1
|
Perween N, Pekhale K, Haval G, Sirkar G, Bose GS, Mittal SPK, Ghaskadbi S, Ghaskadbi SS. Identification and characterization of multidomain monothiol glutaredoxin 3 from diploblastic Hydra. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 273:110986. [PMID: 38703881 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.110986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Intracellular antioxidant glutaredoxin controls cell proliferation and survival. Based on the active site, structure, and conserved domain motifs, it is classified into two classes. Class I contains dithiol Grxs with two cysteines in the consensus active site sequence CXXC, while class II has monothiol Grxs with one cysteine residue in the active site. Monothiol Grxs can also have an additional N-terminal thioredoxin (Trx)-like domain. Previously, we reported the characterization of Grx1 from Hydra vulgaris (HvGrx1), which is a dithiol isoform. Here, we report the molecular cloning, expression, analysis, and characterization of another isoform of Grx, which is the multidomain monothiol glutaredoxin-3 from Hydra vulgaris (HvGrx3). It encodes a protein with 303 amino acids and is significantly larger and more divergent than HvGrx1. In-silico analysis revealed that Grx1 and Grx3 have 22.5% and 9.9% identical nucleotide and amino acid sequences, respectively. HvGrx3 has two glutaredoxin domains and a thioredoxin-like domain at its amino terminus, unlike HvGrx1, which has a single glutaredoxin domain. Like other monothiol glutaredoxins, HvGrx3 failed to reduce glutathione-hydroxyethyl disulfide. In the whole Hydra, HvGrx3 was found to be expressed all over the body column, and treatment with H2O2 led to a significant upregulation of HvGrx3. When transfected in HCT116 (human colon cancer cells) cells, HvGrx3 enhanced cell proliferation and migration, indicating that this isoform could be involved in these cellular functions. These transfected cells also tolerate oxidative stress better.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Perween
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India; Department of Zoology, M.C.E. Society's Abeda Inamdar Senior College, Pune 411001, India. https://twitter.com/nusratperween13
| | - Komal Pekhale
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Gauri Haval
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India; Department of Zoology, Abasaheb Garware College, Pune 411004, India
| | - Gargi Sirkar
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Ganesh S Bose
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Smriti P K Mittal
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Surendra Ghaskadbi
- Developmental Biology Group, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, Pune 411004, India
| | - Saroj S Ghaskadbi
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Revisiting Epithelial Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137437. [PMID: 35806442 PMCID: PMC9267463 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The origin of cancer remains one of the most important enigmas in modern biology. This paper presents a hypothesis for the origin of carcinomas in which cellular aging and inflammation enable the recovery of cellular plasticity, which may ultimately result in cancer. The hypothesis describes carcinogenesis as the result of the dedifferentiation undergone by epithelial cells in hyperplasia due to replicative senescence towards a mesenchymal cell state with potentially cancerous behavior. In support of this hypothesis, the molecular, cellular, and histopathological evidence was critically reviewed and reinterpreted when necessary to postulate a plausible generic series of mechanisms for the origin and progression of carcinomas. In addition, the implications of this theoretical framework for the current strategies of cancer treatment are discussed considering recent evidence of the molecular events underlying the epigenetic switches involved in the resistance of breast carcinomas. The hypothesis also proposes an epigenetic landscape for their progression and a potential mechanism for restraining the degree of dedifferentiation and malignant behavior. In addition, the manuscript revisits the gradual degeneration of the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease to propose an integrative generalized mechanistic explanation for the involution and carcinogenesis of tissues associated with aging. The presented hypothesis might serve to understand and structure new findings into a more encompassing view of the genesis of degenerative diseases and may inspire novel approaches for their study and therapy.
Collapse
|
3
|
Holtzer L, Wesseling-Rozendaal Y, Verhaegh W, van de Stolpe A. Measurement of activity of developmental signal transduction pathways to quantify stem cell pluripotency and phenotypically characterize differentiated cells. Stem Cell Res 2022; 61:102748. [PMID: 35325817 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2022.102748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Important challenges in stem cell research and regenerative medicine are reliable assessment of pluripotency state and purity of differentiated cell populations. Pluripotency and differentiation are regulated and determined by activity of developmental signal transduction pathways (STPs). To date activity of these STPs could not be directly measured on a cell sample. Here we validate a novel assay platform for measurement of activity of developmental STPs (STP) for use in stem cells and stem cell derivatives. In addition to previously developed STP assays, we report development of an additional STP assay for the MAPK-AP1 pathway. Subsequently, activity of Notch, Hedgehog, TGFβ, Wnt, PI3K, MAPK-AP1, and NFκB signaling pathways was calculated from Affymetrix transcriptome data of human pluripotent embryonic (hES) and iPS cell lines under different culture conditions, organ-derived multipotent stem cells, and differentiated cell types, to generate quantitative STP activity profiles. Results show that the STP assay technology enables reliable and quantitative measurement of multiple STP activities simultaneously on any individual cell sample. Using the technology, we found that culture conditions dominantly influence the pluripotent stem cell STP activity profile, while the origin of the stem cell line was a minor variable. A pluripotency STP activity profile (Pluripotency qPAP) was defined (active PI3K, MAPK, Hedgehog, Notch, TGFβ, and NFκB pathway, inactive Wnt pathway). Differentiation of hES cells to intestinal progenitor cells resulted in an STP activity profile characterized by active PI3K, Wnt and Notch pathways, comparable to the STP activity profile measured on primary intestinal crypt stem cells. Quantitative STP activity measurement is expected to improve experimental reproducibility and standardization of pluripotent and multipotent stem cell culture/differentiation, and enable controlled manipulation of pluripotency/differentiation state using pathway targeting compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Holtzer
- Molecular Pathway Diagnostics, Philips, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Wim Verhaegh
- Molecular Pathway Diagnostics, Philips, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bishop TF, Beck CW. Bacterial lipopolysaccharides can initiate regeneration of the Xenopus tadpole tail. iScience 2021; 24:103281. [PMID: 34765912 PMCID: PMC8571501 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tadpoles of the frog Xenopus laevis can regenerate tails except for a short "refractory" period in which they heal rather than regenerate. Rapid and sustained production of ROS by NADPH oxidase (Nox) is critical for regeneration. Here, we show that tail amputation results in rapid, transient activation of the ROS-activated transcription factor NF-κB and expression of its direct target cox2 in the wound epithelium. Activation of NF-κB is also sufficient to rescue refractory tail regeneration. We propose that bacteria on the tadpole's skin could influence tail regenerative outcomes, possibly via LPS-TLR4-NF-κB signaling. When raised in antibiotics, fewer tadpoles in the refractory stage attempted regeneration, whereas addition of LPS rescued regeneration. Short-term activation of NF-κB using small molecules enhanced regeneration of tadpole hindlimbs, but not froglet forelimbs. We propose a model in which host microbiome contributes to creating optimal conditions for regeneration, via regulation of NF-κB by the innate immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F. Bishop
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 340 Great King Street, Dunedin, Otago 9016, New Zealand
| | - Caroline W. Beck
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 340 Great King Street, Dunedin, Otago 9016, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Albendazole inhibits NF-κB signaling pathway to overcome tumor stemness and bortezomib resistance in multiple myeloma. Cancer Lett 2021; 520:307-320. [PMID: 34390764 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is incurable and the second most common hematologic malignancy in plasma cells. Multiple myeloma stem cell-like cells (MMSCs), a rare population of MM cells, are believed to be the major cause of drug resistance and high recurrence rates in patients with MM. Therefore, developing novel strategies to eradicate MMSCs may favor myeloma treatment. In this study, based on the drug repositioning strategy, we found that albendazole (ABZ), a broad-spectrum antiparasitic drug, selectively suppresses the proliferation of multiple myeloma cells in vitro and in vivo and decreases number of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)-positive MMSCs in MM. Furthermore, RNA-seq of MM cells after ABZ treatment revealed that inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway is a key mediator of ABZ against MM. Moreover, we demonstrated that ABZ can resensitize cells resistant to bortezomib and overcome MMSCs-induced bortezomib resistance by decreasing ALDH1+ MMSCs numbers. Our findings provide preclinical evidence for utilizing the previously known pharmacologically active drug albendazole for the treatment of multiple myeloma.
Collapse
|
6
|
Deyell M, Garris CS, Laughney AM. Cancer metastasis as a non-healing wound. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:1491-1502. [PMID: 33731858 PMCID: PMC8076293 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01309-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most cancer deaths are caused by metastasis: recurrence of disease by disseminated tumour cells at sites distant from the primary tumour. Large numbers of disseminated tumour cells are released from the primary tumour, even during the early stages of tumour growth. However, only a minority survive as potential seeds for future metastatic outgrowths. These cells must adapt to a relatively inhospitable microenvironment, evade immune surveillance and progress from the micro- to macro-metastatic stage to generate a secondary tumour. A pervasive driver of this transition is chronic inflammatory signalling emanating from tumour cells themselves. These signals can promote migration and engagement of stem and progenitor cell function, events that are also central to a wound healing response. In this review, we revisit the concept of cancer as a non-healing wound, first introduced by Virchow in the 19th century, with a new tumour cell-intrinsic perspective on inflammation and focus on metastasis. Cellular responses to inflammation in both wound healing and metastasis are tightly regulated by crosstalk with the surrounding microenvironment. Targeting or restoring canonical responses to inflammation could represent a novel strategy to prevent the lethal spread of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Deyell
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XInstitute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XSandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA ,grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282Chimie Biologie et Innovation, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Paris, France
| | | | - Ashley M. Laughney
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XInstitute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XSandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Haege ER, Huang HC, Huang CC. Identification of Lactate as a Cardiac Protectant by Inhibiting Inflammation and Cardiac Hypertrophy Using a Zebrafish Acute Heart Failure Model. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14030261. [PMID: 33803943 PMCID: PMC7999541 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute heart failure (AHF) commonly arises from decompensated chronic heart failure or sudden structural and functional breakdown causing a decrease in cardiac contractility and consequently fluid accumulation and systemic congestion. Current treatment for AHF aims at reducing fluid overload and improving hemodynamic which results in quick symptom relief but still poor prognostic outcome. This study utilizes a zebrafish AHF model induced by aristolochic acid (AA) to look for natural products that could attenuate the progression of AHF. The project started off by testing nearly seventy herbal crude extracts. Two of the positive extracts were from Chinese water chestnuts and are further studied in this report. After several rounds of chromatographical chemical fractionation and biological tests, a near pure fraction, named A2-4-2-4, with several hydrophilic compounds was found to attenuate the AA-induced AHF. A2-4-2-4 appeared to inhibit inflammation and cardiac hypertrophy by reducing MAPK signaling activity. Chemical analyses revealed that the major compound in A2-4-2-4 is actually lactate. Pure sodium lactate showed attenuation of the AA-induced AHF and inflammation and cardiac hypertrophy suppression as well, suggesting that the AHF attenuation ability in A2-4-2-4 is attributable to lactate. Our studies identify lactate as a cardiac protectant and a new therapeutic agent for AHF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elijah R. Haege
- Biology Department, University of Wisconsin-River Falls, River Falls, WI 54022, USA;
| | - Hui-Chi Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chines Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Master Program for Food and Drug Safety, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-C.H.); (C.-c.H.); Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 5211) (H.-C.H.); +1-715-425-4276 (C.-c.H.); Fax: +1-715-425-0378 (C.-c.H.)
| | - Cheng-chen Huang
- Biology Department, University of Wisconsin-River Falls, River Falls, WI 54022, USA;
- Correspondence: (H.-C.H.); (C.-c.H.); Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 5211) (H.-C.H.); +1-715-425-4276 (C.-c.H.); Fax: +1-715-425-0378 (C.-c.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mills WT, Nassar NN, Ravindra D, Li X, Meffert MK. Multi-Level Regulatory Interactions between NF-κB and the Pluripotency Factor Lin28. Cells 2020; 9:E2710. [PMID: 33348917 PMCID: PMC7767241 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An appreciation for the complex interactions between the NF-κB transcription factor and the Lin28 RNA binding protein/let-7 microRNA pathways has grown substantially over the past decade. Both the NF-κB and Lin28/let-7 pathways are master regulators impacting cell survival, growth and proliferation, and an understanding of how interfaces between these pathways participate in governing pluripotency, progenitor differentiation, and neuroplastic responses remains an emerging area of research. In this review, we provide a concise summary of the respective pathways and focus on the function of signaling interactions at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Regulatory loops capable of providing both reinforcing and extinguishing feedback have been described. We highlight convergent findings in disparate biological systems and indicate future directions for investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William T. Mills
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (W.T.M.IV); (N.N.N.); (D.R.); (X.L.)
| | - Noor N. Nassar
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (W.T.M.IV); (N.N.N.); (D.R.); (X.L.)
| | - Deepa Ravindra
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (W.T.M.IV); (N.N.N.); (D.R.); (X.L.)
| | - Xinbei Li
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (W.T.M.IV); (N.N.N.); (D.R.); (X.L.)
| | - Mollie K. Meffert
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (W.T.M.IV); (N.N.N.); (D.R.); (X.L.)
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
MicroRNAomic Transcriptomic Analysis Reveal Deregulation of Clustered Cellular Functions in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells During in Vitro Passaging. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 16:222-238. [PMID: 31848878 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-019-09924-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Clinical trials using human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hMSCs) for cell replacement therapy showed varied outcomes, where cells' efficacy has been perceived as the limiting factor. In particular, the quality and number of the expanded cells in vitro. In this study, we aimed to determine molecular signatures of hMSCs derived from the pulp of extracted deciduous teeth (SHED) and Wharton's jelly (WJSCs) that associated with cellular ageing during in vitro passaging. We observed distinct phenotypic changes resembling proliferation reduction, cell enlargement, an increase cell population in G2/M phase, and differentially expressed of tumor suppressor p53 in passage (P) 6 as compared to P3, which indicating in vitro cell senescence. The subsequent molecular analysis showed a set of diverse differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs involved in maintaining cell proliferation and stemness properties. Considering the signaling pathway related to G2/M DNA damage regulation is widely recognized as part of anti-proliferation mechanism controlled by p53, we explored possible miRNA-mRNA interaction in this regulatory pathway based on genomic coordinates retrieved from miRanda. Our work reveals the potential reason for SHED underwent proliferation arrest due to the direct impinge on the expression of CKS1 by miRNAs specifically miR-22 and miR-485-5p which lead to down regulation of CDK1 and Cyclin B. It is intended that our study will contribute to the understanding of these miRNA/mRNA driving the biological process and regulating different stages of cell cycle is beneficial in developing effective rejuvenation strategies in order to obtain quality stem cells for transplantation.
Collapse
|
10
|
Ruiz-Perera LM, Greiner JFW, Kaltschmidt C, Kaltschmidt B. A Matter of Choice: Inhibition of c-Rel Shifts Neuronal to Oligodendroglial Fate in Human Stem Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041037. [PMID: 32331232 PMCID: PMC7226153 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying fate decisions of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) between neurogenesis and gliogenesis are critical during neuronal development and neurodegenerative diseases. Despite its crucial role in the murine nervous system, the potential role of the transcription factor NF-κB in the neuronal development of hNSCs is poorly understood. Here, we analyzed NF-κB subunit distribution during glutamatergic differentiation of hNSCs originating from neural crest-derived stem cells. We observed several peaks of specific NF-κB subunits. The most prominent nuclear peak was shown by c-REL subunit during a period of 2–5 days after differentiation onset. Furthermore, c-REL inhibition with pentoxifylline (PTXF) resulted in a complete shift towards oligodendroglial fate, as demonstrated by the presence of OLIG2+/O4+-oligodendrocytes, which showed PDGFRα, NG2 and MBP at the transcript level. In addition c-REL impairment further produced a significant decrease in neuronal survival. Transplantation of PTXF-treated predifferentiated hNSCs into an ex vivo oxidative-stress-mediated demyelination model of mouse organotypic cerebellar slices further led to integration in the white matter and differentiation into MBP+ oligodendrocytes, validating their functionality and therapeutic potential. In summary, we present a human cellular model of neuronal differentiation exhibiting a novel essential function of NF-κB-c-REL in fate choice between neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis which will potentially be relevant for multiple sclerosis and schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christian Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.F.W.G.); (C.K.)
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany;
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.F.W.G.); (C.K.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gao J, Petraki S, Sun X, Brooks LA, Lynch TJ, Hsieh CL, Elteriefi R, Lorenzana Z, Punj V, Engelhardt JF, Parekh KR, Ryan AL. Derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells from ferret somatic cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L671-L683. [PMID: 32073882 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00456.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferrets are an attractive mammalian model for several diseases, especially those affecting the lungs, liver, brain, and kidneys. Many chronic human diseases have been difficult to model in rodents due to differences in size and cellular anatomy. This is particularly the case for the lung, where ferrets provide an attractive mammalian model of both acute and chronic lung diseases, such as influenza, cystic fibrosis, A1A emphysema, and obliterative bronchiolitis, closely recapitulating disease pathogenesis, as it occurs in humans. As such, ferrets have the potential to be a valuable preclinical model for the evaluation of cell-based therapies for lung regeneration and, likely, for other tissues. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide a great option for provision of enough autologous cells to make patient-specific cell therapies a reality. Unfortunately, they have not been successfully created from ferrets. In this study, we demonstrate the generation of ferret iPSCs that reflect the primed pluripotent state of human iPSCs. Ferret fetal fibroblasts were reprogrammed and acquired core features of pluripotency, having the capacity for self-renewal, multilineage differentiation, and a high-level expression of the core pluripotency genes and pathways at both the transcriptional and protein level. In conclusion, we have generated ferret pluripotent stem cells that provide an opportunity for advancing our capacity to evaluate autologous cell engraftment in ferrets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Gao
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sophia Petraki
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Xingshen Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Leonard A Brooks
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Thomas J Lynch
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Chih-Lin Hsieh
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Reem Elteriefi
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zareeb Lorenzana
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Vasu Punj
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - John F Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Kalpaj R Parekh
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Amy L Ryan
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Niu H, Xiao J, Ma Z, Chen L. Prmt4-mediated methylation of NF-κB is critical for neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 525:S0006-291X(20)30340-5. [PMID: 32070496 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neural differentiation is a complex process regulated by multiple signaling at different regulatory levels. Though great progresses have been made in understanding the mechanisms of neural differentiation, post-translational regulation of neural differentiation remains largely unknown. In this study, we found Prmt4, one of the methyltransferases catalyzing protein arginine methylation, is highly expressed in neural stem cells (NSCs) and associated with neural differentiation. Knockout of Prmt4 in mESCs blocked neural differentiation by inhibiting NF-κB activation. Mechanistically, Prmt4 interacts with NF-κB component p65 to promote its methylation, resulting in increased activation of NF-κB signaling during neural differentiation. Our study not only identified Prmt4 as novel regulator of neural differentiation, but also highlighted the importance of protein arginine methylation in cell fate transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hengli Niu
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Jiyuan Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
| | - Zhongxing Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, 6th People's Hospital, Zhangjiagang City, Jiangsu Province, 215600, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
MiR-424 overexpression protects alveolar epithelial cells from LPS-induced apoptosis and inflammation by targeting FGF2 via the NF-κB pathway. Life Sci 2020; 242:117213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
14
|
Yang S, Wang J, Guo S, Huang D, Lorigados IB, Nie X, Lou D, Li Y, Liu M, Kang Y, Zhou W, Song W. Transcriptional activation of USP16 gene expression by NFκB signaling. Mol Brain 2019; 12:120. [PMID: 31888715 PMCID: PMC6937840 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-019-0535-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 16 (USP16) has been reported to contribute to somatic stem-cell defects in Down syndrome. However, how this gene being regulated is largely unknown. To study the mechanism underlying USP16 gene expression, USP16 gene promoter was cloned and analyzed by luciferase assay. We identified that the 5′ flanking region (− 1856 bp ~ + 468 bp) of the human USP16 gene contained the functional promotor to control its transcription. Three bona fide NFκB binding sites were found in USP16 promoter. We showed that p65 overexpression enhanced endogenous USP16 mRNA level. Furthermore, LPS and TNFα, strong activators of the NFκB pathway, upregulated the USP16 transcription. Our data demonstrate that USP16 gene expression is tightly regulated at transcription level. NFκB signaling regulates the human USP16 gene expression through three cis-acting elements. The results provide novel insights into a potential role of dysregulation of USP16 expression in Alzheimer’s dementia in Down Syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shou Yang
- Chongqing City Key Lab of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Juelu Wang
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Shipeng Guo
- Chongqing City Key Lab of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Daochao Huang
- Chongqing City Key Lab of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Isabel Bestard Lorigados
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Xing Nie
- Chongqing City Key Lab of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Dandan Lou
- Chongqing City Key Lab of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- Chongqing City Key Lab of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Mingjing Liu
- Chongqing City Key Lab of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yu Kang
- Chongqing City Key Lab of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Weihui Zhou
- Chongqing City Key Lab of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.
| | - Weihong Song
- Chongqing City Key Lab of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Guo YL. The underdeveloped innate immunity in embryonic stem cells: The molecular basis and biological perspectives from early embryogenesis. Am J Reprod Immunol 2019; 81:e13089. [PMID: 30614149 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have been intensively studied as a promising cell source for regenerative medicine. The rapid advancements in the field have not only proven the feasibility of ESC-based cell therapy, but also led to a better understanding of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) as a unique cell population at an early stage of embryogenesis. Recent studies have revealed that both human and mouse ESCs have attenuated innate immune responses to infectious agents and inflammatory cytokines. These findings raise interesting questions about the rationale for ESCs, the PSCs experimentally derived from preimplantation stage embryos, to not have an innate defense mechanism that has been adapted so well in somatic cells. All somatic cells have innate immune systems that can be activated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or cellular damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), leading to production of cytokines. The underdeveloped innate immunity represents a unique property of PSCs that may have important implications. This review discusses the immunological properties of PSCs, the molecular basis underlying their diminished innate immune responses, and the hypothesis that the attenuated innate immune responses could be an adaptive mechanism that allows PSCs to avoid cytotoxicity associated with inflammation and immune responses during early embryogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Lin Guo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bandyopadhyay S, Fowles JS, Yu L, Fisher DAC, Oh ST. Identification of functionally primitive and immunophenotypically distinct subpopulations in secondary acute myeloid leukemia by mass cytometry. CYTOMETRY. PART B, CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2019; 96:46-56. [PMID: 30426661 PMCID: PMC6343486 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Background: Mass cytometry (CyTOF) is a powerful tool for analyzing cellular networks at the single cell level. Due to the high-dimensional nature of this approach, analysis algorithms have been developed to visualize and interpret mass cytometry data. In this study, we applied these approaches to a cohort of patients with secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML). METHODS We utilized mass cytometry to interrogate localization and intensity of thrombopoietin-mediated intracellular signaling in sAML. Extracellular and intracellular phenotypes were dissected using SPADE, viSNE, and PhenoGraph. RESULTS Healthy controls exhibited highly localized signaling responses largely restricted to the hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) compartment. In contrast, sAML samples contained subpopulations outside the HSPC compartment exhibiting thrombopoietin (TPO) sensitivity comparable to or greater than immunophenotypically defined HSPCs. We employed unsupervised clustering by PhenoGraph to elucidate distinct subpopulations within these heterogeneous samples. One metacluster composed almost exclusively of Lin- CD61+ CD34- CD38- CD45low cells was identified. This subpopulation was not readily identified by established manual gating approaches, and generally exhibited greater STAT phosphorylation in response to TPO stimulation than did Lin- CD61- CD34+ CD38- cells. Lin- CD61+ CD34- CD38- CD45low cells were identified in three additional sAML patients analyzed independently using a manual gating approach based upon PhenoGraph results. Each patient exhibited a similar TPO hypersensitivity to the PhenoGraph metacluster. CONCLUSIONS The identification of this cellular subpopulation highlights the limitations of manual gating in sAML. Our study demonstrates the potential for mass cytometry to elucidate rare subpopulations in highly heterogeneous tumors by utilizing unsupervised high dimensional analysis. © 2018 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shovik Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Division of Hematology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Jared S Fowles
- Division of Hematology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Liyang Yu
- Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Daniel A C Fisher
- Division of Hematology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Stephen T Oh
- Division of Hematology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
- Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kukolj T, Trivanović D, Mojsilović S, Okić Djordjević I, Obradović H, Krstić J, Jauković A, Bugarski D. IL-33 guides osteogenesis and increases proliferation and pluripotency marker expression in dental stem cells. Cell Prolif 2018; 52:e12533. [PMID: 30430681 PMCID: PMC6430470 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Soluble IL‐33 (interleukin (IL)‐1‐like cytokine) acts as endogenous alarm signal (alarmin). Since alarmins, besides activating immune system, act to restore tissue homeostasis, we investigated whether IL‐33 exerts beneficial effects on oral stem cell pull. Materials and Methods Clonogenicity, proliferation, differentiation and senescence of stem cells derived from human periodontal ligament (PDLSCs) and dental pulp (DPSCs) were determined after in vitro exposure to IL‐33. Cellular changes were detected by flow cytometry, Western blot, immunocytochemistry and semiquantitative RT‐PCR. Results IL‐33 stimulated proliferation, clonogenicity and expression of pluripotency markers, OCT‐4, SOX‐2 and NANOG, but it inhibited ALP activity and mineralization in both PDLSCs and DPSCs. Higher Ki67 expression and reduced β‐galactosidase activity in IL‐33‐treated cells were demonstrated, whereas these trends were more conspicuous in osteogenic medium. However, after 7‐day IL‐33 pretreatment, differentiation capacity of IL‐33‐pretreated cells was retained, and increased ALP activity was observed in both cell types. Results showed that IL‐33 regulates NF‐κB and β‐catenin signalling, indicating the association of these molecules with changes observed in IL‐33‐treated PDLSCs and DPSCs, particularly their proliferation, pluripotency‐associated marker expression and osteogenesis. Conclusions IL‐33 treatment impairs osteogenesis of PDLSCs and DPSCs, while increases their clonogenicity, proliferation and pluripotency marker expression. After exposure to IL‐33, osteogenic capacity of cells stayed intact. NF‐κB and β‐catenin are implicated in the effects achieved by IL‐33 in PDLSCs and DPSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Kukolj
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Drenka Trivanović
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavko Mojsilović
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Okić Djordjević
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Hristina Obradović
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Krstić
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Jauković
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Diana Bugarski
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hypomethylation of NANOG promoter in colonic mucosal cells of obese patients: a possible role of NF- κB. Br J Nutr 2018; 122:499-508. [PMID: 30157990 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451800212x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and particularly central obesity are the main risk factors of colon cancer. All intestinal cell populations including stem cells, their progenitors and differentiated colonocytes seem to be the origin of colorectal cancer. However, recent data support the role of differentiated cells as cancer origin especially during inflammation. Based on Yamanaka's seminal work, re-expression of few transcription factors in terminally differentiated cells creates stemness properti'es. Although these transcription factors are involved in tumorigenesis, they are epigenetically repressed in adult tissues. We proposed that obesity might regulate methylation of stemness genes in colonocytes via inflammatory signalling. Obesity-associated inflammation was analysed using Western blot analysis of phospho-IκB (inhibitor of NF-κB). Methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting analysis was performed on colonic mucosal samples of twenty obese and twenty normal-weight men to analyse promoter methylation of POU5F1 (OCT4), NANOG, MYC and CDKN2A. TNF-treated HT-29 cells were used to recapitulate the effect of NF-κB activation on stemness genes methylation. Our results showed that colonic phosphorylation of IκB, as a signal of NF-κB activation, was higher in obese subjects compared with their normal-weight counterparts. Moreover, promoter methylation of NANOG was likely to be lower in obese subjects and correlated with central obesity. HT-29 cells incubated by TNF-α showed hypomethylation of POU5F1 and MYC genes in addition to the NANOG. These results suggest that obesity-induced inflammation might be involved in the regulation of DNA methylation of oncogenic genes such as NANOG in differentiated colonocytes and thus predispose them to later oncogenic alterations.
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang D, Xiang T, Zhao Z, Lin K, Yin P, Jiang L, Liang Z, Zhu B. Autocrine interleukin-23 promotes self-renewal of CD133+ ovarian cancer stem-like cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:76006-76020. [PMID: 27738346 PMCID: PMC5342794 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a group of cells which possess the ability of self-renewing and unlimited proliferation. And these CSCs are thought to be the cause of metastasis, recurrence and resistance. Recent study has found that pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemotactic factor mediate the self-renewing and differentiation of most of CSCs. Thus we speculate that ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs) can also maintain the ability of self-renewing and differentiation by releasing inflammatory factor. This report we discuss the biological characteristics and the specific molecular mechanism mediated by interleukin-23 (IL-23) and its receptor on the self-renewing of OCSCs. We found that OCSCs had high expression of IL-23 and IL-23R. IL-23 could promote the self-renewal ability of OCSCs and played a very important role to maintain the stable expression of stem cell markers in vitro. Moreover, we verified that IL-23 could maintain the potential tumorigenic of OCSCs in vivo and mediate the self-renewal ability and the formation of tumor in OCSCs by activating the signal pathways of STAT3 and NF-κB. In addition, human low differentiation tissues showed overexpression of IL-23. And IL-23 positively correlated to the expression level of CD133, Nanog and Oct4. In conclusion, Our discoveries demonstrate that autocrine IL-23 contribute to ovarian cancer malignancy through promoting the self-renewal of CD133+ ovarian cancer stem-like cells, and this suggests that IL-23 and its signaling pathway might serve as therapeutic targets for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Tong Xiang
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.,Department of Oncology, No. 421 Hospital of PLA, Guangzhou 510318, China
| | - Zhongquan Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, China
| | - Kailong Lin
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Pin Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lupin Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhiqing Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lo Re O, Vinciguerra M. Histone MacroH2A1: A Chromatin Point of Intersection between Fasting, Senescence and Cellular Regeneration. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8120367. [PMID: 29206173 PMCID: PMC5748685 DOI: 10.3390/genes8120367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone variants confer chromatin unique properties. They have specific genomic distribution, regulated by specific deposition and removal machineries. Histone variants, mostly of canonical histones H2A, H2B and H3, have important roles in early embryonic development, in lineage commitment of stem cells, in the converse process of somatic cell reprogramming to pluripotency and, in some cases, in the modulation of animal aging and life span. MacroH2A1 is a variant of histone H2A, present in two alternatively exon-spliced isoforms macroH2A1.1 and macroH2A1.2, regulating cell plasticity and proliferation, during pluripotency and tumorigenesis. Furthermore, macroH2A1 participates in the formation of senescence-associated heterochromatic foci (SAHF) in senescent cells, and multiple lines of evidence in genetically modified mice suggest that macroH2A1 integrates nutritional cues from the extracellular environment to transcriptional programs. Here, we review current molecular evidence based on next generation sequencing data, cell assays and in vivo models supporting different mechanisms that could mediate the function of macroH2A1 in health span and life span. We will further discuss context-dependent and isoform-specific functions. The aim of this review is to provide guidance to assess histone variant macroH2A1 potential as a therapeutic intervention point.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Lo Re
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St'Anne University Hospital, Brno 656 91, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno 656 91, Czech Republic.
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St'Anne University Hospital, Brno 656 91, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno 656 91, Czech Republic.
- Division of Medicine, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Seo S, Jeon HY, Kim H. Comparison of Cellular Transforming Activity of OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2 in Immortalized Astrocytes. DNA Cell Biol 2017; 36:1000-1009. [PMID: 28933914 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2017.3889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cell factors-OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2-contribute to the maintenance of stem cell properties and malignant progression in various cancers, including glioblastoma. Although functional roles of each of these genes are well documented in stem cell and cancer biology, no study has directly compared their cellular transforming activity under same experimental conditions. In this study, we compared the cellular transforming activity of OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2 using human immortalized astrocytes cultured under serum-free stem cell culture conditions. We found that SOX2 exhibited the strongest transforming activities, such as cell proliferation, neurosphere formation, resistance to cytotoxic drug, and cell migration/invasion, which may be associated with the activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) signaling pathway. Thus, OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2, known to be frequently activated in various cancers and cancer stem cells, may play a distinct role in the regulation of cellular transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunyoung Seo
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Young Jeon
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2 Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunggee Kim
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2 Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ho SHS, Ali A, Ng YC, Lam KKM, Wang S, Chan WK, Chin TM, Go ML. Dioxonaphthoimidazoliums are Potent and Selective Rogue Stem Cell Clearing Agents with SOX2-Suppressing Properties. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:1944-55. [PMID: 27444266 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells are uniquely positioned for regenerative medicine, but their clinical potential can only be realized if their tumorigenic tendencies are decoupled from their pluripotent properties. Deploying small molecules to remove remnant undifferentiated pluripotent cells, which would otherwise transform into teratomas and teratomacarcinomas, offers several advantages over non-pharmacological methods. Dioxonapthoimidazolium YM155, a survivin suppressant, induced selective and potent cell death of undifferentiated stem cells. Herein, the structural requirements for stemotoxicity were investigated and found to be closely aligned with those essential for cytotoxicity in malignant cells. There was a critical reliance on the quinone and imidazolium moieties but a lesser dependence on ring substituents, which served mainly to fine-tune activity. Several potent analogues were identified which, like YM155, suppressed survivin and decreased SOX2 in stem cells. The decrease in SOX2 would cause an imbalance in pluripotent factors that could potentially prompt cells to differentiate and hence decrease the risk of aberrant teratoma formation. As phosphorylation of the NF-κB p50 subunit was also suppressed, the crosstalk between phospho-p50, SOX2, and survivin could implicate a causal role for NF-κB signaling in mediating the stem cell clearing properties of dioxonaphthoimidazoliums.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Han Sherman Ho
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Azhar Ali
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Yi-Cheng Ng
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Kuen-Kuen Millie Lam
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.,Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138669, Singapore
| | - Woon-Khiong Chan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Tan-Min Chin
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Mei-Lin Go
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hossini AM, Quast AS, Plötz M, Grauel K, Exner T, Küchler J, Stachelscheid H, Eberle J, Rabien A, Makrantonaki E, Zouboulis CC. PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway Is Essential for Survival of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154770. [PMID: 27138223 PMCID: PMC4854383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a highly conserved biochemical mechanism which is tightly controlled in cells. It contributes to maintenance of tissue homeostasis and normally eliminates highly proliferative cells with malignant properties. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have recently been described with significant functional and morphological similarities to embryonic stem cells. Human iPSCs are of great hope for regenerative medicine due to their broad potential to differentiate into specialized cell types in culture. They may be useful for exploring disease mechanisms and may provide the basis for future cell-based replacement therapies. However, there is only poor insight into iPSCs cell signaling as the regulation of apoptosis. In this study, we focused our attention on the apoptotic response of Alzheimer fibroblast-derived iPSCs and two other Alzheimer free iPSCs to five biologically relevant kinase inhibitors as well as to the death ligand TRAIL. To our knowledge, we are the first to report that the relatively high basal apoptotic rate of iPSCs is strongly suppressed by the pancaspase inhibitor QVD-Oph, thus underlining the dependency on proapoptotic caspase cascades. Furthermore, wortmannin, an inhibitor of phosphoinositid-3 kinase / Akt signaling (PI3K-AKT), dramatically and rapidly induced apoptosis in iPSCs. In contrast, parental fibroblasts as well as iPSC-derived neuronal cells were not responsive. The resulting condensation and fragmentation of DNA and decrease of the membrane potential are typical features of apoptosis. Comparable effects were observed with an AKT inhibitor (MK-2206). Wortmannin resulted in disappearance of phosphorylated AKT and activation of the main effector caspase-3 in iPSCs. These results clearly demonstrate for the first time that PI3K-AKT represents a highly essential survival signaling pathway in iPSCs. The findings provide improved understanding on the underlying mechanisms of apoptosis regulation in iPSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir M Hossini
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Dessau, Germany
| | - Annika S Quast
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Skin Cancer Center Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Plötz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Skin Cancer Center Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Grauel
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tarik Exner
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Dessau, Germany
| | - Judit Küchler
- Berlin Institute of Health-Stem Cell Core Facility, Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald Stachelscheid
- Berlin Institute of Health-Stem Cell Core Facility, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Eberle
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Skin Cancer Center Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Rabien
- Department of Urology and Berlin Institute of Urologic Research, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Evgenia Makrantonaki
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Dessau, Germany.,Research Geriatrics Group, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christos C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Dessau, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Heise RL, Link PA, Farkas L. From Here to There, Progenitor Cells and Stem Cells Are Everywhere in Lung Vascular Remodeling. Front Pediatr 2016; 4:80. [PMID: 27583245 PMCID: PMC4988064 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2016.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of stem cell biology, cell therapy, and regenerative medicine has expanded almost exponentially, in the last decade. Clinical trials are evaluating the potential therapeutic use of stem cells in many adult and pediatric lung diseases with vascular component, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), or pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Extensive research activity is exploring the lung resident and circulating progenitor cells and their contribution to vascular complications of chronic lung diseases, and researchers hope to use resident or circulating stem/progenitor cells to treat chronic lung diseases and their vascular complications. It is becoming more and more clear that progress in mechanobiology will help to understand the various influences of physical forces and extracellular matrix composition on the phenotype and features of the progenitor cells and stem cells. The current review provides an overview of current concepts in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Heise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA
| | - Patrick A Link
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA
| | - Laszlo Farkas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
SUN YI, GUAN ZHENFENG, LIANG LIANG, CHENG YONGYI, ZHOU JIANCHENG, LI JING, XU YONGGANG. NF-κB signaling plays irreplaceable roles in cisplatin-induced bladder cancer chemoresistance and tumor progression. Int J Oncol 2015; 48:225-34. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
26
|
Vlahopoulos SA, Cen O, Hengen N, Agan J, Moschovi M, Critselis E, Adamaki M, Bacopoulou F, Copland JA, Boldogh I, Karin M, Chrousos GP. Dynamic aberrant NF-κB spurs tumorigenesis: a new model encompassing the microenvironment. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2015; 26:389-403. [PMID: 26119834 PMCID: PMC4526340 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recently it was discovered that a transient activation of transcription factor NF-κB can give cells properties essential for invasiveness and cancer initiating potential. In contrast, most oncogenes to date were characterized on the basis of mutations or by their constitutive overexpression. Study of NF-κB actually leads to a far more dynamic perspective on cancer: tumors caused by diverse oncogenes apparently evolve into cancer after loss of feedback regulation for NF-κB. This event alters the cellular phenotype and the expression of hormonal mediators, modifying signals between diverse cell types in a tissue. The result is a disruption of stem cell hierarchy in the tissue, and pervasive changes in the microenvironment and immune response to the malignant cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Spiros A Vlahopoulos
- First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Horemeio Research Laboratory, Athens, Greece.
| | - Osman Cen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, United States
| | - Nina Hengen
- Bernard J. Dunn School of Pharmacy, Shenandoah University, United States
| | - James Agan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, United States
| | - Maria Moschovi
- First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Horemeio Research Laboratory, Athens, Greece
| | - Elena Critselis
- First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Horemeio Research Laboratory, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Adamaki
- First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Horemeio Research Laboratory, Athens, Greece
| | - Flora Bacopoulou
- First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Horemeio Research Laboratory, Athens, Greece
| | - John A Copland
- Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Biology, United States
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, United States
| | - Michael Karin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - George P Chrousos
- First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Horemeio Research Laboratory, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Ageing constitutes a critical impediment to somatic cell reprogramming. We have explored the regulatory mechanisms that constitute age-associated barriers, through derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from individuals with premature or physiological ageing. We demonstrate that NF-κB activation blocks the generation of iPSCs in ageing. We also show that NF-κB repression occurs during cell reprogramming towards a pluripotent state. Conversely, ageing-associated NF-κB hyperactivation impairs the generation of iPSCs by eliciting the reprogramming repressor DOT1L, which reinforces senescence signals and downregulates pluripotency genes. Genetic and pharmacological NF-κB inhibitory strategies significantly increase the reprogramming efficiency of fibroblasts from Néstor-Guillermo progeria syndrome and Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome patients, as well as from normal aged donors. Finally, we demonstrate that DOT1L inhibition in vivo extends lifespan and ameliorates the accelerated ageing phenotype of progeroid mice, supporting the interest of studying age-associated molecular impairments to identify targets of rejuvenation strategies.
Collapse
|
28
|
Chuang CY, Huang MC, Chen HF, Tseng LH, Yu CY, Stone L, Huang HP, Ho HN, Kuo HC. Granulosa cell-derived induced pluripotent stem cells exhibit pro-trophoblastic differentiation potential. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:14. [PMID: 25889179 PMCID: PMC4430911 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have been derived from various somatic cell types. Granulosa cells, a group of cells which surround oocytes and are obtained from the (normally discarded) retrieved egg follicles of women undergoing infertility treatment, are a possible cell source for induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) generation. Here, we explored the possibility of using human granulosa cells as a donor cell type for iPSC reprogramming, and compared granulosa cell-derived iPSCs (iGRAs) with those derived from other cell sources, to determine the potential ability of iGRA differentiation. Methods Granulosa cells were collected from egg follicles retrieved from women undergoing infertility treatment. After short-term culture, the granulosa cells derived from different patients were mixed in culture, and infected with retroviruses encoding reprogramming factors. The resulting iPSC clones were selected and subjected to microsatellite DNA analysis to determine their parental origin. IGRAs were subjected to RT-PCR, immunofluorescence staining, and in vitro and in vivo differentiation assays to further establish their pluripotent characteristics. Results Microsatellite DNA analysis was used to demonstrate that hiPSCs with different parental origins can be simultaneously reprogrammed by retroviral transfection of a mixed human granulosa cell population obtained from multiple individuals. The iGRAs resemble human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in many respects, including morphological traits, growth requirements, gene and marker expression profiles, and in vitro and in vivo developmental propensities. We also demonstrate that the iGRAs express low levels of NLRP2, and differentiating iGRAs possess a biased differentiation potential toward the trophoblastic lineage. Although NLRP2 knockdown in hESCs promotes trophoblastic differentiation of differentiating hESCs, it does not result in exit from pluripotency. These results imply that NLRP2 may play a role in regulating the trophoblastic differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. Conclusions These findings provide a means of generating iPSCs from multiple granulosa cell populations with different parental origins. The ability to generate iPSCs from granulosa cells not only enables modeling of infertility-associated disease, but also provides a means of identifying potential clinical interventions through iPSC-based drug screening. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0005-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yu Chuang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan. .,Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Chi Huang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Fu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Genomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 115, Taiwan. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, National Taiwan University and Hospital, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Hui Tseng
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Ying Yu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
| | - Lee Stone
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiang-Po Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Genomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
| | - Hong-Nerng Ho
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Genomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 115, Taiwan. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, National Taiwan University and Hospital, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Chih Kuo
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan. .,Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|