID: PMC6017063 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Notch signaling is a highly conserved pathway in all metazoans, which is deeply involved in the regulation of cell fate and differentiation, proliferation and migration during development. Research in the last decades has shown that the various components of the Notch signaling cascade are either upregulated or activated in human cancers. Therefore, its downregulation stands as a promising and powerful strategy for cancer therapy. Here, we discuss the recent advances in the development of small molecule inhibitors, blocking antibodies and oligonucleotides that hinder Notch activity, and their outcome in clinical trials. Although Notch was initially identified as an oncogene, later studies showed that it can also act as a tumor suppressor in certain contexts. Further complexity is added by the existence of numerous Notch family members, which exert different activities and can be differentially targeted by inhibitors, potentially accounting for contradictory data on their therapeutic efficacy. Notably, recent evidence supports the rationale for combinatorial treatments including Notch inhibitors, which appear to be more effective than single agents in fighting cancer.
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12
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Control of Blood Vessel Formation by Notch Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1066:319-338. [PMID: 30030834 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-89512-3_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Blood vessels span throughout the body to nourish tissue cells and to provide gateways for immune surveillance. Endothelial cells that line capillaries have the remarkable capacity to be quiescent for years but to switch rapidly into the activated state once new blood vessels need to be formed. In addition, endothelial cells generate niches for progenitor and tumor cells and provide organ-specific paracrine (angiocrine) factors that control organ development and regeneration, maintenance of homeostasis and tumor progression. Recent data indicate a pivotal role for blood vessels in responding to metabolic changes and that endothelial cell metabolism is a novel regulator of angiogenesis. The Notch pathway is the central signaling mode that cooperates with VEGF, WNT, BMP, TGF-β, angiopoietin signaling and cell metabolism to orchestrate angiogenesis, tip/stalk cell selection and arteriovenous specification. Here, we summarize the current knowledge and implications regarding the complex roles of Notch signaling during physiological and tumor angiogenesis, the dynamic nature of tip/stalk cell selection in the nascent vessel sprout and arteriovenous differentiation. Furthermore, we shed light on recent work on endothelial cell metabolism, perfusion-independent angiocrine functions of endothelial cells in organ-specific vascular beds and how manipulation of Notch signaling may be used to target the tumor vasculature.
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13
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Forghany Z, Robertson F, Lundby A, Olsen JV, Baker DA. Control of endothelial cell tube formation by Notch ligand intracellular domain interactions with activator protein 1 (AP-1). J Biol Chem 2017; 293:1229-1242. [PMID: 29196606 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.819045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is a ubiquitous signal transduction pathway found in most if not all metazoan cell types characterized to date. It is indispensable for cell differentiation as well as tissue growth, tissue remodeling, and apoptosis. Although the canonical Notch signaling pathway is well characterized, accumulating evidence points to the existence of multiple, less well-defined layers of regulation. In this study, we investigated the function of the intracellular domain (ICD) of the Notch ligand Delta-like 4 (DLL4). We provide evidence that the DLL4 ICD is required for normal DLL4 subcellular localization. We further show that it is cleaved and interacts with the JUN proto-oncogene, which forms part of the activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor complex. Mechanistically, the DLL4 ICD inhibited JUN binding to DNA and thereby controlled the expression of JUN target genes, including DLL4 Our work further demonstrated that JUN strongly stimulates endothelial cell tube formation and that DLL4 constrains this process. These results raise the possibility that Notch/DLL4 signaling is bidirectional and suggest that the DLL4 ICD could represent a point of cross-talk between Notch and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zary Forghany
- From the Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands and
| | - Francesca Robertson
- From the Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands and
| | - Alicia Lundby
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research and.,the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | | | - David A Baker
- From the Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands and
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14
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Metrich M, Bezdek Pomey A, Berthonneche C, Sarre A, Nemir M, Pedrazzini T. Jagged1 intracellular domain-mediated inhibition of Notch1 signalling regulates cardiac homeostasis in the postnatal heart. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 108:74-86. [PMID: 26249804 PMCID: PMC4571837 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Notch1 signalling in the heart is mainly activated via expression of Jagged1 on the surface of cardiomyocytes. Notch controls cardiomyocyte proliferation and differentiation in the developing heart and regulates cardiac remodelling in the stressed adult heart. Besides canonical Notch receptor activation in signal-receiving cells, Notch ligands can also activate Notch receptor-independent responses in signal-sending cells via release of their intracellular domain. We evaluated therefore the importance of Jagged1 (J1) intracellular domain (ICD)-mediated pathways in the postnatal heart. Methods and results In cardiomyocytes, Jagged1 releases J1ICD, which then translocates into the nucleus and down-regulates Notch transcriptional activity. To study the importance of J1ICD in cardiac homeostasis, we generated transgenic mice expressing a tamoxifen-inducible form of J1ICD, specifically in cardiomyocytes. Using this model, we demonstrate that J1ICD-mediated Notch inhibition diminishes proliferation in the neonatal cardiomyocyte population and promotes maturation. In the neonatal heart, a response via Wnt and Akt pathway activation is elicited as an attempt to compensate for the deficit in cardiomyocyte number resulting from J1ICD activation. In the stressed adult heart, J1ICD activation results in a dramatic reduction of the number of Notch signalling cardiomyocytes, blunts the hypertrophic response, and reduces the number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes. Consistently, this occurs concomitantly with a significant down-regulation of the phosphorylation of the Akt effectors ribosomal S6 protein (S6) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein1 (4EBP1) controlling protein synthesis. Conclusions Altogether, these data demonstrate the importance of J1ICD in the modulation of physiological and pathological hypertrophy, and reveal the existence of a novel pathway regulating cardiac homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Metrich
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School, Rue du Bugnon 27, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - April Bezdek Pomey
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School, Rue du Bugnon 27, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Corinne Berthonneche
- Cardiovascular Assessment Facility, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Sarre
- Cardiovascular Assessment Facility, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Nemir
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School, Rue du Bugnon 27, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Pedrazzini
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School, Rue du Bugnon 27, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland Cardiovascular Assessment Facility, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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15
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Klose R, Berger C, Moll I, Adam MG, Schwarz F, Mohr K, Augustin HG, Fischer A. Soluble Notch ligand and receptor peptides act antagonistically during angiogenesis. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 107:153-63. [PMID: 25975260 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Notch signalling is essential for blood vessel formation. During angiogenesis, the Notch ligand DLL4 on the leading tip cell activates Notch receptors on the adjacent stalk cells. DLL4-Notch signalling is impaired by the Notch ligand JAG1 in endothelial cells. The Delta/Serrate/Lag2 (DSL) domain of the Notch ligands binds to the EGF-like repeats 11-13 of the Notch receptor. This study aimed to elucidate how soluble proteins containing these short domains interfere with Notch signalling during angiogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS Adenoviral vectors were generated to express the DSL domains of DLL1, DLL4, JAG1, and the Notch1 EGF-like repeats 11-13 fused to immunoglobulin-G heavy chain. These soluble ligand peptides inhibited Notch signalling in endothelial cells and this caused hyperbranching in cellular angiogenesis assays and in the neonatal mouse retina. The soluble Notch receptor peptides bound stronger to JAG1 than DLL4 ligands, resulting in increased signalling activity. This led to impaired tip cell formation and less vessel sprouting in the retina. CONCLUSION The minimal binding domains of Notch ligands are sufficient to interfere with Notch signalling. The corresponding soluble Notch1 EGF11-13 peptide binds stronger to inhibitory Notch ligands and thereby promotes Notch signalling in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Klose
- Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Caroline Berger
- Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg D-69120, Germany Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Medical Faculty Mannheim (CBTM), Heidelberg University, Mannheim D-68167, Germany
| | - Iris Moll
- Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - M Gordian Adam
- Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg D-69120, Germany Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Medical Faculty Mannheim (CBTM), Heidelberg University, Mannheim D-68167, Germany
| | - Frank Schwarz
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facilities, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Kerstin Mohr
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facilities, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Hellmut G Augustin
- Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Medical Faculty Mannheim (CBTM), Heidelberg University, Mannheim D-68167, Germany Vascular Oncology and Metastasis (A190), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Andreas Fischer
- Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg D-69120, Germany Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Medical Faculty Mannheim (CBTM), Heidelberg University, Mannheim D-68167, Germany Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
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Pabois A, Devallière J, Quillard T, Coulon F, Gérard N, Laboisse C, Toquet C, Charreau B. The disintegrin and metalloproteinase ADAM10 mediates a canonical Notch-dependent regulation of IL-6 through Dll4 in human endothelial cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 91:510-21. [PMID: 25130545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Although the involvement of the disintegrin and metalloproteinase ADAM10 in several areas of vascular biology is now clearly established, its role in vascular inflammation and in Notch signaling at the endothelial level remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that ADAM10 specifically localizes in the CD31(+) endothelial cells (ECs) in normal human cardiac tissues and in cultured primary arterial ECs. In vitro, ADAM10 drives a specific regulation of the Notch pathway in vascular ECs. Using an ADAM10 gain and loss of function approach we show an ADAM10-dependent regulation of Dll1 and Dll4 expression in association with changes in Hes1 and Hey1 expression. We also identified IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and sVCAM-1 as novel targets of ADAM10 upon inflammation. Although Notch pathway does not seem to be required for the production of IL-8, MCP-1 and sVCAM-1, the release of IL-6 by ECs occurred through ADAM10 and a canonical Notch signaling pathway, dependent of γ-secretase activity. Moreover, sustained expression of Dll4 mediated by ADAM10 elicits an increased release of IL-6 suggesting a strong implication of the specific Dll4 signaling in this mechanism. Modulation of IL-6 mediated by ADAM10/Notch signaling required PI3K activity. Thus, our findings suggest that ADAM10/Dll4 signaling is a major signaling pathway in ECs driving inflammatory events involved in inflammation and immune cell recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélique Pabois
- INSERM UMR1064, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, LabEx IGO and LabEx Transplantex, Nantes F44000, France; CHU de Nantes, Institut de Transplantation-Urologie-Néphrologie, ITUN, Nantes F44000, France; LUNAM, Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes F44000, France
| | - Julie Devallière
- INSERM UMR1064, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, LabEx IGO and LabEx Transplantex, Nantes F44000, France; CHU de Nantes, Institut de Transplantation-Urologie-Néphrologie, ITUN, Nantes F44000, France; LUNAM, Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes F44000, France
| | - Thibaut Quillard
- INSERM UMR1064, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, LabEx IGO and LabEx Transplantex, Nantes F44000, France; CHU de Nantes, Institut de Transplantation-Urologie-Néphrologie, ITUN, Nantes F44000, France; LUNAM, Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes F44000, France
| | - Flora Coulon
- INSERM UMR1064, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, LabEx IGO and LabEx Transplantex, Nantes F44000, France; CHU de Nantes, Institut de Transplantation-Urologie-Néphrologie, ITUN, Nantes F44000, France; LUNAM, Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes F44000, France
| | - Nathalie Gérard
- INSERM UMR1064, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, LabEx IGO and LabEx Transplantex, Nantes F44000, France; CHU de Nantes, Institut de Transplantation-Urologie-Néphrologie, ITUN, Nantes F44000, France; LUNAM, Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes F44000, France
| | - Christian Laboisse
- LUNAM, Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes F44000, France; Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, CHU de Nantes, Nantes F44000, France
| | - Claire Toquet
- LUNAM, Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes F44000, France; Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, CHU de Nantes, Nantes F44000, France
| | - Béatrice Charreau
- INSERM UMR1064, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, LabEx IGO and LabEx Transplantex, Nantes F44000, France; CHU de Nantes, Institut de Transplantation-Urologie-Néphrologie, ITUN, Nantes F44000, France; LUNAM, Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes F44000, France.
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Gunin AG, Petrov VV, Golubtzova NN, Vasilieva OV, Kornilova NK. Age-related changes in angiogenesis in human dermis. Exp Gerontol 2014; 55:143-51. [PMID: 24768823 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Present research is aimed to examine the number of dermal blood vessels, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), delta-like ligand 4(Dll4) and Jagged-1 (Jag-1) in dermal blood vessels of human from 20weeks of pregnancy to 85years old. Numbers and proliferative activity of dermal fibroblast-like cells were also examined. Blood vessels were viewed with immunohistochemical staining for von Willebrand factor or CD31. VEGF, Dll4, Jag-1, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were detected immunohistochemically. Results showed that the numbers of fibroblast-like cells, PCNA positive fibroblast-like cells, von Willebrand factor positive or CD31 positive blood vessels in dermis are dramatically decreased with age. The intensity of immunohistochemical staining for VEGF or Jag-1 in blood vessels of dermis is increased from antenatal to deep old period. The degree of immunohistochemical staining of dermal blood vessels for Dll4 has gone up from 20-40weeks of pregnancy to early life period (0-20years), and further decreased below antenatal values. Age-related decrease in the number of dermal blood vessels is suggested to be due to an impairment of VEGF signaling and to be mediated by Dll4 and Jag-1. It may be supposed that diminishing in blood supply of dermis occurring with age is a cause of a decrease in the number and proliferative pool of dermal fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei G Gunin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School Chuvash State University, Cheboksary, Russia.
| | - Vadim V Petrov
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School Chuvash State University, Cheboksary, Russia
| | - Natalia N Golubtzova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School Chuvash State University, Cheboksary, Russia
| | - Olga V Vasilieva
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School Chuvash State University, Cheboksary, Russia
| | - Natalia K Kornilova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School Chuvash State University, Cheboksary, Russia
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LI SHU, WANG RONG, WANG YAJIE, LI HAOWEN, ZHENG JIAN, DUAN RAN, ZHAO JIZONG. Receptors of the Notch signaling pathway are associated with hemorrhage of brain arteriovenous malformations. Mol Med Rep 2014; 9:2233-8. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Redeker C, Schuster-Gossler K, Kremmer E, Gossler A. Normal development in mice over-expressing the intracellular domain of DLL1 argues against reverse signaling by DLL1 in vivo. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79050. [PMID: 24167636 PMCID: PMC3805521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway mediates the direct communication between adjacent cells and regulates multiple developmental processes. Interaction of the Notch receptor with its ligands induces the liberation of the intracellular portion of Notch (NICD) referred to as regulated intramembraneous proteolysis (RIP). NICD translocates to the nucleus, and by complexing with the DNA binding protein RBPjκ and other cofactors activates transcription of bHLH genes. RIP-like processing of various mammalian Notch ligands (DLL1, JAG1 and JAG2) and the translocation of their intracellular domains (ICDs) to the nucleus has also been observed. These observations together with effects of over-expressed ligand ICDs in cultured cells on cell proliferation, differentiation, and Notch activity and target gene expression have led to the idea that the intracellular domains of Notch ligands have signaling functions. To test this hypothesis in vivo we have generated ES cells and transgenic mice that constitutively express various versions of the intracellular domain of mouse DLL1. In contrast to other cell lines, expression of DICDs in ES cells did not block proliferation or stimulate neuronal differentiation. Embryos with ubiquitous DICD expression developed to term without any apparent phenotype and grew up to viable and fertile adults. Early Notch-dependent processes or expression of selected Notch target genes were unaltered in transgenic embryos. In addition, we show that mouse DICD enters the nucleus inefficiently. Collectively, our results argue against a signaling activity of the intracellular domain of DLL1 in mouse embryos in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Redeker
- Institut für Molekularbiologie OE5250, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Watson O, Novodvorsky P, Gray C, Rothman AMK, Lawrie A, Crossman DC, Haase A, McMahon K, Gering M, Van Eeden FJM, Chico TJA. Blood flow suppresses vascular Notch signalling via dll4 and is required for angiogenesis in response to hypoxic signalling. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 100:252-61. [PMID: 23812297 PMCID: PMC3797625 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The contribution of blood flow to angiogenesis is incompletely understood. We examined the effect of blood flow on Notch signalling in the vasculature of zebrafish embryos, and whether blood flow regulates angiogenesis in zebrafish with constitutively up-regulated hypoxic signalling. Methods and results Developing zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos survive via diffusion in the absence of circulation induced by knockdown of cardiac troponin T2 or chemical cardiac cessation. The absence of blood flow increased vascular Notch signalling in 48 h post-fertilization old embryos via up-regulation of the Notch ligand dll4. Despite this, patterning of the intersegmental vessels is not affected by absent blood flow. We therefore examined homozygous vhl mutant zebrafish that have constitutively up-regulated hypoxic signalling. These display excessive and aberrant angiogenesis from 72 h post-fertilization, with significantly increased endothelial number, vessel diameter, and length. The absence of blood flow abolished these effects, though normal vessel patterning was preserved. Conclusion We show that blood flow suppresses vascular Notch signalling via down-regulation of dll4. We have also shown that blood flow is required for angiogenesis in response to hypoxic signalling but is not required for normal vessel patterning. These data indicate important differences in hypoxia-driven vs. developmental angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Watson
- Lab D38, MRC Centre for Developmental and Biomedical Genetics, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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