1
|
Malengier-Devlies B, Metzemaekers M, Wouters C, Proost P, Matthys P. Neutrophil Homeostasis and Emergency Granulopoiesis: The Example of Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:766620. [PMID: 34966386 PMCID: PMC8710701 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.766620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are key pathogen exterminators of the innate immune system endowed with oxidative and non-oxidative defense mechanisms. More recently, a more complex role for neutrophils as decision shaping cells that instruct other leukocytes to fine-tune innate and adaptive immune responses has come into view. Under homeostatic conditions, neutrophils are short-lived cells that are continuously released from the bone marrow. Their development starts with undifferentiated hematopoietic stem cells that pass through different immature subtypes to eventually become fully equipped, mature neutrophils capable of launching fast and robust immune responses. During severe (systemic) inflammation, there is an increased need for neutrophils. The hematopoietic system rapidly adapts to this increased demand by switching from steady-state blood cell production to emergency granulopoiesis. During emergency granulopoiesis, the de novo production of neutrophils by the bone marrow and at extramedullary sites is augmented, while additional mature neutrophils are rapidly released from the marginated pools. Although neutrophils are indispensable for host protection against microorganisms, excessive activation causes tissue damage in neutrophil-rich diseases. Therefore, tight regulation of neutrophil homeostasis is imperative. In this review, we discuss the kinetics of neutrophil ontogenesis in homeostatic conditions and during emergency myelopoiesis and provide an overview of the different molecular players involved in this regulation. We substantiate this review with the example of an autoinflammatory disease, i.e. systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bert Malengier-Devlies
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Metzemaekers
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carine Wouters
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,European Reference Network for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) at University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Matthys
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
C/EBPβ isoforms sequentially regulate regenerating mouse hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Blood Adv 2021; 4:3343-3356. [PMID: 32717031 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018022913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor CCAAT enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) is required for stress-induced granulopoiesis at the level of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs); however, its role and mechanisms of action in HSPCs are unknown. In this study, we assessed the regulation and functions of C/EBPβ in HSPCs, especially under stress conditions. After 5-fluorouracil treatment or bone marrow transplantation, Cebpb-/- HSPCs exhibited impaired cell-cycle activation and myeloid differentiation at the early and late phases of regeneration, respectively, whereas at steady state, Cebpb deficiency did not affect HSPCs. C/EBPβ was upregulated in response to hematopoietic stress, especially in CD150high long term-hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs). Intracellular flow cytometric analysis that detected distinct domains of C/EBPβ revealed that, among the 3 isoforms of C/EBPβ, liver-enriched inhibitory protein (LIP) was upregulated in LT-HSCs prior to liver-enriched activating protein (LAP)/LAP* during regeneration. Early upregulation of LIP promoted cell-cycle entry of LT-HSCs by positively regulating Myc and expanded the HSPCs pool. Subsequent myeloid differentiation of amplified HSPCs was mediated by LAP/LAP*, which were upregulated at a later phase of regeneration. Collectively, our findings show that stress-induced sequential upregulation of C/EBPβ isoforms is critical for fine-tuning the proliferation and differentiation of regenerating HSPCs.
Collapse
|
3
|
Pedersen CC, Borup R, Fischer-Nielsen A, Mora-Jensen H, Fossum A, Cowland JB, Borregaard N. Changes in Gene Expression during G-CSF-Induced Emergency Granulopoiesis in Humans. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:1989-99. [PMID: 27481851 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Emergency granulopoiesis refers to the increased production of neutrophils in bone marrow and their release into circulation induced by severe infection. Several studies point to a critical role for G-CSF as the main mediator of emergency granulopoiesis. However, the consequences of G-CSF stimulation on the transcriptome of neutrophils and their precursors have not yet been investigated in humans. In this work, we examine the changes in mRNA expression induced by administration of G-CSF in vivo, as a model of emergency granulopoiesis in humans. Blood samples were collected from healthy individuals after 5 d of G-CSF administration. Neutrophil precursors were sorted into discrete stages of maturation by flow cytometry, and RNA was subjected to microarray analysis. mRNA levels were compared with previously published expression levels in corresponding populations of neutrophil precursors isolated from bone marrow of untreated, healthy individuals. One thousand one hundred and ten mRNAs were differentially expressed >2-fold throughout terminal granulopoiesis. Major changes were seen in pathways involved in apoptosis, cytokine signaling, and TLR pathways. In addition, G-CSF treatment reduced the levels of four of five measured granule proteins in mature neutrophils, including the proantibacterial protein hCAP-18, which was completely deficient in neutrophils from G-CSF-treated donors. These results indicate that multiple biological processes are altered to satisfy the increased demand for neutrophils during G-CSF-induced emergency granulopoiesis in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corinna C Pedersen
- Granulocyte Research Laboratory, Department of Hematology, National University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rehannah Borup
- Center for Genomic Medicine, National University Hospital, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Fischer-Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Cell Therapy Facility, National University Hospital, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Helena Mora-Jensen
- Granulocyte Research Laboratory, Department of Hematology, National University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Fossum
- Biotech and Research Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jack B Cowland
- Granulocyte Research Laboratory, Department of Hematology, National University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Niels Borregaard
- Granulocyte Research Laboratory, Department of Hematology, National University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tamura A, Hirai H, Yokota A, Sato A, Shoji T, Kashiwagi T, Iwasa M, Fujishiro A, Miura Y, Maekawa T. Accelerated apoptosis of peripheral blood monocytes in Cebpb-deficient mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 464:654-8. [PMID: 26168729 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) transcription factor is required for granulopoiesis under stress conditions. However, little is known about its roles in steady state hematopoiesis. Here, we analyzed the peripheral blood and bone marrow of Cebpb(-/-) mice at steady state by flow cytometry and unexpectedly found that the number of peripheral blood monocytes was severely reduced, while the number of bone marrow monocytes was maintained. The ability of Cebpb(-/-) bone marrow cells to give rise to macrophages/monocytes in vitro was comparable to that of wild-type bone marrow cells. Apoptosis of monocytes was enhanced in the peripheral blood, but not in the bone marrow of Cebpb(-/-) mice. These results indicate that C/EBPβ is required for the survival of monocytes in peripheral blood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Tamura
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideyo Hirai
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Asumi Yokota
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sato
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsukimi Shoji
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kashiwagi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Iwasa
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Aya Fujishiro
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Yasuo Miura
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taira Maekawa
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pulido-Salgado M, Vidal-Taboada JM, Saura J. C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ transcription factors: Basic biology and roles in the CNS. Prog Neurobiol 2015; 132:1-33. [PMID: 26143335 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) β and C/EBPδ are transcription factors of the basic-leucine zipper class which share phylogenetic, structural and functional features. In this review we first describe in depth their basic molecular biology which includes fascinating aspects such as the regulated use of alternative initiation codons in the C/EBPβ mRNA. The physical interactions with multiple transcription factors which greatly opens the number of potentially regulated genes or the presence of at least five different types of post-translational modifications are also remarkable molecular mechanisms that modulate C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ function. In the second part, we review the present knowledge on the localization, expression changes and physiological roles of C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ in neurons, astrocytes and microglia. We conclude that C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ share two unique features related to their role in the CNS: whereas in neurons they participate in memory formation and synaptic plasticity, in glial cells they regulate the pro-inflammatory program. Because of their role in neuroinflammation, C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ in microglia are potential targets for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Any strategy to reduce C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ activity in neuroinflammation needs to take into account its potential side-effects in neurons. Therefore, cell-specific treatments will be required for the successful application of this strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pulido-Salgado
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Casanova 143, planta 3, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose M Vidal-Taboada
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Casanova 143, planta 3, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Saura
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Casanova 143, planta 3, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hirai H, Yokota A, Tamura A, Sato A, Maekawa T. Non-steady-state hematopoiesis regulated by the C/EBPβ transcription factor. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:797-802. [PMID: 25940801 PMCID: PMC4520629 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Steady-state hematopoiesis responds to extracellular stimuli to meet changing demands and also to pathologically altered intracellular signaling. Granulocyte production increases following infection or in response to cytokine stimulation, and activation of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) transcription factor is required for such stress-induced granulopoiesis, whereas C/EBPα plays a critical role in maintaining steady-state granulopoiesis. Different roles of these C/EBP transcription factors in different modes of hematopoiesis are evolutionally conserved from zebrafish to humans. In addition to reactions against infections, C/EBPβ is responsible for cancer-driven myelopoiesis, which promotes cancer progression, at least in part, by abrogating the immune response in the cancer microenvironment. The BCR–ABL fusion protein activates emergency-specific pathway of granulopoiesis by upregulating C/EBPβ. This in turn causes chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia, which is characterized by myeloid expansion. The C/EBPβ transcription factor also plays a role in other hematological malignancies of both myeloid and lymphoid lineage origin. Thus, elucidation of the upstream and downstream networks surrounding C/EBPβ will lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for diseases mediated by non-steady-state hematopoiesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideyo Hirai
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University HospitalKyoto, Japan
- Correspondence Hideyo Hirai, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogo-in, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan., Tel: +81-75-751-3630; Fax: +81-75-751-4283;, E-mail:
| | - Asumi Yokota
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University HospitalKyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tamura
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University HospitalKyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sato
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University HospitalKyoto, Japan
| | - Taira Maekawa
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University HospitalKyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nauseef WM, Borregaard N. Neutrophils at work. Nat Immunol 2014; 15:602-11. [PMID: 24940954 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 636] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this Review we discuss data demonstrating recently recognized aspects of neutrophil homeostasis in the steady state, granulopoiesis in 'emergency' conditions and interactions of neutrophils with the adaptive immune system. We explore in vivo observations of the recruitment of neutrophils from blood to tissues in models of blood-borne infections versus bacterial invasion through epithelial linings. We examine data on novel aspects of the activation of NADPH oxidase and the heterogeneity of phagosomes and, finally, consider the importance of two neutrophil-derived biological agents: neutrophil extracellular traps and ectosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William M Nauseef
- Inflammation Program, Department of Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, and Veterans Administration Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Niels Borregaard
- The Granulocyte Research Laboratory, Department of Hematology, National University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Stoilova B, Kowenz-Leutz E, Scheller M, Leutz A. Lymphoid to myeloid cell trans-differentiation is determined by C/EBPβ structure and post-translational modifications. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65169. [PMID: 23755188 PMCID: PMC3674013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor C/EBPβ controls differentiation, proliferation, and functionality of many cell types, including innate immune cells. A detailed molecular understanding of how C/EBPβ directs alternative cell fates remains largely elusive. A multitude of signal-dependent post-translational modifications (PTMs) differentially affect the protean C/EBPβ functions. In this study we apply an assay that converts primary mouse B lymphoid progenitors into myeloid cells in order to answer the question how C/EBPβ regulates (trans-) differentiation and determines myeloid cell fate. We found that structural alterations and various C/EBPβ PTMs determine the outcome of trans-differentiation of lymphoid into myeloid cells, including different types of monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, and granulocytes. The ability of C/EBPβ to recruit chromatin remodeling complexes is required for the granulocytic trans-differentiation outcome. These novel findings reveal that PTMs and structural plasticity of C/EBPβ are adaptable modular properties that integrate and rewire epigenetic functions to direct differentiation to diverse innate immune system cells, which are crucial for the organism survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bilyana Stoilova
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Marina Scheller
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim Leutz
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt-University of Berlin, Institute of Biology, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|