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Zheng G, Zhou B, Fang Z, Jing C, Zhu S, Liu M, Chen X, Zuo L, Chen H, Hao G. Living alone and the risk of depressive symptoms: a cross-sectional and cohort analysis based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:853. [PMID: 37978367 PMCID: PMC10655346 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05370-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There were a few studies that examined the longitudinal association between living alone and depressive symptoms, and the vast majority of them were conducted in patients with certain diseases, such as heart failure, cancer, and glaucoma. This study aimed to examine the association between living alone and depressive symptoms in a large representative older Chinese population. METHODS The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) data from 2015 to 2018 were used. Living alone was defined as participants who did not live with others ever or more than 11 months in the past year at baseline. Depressive symptoms were measured using the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D10). The multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the relationship between living alone and depressive symptoms. RESULTS There were 5,311 and 2,696 participants ≥ 60 years old included in the cross-sectional and cohort analysis, respectively. The risk of depressive symptoms in participants who lived alone was significantly higher than those who lived with others in both cross-sectional (OR:1.33; 95%CI:1.14,1.54) and cohort analysis (OR:1.23; 95%CI:0.97,1.55). There was a significant interaction between financial support and living alone (Pinteraction = 0.008) on the risk of depressive symptoms. Stratified analyses showed that, compared to those who lived with others, the risk of depressive symptoms in participants who lived alone increased by 83% (OR:1.83; 95%CI:1.26,2.65) in participants receiving lower financial support. However, we did not find statistically significant associations in participants with medium (OR:1.10; 95%CI: 0.74,1.63) and higher financial support (OR: 0.87; 95%CI: 0.53,1.41). CONCLUSION Living alone was associated with a higher risk of depressive symptoms in the Chinese older population, and this association was moderated by the receipt of financial support. Living alone may be an effective and easy predictor for early identification of high-risk populations of depression in the older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjun Zheng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biying Zhou
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenger Fang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunxia Jing
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sui Zhu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingliang Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zuo
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Department of Parasitic Disease and Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang Hao
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Public Health Detection and Assessment, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 283 Jianghai Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
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Zhang J, Wang Y, Hua T, Wei X, Jiang X, Ji M, Ma Z, Huang Y, Wang H, Du L, Zhu M, Xu L, Wu W, Ma H. Association of psychological distress, smoking and genetic risk with the incidence of lung cancer: a large prospective population-based cohort study. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1133668. [PMID: 37519799 PMCID: PMC10374306 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1133668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence suggests a potential link between psychological distress (anxiety and depression) and lung cancer risk, however, it is unclear whether other factors such as tobacco smoking and genetic susceptibility modify the association. Methods We included 405,892 UK Biobank participants free of cancer at baseline. Psychological distress was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4). A polygenic risk score (PRS) was calculated using 18 lung cancer-associated genetic loci. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results During a median follow-up of 7.13 years, 1754 lung cancer cases were documented. The higher score of psychological distress was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer (HRper 1-SD= 1.07, 95% CI: 1.02-1.11) after adjustment for smoking and other confounders. Mediation analysis revealed that 16.8% (95% CI: 13.0%-20.6%) of the distress-lung cancer association was mediated by smoking. Compared with never smokers with no distress, participants with heavy smoking and high distress had the highest risk of lung cancer (HR=18.57, 95% CI: 14.51-23.76). Both multiplicative and additive interactions were observed between smoking and psychological distress in lung cancer. Furthermore, the greatest relative increase in risk was observed among those with high genetic risk and high distress (HR=1.87, 95%CI: 1.50-2.33), and there was a significant additive interaction between the PRS and psychological distress. Conclusion Our results indicate that psychological distress was associated with an elevated risk of incident lung cancer, and such relation was modified by tobacco smoking and genetic susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Hua
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangxiang Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengmeng Ji
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhimin Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanqian Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingbin Du
- Department of Cancer Prevention, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weibing Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Research Units of Cohort Study on Cardiovascular Diseases and Cancers, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Smith L, Pizzol D, López-Sánchez GF, Oh H, Jacob L, Yang L, Veronese N, Soysal P, McDermott D, Barnett Y, Butler L, Koyanagi A. Body mass index categories and anxiety symptoms among adults aged ≥ 50 years from low and middle income countries. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2023; 135:142-150. [PMID: 34661741 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-021-01954-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body weight may be a risk factor for anxiety; however, there is a scarcity of studies on this association in older adults especially from low and middle income countries (LMICs). Therefore, we investigated the association between body mass index (BMI) and anxiety symptoms among adults aged ≥ 50 years from 6 LMICs. METHODS Cross-sectional, community-based, nationally representative data from the World Health Organization (WHO) Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) were analyzed. The BMI was based on measured weight and height and was categorized as: < 18.5 kg/m2 (underweight), 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 (normal weight), 25.0-29.9 kg/m2 (overweight), 30.0-34.9 kg/m2 (obesity class I), 35.0-39.9 kg/m2 (obesity class II), and ≥ 40 kg/m2 (obesity class III). Anxiety symptoms referred to severe/extreme problems with worry or anxiety in the past 30 days. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted. RESULTS Data on 34,129 individuals aged ≥ 50 years (mean age 62.4 years, SD 16.0 years; 52.1% female) were analyzed. Overall, compared to normal weight, only underweight was significantly associated with anxiety symptoms (odds ratio, OR = 1.56; 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.26-1.95). Obesity class III (vs. normal weight) was associated with significantly increased odds for anxiety symptoms (OR = 4.15; 95%CI = 1.49-11.59) only among males. CONCLUSION In this large representative sample of older adults from LMICs, underweight was associated with anxiety symptoms in males and females. Class III obesity was associated with anxiety symptoms only in males. Future studies to shed light on the reason why severe obesity was associated with anxiety symptoms only among males in LMICs are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Smith
- The Cambridge Center for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, CB1 1PT, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Damiano Pizzol
- Italian Agency for Development Cooperation-Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Guillermo F López-Sánchez
- Vision and Eye Research Institute, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hans Oh
- Suzanne Dworak Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, 1149 South Hill Street Suite 1422, 90015, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Louis Jacob
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830, Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 78180, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Pinar Soysal
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Daragh McDermott
- School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare St, NG1 4FQ, Nottingham, UK
| | - Yvonne Barnett
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, CB1 1PT, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laurie Butler
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, CB1 1PT, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear which psychological factors (stressors, emotional correlates, and psychophysiological markers) induce cancer risk. This currently limits the potential for prevention strategies. PURPOSE The aim of this review is to bring forth evidence of stress as a determinant of cancer risk from a public health perspective, written for a broad public of practitioners and scientists. METHODS Based on a semisystematic literature search, the impact of different aspects/types of stress and the potential physiological and behavioral pathways are summarized, while highlighting further research, public health and clinical implications. RESULTS Between 2007 and 2020, 65 case-control or cohort studies have been identified. Apart from overall cancer ( N = 24), 12 cancer types have been associated with psychological stress with most for breast ( N = 21), colorectal ( N = 11) and lung/prostate/pancreas cancer ( N = 8 each). Although the evidence regarding the mechanisms is still scarce, cancer development in relation to stress might be due to interacting and combined effects of different stress(or) types, but such interaction has not really been tested yet. The path from stress towards cancer incidence consists of a biological pathway with endocrinology and immunology as well as stress-induced behavioral pathways, including smoking, alcoholism, sleep disruption, an unhealthy diet, and low physical activity together with the related phenomenon of obesity. CONCLUSION Not only the stress but also the stress-induced lifestyle should be targeted for cancer prevention and treatment. Future research should include a more diverse spectrum of cancer types (not only hormonal related like breast cancer) and of stress measures while also considering behavioral covariates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananyaa Mohan
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Nutrition and Metabolism Section, Lyon, France and Departments of
| | - Nathalie Michels
- Public Health and Primary Care
- Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Voronin MV, Vakhitova YV, Tsypysheva IP, Tsypyshev DO, Rybina IV, Kurbanov RD, Abramova EV, Seredenin SB. Involvement of Chaperone Sigma1R in the Anxiolytic Effect of Fabomotizole. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5455. [PMID: 34064275 PMCID: PMC8196847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptor (chaperone Sigma1R) is an intracellular protein with chaperone functions, which is expressed in various organs, including the brain. Sigma1R participates in the regulation of physiological mechanisms of anxiety (Su, T. P. et al., 2016) and reactions to emotional stress (Hayashi, T., 2015). In 2006, fabomotizole (ethoxy-2-[2-(morpholino)-ethylthio]benzimidazole dihydrochloride) was registered in Russia as an anxiolytic (Seredenin S. and Voronin M., 2009). The molecular targets of fabomotizole are Sigma1R, NRH: quinone reductase 2 (NQO2), and monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) (Seredenin S. and Voronin M., 2009). The current study aimed to clarify the dependence of fabomotizole anxiolytic action on its interaction with Sigma1R and perform a docking analysis of fabomotizole interaction with Sigma1R. An elevated plus maze (EPM) test revealed that the anxiolytic-like effect of fabomotizole (2.5 mg/kg i.p.) administered to male BALB/c mice 30 min prior EPM exposition was blocked by Sigma1R antagonists BD-1047 (1.0 mg/kg i.p.) and NE-100 (1.0 mg/kg i.p.) pretreatment. Results of initial in silico study showed that fabomotizole locates in the active center of Sigma1R, reproducing the interactions with the site's amino acids common for established Sigma1R ligands, with the ΔGbind value closer to that of agonist (+)-pentazocine in the 6DK1 binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V. Voronin
- Department of Pharmacogenetics, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology”, Baltiyskaya Street 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (I.P.T.); (D.O.T.); (I.V.R.); (R.D.K.); (E.V.A.)
| | - Yulia V. Vakhitova
- Department of Pharmacogenetics, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology”, Baltiyskaya Street 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (I.P.T.); (D.O.T.); (I.V.R.); (R.D.K.); (E.V.A.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sergei B. Seredenin
- Department of Pharmacogenetics, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology”, Baltiyskaya Street 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (I.P.T.); (D.O.T.); (I.V.R.); (R.D.K.); (E.V.A.)
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Pardhan S, Smith L, Bourne R, Davis A, Leveziel N, Jacob L, Koyanagi A, López-Sánchez GF. Combined Vision and Hearing Difficulties Results in Higher Levels of Depression and Chronic Anxiety: Data From a Large Sample of Spanish Adults. Front Psychol 2021; 11:627980. [PMID: 33536989 PMCID: PMC7848112 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.627980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Individually, vision and hearing impairments have been linked to higher levels of anxiety and depression. We investigated the effect of dual sensory impairment (difficulty seeing and hearing) in a large representative sample of Spanish adults. METHODS Data from a total of 23,089 adults (age range: 15-103 years, 45.9% men) from the Spanish National Health Survey 2017 were analyzed. Self-reported difficulty of seeing and hearing (exposures), and depression and chronic anxiety (outcomes) were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression was assessed for difficulty with vision alone, hearing alone and with difficulty with both, adjusting for gender, age, marital status, living as a couple, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI, physical activity, use of glasses/contact lenses, and hearing aid. RESULTS Visual difficulty, hearing difficulty, and dual difficulties were all associated with significantly higher odds for depression (ORs 2.367, 2.098, and 3.852, respectively) and for chronic anxiety (ORs 1.983, 1.942, and 3.385, respectively). Dual sensory difficulty was associated with higher odds ratios for depression and anxiety when compared to either impairment alone. CONCLUSION Dual sensory difficulty is associated with significantly higher odds of anxiety and depression when compared to either vision or hearing difficulty alone. Appropriate interventions are needed to address any reversible causes of vision and hearing as well as anxiety and depression in people in these specific groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahina Pardhan
- Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, School of Medicine, Vision and Eye Research Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lee Smith
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rupert Bourne
- Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, School of Medicine, Vision and Eye Research Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Davis
- Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, School of Medicine, Vision and Eye Research Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- ENT and Audiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Leveziel
- Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, School of Medicine, Vision and Eye Research Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Louis Jacob
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillermo F. López-Sánchez
- Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, School of Medicine, Vision and Eye Research Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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The Association of New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation and Risk of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cardiol Res Pract 2020; 2020:2372067. [PMID: 33062319 PMCID: PMC7537679 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2372067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are distinct results for the relationship between new-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) and subsequent incident cancer. To date, no systematic analysis has been conducted on this issue. This study aims to explore the relationship between NOAF and the risk of developing cancer through a meta-analysis with a large sample size. Methods Electronic databases, such as PubMed and EMBASE, were searched for published relevant studies on NOAF patients diagnosed with cancer after and during follow-ups, including reported records of baseline information and the statistical result of morbidity. Two investigators independently reviewed the articles and extracted the data using uniform standards and definitions. The meta-analysis was conducted using the Cochrane Program Review Manager. Results This meta-analysis consisted of five cohort studies and one case-control study, which comprised 533,514 participants. The pooled relative risk (RR) for incident cancer was 1.24 (95% CI: 1.10–1.39, P=0.0003). The temporal trend analysis demonstrated that an increased risk of cancer was observed during the initial 90 days (RR: 3.44, 95% CI: 2.29–5.57, P < 0.00001), but not after that. Lung cancer (RR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.47–1.55, P < 0.00001) was associated with NOAF, but not colorectal cancer and breast cancer. Conclusion This meta-analysis provides evidence that NOAF is associated with increased risk of cancer. The risk of incident cancer particularly increases within 90 days after NOAF diagnosis, but not after that.
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Conversano C, Di Giuseppe M, Miccoli M, Ciacchini R, Di Silvestre A, Lo Sterzo R, Gemignani A, Orrù G. Retrospective Analyses of Psychological Distress and Defense Style Among Cancer Patients. CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2020; 17:217-224. [PMID: 34908997 PMCID: PMC8629055 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20200403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psychological distress is common in cancer patients during the diagnostic phase. Research demonstrated that anxiety, depression and defense mechanisms may influence physical and psychological well-being in patients with malignant tumors. The present retrospective study investigated the associations between clinical and psychological characteristics of cancer patients waiting for the diagnosis, focusing on metastatic cancer (MC) and breast cancer (BC). METHOD Patients with a new diagnosis of cancer referring to a Clinical Oncology Unit in Central Italy were interviewed during the 2017 for psychological assessment. Double-blind information about anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, defense style, and cancer diagnosis were available for the 567 patients included in this study. T-test, chi-squared and regression analyses were performed to detect associations between psychological variables and the presence of metastasis (MC) in the whole sample and in the subgroup of breast cancer (BC) patients. RESULTS Female gender and younger age were associated with anxiety, depression, and maladaptive defense style. A significant positive relationship was found between presence of metastasis and symptoms of anxiety. Depression resulted significantly more frequent in BC, while there was a trend close to statistical significance in MC. Immature defense style was widely used by BC women, with a score close to statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS This retrospective study provided empirical evidence of the relationship between psychological functioning and clinical characteristics of cancer. In line with previous research, our findings confirmed the peculiar psychological functioning of BC patients. Further investigations are needed to understand how the diagnosis of cancer may influence the individual psychological functioning and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Conversano
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical and Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Di Giuseppe
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical and Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Miccoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Rebecca Ciacchini
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical and Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Angelo Gemignani
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical and Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Graziella Orrù
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical and Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
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Depression and anxiety in relation to cancer incidence and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:1487-1499. [PMID: 31745237 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0595-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The link between depression and anxiety status and cancer outcomes has been well-documented but remains unclear. We comprehensively quantified the association between depression and anxiety defined by symptom scales or clinical diagnosis and the risk of cancer incidence, cancer-specific mortality, and all-cause mortality in cancer patients. Pooled estimates of the relative risks (RRs) for cancer incidence and mortality were performed in a meta-analysis by random effects or fixed effects models as appropriate. Associations were tested in subgroups stratified by different study and participant characteristics. Fifty-one eligible cohort studies involving 2,611,907 participants with a mean follow-up period of 10.3 years were identified. Overall, depression and anxiety were associated with a significantly increased risk of cancer incidence (adjusted RR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.06-1.19), cancer-specific mortality (1.21, 1.16-1.26), and all-cause mortality in cancer patients (1.24, 1.13-1.35). The estimated absolute risk increases (ARIs) associated with depression and anxiety were 34.3 events/100,000 person years (15.8-50.2) for cancer incidence and 28.2 events/100,000 person years (21.5-34.9) for cancer-specific mortality. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that clinically diagnosed depression and anxiety were related to higher cancer incidence, poorer cancer survival, and higher cancer-specific mortality. Psychological distress (symptoms of depression and anxiety) was related to higher cancer-specific mortality and poorer cancer survival but not to increased cancer incidence. Site-specific analyses indicated that overall, depression and anxiety were associated with an increased incidence risks for cancers of the lung, oral cavity, prostate and skin, a higher cancer-specific mortality risk for cancers of the lung, bladder, breast, colorectum, hematopoietic system, kidney and prostate, and an increased all-cause mortality risk in lung cancer patients. These analyses suggest that depression and anxiety may have an etiologic role and prognostic impact on cancer, although there is potential reverse causality; Furthermore, there was substantial heterogeneity among the included studies, and the results should be interpreted with caution. Early detection and effective intervention of depression and anxiety in cancer patients and the general population have public health and clinical importance.
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10
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Fuller-Thomson E, West KJ. Flourishing despite a cancer diagnosis: factors associated with complete mental health in a nationally-representative sample of cancer patients aged 50 years and older. Aging Ment Health 2019; 23:1263-1274. [PMID: 30130417 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2018.1481926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: This study investigated the association between cancer and complete mental health (CMH). CMH includes optimal functioning as well as the absence of psychopathology. Methods: Secondary data analyses of the nationally representative 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health. This study used bivariate and logistic regression analyses to estimate the odds ratios of CMH among community dwellers aged 50 and older with current cancer (n = 438), previous cancer (n = 1,174) and no cancer history (n = 9,279). CMH had three elements: (1) absence of mental illness, addictions and suicidal thoughts in the past year; (2) almost daily happiness or life satisfaction in the past month; (3) psychosocial well-being. Control variables included socio-demographics, health behaviours, current physical health and lifetime history of mental illness and childhood maltreatment. Results: Adults aged 50 and over with current cancer had a much lower prevalence of CMH (66.1%) than those with previous cancer (77.5%) and those with no cancer history (76.8%). After adjusting for 17 variables, the odds of CMH among those with current cancer remained substantially lower (OR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.49-0.79) than those without cancer. Among those who had ever had cancer, the odds of CMH were higher for female, white, married, and older respondents, as well as those with higher socioeconomic status, and no history of childhood physical abuse, substance abuse, depression or anxiety disorder. Conclusions: Those with former cancer have comparable odds of CMH to those with no cancer history, suggesting a high level of resilience among cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esme Fuller-Thomson
- a Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada.,b Institute for Life Course & Aging, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada.,c Department of Family & Community Medicine , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - Keri J West
- a Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
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Rosella LC, Fu L, Buajitti E, Goel V. Death and Chronic Disease Risk Associated With Poor Life Satisfaction: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol 2019; 188:323-331. [PMID: 30371732 PMCID: PMC6357802 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwy245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Life satisfaction is increasingly recognized as an important determinant of health; however, prospective population-based studies on this topic are limited. We estimated the risk of chronic disease and death according to life satisfaction among a population-based cohort in Ontario, Canada (n = 73,904). The cohort included 3 pooled cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey (2003–2008) linked to 6 years of follow-up (to 2015), using population-based health databases and validated disease-specific registries. The databases capture incident and prevalent cases of diabetes, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart disease, and death. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazards of incident chronic disease and death, and were adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical confounders, including age, sex, comorbidity, mood disorder, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, body mass index, immigrant status, education, and income. In the fully adjusted models, risk of both death and incident chronic disease was highest for those most dissatisfied with life (for mortality, hazard ratio = 1.59, 95% confidence interval: 1.15, 2.19; for chronic disease, hazard ratio = 1.70, 95% confidence interval: 1.16, 2.51). In this population-based cohort, poor life satisfaction was an independent risk factor for incident chronic disease and death, supporting the idea that interventions and programs that improve life satisfaction will affect population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Rosella
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Longdi Fu
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emmalin Buajitti
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vivek Goel
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Remes O, Wainwright N, Surtees P, Lafortune L, Khaw KT, Brayne C. Generalised anxiety disorder and hospital admissions: findings from a large, population cohort study. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e018539. [PMID: 30368445 PMCID: PMC6224748 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) is the most common anxiety disorder in the general population and has been associated with high economic and human burden. However, it has been neglected in the health services literature. The objective of this study is to assess whether GAD leads to hospital admissions using data from the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer-Norfolk. Other aims include determining whether early-onset or late-onset forms of the disorder, episode chronicity and frequency, and comorbidity with major depressive disorder (MDD) contribute to hospital admissions. DESIGN Large, population study. SETTING UK population-based cohort. PARTICIPANTS 30 445 British participants were recruited through general practice registers in England. Of these, 20 919 completed a structured psychosocial questionnaire used to identify presence of GAD. Anxiety was assessed in 1996-2000, and health service use was captured between 1999/2000 and 2009 through record linkage with large, administrative health databases. 17 939 participants had complete data on covariates. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Past-year GAD defined according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition. RESULTS In this study, there were 2.2% (393/17 939) of respondents with GAD. Anxiety was not independently associated with hospital admissions (incidence rate ratio (IRR)=1.04, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.20) over 9 years. However, those whose anxiety was comorbid with depression showed a statistically significantly increased risk for hospital admissions (IRR=1.23, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.49). CONCLUSION People with GAD and MDD comorbidity were at an increased risk for hospital admissions. Clinicians should consider that meeting criteria for a pure or individual disorder at one point in time, such as past-year GAD, does not necessarily predict deleterious health outcomes; rather different forms of the disorder, such as comorbid cases, might be of greater importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Remes
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas Wainwright
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul Surtees
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Louise Lafortune
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carol Brayne
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Remes O, Wainwright N, Surtees P, Lafortune L, Khaw KT, Brayne C. Sex differences in the association between area deprivation and generalised anxiety disorder: British population study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e013590. [PMID: 28473351 PMCID: PMC5777465 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies have shown that area-level deprivation measured by factors, such as non-home ownership, non-car ownership and household overcrowding, can increase the risk for mental disorders over and above individual-level circumstances, such as education and social class. Whether area-level deprivation is associated with generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) independent of personal circumstances, and whether this association is different between British women and men is unknown. DESIGN Large, population study. SETTING UK population-based cohort. PARTICIPANTS 30 445 people from the general population aged 40 years and older and living in England consented to participate at study baseline, and of these, 21 921 participants completed a structured health and lifestyle questionnaire used to capture GAD. Area deprivation was measured in 1991 using Census data, and GAD was assessed in 1996-2000. 10 275 women and 8219 men had complete data on all covariates. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Past-year GAD defined according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV). RESULTS In this study, 2.5% (261/10 275) of women and 1.8% (145/8219) of men had GAD. Women living in the most deprived areas were over 60% more likely to develop anxiety than those living in areas that were not deprived (OR=1.63, 95% CI 1.21 to 2.21; p=0.001), but this association between deprivation and GAD was not apparent in men (OR=1.13, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.77; p=0.598). CONCLUSIONS The absolute numbers of people living in deprived conditions are large worldwide. This, combined with a growing mental health burden, means that the findings obtained in this study remain highly relevant. The WHO has emphasised the need to reduce social and health inequalities. Our findings provide a strong evidence base to this call, showing that the environment needs to be taken into account when developing mental health policy; gender is important when it comes to assessing the influence of the environment on our mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Remes
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nick Wainwright
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul Surtees
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Louise Lafortune
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carol Brayne
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Increased risk for urological cancer associated with anxiety disorder: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Urol 2016; 16:67. [PMID: 27852299 PMCID: PMC5112679 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-016-0187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety disorders (ADs) are common with a high rate of medical comorbidities. Although the association between ADs and the overall cancer risk remains controversial, patients with ADs were found to be more likely to develop specific cancer types. Herein, we estimated the risk of developing urological cancers among patients with ADs in a 5-year follow-up period using a population-based database. METHODS Two study cohorts were identified from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2005: patients with ADs, and comparison subjects selected by one-to-one matching for sex, age, and the year of recruitment. Follow-up was undertaken to determine whether sampled patients and comparison subjects had developed urological cancers in the subsequent 5 years. RESULTS We found that urological cancers occurred among 0.54% of patients with ADs and 0.13% of comparison subjects. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, medical comorbidities, and alcohol and tobacco use disorder, the stratified Cox proportional hazard regression suggested that patients with ADs were more likely to develop urological cancers relative to comparison subjects (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.67; 95% confidence interval, 2.85 ~ 4.72). The adjusted HR for males with ADs was 3.82 (95% CI: 2.79 ~ 5.23) in comparison to males without ADs. In addition, the adjusted HR for females with ADs was 3.47 (95% CI: 2.26 ~ 5.31) than those females without ADs. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that during the 5-year follow-up period, there was a significantly increased risk of urological cancers among patients with ADs.
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Shen CC, Hu LY, Hu YW, Chang WH, Tang PL, Chen PM, Chen TJ, Su TP. The Risk of Cancer in Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Nationwide Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2989. [PMID: 26945419 PMCID: PMC4782903 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest a link between anxiety disorders and cancer. The aim of the study was to evaluate the risk of cancer among patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) using a nationwide population-based dataset. We recruited newly diagnosed OCD patients without antecedent cancer from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database between 2002 and 2011. The standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were estimated for 22 specific cancer types among OCD patients and we determined the SIRs for subgroups according to age and sex group. In addition, because of a potential detection bias, a subgroup analysis stratified with the duration of the OCD diagnosis was carried out. Among the 52,656 OCD patients, who were followed up for 259,945 person-years (median follow-up = 4.9 years), there were 718 cases of cancer. Patients with OCD did not exhibit an increased overall cancer risk relative to the general population (SIR 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.98-1.13). An increased SIR was observed among OCD patients only within the first year of OCD diagnosis (SIR 1.21, 95% CI 1.01-1.43).This study indicated that the overall cancer risk was not elevated among OCD patients. An increased SIR observed among OCD patients within the first year of OCD diagnosis may be caused by a surveillance bias, and because paraneoplastic manifestations presented with obsessive-compulsive behaviors. Prospective study is necessary to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Che Shen
- From the Department of Psychiatry (L-YH), Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung; Department of Psychiatry (C-CS), Chiayi Branch, Taichung Veterans General Hospital; Department of Information Management (C-CS), National Chung-Cheng University, Chiayi; School of Medicine (C-CS, L-YH, Y-WH), National Yang-Ming University; Cancer Center (Y-WH), Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Institute of Public Health (Y-WH, TJC, TPS), National Yang-Ming University; Department of Psychiatry (W-HC, TPS), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei; Research Center of Medical Informatics (P-LT), Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung; Department of Psychiatry (P-MC), Yuanshan and Suao Branch, Taipei Veterans General Hospital; and Department of Family Medicine (T-JC), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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the risk of cancer among Taiwanese female registered nurses: a nationwide retrospective study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68420. [PMID: 23874621 PMCID: PMC3713041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the risk of cancer among Taiwanese female registered nurses (RNs) using a nationwide population-based dataset. Methods We recruited female RNs without antecedent cancer from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research database during 2000–2010. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of cancer were calculated. We also compared rates of Papanicolaou (Pap) smear use between the RNs and the general population matched by age and sex. Results A total of 2,077 cancers developed among 184,809 female RNs, with a follow-up of 1,371,910 person-years (median follow-up of 7.86 years), leading to an increased SIR of 1.10 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05–1.15]. RNs aged between 40–59 years also had a significantly increased SIR (1.14, 95% CI 1.08–1.21). For specific cancer types, RNs had an increased SIR for breast (1.28, 95% CI 1.19–1.37), thyroid (1.26, 95% CI 1.10–1.43), lung and mediastinum (1.36, 95% CI 1.13–1.62), and uterine cancers (1.23, 95% CI 1.01–1.49). A decreased SIR was found for cervix (0.48, 95% CI 0.37–0.61) and liver and biliary tract cancers (0.68, 95% CI 0.50–0.90). Pap smear use averaged 5.80 times per person among female RNs aged 35 years or older and 5.50 times per person in the age-matched control group (p = 0.009). Conclusion This study found that overall cancer risk was higher among female RNs than general population. For individual cancers, the risks of breast, lung, thyroid and uterine cancer were higher and the risks of cervix and liver cancer were lower than general population. The lower risk of cervical cancer might be partially explained by the increased use of Pap smears in the RNs group. Further large, unbiased population-based prospective studies are needed to investigate the association between nurses and cancer risk and identify the risk factors of cancer in nurses.
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