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Huang X, Cao F, Zhao W, Ma P, Yang X, Ding S. Influence of formaldehyde exposure on the molecules of the NO/cGMP-cAMP signaling pathway in different brain regions of Balb/c mice. Toxicol Ind Health 2024; 40:23-32. [PMID: 37921628 DOI: 10.1177/07482337231210942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
This toxicology study was conducted to assess the impact of formaldehyde, a common air pollutant found in Chinese gymnasiums, on the brain function of athletes. In this research, a total of 24 Balb/c male mice of SPF-grade were divided into four groups, each consisting of six mice. The mice were exposed to formaldehyde at different concentrations, including 0 mg/m3, 0.5 mg/m3, 3.0 mg/m3, and 3.0 mg/m3 in combination with an injection of L-NMMA (NG-monomethyl-L-arginine), which is a nitric oxide synthase antagonist. Following a one-week test period (8 h per day, over 7 days), measurements of biomarkers related to the nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP-cAMP signaling pathway were carried out on the experimental animals post-treatment. The study found that: (1) Exposure to formaldehyde can lead to brain cell apoptosis and neurotoxicity; (2) Additionally, formaldehyde exposure was found to alter the biomarkers of the NO/cGMP-cAMP signaling pathway, with some changes being statistically significant (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01); (3) The use of L-NMMA, an antagonist of the NO/cGMP-cAMP signaling pathway, was found to prevent these biomarker changes and had a protective effect on brain cells. The study suggests that the negative impact of formaldehyde on the brain function of mice is linked to the regulation of the NO/cGMP-cAMP signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fenghua Cao
- School of Life Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Life Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Ma
- Industrial Technology Research Institute of Intelligent Health, Hubei University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Xu Yang
- School of Life Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- Industrial Technology Research Institute of Intelligent Health, Hubei University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Shumao Ding
- School of Life Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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2
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Kaltsas A, Zikopoulos A, Moustakli E, Zachariou A, Tsirka G, Tsiampali C, Palapela N, Sofikitis N, Dimitriadis F. The Silent Threat to Women's Fertility: Uncovering the Devastating Effects of Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1490. [PMID: 37627485 PMCID: PMC10451552 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS), which arises through an imbalance between the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defenses, plays a key role in the pathophysiology of female infertility, with the latter constituting just one of a number of diseases linked to OS as a potential cause. The aim of the present article is to review the literature regarding the association between OS and female infertility. Among the reproductive diseases considered are endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), while environmental pollutants, lifestyle variables, and underlying medical conditions possibly resulting in OS are additionally examined. Current evidence points to OS likely contributing to the pathophysiology of the above reproductive disorders, with the amount of damage done by OS being influenced by such variables as duration and severity of exposure and the individual's age and genetic predisposition. Also discussed are the processes via which OS may affect female fertility, these including DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. Finally, the last section of the manuscript contains an evaluation of treatment options, including antioxidants and lifestyle modification, capable of minimizing OS in infertile women. The prime message underlined by this review is the importance of considering OS in the diagnosis and treatment of female infertility. Further studies are, nevertheless required to identify the best treatment regimen and its ideal duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aris Kaltsas
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.K.); (A.Z.); (A.Z.); (N.S.)
| | - Athanasios Zikopoulos
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.K.); (A.Z.); (A.Z.); (N.S.)
| | - Efthalia Moustakli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics in Clinical Practice, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Athanasios Zachariou
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.K.); (A.Z.); (A.Z.); (N.S.)
| | - Georgia Tsirka
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics in Clinical Practice, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.M.); (G.T.)
| | | | - Natalia Palapela
- Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Nikolaos Sofikitis
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.K.); (A.Z.); (A.Z.); (N.S.)
| | - Fotios Dimitriadis
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Aschner M, Skalny AV, Ke T, da Rocha JBT, Paoliello MMB, Santamaria A, Bornhorst J, Rongzhu L, Svistunov AA, Djordevic AB, Tinkov AA. Hydrogen Sulfide (H 2S) Signaling as a Protective Mechanism against Endogenous and Exogenous Neurotoxicants. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1908-1924. [PMID: 35236265 PMCID: PMC9886801 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220302101854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In view of the significant role of H2S in brain functioning, it is proposed that H2S may also possess protective effects against adverse effects of neurotoxicants. Therefore, the objective of the present review is to discuss the neuroprotective effects of H2S against toxicity of a wide spectrum of endogenous and exogenous agents involved in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases as etiological factors or key players in disease pathogenesis. Generally, the existing data demonstrate that H2S possesses neuroprotective effects upon exposure to endogenous (amyloid β, glucose, and advanced-glycation end-products, homocysteine, lipopolysaccharide, and ammonia) and exogenous (alcohol, formaldehyde, acrylonitrile, metals, 6-hydroxydopamine, as well as 1-methyl-4-phenyl- 1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and its metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridine ion (MPP)) neurotoxicants. On the one hand, neuroprotective effects are mediated by S-sulfhydration of key regulators of antioxidant (Sirt1, Nrf2) and inflammatory response (NF-κB), resulting in the modulation of the downstream signaling, such as SIRT1/TORC1/CREB/BDNF-TrkB, Nrf2/ARE/HO-1, or other pathways. On the other hand, H2S appears to possess a direct detoxicative effect by binding endogenous (ROS, AGEs, Aβ) and exogenous (MeHg) neurotoxicants, thus reducing their toxicity. Moreover, the alteration of H2S metabolism through the inhibition of H2S-synthetizing enzymes in the brain (CBS, 3-MST) may be considered a significant mechanism of neurotoxicity. Taken together, the existing data indicate that the modulation of cerebral H2S metabolism may be used as a neuroprotective strategy to counteract neurotoxicity of a wide spectrum of endogenous and exogenous neurotoxicants associated with neurodegeneration (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease), fetal alcohol syndrome, hepatic encephalopathy, environmental neurotoxicant exposure, etc. In this particular case, modulation of H2S-synthetizing enzymes or the use of H2S-releasing drugs should be considered as the potential tools, although the particular efficiency and safety of such interventions are to be addressed in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Aschner
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; E-mail
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Coburn RF. Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitric Oxide, and Hydrogen Sulfide Signaling During Acute CO Poisoning. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:830241. [PMID: 35370627 PMCID: PMC8972574 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.830241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Major toxic effects of acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning result from increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) producing oxidative stress. The importance of altered nitric oxide (NO) signaling in evoking increases in RNS during CO poisoning has been established. Although there is extensive literature describing NO and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) signaling in different types of cells under normal conditions, how CO poisoning-evoked deregulation of additional NO signaling pathways and H2S signaling pathways could result in cell injury has not been previously considered in detail. The goal of this article was to do this. The approach was to use published data to describe signaling pathways driven by CO bonding to different ferroproteins and then to collate data that describe NO and H2S signaling pathways that could interact with CO signaling pathways and be important during CO poisoning. Arteriolar smooth muscle cells—endothelial cells located in the coronary and some cerebral circulations—were used as a model to illustrate major signaling pathways driven by CO bonding to different ferroproteins. The results were consistent with the concept that multiple deregulated and interacting NO and H2S signaling pathways can be involved in producing cell injury evoked during acute CO poisoning and that these pathways interact with CO signaling pathways.
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Rana I, Rieswijk L, Steinmaus C, Zhang L. Formaldehyde and Brain Disorders: A Meta-Analysis and Bioinformatics Approach. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:924-948. [PMID: 33400181 PMCID: PMC8102312 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00320-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
While there is significant investigation and investment in brain and neurodegenerative disease research, current understanding of the etiologies of illnesses like Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and brain cancer remains limited. Environmental exposure to the pollutant formaldehyde, an emerging neurotoxin widely used in industry, is suspected to play a critical role in mediating these disorders, although findings are limited and inconsistent. Focusing on highly exposed groups, we performed a meta-analysis of human epidemiological studies of formaldehyde and neurodegenerative disease (N = 19) or brain tumors (N = 12). To assess the biological plausibility of observed associations, we then conducted a bioinformatics analysis using WikiPathways and the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database and identified candidate genes and pathways that may be related to these interactions. We reported the meta-relative risk (meta-RR) of ALS following high exposures to formaldehyde was increased by 78% (meta-RR = 1.78, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.20-2.65). Similarly, the meta-RR for brain cancer was increased by 71% (meta-RR = 1.71; 95% CI 1.07-2.73) among highly exposed individuals. Multiple sensitivity analyses did not reveal sources of heterogeneity or bias. Our bioinformatics analysis revealed that the oxidative stress genes superoxide dismutase (SOD1, SOD2) and the pro-inflammatory marker tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were identified as the top relevant genes, and the folate metabolism, vitamin B12 metabolism, and the ALS pathways were highly affected by formaldehyde and related to the most brain diseases of interest. Further inquiry revealed the two metabolic pathways are also intimately tied with the formaldehyde cycle. Overall, our bioinformatics analysis supports the link of formaldehyde exposure to ALS or brain tumor reported from our meta-analysis. This new multifactorial approach enabled us to both interrogate the robustness of the epidemiological data and identify genes and pathways that may be involved in these interactions, ultimately lending strong evidence and potential biological plausibility for the association between formaldehyde exposure and brain disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iemaan Rana
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Linda Rieswijk
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Institute of Data Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Craig Steinmaus
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Luoping Zhang
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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6
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Hua Y, Ma C, Huang S, Wang R, Chen J, Guo Q, Zhou J, Zhu H, Li W. Toxic effects of formaldehyde and the protective effect of docosahexaenoic acid in Drosophila. Transl Neurosci 2021; 12:351-361. [PMID: 34703626 PMCID: PMC8491587 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) is a commercially important chemical applied in industry and scientific research. However, FA has a distinct impact on learning and memory. Although the mechanisms of FA toxicity have been well studied, additional research is required to establish the mechanisms of neuroprotection in cases of FA exposure. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid with a variety of health benefits, including the enhancement of learning and memory. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of DHA in Drosophila melanogaster that had ingested FA. Our data suggested that DHA enhanced reproductive processes, leading to an increase in the number of eggs, larvae, and adults. Surprisingly, we found that DHA had a mild protective effect against FA-induced impairments in learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Hua
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Shuyi Huang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Ruomeng Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Qing Guo
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhou
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Hemin Zhu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
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7
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Li F, Gong S, Zhang H, Ding S. Learning and memory impairment of mice caused by gaseous formaldehyde. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 184:109318. [PMID: 32151841 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to study the e of formaldehyde exposure on learning and memory ability of mice. We used Kun Ming (KM) mice to demonstrate the neurotoxic effects of FA, and Balb/c mice to explore the neurobiological mechanism. The Morris water maze (MWM) test showed that the exposure of gaseous formaldehyde could cause spatial learning and memory impairment in mice. H & E staining showed that in the 3.0 mg/m3 formaldehyde exposed group, the arrangement of pyramidal cells in CA1 area of mouse hippocampus was loose and disordered, the cell morphology was swollen and deformed, and the apical dendrites were shortened or even disappeared. Biochemical indicators revealed high doses of FA exposure could cause oxidative damage in brain. Compared with the control group, there were significant differences in the levels of ROS, MDA, GSH and 8-OHDG in the 3.0 mg/m3 group (P < 0.01), also the monoamine neurotransmitters content and the content of TNF-α, IL-1β and Caspase-3 (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the concentrations of cAMP, cGMP, NO and the activity of NOS in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and brain stem after high doses of FA exposure were significantly different from those in the control group, indicating that FA exposure could interfere with the transduction of NO/cGMP signaling pathway. The results showed that FA could induce cognitive deficits and this extended investigation found that the toxicity of FA to the mouse nervous system is related to the NO/cGMP and cAMP signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhong Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China.
| | - Siying Gong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China.
| | - Hongmao Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China.
| | - Shumao Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China.
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8
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Zhang J, Shi C, Wang H, Gao C, Chang P, Chen X, Shan H, Zhang M, Tao L. Hydrogen sulfide protects against cell damage through modulation of PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 117:105636. [PMID: 31654751 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.105636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide as the third endogenous gaseous mediator had protective effects against traumatic brain injury-induced neuronal damage in mice. However, the exact pathophysiological mechanism underlying traumatic brain injury is complicated and the protective role of H2S is not yet fully known. Therefore, we combined the mechanical injury (scratch) with secondary injury including metabolic impairment (no glucose) together to investigate the underlying cellular mechanism of hydrogen sulfide in vitro models of traumatic brain injury. In the present study, we found that H2S could prevent the scratch-induced decrease in the expression of cystathionine-β-synthetase, a key enzyme involved in the source of hydrogen sulfide, and endogenous hydrogen sulfide generation in PC12 cells. We also found that hydrogen sulfide could prevent scratch-induced cellular injury, alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species and cell death (autophagic cell death and apoptosis) in PC12 cells. It was also found that blocking PI3K/AKT pathway by LY294002, abolished the protection of H2S against scratch-induced cellular reactive oxygen species level and NRF2 accumulation and function in the nucleus. These results suggest that hydrogen sulfide protects against cell damage induced by scratch injury through modulation of the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway. This study raises the possibility that hydrogen sulfide may have therapeutic efficacy in traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhang
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chaoqun Shi
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Haochen Wang
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Cheng Gao
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Pan Chang
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Xiping Chen
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Haiyan Shan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Mingyang Zhang
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; School of Pharmacy, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Luyang Tao
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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9
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Hydrogen Sulfide Inhibits Formaldehyde-Induced Senescence in HT-22 Cells via Upregulation of Leptin Signaling. Neuromolecular Med 2019; 21:192-203. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-019-08536-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Yang SQ, Jiang L, Lan F, Wei HJ, Xie M, Zou W, Zhang P, Wang CY, Xie YR, Tang XQ. Inhibited Endogenous H 2S Generation and Excessive Autophagy in Hippocampus Contribute to Sleep Deprivation-Induced Cognitive Impairment. Front Psychol 2019; 10:53. [PMID: 30733697 PMCID: PMC6353847 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Sleep deprivation (SD) causes deficit of cognition, but the mechanisms remain to be fully established. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays an important role in the formation of cognition, while excessive and prolonged autophagy in hippocampus triggers cognitive disorder. In this work, we proposed that disturbances in hippocampal endogenous H2S generation and autophagy might be involved in SD-induced cognitive impairment. Methods: After treatment of adult male wistar rats with 72-h SD, the Y-maze test, object location test (OLT), novel object recognition test (NORT) and the Morris water maze (MWM) test were performed to determine the cognitive function. The autophagosome formation was observed with electron microscope. Generation of endogenous H2S in the hippocampus of rats was detected using unisense H2S microsensor method. The expressions of cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST), beclin-1, light chain LC3 II/LC3 I, and p62 in the hippocampus were assessed by western blotting. Results: The Y-maze, OLT, NORT, and MWM test demonstrated that SD-exposed rats exhibited cognitive dysfunction. SD triggered the elevation of hippocampal autophagy as evidenced by enhancement of autophagosome, up-regulations of beclin-1 and LC3 II/LC3 I, and down-regulation of p62. Meanwhile, the generation of endogenous H2S and the expressions of CBS and 3-MST (H2S producing enzyme) in the hippocampus of SD-treated rats were reduced. Conclusion: These results suggested that inhibition of endogenous H2S generation and excessiveness of autophagy in hippocampus are involved in SD-induced cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Qiao Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Fang Lan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hai-Jun Wei
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Ming Xie
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wei Zou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Chun-Yan Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yu-Rong Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Tang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
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11
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Shindyapina AV, Komarova TV, Sheshukova EV, Ershova NM, Tashlitsky VN, Kurkin AV, Yusupov IR, Mkrtchyan GV, Shagidulin MY, Dorokhov YL. The Antioxidant Cofactor Alpha-Lipoic Acid May Control Endogenous Formaldehyde Metabolism in Mammals. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:651. [PMID: 29249928 PMCID: PMC5717020 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The healthy human body contains small amounts of metabolic formaldehyde (FA) that mainly results from methanol oxidation by pectin methylesterase, which is active in a vegetable diet and in the gastrointestinal microbiome. With age, the ability to maintain a low level of FA decreases, which increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease and dementia. It has been shown that 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoic acid or alpha lipoic acid (ALA), a naturally occurring dithiol and antioxidant cofactor of mitochondrial α-ketoacid dehydrogenases, increases glutathione (GSH) content and FA metabolism by mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) thus manifests a therapeutic potential beyond its antioxidant property. We suggested that ALA can contribute to a decrease in the FA content of mammals by acting on ALDH2 expression. To test this assumption, we administered ALA in mice in order to examine the effect on FA metabolism and collected blood samples for the measurement of FA. Our data revealed that ALA efficiently eliminated FA in mice. Without affecting the specific activity of FA-metabolizing enzymes (ADH1, ALDH2, and ADH5), ALA increased the GSH content in the brain and up-regulated the expression of the FA-metabolizing ALDH2 gene in the brain, particularly in the hippocampus, but did not impact its expression in the liver in vivo or in rat liver isolated from the rest of the body. After ALA administration in mice and in accordance with the increased content of brain ALDH2 mRNA, we detected increased ALDH2 activity in brain homogenates. We hypothesized that the beneficial effects of ALA on patients with Alzheimer's disease may be associated with accelerated ALDH2-mediated FA detoxification and clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia V Shindyapina
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry of Nucleoproteins, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Komarova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry of Nucleoproteins, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Sheshukova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry of Nucleoproteins, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia M Ershova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry of Nucleoproteins, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Ildar R Yusupov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Garik V Mkrtchyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry of Nucleoproteins, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Murat Y Shagidulin
- Academician V. I. Schumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri L Dorokhov
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry of Nucleoproteins, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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12
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Zendehdel R, Abdolmaleki P, Jouni FJ, Mazinani M. Genetic variation and risk of DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of Iranian formaldehyde-exposed workers. Hum Exp Toxicol 2017; 37:690-696. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327117728385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) has given positive results for the genetic damage evaluated in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Polymorphism plays a special role in the toxicity of chemicals. DNA damage in blood cells was evaluated in workers who were occupationally exposed to FA. This study tested the association of alcohol dehydrogenase III (ADH3) and manganese-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) gene polymorphism, with DNA damage of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Gene polymorphisms were evaluated in 54 workers from melamine dinnerware workshops and 34 workers from dairy production workshops. The control and exposed population were matched based on age, smoking, work history and socioeconomic status. DNA damage was evaluated by alkaline comet assay in the peripheral blood lymphocytes. ADH3 and Mn-SOD genotypes were determined in all workers using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism method. DNA damage of lymphocyte cells was significantly higher ( p < 0.001) in the exposed individuals in comparison with the control population. The examinations of the exposed group had revealed significantly higher ( p < 0.01) variant of Val/Val of Mn-SOD compared to control group. In workers with ADH32–2 variant, significantly higher levels of DNA damage ( p < 0.01) were observed than the control population with the same genotype. It could be concluded that enzymes involved in the metabolism of FA and oxidative stress controlling are two important effective parameters for DNA damage of peripheral blood lymphocytes in exposed people. These results are regarded as a pioneer investigation for the management of health risks assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Zendehdel
- Department of Occupational Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Abdolmaleki
- Department of Biophysics, School of Bioscience, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Javani Jouni
- Department of Biophysics, School of Bioscience, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mazinani
- Department of Occupational Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Eom HJ, Liu Y, Kwak GS, Heo M, Song KS, Chung YD, Chon TS, Choi J. Inhalation toxicity of indoor air pollutants in Drosophila melanogaster using integrated transcriptomics and computational behavior analyses. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28621308 PMCID: PMC5472918 DOI: 10.1038/srep46473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted an inhalation toxicity test on the alternative animal model, Drosophila melanogaster, to investigate potential hazards of indoor air pollution. The inhalation toxicity of toluene and formaldehyde was investigated using comprehensive transcriptomics and computational behavior analyses. The ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) based on microarray data suggests the involvement of pathways related to immune response, stress response, and metabolism in formaldehyde and toluene exposure based on hub molecules. We conducted a toxicity test using mutants of the representative genes in these pathways to explore the toxicological consequences of alterations of these pathways. Furthermore, extensive computational behavior analysis showed that exposure to either toluene or formaldehyde reduced most of the behavioral parameters of both wild-type and mutants. Interestingly, behavioral alteration caused by toluene or formaldehyde exposure was most severe in the p38b mutant, suggesting that the defects in the p38 pathway underlie behavioral alteration. Overall, the results indicate that exposure to toluene and formaldehyde via inhalation causes severe toxicity in Drosophila, by inducing significant alterations in gene expression and behavior, suggesting that Drosophila can be used as a potential alternative model in inhalation toxicity screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jeong Eom
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Siripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02504, Korea
| | - Yuedan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Air Pollution Control of Guangdong Province, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, the Ministry of Environment Protection of PRC, Guangzhou 510065, China
| | - Gyu-Suk Kwak
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil, Geumjeoung-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Muyoung Heo
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil, Geumjeoung-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Kyung Seuk Song
- Toxicity Evaluation Center, Korea Conformity Laboratories (KCL), 8, Gaetbeol-ro 145beon-gil, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21999, Korea
| | - Yun Doo Chung
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, 163 Siripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02504, Korea
| | - Tae-Soo Chon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil, Geumjeoung-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Jinhee Choi
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Siripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02504, Korea
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14
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Kumar M, Modi M, Sandhir R. Hydrogen sulfide attenuates homocysteine-induced cognitive deficits and neurochemical alterations by improving endogenous hydrogen sulfide levels. Biofactors 2017; 43:434-450. [PMID: 28394038 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hyperomocysteinemia (HHcy) has been associated with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) has been suggested to be an endogenous modulator of neuronal functions. However, the effect and mechanisms involved in beneficial effect of H2 S has not been investigated in homocysteine (Hcy)-induced cognitive deficits. This study has been designed to evaluate the effect of exogenous H2 S on behavioral deficits and neurochemical alterations in HHcy animals. Hcy levels were significantly elevated in plasma, cortex, and hippocampus of Hcy administered animals. A progressive decline in memory functions and increased anxiolytic behavior was observed in HHcy animals. This was accompanied by decrease in endogenous H2 S levels along with decreased activity of cystathionase (CSE) and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS). However, a significant increase in CSE and CBS mRNAs was observed. In addition, the catecholamine and serotonin levels were reduced and the activity of monoamine oxidase A and B were increased in brain regions of HHcy animals. Haematoxylin and eosin staining revealed higher number of pyknotic cells in brain regions of HHcy animals. H2 S administration was found to lower elevated plasma and brain Hcy levels. The activities of CBS, CSE, and levels of H2 S were restored in HHcy animals administered H2 S. Exogenous H2 S also ameliorated behavioral deficits accompanied by significant increase in catecholamines. Histological analysis revealed normal cell morphology in Hcy-treated animals supplemented with H2 S. These results clearly demonstrate that the protective effect of H2 S on Hcy-induced cognitive deficits is mediated through increased catecholamine and H2 S levels thereby suggesting its beneficial role in preventing HHcy-induced neurodegeneration. © 2016 BioFactors, 43(3):434-450, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Manish Modi
- Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Rajat Sandhir
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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15
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Chen Y, Zhou CF, Xiao F, Huang HL, Zhang P, Gu HF, Tang XQ. Inhibition of ALDH2 protects PC12 cells against formaldehyde-induced cytotoxicity: involving the protection of hydrogen sulphide. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 44:595-601. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study; Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology; University of South China; Hengyang Hunan China
- Institute of Neuroscience; Medical College; University of South China; Hengyang Hunan China
| | - Cheng-Fang Zhou
- Institute of Neuroscience; Medical College; University of South China; Hengyang Hunan China
| | - Fan Xiao
- Institute of Neuroscience; Medical College; University of South China; Hengyang Hunan China
| | - Hong-Lin Huang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study; Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology; University of South China; Hengyang Hunan China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurology; Nanhua Affiliated Hospital; University of South China; Hengyang Hunan China
| | - Hong-Feng Gu
- Institute of Neuroscience; Medical College; University of South China; Hengyang Hunan China
| | - Xiao-Qing Tang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study; Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology; University of South China; Hengyang Hunan China
- Institute of Neuroscience; Medical College; University of South China; Hengyang Hunan China
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16
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Ko H, Jeong Y, Kim M. Cytotoxicities and genotoxicities of cements based on calcium silicate and of dental formocresol. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2017; 815:28-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Mostafa DK, Ismail CA, Ghareeb DA. Differential metformin dose-dependent effects on cognition in rats: role of Akt. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:2513-24. [PMID: 27113224 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4301-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONAL Epidemiological evidence suggests that individuals with diabetes mellitus are at greater risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, and controversy overwhelms the usefulness of the widely prescribed insulin-sensitizing drug, metformin, on cognition. OBJECTIVES Through the scopolamine-induced memory deficit model, we investigated metformin influence on cognitive dysfunction and explored underlying mechanisms. METHODS Sixty adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 5 groups (12 rats each) to receive either normal saline, scopolamine 1 mg/kg intraperitoneally once daily, scopolamine + oral metformin (100 mg/kg/day), scopolamine + oral metformin (300 mg/kg/day) or scopolamine + oral rivastigmine (0.75 mg/kg/day) for 14 days. Cognitive behaviours were tested using Morris water maze and passive avoidance tasks. Biochemically, brain oxidative (malondialdehyde) and inflammatory (TNF-α) markers, nitric oxide, Akt, phospho-Akt, phospho-tau and acetyl cholinesterase activity in hippocampal and cortical tissues were assessed. RESULTS The lower dose of metformin (100 mg/kg) ameliorated scopolamine-induced impaired performance in both Morris water maze and passive avoidance tasks, and was associated with significant reduction of inflammation and to a lesser extent oxidative stress versus rivastigmine. Given the role of total Akt in regulation of abnormal tau accumulation and degradation, our finding that metformin 100 decreased the elevated total Akt while increasing its phosphorylated form explains its beneficial modulatory effect on phosphorylated tau in both tissues, and could further clarify its protection against memory impairment. CONCLUSION Metformin, only in the average human antidiabetic dose, offers a protective effect against scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment, while no deleterious effect was observed with the higher dose, which may support a bonus effect of metformin in type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia K Mostafa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Almoassat medical Campus, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Cherine A Ismail
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Almoassat medical Campus, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Doaa A Ghareeb
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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18
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Mostafa DK, El Azhary NM, Nasra RA. The hydrogen sulfide releasing compounds ATB-346 and diallyl trisulfide attenuate streptozotocin-induced cognitive impairment, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress in rats: involvement of asymmetric dimethylarginine. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:699-708. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has attracted interest as a gaseous mediator involved in diverse processes in the nervous system, particularly with respect to learning and memory. However, its therapeutic potential in Alzheimer disease (AD) is not fully explored. Therefore, the effects of H2S-releasing compounds against AD-like behavioural and biochemical abnormalities were investigated. Memory deficit was induced by intracerberoventicular injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 3 mg·kg−1). Animals were randomly assigned into 5 groups (12 rats each): normal control, STZ treated, and 3 drug-treated groups receiving naproxen, H2S-releasing naproxen (ATB-346), and diallyl trisulfide in 20, 32, 40 mg·kg−1·day−1, respectively. Memory function was assessed by passive avoidance and T-maze tasks. After 21 days, hippocampal IL-6, malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione (GSH), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and acetylcholinestrase activity were determined. ATB-346 and diallyl trisulfide ameliorated behavioural performance and reduced malondialdehyde, ADMA, and acetylcholinestrase activity while increasing GSH. This study demonstrates the beneficial effects of H2S release in STZ-induced memory impairment by modulation of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and cholinergic function. It also delineates the implication of ADMA to the cognitive impairment induced by STZ. These findings draw the attention to H2S-releasing compounds as new candidates for treating neurodegenerative disorders that have prominent oxidative and inflammatory components such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia K. Mostafa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nesrine M. El Azhary
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rasha A. Nasra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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19
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Arecoline Induces Neurotoxicity to PC12 Cells: Involvement in ER Stress and Disturbance of Endogenous H2S Generation. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:2140-8. [PMID: 27255601 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1929-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Arecoline is a major alkaloid of areca nut and has been effect on central nervous system. Although arecoline-induced neurotoxicity has been reported, the possible underlying neurotoxic mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. Increasing evidences have shown that both excessive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and disturbance of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production are involved in the pathophysiology of numerous neurodegenerative diseases. Here, the purpose of present study was to verify whether ER stress and the disturbance of endogenous H2S generation are also involved in arecoline-caused neurotoxicity. We found that treatment of PC12 cells with arecoline induced the down-regulation of cells viability and up-regulation of apoptosis and the activity of caspase-3, indicating the neurotoxic role of arecoline to PC12 cells. In addition, arecoline also increased the expression of Bax (pro-apoptotic protein) and attenuated the expression of Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic protein) in PC12 cells. Simultaneously, arecoline caused excessive ER stress in PC12 cells, as evidenced by the up-regulations of Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), and Cleaved caspase-12 expressions. Notably, the level of H2S in the culture supernatant and the expressions of cystathionine β-synthase and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (two major enzymes for endogenous H2S generation in PC12 cells) were also reduced by arecoline treatment. These results indicate that arecoline-caused neurotoxicity to PC12 cells is involved in ER stress and disturbance of endogenous H2S generation and suggest that the modulation of ER stress and endogenous H2S generation may be potential therapeutic approach in treatment of arecoline-caused neurotoxicity.
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20
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AP39, a Mitochondria-Targeted Hydrogen Sulfide Donor, Supports Cellular Bioenergetics and Protects against Alzheimer's Disease by Preserving Mitochondrial Function in APP/PS1 Mice and Neurons. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:8360738. [PMID: 27057285 PMCID: PMC4753001 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8360738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that mitochondrial functions are altered in AD and play an important role in AD pathogenesis. It has been established that H2S homeostasis is balanced in AD. The emerging mitochondrial roles of H2S include antioxidation, antiapoptosis, and the modulation of cellular bioenergetics. Here, using primary neurons from the well-characterized APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model, we studied the effects of AP39 (a newly synthesized mitochondrially targeted H2S donor) on mitochondrial function. AP39 increased intracellular H2S levels, mainly in mitochondrial regions. AP39 exerted dose-dependent effects on mitochondrial activity in APP/PS1 neurons, including increased cellular bioenergy metabolism and cell viability at low concentrations (25–100 nM) and decreased energy production and cell viability at a high concentration (250 nM). Furthermore, AP39 (100 nM) increased ATP levels, protected mitochondrial DNA, and decreased ROS generation. AP39 regulated mitochondrial dynamics, shifting from fission toward fusion. After 6 weeks, AP39 administration to APP/PS1 mice significantly ameliorated their spatial memory deficits in the Morris water maze and NORT and reduced Aβ deposition in their brains. Additionally, AP39 inhibited brain atrophy in APP/PS1 mice. Based on these results, AP39 was proposed as a promising drug candidate for AD treatment, and its anti-AD mechanism may involve protection against mitochondrial damage.
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21
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Tereshina EV, Laskavy VN, Ivanenko SI. Four components of the conjugated redox system in organisms: Carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 80:1186-200. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915090096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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22
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Li G, Yang J, Ling S. Formaldehyde exposure alters miRNA expression profiles in the olfactory bulb. Inhal Toxicol 2015; 27:387-93. [PMID: 26161908 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2015.1062580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that inhaling formaldehyde (FA) causes damage to the central nervous system. However, it is unclear whether FA can disturb the function of the olfactory bulb. Using a microarray, we found that FA inhalation altered the miRNA expression profile. Functional enrichment analysis of the predicted targets of the changed miRNA showed that the enrichment canonical pathways and networks associated with cancer and transcriptional regulation. FA exposure disrupts miRNA expression profiles within the olfactory bulb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifa Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , P.R. China
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23
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Dorokhov YL, Shindyapina AV, Sheshukova EV, Komarova TV. Metabolic methanol: molecular pathways and physiological roles. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:603-44. [PMID: 25834233 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00034.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Methanol has been historically considered an exogenous product that leads only to pathological changes in the human body when consumed. However, in normal, healthy individuals, methanol and its short-lived oxidized product, formaldehyde, are naturally occurring compounds whose functions and origins have received limited attention. There are several sources of human physiological methanol. Fruits, vegetables, and alcoholic beverages are likely the main sources of exogenous methanol in the healthy human body. Metabolic methanol may occur as a result of fermentation by gut bacteria and metabolic processes involving S-adenosyl methionine. Regardless of its source, low levels of methanol in the body are maintained by physiological and metabolic clearance mechanisms. Although human blood contains small amounts of methanol and formaldehyde, the content of these molecules increases sharply after receiving even methanol-free ethanol, indicating an endogenous source of the metabolic methanol present at low levels in the blood regulated by a cluster of genes. Recent studies of the pathogenesis of neurological disorders indicate metabolic formaldehyde as a putative causative agent. The detection of increased formaldehyde content in the blood of both neurological patients and the elderly indicates the important role of genetic and biochemical mechanisms of maintaining low levels of methanol and formaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri L Dorokhov
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; and N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia V Shindyapina
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; and N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Sheshukova
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; and N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Komarova
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; and N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
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Tan H, Zou W, Jiang J, Tian Y, Xiao Z, Bi L, Zeng H, Tang X. Disturbance of hippocampal H2S generation contributes to CUMS-induced depression-like behavior: involvement in endoplasmic reticulum stress of hippocampus. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2015; 47:285-91. [PMID: 25736403 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model is a widely used experimental model of depression. Exogenous stress-induced neuronal cell death in the hippocampus is closely associated with the pathogenesis of depression. Excessive and prolonged endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress triggers cell death. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), the third endogenous signaling gasotransmitter, plays an important role in brain functions as a neuromodulator and a neuroprotectant. We hypothesized that the disturbance of endogenous H2S generation and ER stress in the hippocampus might be involved in CUMS-induced depression-like behaviors. Thus, the present study focused on whether CUMS disturbs the generation of endogenous H2S and up-regulates ER stress in the hippocampus and whether exogenous H2S prevents CUMS-induced depressive-like behaviors. Results showed that CUMS-treated rats exhibit depression-like behavior and hippocampal ER stress responses including up-regulated levels of glucose-regulated protein 78, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein, and cleaved caspase-12 expression, while the endogenous generation of H2S in the hippocampus is suppressed in CUMS-treated rats. Furthermore, exogenous H2S prevents CUMS-induced depression-like behavior. These data indicated that CUMS-induced depression-like behaviors are related to the disturbance of endogenous H2S generation and ER stress in the hippocampus and suggested that endogenous H2S and ER stress are novel treatment targets of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Tan
- Department of Neurology, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China Department of Physiology and Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China Key Laboratory for Cognitive Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Wei Zou
- Department of Neurology, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China Key Laboratory for Cognitive Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jiamei Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China Key Laboratory for Cognitive Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Biochemistry, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zhifang Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China Department of Physiology and Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Lili Bi
- Department of Neurology, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China Department of Physiology and Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Haiying Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China Department of Physiology and Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China Key Laboratory for Cognitive Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xiaoqing Tang
- Department of Neurology, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China Department of Physiology and Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China Key Laboratory for Cognitive Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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25
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Jiang JM, Zhou CF, Gao SL, Tian Y, Wang CY, Wang L, Gu HF, Tang XQ. BDNF-TrkB pathway mediates neuroprotection of hydrogen sulfide against formaldehyde-induced toxicity to PC12 cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119478. [PMID: 25749582 PMCID: PMC4352058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) is a common environmental contaminant that has toxic effects on the central nervous system (CNS). Our previous data demonstrated that hydrogen sulfide (H2S), the third endogenous gaseous mediator, has protective effects against FA-induced neurotoxicity. As is known to all, Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), a member of the neurotrophin gene family, mediates its neuroprotective properties via various intracellular signaling pathways triggered by activating the tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB). Intriguingly, our previous data have illustrated the upregulatory role of H2S on BDNF protein expression in the hippocampus of rats. Therefore, in this study, we hypothesized that H2S provides neuroprotection against FA toxicity by regulating BDNF-TrkB pathway. In the present study, we found that NaHS, a donor of H2S, upregulated the level of BDNF protein in PC12 cells, and significantly rescued FA-induced downregulation of BDNF levels. Furthermore, we found that pretreatment of PC12 cells with K252a, an inhibitor of the BDNF receptor TrkB, markedly reversed the inhibition of NaHS on FA-induced cytotoxicity and ablated the protective effects of NaHS on FA-induced oxidative stress, including the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), 4-hydroxy-2-trans-nonenal (4-HNE), and malondialdehyde (MDA). We also showed that K252a abolished the inhibition of NaHS on FA-induced apoptosis, as well as the activation of caspase-3 in PC12 cells. In addition, K252a reversed the protection of H2S against FA-induced downregulation of Bcl-2 protein expression and upregulation of Bax protein expression in PC12 cells. These data indicate that the BDNF-TrkB pathway mediates the neuroprotection of H2S against FA-induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and apoptosis in PC12 cells. These findings provide a novel mechanism underlying the protection of H2S against FA-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Mei Jiang
- Department of Physiology & Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 42100, Hunan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Cognitive Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Fang Zhou
- Department of Physiology & Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 42100, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Lan Gao
- Department of Physiology & Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 42100, Hunan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Cognitive Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (X-QT); (YT)
| | - Chun-Yan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Anthropotomy, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Feng Gu
- Department of Physiology & Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 42100, Hunan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Cognitive Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Tang
- Department of Physiology & Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 42100, Hunan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Cognitive Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (X-QT); (YT)
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Li X, Zhang KY, Zhang P, Chen LX, Wang L, Xie M, Wang CY, Tang XQ. Hydrogen sulfide inhibits formaldehyde-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in PC12 cells by upregulation of SIRT-1. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89856. [PMID: 24587076 PMCID: PMC3938548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Formaldehyde (FA), a well-known environmental pollutant, has been classified as a neurotoxic molecule. Our recent data demonstrate that hydrogen sulfide (H2S), the third gaseous transmitter, has a protective effect on the neurotoxicity of FA. However, the exact mechanisms underlying this protection remain largely unknown. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been implicated in the neurotoxicity of FA. Silent mating type information regulator 2 homolog 1 (SIRT-1), a histone deacetylases, has various biological activities, including the extension of lifespan, the modulation of ER stress, and the neuroprotective action. Objective We hypothesize that the protection of H2S against FA-induced neurotoxicity involves in inhibiting ER stress by upregulation of SIRT-1. The present study attempted to investigate the protective effect of H2S on FA-induced ER stress in PC12 cells and the contribution of SIRT-1 to the protection of H2S against FA-induced injuries, including ER stress, cytotoxicity and apoptosis. Principal Findings We found that exogenous application of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS; an H2S donor) significantly attenuated FA-induced ER stress responses, including the upregulated levels of glucose-regulated protein 78, C/EBP homologous protein, and cleaved caspase-12 expression. We showed that NaHS upregulates the expression of SIRT-1 in PC12 cells. Moreover, the protective effects of H2S on FA-elicited ER stress, cytotoxicity and apoptosis were reversed by Sirtinol, a specific inhibitor of SIRT-1. Conclusion/Significance These data indicate that H2S exerts its protection against the neurotoxicity of FA through overcoming ER stress via upregulation of SIRT-1. Our findings provide novel insights into the protective mechanisms of H2S against FA-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P. R. China
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Kai-Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P. R. China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Li-Xun Chen
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Anthropotomy, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Ming Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P. R. China
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (X-QT); (MX)
| | - Chun-Yan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P. R. China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (X-QT); (MX)
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Vicente JB, Colaço HG, Mendes MIS, Sarti P, Leandro P, Giuffrè A. NO* binds human cystathionine β-synthase quickly and tightly. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:8579-87. [PMID: 24515102 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.507533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The hexa-coordinate heme in the H2S-generating human enzyme cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) acts as a redox-sensitive regulator that impairs CBS activity upon binding of NO(•) or CO at the reduced iron. Despite the proposed physiological relevance of this inhibitory mechanism, unlike CO, NO(•) was reported to bind at the CBS heme with very low affinity (Kd = 30-281 μm). This discrepancy was herein reconciled by investigating the NO(•) reactivity of recombinant human CBS by static and stopped-flow UV-visible absorption spectroscopy. We found that NO(•) binds tightly to the ferrous CBS heme, with an apparent Kd ≤ 0.23 μm. In line with this result, at 25 °C, NO(•) binds quickly to CBS (k on ∼ 8 × 10(3) m(-1) s(-1)) and dissociates slowly from the enzyme (k off ∼ 0.003 s(-1)). The observed rate constants for NO(•) binding were found to be linearly dependent on [NO(•)] up to ∼ 800 μm NO(•), and >100-fold higher than those measured for CO, indicating that the reaction is not limited by the slow dissociation of Cys-52 from the heme iron, as reported for CO. For the first time the heme of human CBS is reported to bind NO(•) quickly and tightly, providing a mechanistic basis for the in vivo regulation of the enzyme by NO(•). The novel findings reported here shed new light on CBS regulation by NO(•) and its possible (patho)physiological relevance, enforcing the growing evidence for an interplay among the gasotransmitters NO(•), CO, and H2S in cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- João B Vicente
- From the Metabolism and Genetics Group, Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
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