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Ali S, Sajjad A, Shakeel Q, Farooqi MA, Aqueel MA, Tariq K, Ullah MI, Iqbal A, Jamal A, Saeed MF, Manachini B. Influence of Bacterial Secondary Symbionts in Sitobion avenae on Its Survival Fitness against Entomopathogenic Fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13111037. [PMID: 36354861 PMCID: PMC9696637 DOI: 10.3390/insects13111037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The research was focused on the ability of wheat aphids Sitobion avenae, harboring bacterial secondary symbionts (BSS) Hamiltonella defensa or Regiella insecticola, to withstand exposure to fungal isolates of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum. In comparison to aphids lacking bacterial secondary symbionts, BSS considerably increased the lifespan of wheat aphids exposed to B. bassiana strains (Bb1022, EABb04/01-Tip) and M. brunneum strains (ART 2825 and BIPESCO 5) and also reduced the aphids' mortality. The wheat aphid clones lacking bacterial secondary symbionts were shown to be particularly vulnerable to M. brunneum strain BIPESCO 5. As opposed to wheat aphids carrying bacterial symbionts, fungal pathogens infected the wheat aphids lacking H. defensa and R. insecticola more quickly. When treated with fungal pathogens, bacterial endosymbionts had a favorable effect on the fecundity of their host aphids compared to the aphids lacking these symbionts, but there was no change in fungal sporulation on the deceased aphids. By defending their insect hosts against natural enemies, BSS increase the population of their host society and may have a significant impact on the development of their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Ali
- Department of Entomology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Asif Sajjad
- Department of Entomology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Qaiser Shakeel
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - M. Aslam Farooqi
- Department of Entomology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - M. Anjum Aqueel
- Department of Entomology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Kaleem Tariq
- Department of Agriculture Entomology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | | | - Aamir Iqbal
- Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August University, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Aftab Jamal
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farhan Saeed
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (M.F.S.); (B.M.)
| | - Barbara Manachini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 13, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.F.S.); (B.M.)
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Screening and Evaluation for Antixenosis Resistance in Wheat Accessions and Varieties to Grain Aphid, Sitobion miscanthi (Takahashi) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11081094. [PMID: 35448823 PMCID: PMC9031254 DOI: 10.3390/plants11081094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The grain aphid, Sitobion miscanthi causes serious damage by removing nutritional content from wheat plants and transmitting viral diseases. The use of resistant wheat cultivars is an effective method of aphid management. To identify S. miscanthi resistant cultivars, preliminary antixenosis resistance screening was conducted on 112 Ethiopian and 21 Chinese wheat accessions and varieties along with bioassay to test for further antixenosis resistance, identification of aphid feeding behavior using electrical penetration graph (EPG), and imaging of leaf trichome densities using a 3D microscope. According to antixenosis resistance screening, one highly-resistant, 25 moderately-resistant, and 38 slightly-resistant wheat cultivars to S. miscanthi were identified. Aphid choice tests showed that Luxuan266, 243726, and 213312 were the least preferred after 12, 24, 48, and 72 h of S. miscanthi release. Longer duration of Np, longer time to first probe, and shorter duration of E2 waveforms were recorded in Lunxuan266, 243726, and 213312 than in Beijing 837. The trichome density on adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces of Lunxuan266, 243726 and 213312 was significantly higher than on those of Beijing 837. We concluded that Lunxuan266, 243726, and 213312 were antixenosis resistant to S. miscanthi based on the choice test, EPG results, and leaf trichome densities.
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Xie H, Shi F, Li J, Yu M, Yang X, Li Y, Fan J. The Reciprocal Effect of Elevated CO 2 and Drought on Wheat-Aphid Interaction System. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:853220. [PMID: 35909776 PMCID: PMC9330134 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.853220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Due to the rising concentration of atmospheric CO2, climate change is predicted to intensify episodes of drought. However, our understanding of how combined environmental conditions, such as elevated CO2 and drought together, will influence crop-insect interactions is limited. In the present study, the direct effects of combined elevated CO2 and drought stress on wheat (Triticum aestivum) nutritional quality and insect resistance, and the indirect effects on the grain aphid (Sitobion miscanthi) performance were investigated. The results showed that, in wheat, elevated CO2 alleviated low water content caused by drought stress. Both elevated CO2 and drought promoted soluble sugar accumulation. However, opposite effects were found on amino acid content-it was decreased by elevated CO2 and increased by drought. Further, elevated CO2 down-regulated the jasmonic acid (JA) -dependent defense, but up-regulated the salicylic acid (SA)-dependent defense. Meanwhile, drought enhanced abscisic acid accumulation that promoted the JA-dependent defense. For aphids, their feeding always induced phytohormone resistance in wheat under either elevated CO2 or drought conditions. Similar aphid performance between the control and the combined two factors were observed. We concluded that the aphid damage suffered by wheat in the future under combined elevated CO2 and drier conditions tends to maintain the status quo. We further revealed the mechanism by which it happened from the aspects of wheat water content, nutrition, and resistance to aphids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haicui Xie
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Fengyu Shi
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Jingshi Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Miaomiao Yu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuetao Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yun Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Jia Fan
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jia Fan
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Pobożniak M, Gaborska M, Wójtowicz T. Resistance and tolerance of ten carrot cultivars to the hawthorn-carrot aphid, Dysaphis crataegi Kalt., in Poland. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247978. [PMID: 33651829 PMCID: PMC7924882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage caused to cultivated carrots by the hawthorn-carrot aphid,
Dysaphis crataegi Kalt. (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is one of
the factors limiting carrot production in Poland. Planting resistant and
tolerant cultivars could reduce yield losses due to the damage caused by this
pest. This study was conducted to evaluate the resistance and/or tolerance of 10
carrot genotypes to hawthorn-carrot aphid. Their field resistance was determined
under field conditions based on five indicators, namely, mean number of alates
(migrants) per plant and mean percentage of plants colonized by them, mean
seasonal number of aphids per plant, mean number of aphids per plant and mean
percentage of infested plants at peak abundance. Antibiosis experiments were
conducted under laboratory conditions and pre-reproductive, reproductive time,
fertility, and demographic parameters, represented by the net reproduction rate
(Ro), intrinsic rate of
increase (rm) and mean generation
time (T), were calculated. Five cultivars, Afro F1,
Nipomo F1, Samba F1, White Satin F1, and
Yellowstone showed field resistance. Antibiosis experiments revealed significant
differences among the carrot cultivars in the length of the reproductive period,
female fecundity in the time equal to the pre-reproduction time, and total
progeny of hawthorn-carrot aphid. The intrinsic rate of natural increase
(rm) for apterous aphids varied
significantly, ranging between 0.181 (Nipomo F1) and 0.343
females/female/day (White Satin F1). Additionally, the estimated net
reproductive rate (R0) was the lowest on Nipomo F1, and
this genotype was determined to be resistant. Our results suggest that a very
high density of trichomes on the leaf petioles (71.94 trichomes/cm2)
could adversely affect the feeding, bionomy, and demographic parameters of
hawthorn-carrot aphid on the cultivar Nipomo F1. In addition, Napa
F1 and Kongo F1 demonstrated high tolerance.
Considering all the results collectively, four genotypes, Afro F1,
Kongo F1, Napa F1 and Nipomo F1, were
relatively resistant/tolerant to the hawthorn-carrot aphid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pobożniak
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of
Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow,
Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Małgorzata Gaborska
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of
Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow,
Poland
| | - Tomasz Wójtowicz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Physiology and Seed Science, Faculty of
Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow,
Poland
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Sadras VO, Fereres E, Borrás L, Garzo E, Moreno A, Araus JL, Fereres A. Aphid Resistance: An Overlooked Ecological Dimension of Nonstructural Carbohydrates in Cereals. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:937. [PMID: 32670330 PMCID: PMC7330127 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Nonstructural carbohydrates in cereals have been widely investigated from physiological, genetic, and breeding perspectives. Nonstructural carbohydrates may contribute to grain filling, but correlations with yield are inconsistent and sometimes negative. Here we ask if there are hidden functions of nonstructural carbohydrates, advance an ecological dimension to this question, and speculate that high concentration of nonstructural carbohydrates may challenge the osmotic homeostasis of aphids, thus providing a working hypothesis that connects nonstructural carbohydrates with aphid resistance in cereals. In the light of this proposition, the amount and concentration of nonstructural carbohydrates should be regarded as functionally different traits, with amount relevant to the carbon economy of the crop and concentration playing an osmotic role. We conclude with suggestions for experiments to test our hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor O. Sadras
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Elias Fereres
- IAS-CSIC, Cordoba, Spain
- ETSIAM, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Lucas Borrás
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Campo Experimental Villarino, , Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elisa Garzo
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jose Luis Araus
- Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- AGROTECNIO Center, Lleida, Spain
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Infection pattern and negative effects of a facultative endosymbiont on its insect host are environment-dependent. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4013. [PMID: 30850675 PMCID: PMC6408509 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40607-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Regiella insecticola is a bacterial endosymbiont in insects that exhibits a negative effect on the fitness of hosts. Thus, it is not clear why this costly endosymbiont can persist in host populations. Here, we tested a hypothesis that the infection pattern and negative roles of the endosymbiont were not constant but environmentally dependent. The grain aphids Sitobion avenae, belonging to different genotypes and infected with Regiella or not, were used in this study. We found that S. avenae populations were infected with Regiella, Hamiltonella defensa, Serratia symbiotica and Rickettsia. The predominant endosymbionts in the aphid populations varied with season. Serratia and Rickettsia were predominant from December to February while Regiella predominated from March to May. The vertical transmission of Regiella was poorer at high temperature, but following conditioning for seven generations, the transmission rate improved. Regiella inhibited the production of winged aphids at 25 °C, but it did not affect winged morph production at the higher temperatures of 28 °C and 31 °C. Regiella infection decreased the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) of aphids at 25 °C and 28 °C. However, at 31 °C, the effect of Regiella on the rm varied depending on the aphid genotype and density. Thus, the negative effects of this endosymbiont on its host were environmentally dependent.
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Fakhour S, Ambroise J, Renoz F, Foray V, Gala JL, Hance T. A large-scale field study of bacterial communities in cereal aphid populations across Morocco. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2019; 94:4810747. [PMID: 29346623 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiy003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects are frequently associated with bacteria that can have significant ecological and evolutionary impacts on their hosts. To date, few studies have examined the influence of environmental factors to microbiome composition of aphids. The current work assessed the diversity of bacterial communities of five cereal aphid species (Sitobion avenae, Rhopalosiphum padi, R. maidis, Sipha maydis and Diuraphis noxia) collected across Morocco, covering a wide range of environmental conditions. We aimed to test whether symbiont combinations are host or environment specific. Deep 16S rRNA sequencing enabled us to identify 17 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The obligate symbiont Buchnera aphidicola was represented by five OTUs with multiple haplotypes in many single samples. Facultative endosymbionts were presented by a high prevalence of Regiella insecticola and Serratia symbiotica in S. avenae and Si. maydis, respectively. In addition to these symbiotic partners, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Pantoea, Erwinia and Staphyloccocus were also identified in aphids, suggesting that the aphid microbiome is not limited to the presence of endosymbiotic bacteria. Beside a significant association between host species and bacterial communities, an inverse correlation was also found between altitude and α-diversity. Overall, our results support that symbiont combinations are mainly host specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Fakhour
- National Institute of Agronomic Research (INRA), Km 18, 23000 Béni-Mellal, Morocco.,Earth and Life Institute, Biodiversity Research Centre, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Ambroise
- Center for Applied Molecular Technologies (CTMA), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
| | - François Renoz
- Earth and Life Institute, Biodiversity Research Centre, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Vincent Foray
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier, (CRBM), UMR 5237 CNRS, Université Montpellier, 1919 Route de Mende, Cedex 5, Montpellier 34293, France
| | - Jean-Luc Gala
- Center for Applied Molecular Technologies (CTMA), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
| | - Thierry Hance
- Earth and Life Institute, Biodiversity Research Centre, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
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Singer SD, Weselake RJ, Acharya S. Molecular Enhancement of Alfalfa: Improving Quality Traits for Superior Livestock Performance and Reduced Environmental Impact. CROP SCIENCE 2018; 58:55-71. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.2135/cropsci2017.07.0434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stacy D. Singer
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Lethbridge Research and Development Centre; Lethbridge AB Canada T1J 4B1
| | - Randall J. Weselake
- Dep. of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science; Univ. of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada T6G 2P5
| | - Surya Acharya
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Lethbridge Research and Development Centre; Lethbridge AB Canada T1J 4B1
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Sepúlveda DA, Zepeda-Paulo F, Ramírez CC, Lavandero B, Figueroa CC. Diversity, frequency, and geographic distribution of facultative bacterial endosymbionts in introduced aphid pests. INSECT SCIENCE 2017; 24:511-521. [PMID: 26773849 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Facultative bacterial endosymbionts in insects have been under intense study during the last years. Endosymbionts can modify the insect's phenotype, conferring adaptive advantages under environmental stress. This seems particularly relevant for a group of worldwide agricultural aphid pests, because endosymbionts modify key fitness-related traits, including host plant use, protection against natural enemies and heat tolerance. Aimed to understand the role of facultative endosymbionts on the success of introduced aphid pests, the distribution and abundance of 5 facultative endosymbionts (Hamiltonella defensa, Regiella insecticola, Serratia symbiotica, Rickettsia and Spiroplasma) were studied and compared in 4 cereal aphids (Sitobion avenae, Diuraphis noxia, Metopolophium dirhodum and Schizaphis graminium) and in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum complex from 2 agroclimatic zones in Chile. Overall, infections with facultative endosymbionts exhibited a highly variable and characteristic pattern depending on the aphid species/host race and geographic zone, which could explain the success of aphid pest populations after their introduction. While S. symbiotica and H. defensa were the most frequent endosymbionts carried by the A. pisum pea-race and A. pisum alfalfa-race aphids, respectively, the most frequent facultative endosymbiont carried by all cereal aphids was R. insecticola. Interestingly, a highly variable composition of endosymbionts carried by S. avenae was also observed between agroclimatic zones, suggesting that endosymbionts are responding differentially to abiotic variables (temperature and precipitations). In addition, our findings constitute the first report of bacterial endosymbionts in cereal aphid species not screened before, and also the first report of aphid endosymbionts in Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela A Sepúlveda
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus Centre in Molecular Ecology and Evolutionary Applications in the Agroecosystems, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile
| | | | - Claudio C Ramírez
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus Centre in Molecular Ecology and Evolutionary Applications in the Agroecosystems, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile
| | - Blas Lavandero
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile
| | - Christian C Figueroa
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus Centre in Molecular Ecology and Evolutionary Applications in the Agroecosystems, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile
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10
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Comparison of fitness traits and their plasticity on multiple plants for Sitobion avenae infected and cured of a secondary endosymbiont. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23177. [PMID: 26979151 PMCID: PMC4793262 DOI: 10.1038/srep23177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regiella insecticola has been found to enhance the performance of host aphids on certain plants, but its functional role in adaptation of host aphids to plants is still controversial. Here we evaluate the impacts of R. insecticola infections on vital life-history traits of Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), and their underlying genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity on three plants. It was shown that effects of R. insecticola on S. avenae’s fitness (i.e., developmental time and fecundity) were neutral on oat or wheat, but negative on rye. Infections of R. insecticola modified genetic variation that underlies S. avenae’s life-history traits. This was demonstrated by comparing life-history trait heritabilities between aphid lines with and without R. insecticola. Moreover, there were enhanced negative genetic correlations between developmental time and fecundity for R. insecticola infected lines, and structural differences in G-matrices of life-history traits for the two types of aphid lines. In R. insecticola-infected aphid lines, there were increases in plasticities for developmental times of first and second instar nymphs and for fecundity, showing novel functional roles of bacterial symbionts in plant-insect interactions. The identified effects of R. insecticola infections could have significant implications for the ecology and evolution of its host populations in natural conditions.
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11
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Alkhedir H, Karlovsky P, Mashaly AMA, Vidal S. Phylogenetic Relationships of the Symbiotic Bacteria in the Aphid Sitobion avenae (Hemiptera: Aphididae). ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 44:1358-1366. [PMID: 26314016 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvv114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Aphids have developed symbiotic associations with different bacterial species, and some morphological and molecular analyses have provided evidence of the host relationship between the primary symbiotic bacteria (Buchnera aphidicola) and the aphid while the contrary with the secondary symbiotic bacteria. In this study, we investigated the phylogenetic relationships of the bacterial endosymbionts in the aphid Sitobion avenae (F.). We characterized all bacterial endosymbionts in 10 genetically defined S. avenae clones by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and, from these clones, sequenced the 16S rRNA genes of both the primary endosymbiont, B. aphidicola (for the first time), and the secondary endosymbionts, Regiella insecticola and Hamiltonella defensa (for the first time). The phylogenetic analysis indicated that Buchnera from Sitobion related to those in Macrosiphoni. The analysis of the secondary endosymbionts indicated that there is no host relationship between H. defensa and R. insecticola from Sitobion and those from other aphid species. In this study, therefore, we identified further evidence for the relationship between Buchnera and its host and reported a relationship within the secondary endosymbionts of S. avenae from the same country, even though there were no relationships between the secondary bacteria and their host. We also discussed the diversity within the symbiotic bacteria in S. avenae clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Alkhedir
- Agricultural Entomology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Grisebachstrasse 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany. Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Grisebachstrasse 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Petr Karlovsky
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Grisebachstrasse 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ashraf Mohamed Ali Mashaly
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Minia University, 61519 El Minia, Egypt
| | - Stefan Vidal
- Agricultural Entomology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Grisebachstrasse 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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12
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Cassone BJ, Redinbaugh MG, Dorrance AE, Michel AP. Shifts in Buchnera aphidicola density in soybean aphids (Aphis glycines) feeding on virus-infected soybean. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 24:422-31. [PMID: 25845267 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Vertically transmitted bacterial symbionts are common in arthropods. Aphids undergo an obligate symbiosis with Buchnera aphidicola, which provides essential amino acids to its host and contributes directly to nymph growth and reproduction. We previously found that newly adult Aphis glycines feeding on soybean infected with the beetle-transmitted Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) had significantly reduced fecundity. We hypothesized that the reduced fecundity was attributable to detrimental impacts of the virus on the aphid microbiome, namely Buchnera. To test this, mRNA sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR were used to assay Buchnera transcript abundance and titre in A. glycines feeding on Soybean mosaic virus-infected, BPMV-infected, and healthy soybean for up to 14 days. Our results indicated that Buchnera density was lower and ultimately suppressed in aphids feeding on virus-infected soybean. While the decreased Buchnera titre may be associated with reduced aphid fecundity, additional mechanisms are probably involved. The present report begins to describe how interactions among insects, plants, and plant pathogens influence endosymbiont population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan J Cassone
- Center for Applied Plant Sciences, The Ohio State University, OARDC, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, OARDC, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - Margaret G Redinbaugh
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, OARDC, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
- USDA, ARS Corn, Soybean and Wheat Quality Research Unit, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - Anne E Dorrance
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, OARDC, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - Andrew P Michel
- Department of Entomology, the Ohio State University, OARDC, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
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The diversity and fitness effects of infection with facultative endosymbionts in the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae. Oecologia 2013; 173:985-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-013-2660-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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