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Casarin M, Todesco M, Sandrin D, Romanato F, Bagno A, Morlacco A, Dal Moro F. A Novel Hybrid Membrane for Urinary Conduit Substitutes Based on Small Intestinal Submucosa Coupled with Two Synthetic Polymers. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040222. [PMID: 36412863 PMCID: PMC9680483 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the urinary tract's malignancies, bladder cancer is the most frequent one: it is at the tenth position of most common cancers worldwide. Currently, the gold standard therapy consists of radical cystectomy, which results in the need to create a urinary diversion using a bowel segment from the patient. Nevertheless, due to several complications associated with bowel resection and anastomosis, which significantly affect patient quality of life, it is becoming extremely important to find an alternative solution. In our recent work, we proposed the decellularized porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) as a candidate material for urinary conduit substitution. In the present study, we create SIS-based hybrid membranes that are obtained by coupling decellularized SIS with two commercially available polycarbonate urethanes (Chronoflex AR and Chronoflex AR-LT) to improve SIS mechanical resistance and impermeability. We evaluated the hybrid membranes by means of immunofluorescence, two-photon microscopy, FTIR analysis, and mechanical and cytocompatibility tests. The realization of hybrid membranes did not deteriorate SIS composition, but the presence of polymers ameliorates the mechanical behavior of the hybrid constructs. Moreover, the cytocompatibility tests demonstrated a significant increase in cell growth compared to decellularized SIS alone. In light of the present results, the hybrid membrane-based urinary conduit can be a suitable candidate to realize a urinary diversion in place of an autologous intestinal segment. Further efforts will be performed in order to create a cylindrical-shaped hybrid membrane and to study its hydraulic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Casarin
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Martina Todesco
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Deborah Sandrin
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy ‘G. Galilei’, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Filippo Romanato
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy ‘G. Galilei’, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Laboratory of Optics and Bioimaging, Institute of Pediatric Research Città della Speranza, 35127 Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Bagno
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Alessandro Morlacco
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Dal Moro
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
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Garriboli M, Deguchi K, Totonelli G, Georgiades F, Urbani L, Ghionzoli M, Burns AJ, Sebire NJ, Turmaine M, Eaton S, De Coppi P. Development of a porcine acellular bladder matrix for tissue-engineered bladder reconstruction. Pediatr Surg Int 2022; 38:665-677. [PMID: 35316841 PMCID: PMC8983501 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-022-05094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Enterocystoplasty is adopted for patients requiring bladder augmentation, but significant long-term complications highlight need for alternatives. We established a protocol for creating a natural-derived bladder extracellular matrix (BEM) for developing tissue-engineered bladder, and investigated its structural and functional characteristics. METHODS Porcine bladders were de-cellularised with a dynamic detergent-enzymatic treatment using peristaltic infusion. Samples and fresh controls were evaluated using histological staining, ultrastructure (electron microscopy), collagen, glycosaminoglycans and DNA quantification and biomechanical testing. Compliance and angiogenic properties (Chicken chorioallantoic membrane [CAM] assay) were evaluated. T test compared stiffness and glycosaminoglycans, collagen and DNA quantity. p value of < 0.05 was regarded as significant. RESULTS Histological evaluation demonstrated absence of cells with preservation of tissue matrix architecture (collagen and elastin). DNA was 0.01 μg/mg, significantly reduced compared to fresh tissue 0.13 μg/mg (p < 0.01). BEM had increased tensile strength (0.259 ± 0.022 vs 0.116 ± 0.006, respectively, p < 0.0001) and stiffness (0.00075 ± 0.00016 vs 0.00726 ± 0.00216, p = 0.011). CAM assay showed significantly increased number of convergent allantoic vessels after 6 days compared to day 1 (p < 0.01). Urodynamic studies showed that BEM maintains or increases capacity and compliance. CONCLUSION Dynamic detergent-enzymatic treatment produces a BEM which retains structural characteristics, increases strength and stiffness and is more compliant than native tissue. Furthermore, BEM shows angiogenic potential. These data suggest the use of BEM for development of tissue-engineered bladder for patients requiring bladder augmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Garriboli
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guys and St. Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Koichi Deguchi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Giorgia Totonelli
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Fanourios Georgiades
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Luca Urbani
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Marco Ghionzoli
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Alan J Burns
- Neural Development Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, UK
| | - Neil J Sebire
- Department of Histopathology, Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mark Turmaine
- Division of Bioscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Simon Eaton
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
- Paediatric Surgery Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.
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Sharma S, Basu B. Biomaterials assisted reconstructive urology: The pursuit of an implantable bioengineered neo-urinary bladder. Biomaterials 2021; 281:121331. [PMID: 35016066 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Urinary bladder is a dynamic organ performing complex physiological activities. Together with ureters and urethra, it forms the lower urinary tract that facilitates urine collection, low-pressure storage, and volitional voiding. However, pathological disorders are often liable to cause irreversible damage and compromise the normal functionality of the bladder, necessitating surgical intervention for a reconstructive procedure. Non-urinary autologous grafts, primarily derived from gastrointestinal tract, have long been the gold standard in clinics to augment or to replace the diseased bladder tissue. Unfortunately, such treatment strategy is commonly associated with several clinical complications. In absence of an optimal autologous therapy, a biomaterial based bioengineered platform is an attractive prospect revolutionizing the modern urology. Predictably, extensive investigative research has been carried out in pursuit of better urological biomaterials, that overcome the limitations of conventional gastrointestinal graft. Against the above backdrop, this review aims to provide a comprehensive and one-stop update on different biomaterial-based strategies that have been proposed and explored over the past 60 years to restore the dynamic function of the otherwise dysfunctional bladder tissue. Broadly, two unique perspectives of bladder tissue engineering and total alloplastic bladder replacement are critically discussed in terms of their status and progress. While the former is pivoted on scaffold mediated regenerative medicine; in contrast, the latter is directed towards the development of a biostable bladder prosthesis. Together, these routes share a common aspiration of designing and creating a functional equivalent of the bladder wall, albeit, using fundamentally different aspects of biocompatibility and clinical needs. Therefore, an attempt has been made to systematically analyze and summarize the evolution of various classes as well as generations of polymeric biomaterials in urology. Considerable emphasis has been laid on explaining the bioengineering methodologies, pre-clinical and clinical outcomes. Some of the unaddressed challenges, including vascularization, innervation, hollow 3D prototype fabrication and urinary encrustation, have been highlighted that currently delay the successful commercial translation. More importantly, the rapidly evolving and expanding concepts of bioelectronic medicine are discussed to inspire future research efforts towards the further advancement of the field. At the closure, crucial insights are provided to forge the biomaterial assisted reconstruction as a long-term therapeutic strategy in urological practice for patients' care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sharma
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Bikramjit Basu
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India; Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
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Khademolqorani S, Tavanai H, Ajalloueian F. Mechanical properties of silk plain‐weft knitted scaffolds for bladder tissue engineering applications. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Tavanai
- Department of Textile Engineering Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan Iran
- Research Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ajalloueian
- Department of Health Technology Technical University of Denmark Lyngby Denmark
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Luo Y, Kang KB, Sartaj R, Sun MG, Zhou Q, Guaiquil VH, Rosenblatt MI. Silk films with nanotopography and extracellular proteins enhance corneal epithelial wound healing. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8168. [PMID: 33854156 PMCID: PMC8046786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87658-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal wound healing depends on extracellular matrix (ECM) and topographical cues that modulate migration and proliferation of regenerating cells. In our study, silk films with either flat or nanotopography patterned parallel ridge widths of 2000, 1000, 800 nm surfaces were combined with ECMs which include collagen type I (collagen I), fibronectin, laminin, and Poly-D-Lysine to accelerate corneal wound healing. Silk films with 800 nm ridge width provided better cell spreading and wound recovery than other size topographies. Coating 800 nm patterned silk films with collagen I proves to optimally further increased mouse and rabbit corneal epithelial cells growth and wound recovery. This enhanced cellular response correlated with redistribution and increase in size and total amount of focal adhesion. Transcriptomics and signaling pathway analysis suggested that silk topography regulates cell behaviors via actin nucleation ARP-WASP complex pathway, which regulate filopodia formation. This mechanism was further explored and inhibition of Cdc42, a key protein in this pathway, delayed wound healing and decreased the length, density, and alignment of filopodia. Inhibition of Cdc42 in vivo resulted in delayed re-epithelization of injured corneas. We conclude that silk film nanotopography in combination with collagen I constitutes a better substrate for corneal wound repair than either nanotopography or ECM alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuncin Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor Street, MC648, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Kai B Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor Street, MC648, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Rachel Sartaj
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor Street, MC648, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Michael G Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor Street, MC648, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor Street, MC648, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Victor H Guaiquil
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor Street, MC648, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Mark I Rosenblatt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor Street, MC648, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Biofabrication of cell-laden allografts of goat urinary bladder scaffold for organ reconstruction/regeneration. Tissue Cell 2020; 67:101443. [PMID: 32998076 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bladder dysfunction has been considered as one of the most critical health conditions with no proper treatment. Current therapeutic approaches including enterocystoplasty have several limitations. Hence, biofabrication of cell-laden biological allografts using decellularized Goat urinary bladder scaffolds for organ reconstruction/regeneration was major objective of this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS An efficient method for decellularization of Goat urinary bladder (N = 3) was developed by perfusion of gradient change of detergents through ureter. The retention of organ architecture, extracellular matrix composition, mechanical properties and removal of cellular components was characterized using histological, cellular and molecular analysis. Further, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from human umbilical cord blood (UCB) were used for preparing biological construct of decellularized urinary bladder (DUB) scaffolds to augment the urinary bladder reconstruction/regeneration. RESULTS The decellularization method adopted in this study generated completely DUB scaffolds within 10 h at 100 mm Hg pressure and constant flow rate of 1 mL/min. The DUB scaffold retains organ architecture, ECM composition, and mechanical strength. No significant amount of residual nucleic acid was observed post-decellularization. Furthermore, MSCs derived from human UCB engrafted and proliferated well on DUB scaffolds in highly aligned manner under xeno-free condition. CONCLUSION Biofabricated humanized urinary bladder constructs provides xeno-free allografts for future application in augmenting urinary bladder reconstruction/regeneration with further development.
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Begum R, Perriman AW, Su B, Scarpa F, Kafienah W. Chondroinduction of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Cellulose-Silk Composite Nanofibrous Substrates: The Role of Substrate Elasticity. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:197. [PMID: 32266231 PMCID: PMC7096586 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Smart biomaterials with an inherent capacity to elicit specific behaviors in lieu of biological prompts would be advantageous for regenerative medicine applications. In this work, we employ an electrospinning technique to model the in vivo nanofibrous extracellular matrix (ECM) of cartilage using a chondroinductive cellulose and silk polymer blend (75:25 ratio). This natural polymer composite is directly electrospun for the first time, into nanofibers without post-spun treatment, using a trifluoroacetic acid and acetic acid cosolvent system. Biocompatibility of the composite nanofibres with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) is demonstrated and its inherent capacity to direct chondrogenic stem cell differentiation, in the absence of stimulating growth factors, is confirmed. This chondrogenic stimulation could be countered biochemically using fibroblast growth factor-2, a growth factor used to enhance the proliferation of hMSCs. Furthermore, the potential mechanisms driving this chondroinduction at the cell-biomaterial interface is investigated. Composite substrates are fabricated as two-dimensional film surfaces and cultured with hMSCs in the presence of chemicals that interfere with their biochemical and mechanical signaling pathways. Preventing substrate surface elasticity transmission resulted in a significant downregulation of chondrogenic gene expression. Interference with the classical chondrogenic Smad2/3 phosphorylation pathway did not impact chondrogenesis. The results highlight the importance of substrate mechanical elasticity on hMSCs chondroinduction and its independence to known chondrogenic biochemical pathways. The newly fabricated scaffolds provide the foundation for designing a robust, self-inductive, and cost-effective biomimetic biomaterial for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runa Begum
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Adam W Perriman
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Bo Su
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Fabrizio Scarpa
- Bristol Composites Institute (ACCIS), University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Wael Kafienah
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Abdal Dayem A, Kim K, Lee SB, Kim A, Cho SG. Application of Adult and Pluripotent Stem Cells in Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome Therapy: Methods and Perspectives. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030766. [PMID: 32178321 PMCID: PMC7141265 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a multifactorial, chronic disease without definite etiology characterized by bladder-related pelvic pain. IC/BPS is associated with pain that negatively affects the quality of life. There are various therapeutic approaches against IC/BPS. However, no efficient therapeutic agent against IC/BPS has been discovered yet. Urothelium dysfunction is one of the key factors of IC/BPS-related pathogenicity. Stem cells, including adult stem cells (ASCs) and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced PSCs (iPSCs), possess the abilities of self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation into various cell types, including urothelial and other bladder cells. Therefore, stem cells are considered robust candidates for bladder regeneration. This review provides a brief overview of the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of IC/BPS as well as a summary of ASCs and PSCs. The potential of ASCs and PSCs in bladder regeneration via differentiation into bladder cells or direct transplantation into the bladder and the possible applications in IC/BPS therapy are described in detail. A better understanding of current studies on stem cells and bladder regeneration will allow further improvement in the approaches of stem cell applications for highly efficient IC/BPS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (A.A.D.); (K.K.); (S.B.L.)
| | - Kyeongseok Kim
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (A.A.D.); (K.K.); (S.B.L.)
| | - Soo Bin Lee
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (A.A.D.); (K.K.); (S.B.L.)
| | - Aram Kim
- Department of Urology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (S.-G.C.); Tel.: +82-2-2030-7675 (A.K.); +82-2-450-4207 (S.-G.C.); Fax: +82-2-2030-7748 (A.K.); +82-2-450-4207 (S.-G.C.)
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (A.A.D.); (K.K.); (S.B.L.)
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (S.-G.C.); Tel.: +82-2-2030-7675 (A.K.); +82-2-450-4207 (S.-G.C.); Fax: +82-2-2030-7748 (A.K.); +82-2-450-4207 (S.-G.C.)
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Yu C, Sharma S, Fang CH, Jeong H, Li J, Joice G, Bivalacqua TJ, Singh A. Aliphatic Chain Modification of Collagen Type I: Development of Elastomeric, Compliant, and Suturable Scaffolds. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:1331-1343. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Shivang Sharma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Chen Hao Fang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Harrison Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Jiuru Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Gregory Joice
- Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Trinity J. Bivalacqua
- Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
- Departments of Surgery and Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (SKCC), Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Anirudha Singh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
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Yang W, Gong Y, Li W. A Review: Electrode and Packaging Materials for Neurophysiology Recording Implants. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:622923. [PMID: 33585422 PMCID: PMC7873964 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.622923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, a wide variety of neural tissue implants have been developed for neurophysiology recording from living tissues. An ideal neural implant should minimize the damage to the tissue and perform reliably and accurately for long periods of time. Therefore, the materials utilized to fabricate the neural recording implants become a critical factor. The materials of these devices could be classified into two broad categories: electrode materials as well as packaging and substrate materials. In this review, inorganic (metals and semiconductors), organic (conducting polymers), and carbon-based (graphene and carbon nanostructures) electrode materials are reviewed individually in terms of various neural recording devices that are reported in recent years. Properties of these materials, including electrical properties, mechanical properties, stability, biodegradability/bioresorbability, biocompatibility, and optical properties, and their critical importance to neural recording quality and device capabilities, are discussed. For the packaging and substrate materials, different material properties are desired for the chronic implantation of devices in the complex environment of the body, such as biocompatibility and moisture and gas hermeticity. This review summarizes common solid and soft packaging materials used in a variety of neural interface electrode designs, as well as their packaging performances. Besides, several biopolymers typically applied over the electrode package to reinforce the mechanical rigidity of devices during insertion, or to reduce the immune response and inflammation at the device-tissue interfaces are highlighted. Finally, a benchmark analysis of the discussed materials and an outlook of the future research trends are concluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyang Yang
- Microtechnology Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Yan Gong
- Microtechnology Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Wen Li
- Microtechnology Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Horst M, Eberli D, Gobet R, Salemi S. Tissue Engineering in Pediatric Bladder Reconstruction-The Road to Success. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:91. [PMID: 30984717 PMCID: PMC6449422 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several congenital disorders can cause end stage bladder disease and possibly renal damage in children. The current gold standard therapy is enterocystoplasty, a bladder augmentation using an intestinal segment. However, the use of bowel tissue is associated with numerous complications such as metabolic disturbance, stone formation, urine leakage, chronic infections, and malignancy. Urinary diversions using engineered bladder tissue would obviate the need for bowel for bladder reconstruction. Despite impressive progress in the field of bladder tissue engineering over the past decades, the successful transfer of the approach into clinical routine still represents a major challenge. In this review, we discuss major achievements and challenges in bladder tissue regeneration with a focus on different strategies to overcome the obstacles and to meet the need for living functional tissue replacements with a good growth potential and a long life span matching the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Horst
- Laboratory for Urologic Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Urology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children‘s Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Eberli
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children‘s Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rita Gobet
- Laboratory for Urologic Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Urology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Souzan Salemi
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children‘s Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
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Cao N, Song L, Liu W, Fan S, Jiang D, Mu J, Gu B, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Huang J. Prevascularized bladder acellular matrix hydrogel/silk fibroin composite scaffolds promote the regeneration of urethra in a rabbit model. Biomed Mater 2018; 14:015002. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aae5e2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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13
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Bioengineering Approaches for Bladder Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061796. [PMID: 29914213 PMCID: PMC6032229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Current clinical strategies for bladder reconstruction or substitution are associated to serious problems. Therefore, new alternative approaches are becoming more and more necessary. The purpose of this work is to review the state of the art of the current bioengineering advances and obstacles reported in bladder regeneration. Tissue bladder engineering requires an ideal engineered bladder scaffold composed of a biocompatible material suitable to sustain the mechanical forces necessary for bladder filling and emptying. In addition, an engineered bladder needs to reconstruct a compliant muscular wall and a highly specialized urothelium, well-orchestrated under control of autonomic and sensory innervations. Bioreactors play a very important role allowing cell growth and specialization into a tissue-engineered vascular construct within a physiological environment. Bioprinting technology is rapidly progressing, achieving the generation of custom-made structural supports using an increasing number of different polymers as ink with a high capacity of reproducibility. Although many promising results have been achieved, few of them have been tested with clinical success. This lack of satisfactory applications is a good reason to discourage researchers in this field and explains, somehow, the limited high-impact scientific production in this area during the last decade, emphasizing that still much more progress is required before bioengineered bladders become a commonplace in the clinical setting.
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Smolar J, Horst M, Sulser T, Eberli D. Bladder regeneration through stem cell therapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2018; 18:525-544. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1439013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Smolar
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Maya Horst
- Department of Urology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tulio Sulser
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Eberli
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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In vitro co-culture of epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells on aligned nanofibrous scaffolds. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 81:191-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kuo YC, Rajesh R. Guided differentiation and tissue regeneration of induced pluripotent stem cells using biomaterials. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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17
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Van Nieuwenhove I, Salamon A, Peters K, Graulus GJ, Martins JC, Frankel D, Kersemans K, De Vos F, Van Vlierberghe S, Dubruel P. Gelatin- and starch-based hydrogels. Part A: Hydrogel development, characterization and coating. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 152:129-139. [PMID: 27516257 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.06.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present work aims at constructing the ideal scaffold matrix of which the physico-chemical properties can be altered according to the targeted tissue regeneration application. Ideally, this scaffold should resemble the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) as close as possible both in terms of chemical composition and mechanical properties. Therefore, hydrogel films were developed consisting of methacrylamide-modified gelatin and starch-pentenoate building blocks because the ECM can be considered as a crosslinked hydrogel network consisting of both polysaccharides and structural, signaling and cell-adhesive proteins. For the gelatin hydrogels, three different substitution degrees were evaluated including 31%, 72% and 95%. A substitution degree of 32% was applied for the starch-pentenoate building block. Pure gelatin hydrogels films as well as interpenetrating networks with gelatin and starch were developed. Subsequently, these films were characterized using gel fraction and swelling experiments, high resolution-magic angle spinning (1)H NMR spectroscopy, rheology, infrared mapping and atomic force microscopy. The results indicate that both the mechanical properties and the swelling extent of the developed hydrogel films can be controlled by varying the chemical composition and the degree of substitution of the methacrylamide-modified gelatin applied. The storage moduli of the developed materials ranged between 14 and 63kPa. Phase separation was observed for the IPNs for which separated starch domains could be distinguished located in the surrounding gelatin matrix. Furthermore, we evaluated the affinity of aggrecan for gelatin by atomic force microscopy and radiolabeling experiments. We found that aggrecan can be applied as a bioactive coating for gelatin hydrogels by a straightforward physisorption procedure. Thus, we achieved distinct fine-tuning of the physico-chemical properties of these hydrogels which render them promising candidates for tissue engineering approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ine Van Nieuwenhove
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S4-Bis, BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Achim Salamon
- Department of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69, D-18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Kirsten Peters
- Department of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69, D-18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Geert-Jan Graulus
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S4-Bis, BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - José C Martins
- NMR and Structure Analysis Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S4, BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniel Frankel
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, University of Newcastle, Mertz Court, Claremont Road, NE1 7RU Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ken Kersemans
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip De Vos
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S4-Bis, BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Brussels Photonics Team, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, BE-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S4-Bis, BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Smolar J, Salemi S, Horst M, Sulser T, Eberli D. Stem Cells in Functional Bladder Engineering. Transfus Med Hemother 2016; 43:328-335. [PMID: 27781020 PMCID: PMC5073506 DOI: 10.1159/000447977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Conditions impairing bladder function in children and adults, such as myelomeningocele, posterior urethral valves, bladder exstrophy or spinal cord injury, often need urinary diversion or augmentation cystoplasty as when untreated they may cause severe bladder dysfunction and kidney failure. Currently, the gold standard therapy of end-stage bladder disease refractory to conservative management is enterocystoplasty, a surgical enlargement of the bladder with intestinal tissue. Despite providing functional improvement, enterocystoplasty is associated with significant long-term complications, such as recurrent urinary tract infections, metabolic abnormalities, stone formation, and malignancies. Therefore, there is a strong clinical need for alternative therapies for these reconstructive procedures, of which stem cell-based tissue engineering (TE) is considered to be the most promising future strategy. This review is focused on the recent progress in bladder stem cell research and therapy and the challenges that remain for the development of a functional bladder wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Smolar
- Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Souzan Salemi
- Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maya Horst
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tullio Sulser
- Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Eberli
- Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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20
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Abstract
Urologic tissue engineering efforts have been largely focused on bladder and urethral defect repair. The current surgical gold standard for treatment of poorly compliant pathological bladders and severe urethral stricture disease is enterocystoplasty and onlay urethroplasty with autologous tissue, respectively. The complications associated with autologous tissue use and harvesting have led to efforts to develop tissue-engineered alternatives. Natural and synthetic materials have been used with varying degrees of success, but none has proved consistently reliable for urologic tissue defect repair in humans. Silk fibroin (SF) scaffolds have been tested in bladder and urethral repair because of their favorable biomechanical properties including structural strength, elasticity, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. SF scaffolds have been used in multiple animal models and have demonstrated robust regeneration of smooth muscle and urothelium. The pre-clinical data involving SF scaffolds in urologic defect repair are encouraging and suggest that they hold potential for future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan S Sack
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Joshua R Mauney
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Department of Urology, John F. Enders Research Laboratories, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Rm. 1009, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Carlos R Estrada
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Hunnewell 3, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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21
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Kuppan P, Sethuraman S, Krishnan UM. Interaction of human smooth muscle cells on random and aligned nanofibrous scaffolds of PHBV and PHBV-gelatin. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2016.1163562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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22
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Yang L, Geng Z, Nickel T, Johnson C, Gao L, Dutton J, Hou C, Zhang J. Differentiation of Human Induced-Pluripotent Stem Cells into Smooth-Muscle Cells: Two Novel Protocols. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147155. [PMID: 26771193 PMCID: PMC4714916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional protocols for differentiating human induced-pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into smooth-muscle cells (SMCs) can be inefficient and generally fail to yield cells with a specific SMC phenotype (i.e., contractile or synthetic SMCs). Here, we present two novel hiPSC-SMC differentiation protocols that yield SMCs with predominantly contractile or synthetic phenotypes. Flow cytometry analyses of smooth-muscle actin (SMA) expression indicated that ~45% of the cells obtained with each protocol assumed an SMC phenotype, and that the populations could be purified to ~95% via metabolic selection. Assessments of cellular mRNA and/or protein levels indicated that SMA, myosin heavy chain II, collagen 1, calponin, transgelin, connexin 43, and vimentin expression in the SMCs obtained via the Contractile SMC protocol and in SMCs differentiated via a traditional protocol were similar, while SMCs produced via the Sythetic SMC protocol expressed less calponin, more collagen 1, and more connexin 43. Differences were also observed in functional assessments of the two SMC populations: the two-dimensional surface area of Contractile SMCs declined more extensively (to 12% versus 44% of original size) in response to carbachol treatment, while quantification of cell migration and proliferation were greater in Synthetic SMCs. Collectively, these data demonstrate that our novel differentiation protocols can efficiently generate SMCs from hiPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libang Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Zhaohui Geng
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Thomas Nickel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Caitlin Johnson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Lin Gao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - James Dutton
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Cody Hou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
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23
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Steins A, Dik P, Müller WH, Vervoort SJ, Reimers K, Kuhbier JW, Vogt PM, van Apeldoorn AA, Coffer PJ, Schepers K. In Vitro Evaluation of Spider Silk Meshes as a Potential Biomaterial for Bladder Reconstruction. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145240. [PMID: 26689371 PMCID: PMC4687005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Reconstruction of the bladder by means of both natural and synthetic materials remains a challenge due to severe adverse effects such as mechanical failure. Here we investigate the application of spider major ampullate gland-derived dragline silk from the Nephila edulis spider, a natural biomaterial with outstanding mechanical properties and a slow degradation rate, as a potential scaffold for bladder reconstruction by studying the cellular response of primary bladder cells to this biomaterial. We demonstrate that spider silk without any additional biological coating supports adhesion and growth of primary human urothelial cells (HUCs), which are multipotent bladder cells able to differentiate into the various epithelial layers of the bladder. HUCs cultured on spider silk did not show significant changes in the expression of various epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and fibrosis associated genes, and demonstrated only slight reduction in the expression of adhesion and cellular differentiation genes. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis showed that most of the silk-exposed HUCs maintain an undifferentiated immunophenotype. These results demonstrate that spider silk from the Nephila edulis spider supports adhesion, survival and growth of HUCs without significantly altering their cellular properties making this type of material a suitable candidate for being tested in pre-clinical models for bladder reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Steins
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Division of Pediatrics, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Cell Biology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Dik
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Division of Pediatrics, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wally H. Müller
- Utrecht University, Department of Chemistry, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stephin J. Vervoort
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Cell Biology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Reimers
- Medical School Hannover, Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jörn W. Kuhbier
- Medical School Hannover, Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter M. Vogt
- Medical School Hannover, Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover, Germany
| | - Aart A. van Apeldoorn
- University of Twente, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Department of Developmental Bioengineering, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J. Coffer
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Division of Pediatrics, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Cell Biology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Koen Schepers
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Cell Biology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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24
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Dzhoyashvili NA, Shen S, Rochev YA. Natural and Synthetic Materials for Self-Renewal, Long-Term Maintenance, and Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:2342-59. [PMID: 25867178 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have attracted considerable attention from the public, clinicians, and scientists since their discovery in 2006, and raised huge expectations for regenerative medicine. One of the distinctive features of iPSCs is their propensity to differentiate into the cells of three germ lines in vitro and in vivo. The human iPSCs can be used to study the mechanisms underlying a disease and to monitor the disease progression, for testing drugs in vitro, and for cell therapy, avoiding many ethical and immunologic concerns. This technology offers the potential to take an individual approach to each patient and allows a more accurate diagnosis and specific treatment. However, there are several obstacles that impede the use of iPSCs. The derivation of fully reprogrammed iPSCs is expensive, time-consuming, and demands meticulous attention to many details. The use of biomaterials could increase the efficacy and safety while decreasing the cost of tissue engineering. The choice of a substrate utilized for iPSC culture is also important because cell-substrate contacts influence cellular behavior such as self-renewal, expansion, and differentiation. This Progress Report aims to summarize the advantages and drawbacks of natural and synthetic biomaterials, and to evaluate their role for maintenance and differentiation of iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina A. Dzhoyashvili
- School of Chemistry; National University of Ireland; Galway (NUIG), University Road Galway Ireland
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB); Biosciences Research Building, Newcastle Road Dangan Galway Ireland
| | - Sanbing Shen
- School of Medicine; National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG); University Road Galway Ireland
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI); Biosciences Research Building; Newcastle Road Dangan Galway Ireland
| | - Yury A. Rochev
- School of Chemistry; National University of Ireland; Galway (NUIG), University Road Galway Ireland
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB); Biosciences Research Building, Newcastle Road Dangan Galway Ireland
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25
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Abstract
As bladder reconstruction strategies evolve, a feasible and safe source of transplantable urothelium becomes a major consideration for patients with advanced bladder disease, particularly cancer. Pluripotent stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), are attractive candidates from which to derive urothelium as they renew and proliferate indefinitely in vitro and fulfill the non-autologous and/or non-urologic criteria, respectively, that is required for many patients. This review presents the latest advancements in differentiating urothelium from pluripotent stem cells in vitro in the context of current bladder tissue engineering strategies.
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26
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Pellowe AS, Gonzalez AL. Extracellular matrix biomimicry for the creation of investigational and therapeutic devices. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 8:5-22. [PMID: 26053111 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a web of fibrous proteins that serves as a scaffold for tissues and organs, and is important for maintaining homeostasis and facilitating cellular adhesion. Integrin transmembrane receptors are the primary adhesion molecules that anchor cells to the ECM, thus integrating cells with their microenvironments. Integrins play a critical role in facilitating cell-matrix interactions and promoting signal transduction, both from the cell to the ECM and vice versa, ultimately mediating cell behavior. For this reason, many advanced biomaterials employ biomimicry by replicating the form and function of fibrous ECM proteins. The ECM also acts as a reservoir for small molecules and growth factors, wherein fibrous proteins directly bind and present these bioactive moieties that facilitate cell activity. Therefore biomimicry can be enhanced by incorporating small molecules into ECM-like substrates. Biomimetic ECM materials have served as invaluable research tools for studying interactions between cells and the surrounding ECM, revealing that cell-matrix signaling is driven by mechanical forces, integrin engagement, and small molecules. Mimicking pathological ECMs has also elucidated disease specific cell behaviors. For example, biomimetic tumor microenvironments have been used to induce metastatic cell behaviors, and have thereby shown promise for in vitro cancer drug testing and targeting. Further, ECM-like substrates have been successfully employed for autologous cell recolonization for tissue engineering and wound healing. As we continue to learn more about the mechanical and biochemical characteristics of the ECM, these properties can be harnessed to develop new biomaterials, biomedical devices, and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S Pellowe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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27
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Mauney JR, Adam RM. Dynamic reciprocity in cell-scaffold interactions. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 82-83:77-85. [PMID: 25453262 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering in urology has shown considerable promise. However, there is still much to understand, particularly regarding the interactions between scaffolds and their host environment, how these interactions regulate regeneration and how they may be enhanced for optimal tissue repair. In this review, we discuss the concept of dynamic reciprocity as applied to tissue engineering, i.e. how bi-directional signaling between implanted scaffolds and host tissues such as the bladder drives the process of constructive remodeling to ensure successful graft integration and tissue repair. The impact of scaffold content and configuration, the contribution of endogenous and exogenous bioactive factors, the influence of the host immune response and the functional interaction with mechanical stimulation are all considered. In addition, the temporal relationships of host tissue ingrowth, bioactive factor mobilization, scaffold degradation and immune cell infiltration, as well as the reciprocal signaling between discrete cell types and scaffolds are discussed. Improved understanding of these aspects of tissue repair will identify opportunities for optimization of repair that could be exploited to enhance regenerative medicine strategies for urology in future studies.
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Lin HK, Madihally SV, Palmer B, Frimberger D, Fung KM, Kropp BP. Biomatrices for bladder reconstruction. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 82-83:47-63. [PMID: 25477305 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There is a demand for tissue engineering of the bladder needed by patients who experience a neurogenic bladder or idiopathic detrusor overactivity. To avoid complications from augmentation cystoplasty, the field of tissue engineering seeks optimal scaffolds for bladder reconstruction. Naturally derived biomaterials as well as synthetic and natural polymers have been explored as bladder substitutes. To improve regenerative properties, these biomaterials have been conjugated with functional molecules, combined with nanotechology, or seeded with exogenous cells. Although most studies reported complete and functional bladder regeneration in small-animal models, results from large-animal models and human clinical trials varied. For functional bladder regeneration, procedures for biomaterial fabrication, incorporation of biologically active agents, introduction of nanotechnology, and application of stem-cell technology need to be standardized. Advanced molecular and medical technologies such as next generation sequencing and magnetic resonance imaging can be introduced for mechanistic understanding and non-invasive monitoring of regeneration processes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Kung Lin
- Department of Urology, The Children's Hospital of Oklahoma, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Sundar V Madihally
- Department of Chemical Engineering, 423 Engineering North, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Blake Palmer
- Department of Urology, The Children's Hospital of Oklahoma, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Dominic Frimberger
- Department of Urology, The Children's Hospital of Oklahoma, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Kar-Ming Fung
- Department of Urology, The Children's Hospital of Oklahoma, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Bradley P Kropp
- Department of Urology, The Children's Hospital of Oklahoma, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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29
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Sharma AK, Cheng EY. Growth factor and small molecule influence on urological tissue regeneration utilizing cell seeded scaffolds. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 82-83:86-92. [PMID: 25446138 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine strategies combine various attributes from multiple disciplines including stem cell biology, chemistry, materials science and medicine. The junction at which these disciplines intersect provides a means to address unmet medical needs in an assortment of pathologies with the goal of creating sustainable, functional replacement tissues. Tissue damage caused by trauma for example, requires rapid responses in order to mitigate further tissue deterioration. Cell/scaffold composites have been utilized to initiate and stabilize regenerative responses in vivo with the hope that functional tissue can be attained. Along with the gross reconfiguration of regenerating tissues, small molecules and growth factors also play a pivotal role in tissue regeneration. Several regenerative studies targeting a variety of urological tissues demonstrate the utility of these small molecules or growth factors in an in vivo setting.
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30
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Ninan N, Thomas S, Grohens Y. Wound healing in urology. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 82-83:93-105. [PMID: 25500273 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is a dynamic and complex phenomenon of replacing devitalized tissues in the body. Urethral healing takes place in four phases namely inflammation, proliferation, maturation and remodelling, similar to dermal healing. However, the duration of each phase of wound healing in urology is extended for a longer period when compared to that of dermatology. An ideal wound dressing material removes exudate, creates a moist environment, offers protection from foreign substances and promotes tissue regeneration. A single wound dressing material shall not be sufficient to treat all kinds of wounds as each wound is distinct. This review includes the recent attempts to explore the hidden potential of growth factors, stem cells, siRNA, miRNA and drugs for promoting wound healing in urology. The review also discusses the different technologies used in hospitals to treat wounds in urology, which make use of innovative biomaterials synthesised in regenerative medicines like hydrogels, hydrocolloids, foams, films etc., incorporated with growth factors, drug molecules or nanoparticles. These include surgical zippers, laser tissue welding, negative pressure wound therapy, and hyperbaric oxygen treatment.
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Franck D, Chung YG, Coburn J, Kaplan DL, Estrada CR, Mauney JR. In vitro evaluation of bi-layer silk fibroin scaffolds for gastrointestinal tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng 2014; 5:2041731414556849. [PMID: 25396043 PMCID: PMC4228923 DOI: 10.1177/2041731414556849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Silk fibroin scaffolds were investigated for their ability to support attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of human gastrointestinal epithelial and smooth muscle cell lines in order to ascertain their potential for tissue engineering. A bi-layer silk fibroin matrix composed of a porous silk fibroin foam annealed to a homogeneous silk fibroin film was evaluated in parallel with small intestinal submucosa scaffolds. AlamarBlue analysis revealed that silk fibroin scaffolds supported significantly higher levels of small intestinal smooth muscle cell, colon smooth muscle cell, and esophageal smooth muscle cell attachment in comparison to small intestinal submucosa. Following 7 days of culture, relative numbers of each smooth muscle cell population maintained on both scaffold groups were significantly elevated over respective 1-day levels—indicative of cell proliferation. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated that both silk fibroin and small intestinal submucosa scaffolds were permissive for contractile differentiation of small intestinal smooth muscle cell, colon smooth muscle cell, esophageal smooth muscle cell as determined by significant upregulation of α-smooth muscle actin and SM22α messenger RNA and protein expression levels following transforming growth factor-β1 stimulation. AlamarBlue analysis demonstrated that both matrix groups supported similar degrees of attachment and proliferation of gastrointestinal epithelial cell lines including colonic T84 cells and esophageal epithelial cells. Following 14 days of culture on both matrices, spontaneous differentiation of T84 cells toward an enterocyte lineage was confirmed by expression of brush border enzymes, lactase, and maltase, as determined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical analyses. In contrast to small intestinal submucosa scaffolds, silk fibroin scaffolds supported spontaneous differentiation of esophageal epithelial cells toward a suprabasal cell lineage as indicated by significant upregulation of cytokeratin 4 and cytokeratin 13 messenger RNA transcript levels. In addition, esophageal epithelial cells maintained on silk fibroin scaffolds also produced significantly higher involucrin messenger RNA transcript levels in comparison to small intestinal submucosa counterparts, indicating an increased propensity for superficial, squamous cell specification. Collectively, these data provide evidence for the potential of silk fibroin scaffolds for gastrointestinal tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra Franck
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yeun Goo Chung
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA ; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeannine Coburn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Carlos R Estrada
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA ; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua R Mauney
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA ; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Kuppan P, Sethuraman S, Krishnan UM. Interaction of human smooth muscle cells with nanofibrous scaffolds: Effect of fiber orientation on cell adhesion, proliferation, and functional gene expression. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:2236-50. [PMID: 25345836 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) and PCL-gelatin random and aligned nanofibers with diameters in the range of 200-400 nm were developed through electrospinning. Mechanical properties of aligned PCL and PCL-gelatin nanofibers were compared, and it was found that aligned PCL nanofibers showed significantly higher tensile strength and Young's modulus than the PCL-gelatin nanofiber system (p < 0.05). The in vitro degradation of aligned nanofibers showed that PCL-gelatin nanofibers degrade faster than aligned PCL nanofibers. Further, human smooth muscle cells were cultured on the random and aligned PCL-gelatin nanofibers and evaluated for adhesion, orientation, morphology, viability, proliferation and gene expression. Our results demonstrate that PCL-gelatin promotes higher cell adhesion and proliferation than the PCL nanofibers after 3, 7, and 10 days of culture. Aligned topography favored orientation of the cells along their directions and cell stretching was better in aligned nanofibers than the random nanofibers. The upregulation of α-actin, myosin heavy chain, collagen type I, and elastin genes demonstrate good cell-matrix interactions in both random and aligned scaffolds. Therefore, the present study concludes that aligned PCL-gelatin nanofibers could serve as potential scaffolding for culture of smooth muscle cells and may promote functional regeneration of tubular organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purushothaman Kuppan
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Swaminathan Sethuraman
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
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Integration of proteomic and transcriptomic profiles identifies a novel PDGF-MYC network in human smooth muscle cells. Cell Commun Signal 2014; 12:44. [PMID: 25080971 PMCID: PMC4422302 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-014-0044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) has been implicated in the proliferation, migration and synthetic activities of smooth muscle cells that characterize physiologic and pathologic tissue remodeling in hollow organs. However, neither the molecular basis of PDGFR-regulated signaling webs, nor the extent to which specific components within these networks could be exploited for therapeutic benefit has been fully elucidated. Results Expression profiling and quantitative proteomics analysis of PDGF-treated primary human bladder smooth muscle cells identified 1,695 genes and 241 proteins as differentially expressed versus non-treated cells. Analysis of gene expression data revealed MYC, JUN, EGR1, MYB, RUNX1, as the transcription factors most significantly networked with up-regulated genes. Forty targets were significantly altered at both the mRNA and protein levels. Proliferation, migration and angiogenesis were the biological processes most significantly associated with this signature, and MYC was the most highly networked master regulator. Alterations in master regulators and gene targets were validated in PDGF-stimulated smooth muscle cells in vitro and in a model of bladder injury in vivo. Pharmacologic inhibition of MYC and JUN confirmed their role in SMC proliferation and migration. Network analysis identified the diaphanous-related formin 3 as a novel PDGF target regulated by MYC and JUN, which was necessary for PDGF-stimulated lamellipodium formation. Conclusions These findings provide the first systems-level analysis of the PDGF-regulated transcriptome and proteome in normal smooth muscle cells. The analyses revealed an extensive cohort of PDGF-dependent biological processes and connected key transcriptional effectors to their regulation, significantly expanding current knowledge of PDGF-stimulated signaling cascades. These observations also implicate MYC as a novel target for pharmacological intervention in fibroproliferative expansion of smooth muscle, and potentially in cancers in which PDGFR-dependent signaling or MYC activation promote tumor progression.
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Marycz K, Śmieszek A, Grzesiak J, Donesz-Sikorska A, Krzak-Roś J. Application of bone marrow and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for testing the biocompatibility of metal-based biomaterials functionalized with ascorbic acid. Biomed Mater 2013; 8:065004. [PMID: 24280658 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/8/6/065004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, metal-based biomaterials were functionalized with ascorbic acid (LAA). Two types of substrates were used: austenitic steel 316L and titanium Ti6Al4V. Coatings were prepared with the sol-gel method and applied on metal surfaces using the dip-coating technique. Ascorbic acid was delivered with SiO2-coating at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.4 M. The morphology of the surfaces and coatings was determined using scanning electron microscope (SEM), whereas their elemental composition by SEM-EDX. Immobilization of ascorbic acid in the coatings was confirmed with Raman spectroscopy. The biocompatibility of the materials obtained was tested in vitro using both bone marrow- and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSC and ADMSC, respectively). Proliferation rate and morphology of cells cultured in the presence of designed biomaterials were monitored after 24, 48, 120 and 168 h of propagation. The results obtained indicated that silica coatings doped with 0.4 M LAA had a positive effect on the proliferation rate of investigated cells, and in some cases on the growth pattern of culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Marycz
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 5b St, 50-631 Wroclaw, Poland. Wrocławskie Centrum Badań EIT+, Stablowicka 147 St, 54-066 Wroclaw, Poland
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Seth A, Chung YG, Gil ES, Tu D, Franck D, Di Vizio D, Adam RM, Kaplan DL, Estrada CR, Mauney JR. The performance of silk scaffolds in a rat model of augmentation cystoplasty. Biomaterials 2013; 34:4758-65. [PMID: 23545287 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The diverse processing plasticity of silk-based biomaterials offers a versatile platform for understanding the impact of structural and mechanical matrix properties on bladder regenerative processes. Three distinct groups of 3-D matrices were fabricated from aqueous solutions of Bombyx mori silk fibroin either by a gel spinning technique (GS1 and GS2 groups) or a solvent-casting/salt-leaching method in combination with silk film casting (FF group). SEM analyses revealed that GS1 matrices consisted of smooth, compact multi-laminates of parallel-oriented silk fibers while GS2 scaffolds were composed of porous (pore size range, 5-50 μm) lamellar-like sheets buttressed by a dense outer layer. Bi-layer FF scaffolds were comprised of porous foams (pore size, ~400 μm) fused on their external face with a homogenous, nonporous silk film. Silk groups and small intestinal submucosa (SIS) matrices were evaluated in a rat model of augmentation cystoplasty for 10 weeks of implantation and compared to cystotomy controls. Gross tissue evaluations revealed the presence of intra-luminal stones in all experimental groups. The incidence and size of urinary calculi was the highest in animals implanted with gel spun silk matrices and SIS with frequencies ≥57% and stone diameters of 3-4 mm. In contrast, rats augmented with FF scaffolds displayed substantially lower rates (20%) and stone size (2 mm), similar to the levels observed in controls (13%, 2 mm). Histological (hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome) and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses showed comparable extents of smooth muscle regeneration and contractile protein (α-smooth muscle actin and SM22α) expression within defect sites supported by all matrix groups similar to controls. Parallel evaluations demonstrated the formation of a transitional, multi-layered urothelium with prominent uroplakin and p63 protein expression in all experimental groups. De novo innervation and vascularization processes were evident in all regenerated tissues indicated by Fox3-positive neuronal cells and vessels lined with CD31 expressing endothelial cells. In comparison to other biomaterial groups, cystometric analyses at 10 weeks post-op revealed that animals implanted with the FF matrix configuration displayed superior urodynamic characteristics including compliance, functional capacity, as well as spontaneous non voiding contractions consistent with control levels. Our data demonstrate that variations in scaffold processing techniques can influence the in vivo functional performance of silk matrices in bladder reconstructive procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Seth
- Department of Urology, Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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