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Li H, Liu Q, Xue X, Lu X, Song J, He C, Hao Y, Nie J, Zhang Q, Zhao Y, Pan B, Wang L, Niu Q. miR-29a/b1 Regulates BACE1 in Aluminum-Induced Aβ Deposition in Vitro. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:3250-3265. [PMID: 34415727 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aluminum is an environmental neurotoxin that comes extensively in contact with human beings. Animal and human studies demonstrated that aluminum exposure increases the deposition of beta amyloid proteins in the brain as it was observed in Alzheimer's disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether miR-29a/b1 affected the expression of beta-secrete enzymes (BACE1) in the process of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) deposition caused by aluminum exposure. The study was performed using two different cell lines. Our results showed that after rat primary cortical neurons were exposed to aluminum, BACE1 gene and protein levels increased to different degrees, and the expression level of Aβ1-42 increased. In aluminum-exposed groups, the expression of miR-29a and miR-29b1 decreased, while the expression of amyloid protein Aβ1-42 and BACE1 increased. In miRs transfection groups, the expression of amyloid protein Aβ1-42 and BACE1 decreased. Aluminum may affect the expression of BACE1 by lowering miR-29a and miR-29b1. AEK293 cells were utilized in this research since they present elevated levels of miR-29a and miR-29b1. After HEK293 cells were exposed to aluminum alone, BACE1 mRNA and BACE1 protein expression levels increased with the increase of aluminum exposure dose (p < 0.05), and the level of Aβ1-42 also increased (p < 0.05). Compared with the group exposed to aluminum alone at the same doses, the expression levels of BACE1 mRNA and BACE1 protein in the miRs transfected plus aluminum-exposed groups significantly decreased (p < 0.05), and the level of Aβ1-42 also decreased (p < 0.05). This result is consistent with the investigation in rat primary neurons. The results of two types of cells showed that aluminum may cause abnormal down-regulation of the expressions of miR-29a and miR-29b1, thus negatively regulating the increase of BACE1 expression and finally leading to the increase of Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China
| | - Qun Liu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xingli Xue
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xiaoting Lu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Key Lab of Environmental Hazard and Health of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Key Lab of Cellular Physiology of Education Ministry, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Key Lab of Environmental Hazard and Health of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Key Lab of Cellular Physiology of Education Ministry, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Chanting He
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yanxia Hao
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Jisheng Nie
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Key Lab of Environmental Hazard and Health of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Key Lab of Cellular Physiology of Education Ministry, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Qinli Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Key Lab of Environmental Hazard and Health of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Key Lab of Cellular Physiology of Education Ministry, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Baolong Pan
- Sixth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (General hospital of Tisco), Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Linping Wang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Key Lab of Environmental Hazard and Health of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Key Lab of Cellular Physiology of Education Ministry, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Qiao Niu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
- Key Lab of Environmental Hazard and Health of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Key Lab of Cellular Physiology of Education Ministry, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
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Free d-aspartate triggers NMDA receptor-dependent cell death in primary cortical neurons and perturbs JNK activation, Tau phosphorylation, and protein SUMOylation in the cerebral cortex of mice lacking d-aspartate oxidase activity. Exp Neurol 2019; 317:51-65. [PMID: 30822420 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, free d-aspartate (D-Asp) is abundant in the embryonic brain, while levels remain very low during adulthood as a result of the postnatal expression and activity of the catabolizing enzyme d-aspartate oxidase (DDO). Previous studies have shown that long-lasting exposure to nonphysiological, higher D-Asp concentrations in Ddo knockout (Ddo-/-) mice elicits a precocious decay of synaptic plasticity and cognitive functions, along with a dramatic age-dependent expression of active caspase 3, associated with increased cell death in different brain regions, including hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and substantia nigra pars compacta. Here, we investigate the yet unclear molecular and cellular events associated with the exposure of abnormally high D-Asp concentrations in cortical primary neurons and in the brain of Ddo-/- mice. For the first time, our in vitro findings document that D-Asp induces in a time-, dose-, and NMDA receptor-dependent manner alterations in JNK and Tau phosphorylation levels, associated with pronounced cell death in primary cortical neurons. Moreover, observations obtained in Ddo-/- animals confirmed that high in vivo levels of D-Asp altered cortical JNK signaling, Tau phosphorylation and enhanced protein SUMOylation, indicating a robust indirect role of DDO activity in regulating these biochemical NMDA receptor-related processes. Finally, no gross modifications in D-Asp concentrations and DDO mRNA expression were detected in the cortex of patients with Alzheimer's disease when compared to age-matched healthy controls.
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Zhang X, Zhu C, Beecham G, Vardarajan BN, Ma Y, Lancour D, Farrell JJ, Chung J, Mayeux R, Haines JL, Schellenberg GD, Pericak-Vance MA, Lunetta KL, Farrer LA. A rare missense variant of CASP7 is associated with familial late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2019; 15:441-452. [PMID: 30503768 PMCID: PMC6408965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The genetic architecture of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is only partially understood. METHODS We conducted an association study for AD using whole sequence data from 507 genetically enriched AD cases (i.e., cases having close relatives affected by AD) and 4917 cognitively healthy controls of European ancestry (EA) and 172 enriched cases and 179 controls of Caribbean Hispanic ancestry. Confirmation of top findings from stage 1 was sought in two family-based genome-wide association study data sets and in a whole genome-sequencing data set comprising members from 42 EA and 115 Caribbean Hispanic families. RESULTS We identified associations in EAs with variants in 12 novel loci. The most robust finding is a rare CASP7 missense variant (rs116437863; P = 2.44 × 10-10) which improved when combined with results from stage 2 data sets (P = 1.92 × 10-10). DISCUSSION Our study demonstrated that an enriched case design can strengthen genetic signals, thus allowing detection of associations that would otherwise be missed in a traditional case-control study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Congcong Zhu
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gary Beecham
- Hussman Institute of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Yiyi Ma
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Lancour
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John J Farrell
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jaeyoon Chung
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gerard D Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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Kiseleva OI, Lisitsa AV, Poverennaya EV. Proteoforms: Methods of Analysis and Clinical Prospects. Mol Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893318030068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Huang W, Cheng P, Yu K, Han Y, Song M, Li Y. Hyperforin attenuates aluminum-induced Aβ production and Tau phosphorylation via regulating Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway in PC12 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:1-6. [PMID: 28961505 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is a neurotoxicant and cause β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides aggregation and tau hyperphosphorylation. Hyperforin (HF) is one of the major active constituents of the extracts of St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum), can treat Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other diseases involving peptide accumulation and cognition impairment. To determine the effects of HF on Al-induced Aβ formation and tau hyperphosphorylation, PC12 cells were cultured and treated with Al-malt (500μM) and/or HF (1μM). The results showed that HF treatment significantly attenuated Al-malt-induced Aβ1-42 production by reducing the expressions of APP, BACE1 and PS1, while increasing the expressions of sAPPα, ADAM9/10/17, and tau phosphorylation in PC12 cells. In addition, HF treatment also increased phosphorylation of AKT (Ser473) and inhibited GSK-3β activity by increasing phosphorylation of GSK-3β (Ser9). These results indicated that HF may exert the protection via regulating the AKT/GSK-3β signaling to reduce Aβ production and tau phosphorylation in PC12 cells. Furthermore, these results could lead a possible therapeutics for the management of Al neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyue Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Kaiyuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yanfei Han
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Miao Song
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Fendiline inhibits proliferation and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells by interfering with ADAM10 activation and β-catenin signaling. Oncotarget 2016; 6:35931-48. [PMID: 26440150 PMCID: PMC4742152 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ADAM10 (A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease Domain 10) affects the pathophysiology of various cancers, and we had shown that inhibition of ADAM10 sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine. ADAM10 is activated in response to calcium influx, and here we examined if calcium channel blockers (CCB) would impede ADAM10 activation and affect biology of pancreatic cancer cells. We find that the CCB, fendiline, significantly reduces proliferation, migration, invasion, and anchorage independent growth of pancreatic cancer cells. This was associated with ADAM10 inhibition and its localization at the actin-rich membrane protrusions. Further, fendiline-treated cells formed cadherin-catenin positive tight adherens junctions and elicited defective protein trafficking and recycling. Furthermore, the expression of β-catenin target genes, cyclinD1, c-Myc and CD44, were significantly decreased, suggesting that fendiline might prevent cell proliferation and migration by inhibiting ADAM10 function, cadherin proteolysis and stabilization of cadherin-catenin interaction at the plasma membrane. This will subsequently diminish β-catenin intracellular signaling and repress TCF/LEF target gene expression. Supporting this notion, RNAi-directed downregulation of ADAM10 in cancer cells decreased the expression of cyclinD1, c-Myc and CD44. Furthermore, analysis of human pancreatic tumor tissue microarrays and lysates showed elevated levels of ADAM10, suggesting that aberrant activation of ADAM10 plays a fundamental role in growth and metastasis of PDACs and inhibiting this pathway might be a viable strategy to combat PDACs.
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Lin KC, Lin HJ, Chang CP, Lin MT. Decreasing or increasing heat shock protein 72 exacerbates or attenuates heat-induced cell death, respectively, in rat hypothalamic cells. FEBS Open Bio 2015; 5:724-30. [PMID: 26448905 PMCID: PMC4571539 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild heat preconditioning up-regulated HSP72 expression in cultured hypothalamic cells. siRNA-HSP72 pretreatment down-regulated HSP72 expression. Mild heat preconditioning attenuated heat-induced cell loss. siRNA-HSP72 pre-treatment exacerbated heat-induced cell loss. A positive correlation between HSP72 expression and heat tolerance might exist in hypothalamic cells.
Heat shock protein (HSP) 72 in serum was decreased to a greater degree in patients with serious heat stroke than in those with mild heat stroke. Thus, increased levels of HSP72 appeared to correlate with a better outcome for the patient. Nevertheless, the function of HSP72 in the heat-induced hypothalamic cell death has not been assessed. In this study, we found that increasing HSP72 levels with mild heat preconditioning or decreasing HSP72 levels with pSUPER plasmid expressing HSP72 small interfering RNA significantly attenuated or exacerbated heat-induced cell death in cultured primary hypothalamic cells, respectively. Our findings suggest that HSP72 plays a pivotal role in heat-induced cell death and may be associated with heat tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kao-Chang Lin
- Department of Neurology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan ; Department of Biotechnology, Tainan 710, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jung Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, Tainan 710, Taiwan ; Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ping Chang
- Department of Biotechnology, Tainan 710, Taiwan ; Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Tsun Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, Tainan 710, Taiwan ; Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan
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Yates SC, Zafar A, Rabai EM, Foxall JB, Nagy S, Morrison KE, Clarke C, Esiri MM, Christie S, Smith AD, Nagy Z. The effects of two polymorphisms on p21cip1 function and their association with Alzheimer's disease in a population of European descent. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0114050. [PMID: 25625488 PMCID: PMC4308198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
With the exception of ApoE4, genome-wide association studies have failed to identify strong genetic risk factors for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, despite strong evidence of heritability, suggesting that many low penetrance genes may be involved. Additionally, the nature of the identified genetic risk factors and their relation to disease pathology is also largely obscure. Previous studies have found that a cancer-associated variant of the cell cycle inhibitor gene p21cip1 is associated with increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease. The aim of this study was to confirm this association and to elucidate the effects of the variant on protein function and Alzheimer-type pathology. We examined the association of the p21cip1 variant with Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease with dementia. The genotyping studies were performed on 719 participants of the Oxford Project to Investigate Memory and Ageing, 225 participants of a Parkinson’s disease DNA bank, and 477 participants of the Human Random Control collection available from the European Collection of Cell Cultures. The post mortem studies were carried out on 190 participants. In the in-vitro study, human embryonic kidney cells were transfected with either the common or rare p21cip1 variant; and cytometry was used to assess cell cycle kinetics, p21cip1 protein expression and sub-cellular localisation. The variant was associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease with dementia, relative to age matched controls. Furthermore, the variant was associated with an earlier age of onset of Alzheimer’s disease, and a more severe phenotype, with a primary influence on the accumulation of tangle pathology. In the in-vitro study, we found that the SNPs reduced the cell cycle inhibitory and anti-apoptotic activity of p21cip1. The results suggest that the cancer-associated variant of p21cip1 may contribute to the loss of cell cycle control in neurons that may lead to Alzheimer-type neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon C. Yates
- Neuropharmacology and Neurobiology, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Amen Zafar
- Neuropharmacology and Neurobiology, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Erzsebet M. Rabai
- Neuropharmacology and Neurobiology, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - James B. Foxall
- Neuropharmacology and Neurobiology, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila Nagy
- Neuropharmacology and Neurobiology, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Karen E. Morrison
- Neuropharmacology and Neurobiology, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Carl Clarke
- Neuropharmacology and Neurobiology, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret M. Esiri
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Oxford, Level 1, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Christie
- OPTIMA, University of Oxford, Level 4, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - A. David Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Zsuzsanna Nagy
- Neuropharmacology and Neurobiology, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Liu B, Zhu Y, Zhou J, Wei Y, Long C, Chen M, Ling Y, Ge J, Zhuo Y. Endoplasmic reticulum stress promotes amyloid-beta peptides production in RGC-5 cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:827-35. [PMID: 24643796 PMCID: PMC4389842 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-014-0506-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. We have previously observed amyloid production in the retina of the Tg2576 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we used tunicamycin-induced ER stress in RGC-5 cells, a cell line identical to the photoreceptor cell line 661W, to investigate the effect of ER stress on production of amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides. We found that the mRNA level of amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) remained stable, while the protein level of amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) was decreased, the amyloid-beta precursor protein cleaving enzymes beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 and presenilin 1 were upregulated, Abeta1-40 and Abeta1-42 production were increased, and reactive oxygen species production and apoptosis markers were elevated following induction of ER stress. The protein level of Abeta degradation enzymes, neprilysin, endothelin-converting enzyme 1, and endothelin-converting enzyme 2 remained unchanged during the prolonged ER stress, showing that the generation of Abeta did not result from reduction of proteolysis by these enzymes. Inclusion of group II caspase inhibitor, Z-DEVD-FMK, increased the ER stress mediated Abeta production, suggesting that they are generated by a caspase-independent mechanism. Our findings provided evidence of a role of ER stress in Abeta peptide overproduction and apoptotic pathway activation in RGC-5 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqian Liu
- />State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060 China
| | - Yingting Zhu
- />State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060 China
| | - Jiayi Zhou
- />New England College of Optometry, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Yantao Wei
- />State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060 China
| | - Chongde Long
- />State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060 China
| | - Mengfei Chen
- />State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060 China
| | - Yunlan Ling
- />State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060 China
| | - Jian Ge
- />State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060 China
| | - Yehong Zhuo
- />State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060 China
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Yang H, Yang H, Xie Z, Wang P, Bi J. Self-assembling nanofibers alter the processing of amyloid precursor protein in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurol Res 2014; 37:84-91. [PMID: 25005263 DOI: 10.1179/1743132814y.0000000417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common dementia, which is not effectively cured to date. Amyloid-beta (Abeta) deposition cascade and disintegrity of brain extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold attribute to the progress of AD. Thus, it maybe an effective way to treat AD by altering the processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and regaining the integrity of ECM. The peptide amphiphile (PA) with a laminin epitope isoleucine-lysine-valine-alanine-valine (IKVAV) (IKVAV-PA) can be trigged into ECM in vivo. In addition, IKVAV-PA could significantly improve cognitive impairment with remarkable increase of endoneurogensis in the hippocampus, as well as reduction of burden of amyloid plaque in the brain. METHODS We used heterozygous AbetaPPswe/PS1dE9 double transgenic mice as the animal model of AD. After 1 week of initial stereotaxic administration into bilateral hippocampus, the mice were subjected to the Morris Water Maze (MWM) test. At the end of MWM test, immunohistochemical staining, Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed in mice. RESULTS Here we showed that IKVAV-PA significantly improved cognitive impairment accompanying with reducing the burden of Abeta plaques, as well as the levels of soluble Abeta1-40 and Abeta1-42 in the cortex and hippocampus after 2 weeks of initial administration into bilateral hippocampus. Further examination demonstrated that IKVAV-PA also altered the processing of APP via inhibiting the gene expression of beta-secretase (BACE1), as well as improving the gene expression of insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) and neprilysin (NEP). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that IKVAV-PA may serve as an alternative therapeutic intervention for treating the learning and memory losses in AD.
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Piacentini R, De Chiara G, Li Puma DD, Ripoli C, Marcocci ME, Garaci E, Palamara AT, Grassi C. HSV-1 and Alzheimer's disease: more than a hypothesis. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:97. [PMID: 24847267 PMCID: PMC4019841 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the multiple factors concurring to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis, greater attention should be devoted to the role played by infectious agents. Growing epidemiological and experimental evidence suggests that recurrent herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) infection is a risk factor for AD although the underlying molecular and functional mechanisms have not been fully elucidated yet. Here, we review literature suggesting the involvement of HSV-1 infection in AD also briefly mentioning possible pharmacological implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Piacentini
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna De Chiara
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council Rome, Italy
| | - Domenica D Li Puma
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Italy
| | - Cristian Ripoli
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Italy
| | - Maria E Marcocci
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Garaci
- San Raffaele Pisana Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Health Care, Telematic University Rome, Italy
| | - Anna T Palamara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Institute Pasteur Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy ; San Raffaele Pisana Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Health Care Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Italy
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Wang L, Hu J, Zhao Y, Lu X, Zhang Q, Niu Q. Effects of aluminium on β-amyloid (1-42) and secretases (APP-cleaving enzymes) in rat brain. Neurochem Res 2014; 39:1338-45. [PMID: 24792732 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1317-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Chronic administration of aluminium has been proposed as an environmental factor that may affect some pathological changes related to neurotoxicity and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The abnormal generation and deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) in senile plaques are hallmark features in the brains of AD patients. Furthermore, Aβ is generated by the sequential cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) via the APP cleaving enzyme (α-secretase, or β-secretase) and γ-secretase. In the present study, we investigated the modulation of Aβ deposition and neurotoxicity in aluminium-maltolate-treated (0, 15, 30, 45 mmol/kg body weight via intraperitoneal injection) in experimental rats. We measured Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 in the cortex and hippocampus in rat brains using ELISA. Subtypes of α-secretase, β-secretase, and γ-secretase, including ADAM9, ADAM10, ADAM17 (TACE), BACE1, presenilin 1 (PS1) and nicastrin (NCT), were determined using western blotting analyses. These results indicated that aluminium-maltolate induced an AD-like behavioural deficit in rats at 30 and 45 mmol/kg body weight. Moreover, the Aβ1-42 content increased significantly, both in the cortex and hippocampus, although no changes were observed in Aβ1-40. Furthermore, ADAM9, ADAM10, and ADAM17 decreased significantly; in contrast, BACE1, PS1, and NCT showed significant increase. Taken together, these results suggest that the changes in secretases may correlate to the abnormal deposition of Aβ by aluminium in rat brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linping Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
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