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Hayatgheibi H, Hallingbäck HR, Lundqvist SO, Grahn T, Scheepers G, Nordström P, Chen ZQ, Kärkkäinen K, Wu HX, García-Gil MR. Implications of accounting for marker-based population structure in the quantitative genetic evaluation of genetic parameters related to growth and wood properties in Norway spruce. BMC Genom Data 2024; 25:60. [PMID: 38877416 PMCID: PMC11177499 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-024-01241-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Forest geneticists typically use provenances to account for population differences in their improvement schemes; however, the historical records of the imported materials might not be very precise or well-aligned with the genetic clusters derived from advanced molecular techniques. The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of marker-based population structure on genetic parameter estimates related to growth and wood properties and their trade-offs in Norway spruce, by either incorporating it as a fixed effect (model-A) or excluding it entirely from the analysis (model-B). RESULTS Our results indicate that models incorporating population structure significantly reduce estimates of additive genetic variance, resulting in substantial reduction of narrow-sense heritability. However, these models considerably improve prediction accuracies. This was particularly significant for growth and solid-wood properties, which showed to have the highest population genetic differentiation (QST) among the studied traits. Additionally, although the pattern of correlations remained similar across the models, their magnitude was slightly lower for models that included population structure as a fixed effect. This suggests that selection, consistently performed within populations, might be less affected by unfavourable genetic correlations compared to mass selection conducted without pedigree restrictions. CONCLUSION We conclude that the results of models properly accounting for population structure are more accurate and less biased compared to those neglecting this effect. This might have practical implications for breeders and forest managers where, decisions based on imprecise selections can pose a high risk to economic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleh Hayatgheibi
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhi-Qiang Chen
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Harry X Wu
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Tree Breeding By Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Black Mountain Laboratory, CSIRO National Collection Research Australia, Canberra, Australia
| | - M Rosario García-Gil
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden
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Climate Adaptation, Drought Susceptibility, and Genomic-Informed Predictions of Future Climate Refugia for the Australian Forest Tree Eucalyptus globulus. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13040575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the capacity of forest tree species to adapt to climate change is of increasing importance for managing forest genetic resources. Through a genomics approach, we modelled spatial variation in climate adaptation within the Australian temperate forest tree Eucalyptus globulus, identified putative climate drivers of this genomic variation, and predicted locations of future climate refugia and populations at-risk of future maladaptation. Using 812,158 SNPs across 130 individuals from 30 populations (i.e., localities) spanning the species’ natural range, a gradientForest algorithm found 1177 SNPs associated with locality variation in home-site climate (climate-SNPs), putatively linking them to climate adaptation. Very few climate-SNPs were associated with population-level variation in drought susceptibility, signalling the multi-faceted nature and complexity of climate adaptation. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed 24% of the climate-SNP variation could be explained by annual precipitation, isothermality, and maximum temperature of the warmest month. Spatial predictions of the RDA climate vectors associated with climate-SNPs allowed mapping of genomically informed climate selective surfaces across the species’ range under contemporary and projected future climates. These surfaces suggest over 50% of the current distribution of E. globulus will be outside the modelled adaptive range by 2070 and at risk of climate maladaptation. Such surfaces present a new integrated approach for natural resource managers to capture adaptive genetic variation and plan translocations in the face of climate change.
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Li MX, Li YZ, Chen Y, Wang T, Yang J, Fu HY, Yang XL, Li XF, Zhang G, Chen ZP, Yu RQ. Excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy combined with chemometrics methods for rapid identification and quantification of adulteration in Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zhang WJ, Zhao ZY, Chang LK, Cao Y, Wang S, Kang CZ, Wang HY, Zhou L, Huang LQ, Guo LP. Atractylodis Rhizoma: A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and quality control. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 266:113415. [PMID: 32987126 PMCID: PMC7521906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Atractylodis Rhizoma (AR), mainly includes Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. (A. lancea) and Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz. (A. chinensis) is widely used in East Asia as a diuretic and stomachic drug, for the treatment of rheumatic diseases, digestive disorders, night blindness, and influenza as it contains a variety of sesquiterpenoids and other components of medicinal importance. AIM OF THE REVIEW A systematic summary on the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and quality control of AR was presented to explore the future therapeutic potential and scientific potential of this plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS A review of the literature was performed by consulting scientific databases including Google Scholar, Web of Science, Baidu Scholar, Springer, PubMed, ScienceDirect, CNKI, etc. Plant taxonomy was confirmed to the database "The Plant List". RESULTS Over 200 chemical compounds have been isolated from AR, notably sesquiterpenoids and alkynes. Various pharmacological activities have been demonstrated, especially improving gastrointestinal function and thus allowed to assert most of the traditional uses of AR. CONCLUSIONS The researches on AR are extensive, but gaps still remain. The molecular mechanism, structure-activity relationship, potential synergistic and antagonistic effects of these components need to be further elucidated. It is suggested that further studies should be carried out in the aspects of comprehensive evaluation of the quality of medicinal materials, understanding of the "effective forms" and "additive effects" of the pharmacodynamic substances based on the same pharmacophore of TCM, and its long-term toxicity in vivo and clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs Breeding Base, Joint Laboratory of Infinitus (China) Herbs Quality Research, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China; College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs Breeding Base, Joint Laboratory of Infinitus (China) Herbs Quality Research, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Li-Kun Chang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ye Cao
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs Breeding Base, Joint Laboratory of Infinitus (China) Herbs Quality Research, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Chuan-Zhi Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs Breeding Base, Joint Laboratory of Infinitus (China) Herbs Quality Research, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Hong-Yang Wang
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs Breeding Base, Joint Laboratory of Infinitus (China) Herbs Quality Research, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Lu-Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs Breeding Base, Joint Laboratory of Infinitus (China) Herbs Quality Research, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Lan-Ping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs Breeding Base, Joint Laboratory of Infinitus (China) Herbs Quality Research, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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5
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Consistent community genetic effects in the context of strong environmental and temporal variation in Eucalyptus. Oecologia 2021; 195:367-382. [PMID: 33471200 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04835-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Provenance translocations of tree species are promoted in forestry, conservation, and restoration in response to global climate change. While this option is driven by adaptive considerations, less is known of the effects translocations can have on dependent communities. We investigated the relative importance and consistency of extended genetic effects in Eucalyptus using two species-E. globulus and E. pauciflora. In E. globulus, the dependent arthropod and pathogen canopy communities were quantified based on the abundance of 49 symptoms from 722 progeny from 13 geographic sub-races across 2 common gardens. For E. pauciflora, 6 symptoms were quantified over 2 years from 238 progeny from 16 provenances across 2 common gardens. Genetic effects significantly influenced communities in both species. However, site and year effects outweighed genetic effects with site explaining approximately 3 times the variation in community traits in E. globulus and site and year explaining approximately 6 times the variation in E. pauciflora. While the genetic effect interaction terms were significant in some community traits, broad trends in community traits associated with variation in home-site latitude for E. globulus and home-site altitude for E. pauciflora were evident. These broad-scale trends were consistent with patterns of adaptive differentiation within each species, suggesting there may be extended consequences of local adaptation. While small in comparison to site and year, the consistency of genetic effects highlights the importance of provenance choice in tree species, such as Eucalyptus, as adaptive divergence among provenances may have significant long-term effects on biotic communities.
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Berzaghi F, Wright IJ, Kramer K, Oddou-Muratorio S, Bohn FJ, Reyer CPO, Sabaté S, Sanders TGM, Hartig F. Towards a New Generation of Trait-Flexible Vegetation Models. Trends Ecol Evol 2019; 35:191-205. [PMID: 31882280 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Plant trait variability, emerging from eco-evolutionary dynamics that range from alleles to macroecological scales, is one of the most elusive, but possibly most consequential, aspects of biodiversity. Plasticity, epigenetics, and genetic diversity are major determinants of how plants will respond to climate change, yet these processes are rarely represented in current vegetation models. Here, we provide an overview of the challenges associated with understanding the causes and consequences of plant trait variability, and review current developments to include plasticity and evolutionary mechanisms in vegetation models. We also present a roadmap of research priorities to develop a next generation of vegetation models with flexible traits. Including trait variability in vegetation models is necessary to better represent biosphere responses to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Berzaghi
- Laboratory for Sciences of Climate and Environment (LSCE) - UMR CEA/CNRS/UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France; Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2022, Australia; Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, University of Tuscia, Viterbo 01100, Italy.
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2022, Australia
| | - Koen Kramer
- Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalse steeg 4, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Friedrich J Bohn
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467, Germany; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Christopher P O Reyer
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, PO Box 60 12 03, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Santiago Sabaté
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona 08028, Spain; CREAF (Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications), Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain
| | - Tanja G M Sanders
- Thuenen Institut of Forest Ecosystems, Alfred-Moeller-Str. 1, Haus 41/42, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany
| | - Florian Hartig
- Theoretical Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 3, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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Allevato DM, Kiyota E, Mazzafera P, Nixon KC. Ecometabolomic Analysis of Wild Populations of Pilocarpus pennatifolius (Rutaceae) Using Unimodal Analyses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:258. [PMID: 30894869 PMCID: PMC6414451 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Studies examining the diversity of plant specialized metabolites suggest that biotic and abiotic pressures greatly influence the qualitative and quantitative diversity found in a species. Large geographic distributions expose a species to a great variety of environmental pressures, thus providing an enormous opportunity for expression of environmental plasticity. Pilocarpus, a neotropical genus of Rutaceae, is rich in alkaloids, terpenoids, and coumarins, and is the only commercial source of the alkaloid pilocarpine for the treatment of glaucoma. Overharvesting of species in this genus for pilocarpine, has threatened natural populations of the species. The aim of this research was to understand how adaptation to environmental variation shapes the metabolome in multiple populations of the widespread species Pilocarpus pennatifolius. LCMS data from alkaloid and phenolic extracts of leaf tissue were analyzed with environmental predictors using unimodal unconstrained and constrained ordination methods for an untargeted metabolomics analysis. PLS-DA was used to further confirm the chemoecotypes of each site. The most important variables contributing to the alkaloid variation between the sites: mean temperature of wettest quarter, as well as the soil content of phosphorus, magnesium, and base saturation (V%). The most important contributing to the phenolic variation between the sites: mean temperature of the wettest quarter, temperature seasonality, calcium and soil electrical conductivity. This research will have broad implications in a variety of areas including biocontrol for pests, environmental and ecological plant physiology, and strategies for species conservation maximizing phytochemical diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella M. Allevato
- Section of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Eduardo Kiyota
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paulo Mazzafera
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Kevin C. Nixon
- Section of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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Zhu B, Zhang QL, Hua JW, Cheng WL, Qin LP. The traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 226:143-167. [PMID: 30130541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. (called Baizhu in China) is a medicinal plant that has long been used as a tonic agent in various ethno-medical systems in East Asia, especially in China, for the treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction, cancer, osteoporosis, obesity, and fetal irritability. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aims to provide a systematic summary on the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology of A. macrocephala to explore the future therapeutic potential and scientific potential of this plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was performed on A. macrocephala using scientific databases including Web of Science, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, Springer, PubMed, SciFinder, and ScienceDirect. Information was also collected from classic books of Chinese herbal medicine, Ph.D. and M.Sc. dissertations, unpublished materials, and local conference papers on toxicology. Plant taxonomy was confirmed to the database "The Plant List" (www.theplantlist.org). RESULTS More than 79 chemical compounds have been isolated from A. macrocephala, including sesquiterpenoids, triterpenoids, polyacetylenes, coumarins, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides, steroids, benzoquinones, and polysaccharides. Crude extracts and pure compounds of A. macrocephala are used to treat gastrointestinal hypofunction, cancer, arthritis, osteoporosis, splenic asthenia, abnormal fetal movement, Alzheimer disease, and obesity. These extracts have various pharmacological effects, including anti-tumor activity, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-aging activity, anti-oxidative activity, anti-osteoporotic activity, neuroprotective activity, and immunomodulatory activity, as well as improving gastrointestinal function and gonadal hormone regulation. CONCLUSIONS A. macrocephala is a valuable traditional Chinese medicinal herb with multiple pharmacological activities. Pharmacological investigations support the traditional use of A. macrocephala, and may validate the folk medicinal use of A. macrocephala to treat many chronic diseases. The available literature shows that much of the activity of A. macrocephala can be attributed to sesquiterpenoids, polysaccharides and polyacetylenes. However, there is a need to further understand the molecular mechanisms and the structure-function relationship of these constituents, as well as their potential synergistic and antagonistic effects. Further research on the comprehensive evaluation of medicinal quality, the understanding of multi-target network pharmacology of A. macrocephala, as well as its long-term in vivo toxicity and clinical efficacy is recommended.
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Key Words
- 12-hydroxytetradeca-2E,8E,10E-trien-4,6-diyn-1-ol (PubChem CID: 5321038)
- 12-hydroxytetradeca-2E,8Z,10E-trien-4,6-diyn-1-ol (PubChem CID: 54242098)
- 12-senecioyloxytetradeca-2E,8Z,10E-trien-4,6-diyne-1,14-diacetate (PubChem CID: 132941088)
- 13-hydroxyl-atractylenolide Ⅱ (PubChem CID: 132522412)
- 14-acetoxy-12-methylpropionyltetradeca-2E,8Z,10E-trien-4,6-diyn-1-ol (PubChem CID: 132941089)
- 14-acetoxy-12-senecioyloxytetradeca-2E,8E,10E-trien-4,6-diyn-1-ol (PubChem CID: 14448076)
- 14-acetoxy-12-senecioyloxytetradeca-2E,8Z,10E-trien-4,6-diyn-1-ol (PubChem CID: 132941086)
- 14-acetoxy-12α-methylbutyryltetradeca-2E,8E,10E-trien-4,6-diyn-1-ol (PubChem CID: 5319529)
- 14-acetoxy-12α-methylbutyryltetradeca-2E,8Z,10E-trien-4,6-diyn-1-ol (PubChem CID: 5319530)
- 14-acetoxy-12β-methylbutyryltetradeca-2E,8E,10E-trien-4,6-diyn-1-ol (PubChem CID: 14586258)
- 14-acetoxytetradeca-2E,8E,10E-trien-4,6-diyn-1-ol (PubChem CID: 129844442)
- 14-senecioyloxytetradeca-2E,8Z,10E-trien-4,6-diyne-1-ol (PubChem CID: 132919181)
- 14α-methylbutyryltetradeca-2E,8E,10E-trien-4,6-diyn-1-ol (PubChem CID: 5319531)
- 14β-methylbutyryltetradeca-2E,8E,10E-trien-4,6-diyn-1-ol (PubChem CID: 102208392)
- 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (PubChem CID: 7041)
- 2,6-dimethoxyquinone (PubChem CID: 68262)
- 2-[(2E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl]-6-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione (PubChem CID: 642530)
- 3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) propan-1-one (PubChem CID: 75142)
- 4-ketone-atractylenolide Ⅲ (PubChem CID: 132522410)
- 4-methoxycinnamic acid (PubChem CID: 699414)
- 7-hydroxycoumarin (PubChem CID: 5281426)
- 8β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-4′,5,7-trihydroxy-flavone (PubChem CID: 6420079)
- 8β-methoxyatractylenolide (PubChem CID: 101707485)
- Apigenin (PubChem CID: 5280443)
- Atractylenolactam (PubChem CID: 101707484)
- Atractylenolide I (PubChem CID: 5321018)
- Atractylenolide V (PubChem CID: 102163989)
- Atractylenolide Ⅱ (PubChem CID: 14448070)
- Atractylenolide Ⅲ (PubChem CID: 11311230)
- Atractylenolide Ⅳ (PubChem CID: 132510447)
- Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.
- Atractylon (PubChem CID: 3080635)
- Atractyloside A (PubChem CID: 71307451)
- Biepiasterolide (PubChem CID: 11351701)
- Caffeic acid (PubChem CID: 689043)
- D-mannitol (PubChem CID: 6251)
- Dictamnoside A (PubChem CID: 44560015)
- Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxycinnamate (PubChem CID: 5317238)
- Eudesm-4(15),7-diene-9α,11-diol (PubChem CID: 102519767)
- Eudesm-4(15)-ene-7β,11-diol (PubChem CID: 102519766)
- Ferulic acid (PubChem CID: 445858)
- Juniper camphor (PubChem CID: 5318734)
- Lupeol (PubChem CID: 259846)
- Luteolin (PubChem CID: 5280445)
- Palmitic acid (PubChem CID: 985)
- Pharmacology
- Phytochemistry
- Protocatechuic acid (PubChem CID: 72)
- Scopoletin (PubChem CID: 5280460)
- Scutellarein 6-O-glucoside (PubChem CID: 54493965)
- Selina-4(15),7(11)-dien-8-one (PubChem CID: 13986100)
- Stigmasterol (PubChem CID: 5280794)
- Syringin (PubChem CID: 5316860)
- Taraxeryl acetate (PubChem CID: 94225)
- Traditional uses
- Uridine (PubChem CID: 6029)
- Z-5-hydroxy ferulic acid (PubChem CID: 446834)
- β-sitosterol (PubChem CID: 222284)
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; Lishui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Quan-Long Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jin-Wei Hua
- Lishui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Wen-Liang Cheng
- Lishui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lishui 323000, China.
| | - Lu-Ping Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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Nobler JD, Camp MJ, Crowell MM, Shipley LA, Dadabay C, Rachlow JL, James L, Forbey JS. Preferences of Specialist and Generalist Mammalian Herbivores for Mixtures Versus Individual Plant Secondary Metabolites. J Chem Ecol 2018; 45:74-85. [PMID: 30397901 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-018-1030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Herbivores that forage on chemically defended plants consume complex mixtures of plant secondary metabolites (PSMs). However, the mechanisms by which herbivores tolerate mixtures of PSMs are relatively poorly understood. As such, it remains difficult to predict how PSMs, singly or as complex mixtures, influence diet selection by herbivores. Although relative rates of detoxification of PSMs have been used to explain tolerance of PSMs by dietary specialist herbivores, few studies have used the rate of detoxification of individual PSMs to understand dietary preferences of individual herbivores for individual versus mixtures of PSMs. We coupled in vivo experiments using captive feeding trials with in vitro experiments using enzymatic detoxification assays to evaluate the dietary preferences and detoxification capacities of pygmy rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis), dietary specialists on sagebrush (Artemisia spp.), and mountain cottontails (Sylvilagus nuttallii), dietary generalists. We compared preference for five single PSMs in sagebrush compared to a mixture containing those same five PSMs. We hypothesized that relative preference for individual PSMs would coincide with faster detoxification capacity for those PSMs by specialists and generalists. Pygmy rabbits generally showed little preference among individual PSMs compared to mixed PSMs, whereas mountain cottontails exhibited stronger preferences. Pygmy rabbits had faster detoxification capacities for all PSMs and consumed higher concentrations of individual PSMs versus a mixture than cottontails. However, detoxification capacity for an individual PSM did not generally coincide with preferences or avoidance of individual PSMs by either species. Cottontails avoided, but pygmy rabbits preferred, camphor, the PSM with the slowest detoxification rate by both species. Both species avoided β-pinene despite it having one of the fastest detoxification rate. Taken together our in vivo and in vitro results add to existing evidence that detoxification capacity is higher in dietary specialist than generalist herbivores. However, results also suggest that alternative mechanisms such as absorption and the pharmacological action of individual or mixtures of PSMs may play a role in determining preference of PSMs within herbivore species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan D Nobler
- Boise State University, 1910 W. University Dr, Boise, ID, 83725, USA.
| | - Meghan J Camp
- Washington State University, PO Box 64, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Miranda M Crowell
- University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Lisa A Shipley
- Washington State University, PO Box 64, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Carolyn Dadabay
- College of Idaho, 2112 Cleveland Blvd, Caldwell, ID, 83605, USA
| | - Janet L Rachlow
- University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Lauren James
- College of Idaho, 2112 Cleveland Blvd, Caldwell, ID, 83605, USA
| | - Jennifer S Forbey
- Boise State University, 1910 W. University Dr, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
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Lamara M, Parent GJ, Giguère I, Beaulieu J, Bousquet J, MacKay JJ. Association genetics of acetophenone defence against spruce budworm in mature white spruce. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:231. [PMID: 30309315 PMCID: PMC6182838 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1434-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outbreaks of spruce budworm (SBW, Choristoneura fumiferana Clem.) cause major recurrent damage in boreal conifers such as white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) and large losses of forest biomass in North America. Although defensive phenolic compounds have recently been linked to chemical resistance against SBW, their genetic basis remains poorly understood in forest trees, especially in conifers. Here, we used diverse association genetics approaches to discover genes and their variants that may control the accumulation of acetophenones, and dissect the genetic architecture of these defence compounds against SBW in white spruce mature trees. RESULTS Out of 4747 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 2312 genes genotyped in a population of 211 unrelated individuals, genetic association analyses identified 35 SNPs in 33 different genes that were significantly associated with the defence traits by using single-locus, multi-locus and multi-trait approaches. The multi-locus approach was particularly effective at detecting SNP-trait associations that explained a large fraction of the phenotypic variance (from 20 to 43%). Significant genes were regulatory including the NAC transcription factor, or they were involved in carbohydrate metabolism, falling into the binding, catalytic or transporter activity functional classes. Most of them were highly expressed in foliage. Weak positive phenotypic correlations were observed between defence and growth traits, indicating little or no evidence of defence-growth trade-offs. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new insights on the genetic architecture of tree defence traits, contributing to our understanding of the physiology of resistance mechanisms to biotic factors and providing a basis for the genetic improvement of the constitutive defence of white spruce against SBW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mebarek Lamara
- Forest Research Centre and Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Département des sciences du bois et de la forêt, Université Laval, Qc, Québec, G1V 0A6 Canada
- Canada Research Chair in Forest Genomics, Université Laval, Qc, Québec, G1V 0A6 Canada
| | | | - Isabelle Giguère
- Forest Research Centre and Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Département des sciences du bois et de la forêt, Université Laval, Qc, Québec, G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Jean Beaulieu
- Forest Research Centre and Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Département des sciences du bois et de la forêt, Université Laval, Qc, Québec, G1V 0A6 Canada
- Canada Research Chair in Forest Genomics, Université Laval, Qc, Québec, G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Jean Bousquet
- Forest Research Centre and Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Département des sciences du bois et de la forêt, Université Laval, Qc, Québec, G1V 0A6 Canada
- Canada Research Chair in Forest Genomics, Université Laval, Qc, Québec, G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - John J. MacKay
- Forest Research Centre and Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Département des sciences du bois et de la forêt, Université Laval, Qc, Québec, G1V 0A6 Canada
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB UK
- Canada Research Chair in Forest Genomics, Université Laval, Qc, Québec, G1V 0A6 Canada
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Gosney BJ, Potts BM, O'Reilly-Wapstra JM, Vaillancourt RE, Fitzgerald H, Davies NW, Freeman JS. Genetic control of cuticular wax compounds in Eucalyptus globulus. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 209:202-215. [PMID: 26262563 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant cuticular wax compounds perform functions that are essential for the survival of terrestrial plants. Despite their importance, the genetic control of these compounds is poorly understood outside of model taxa. Here we investigate the genetic basis of variation in cuticular compounds in Eucalyptus globulus using quantitative genetic and quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses. Quantitative genetic analysis was conducted using 246 open-pollinated progeny from 13 native sub-races throughout the geographic range. QTL analysis was conducted using 112 clonally replicated progeny from an outcross F2 population. Nine compounds exhibited significant genetic variation among sub-races with three exhibiting signals of diversifying selection. Fifty-two QTL were found with co-location of QTL for related compounds commonly observed. Notable among these was the QTL for five wax esters, which co-located with a gene from the KCS family, previously implicated in the biosynthesis of cuticular waxes in Arabidopsis. In combination, the QTL and quantitative genetic analyses suggest the variation and differentiation in cuticular wax compounds within E. globulus has a complex genetic origin. Sub-races exhibited independent latitudinal and longitudinal differentiation in cuticular wax compounds, likely reflecting processes such as historic gene flow and diversifying selection acting upon genes that have diverse functions in distinct biochemical pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Gosney
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Brad M Potts
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | | | - René E Vaillancourt
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Hugh Fitzgerald
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Noel W Davies
- Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 74, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Jules S Freeman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
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Borzak CL, Potts BM, Davies NW, O'Reilly-Wapstra JM. Population divergence in the ontogenetic trajectories of foliar terpenes of a Eucalyptus species. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2015; 115:159-170. [PMID: 25434028 PMCID: PMC4284115 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The development of plant secondary metabolites during early life stages can have significant ecological and evolutionary implications for plant-herbivore interactions. Foliar terpenes influence a broad range of ecological interactions, including plant defence, and their expression may be influenced by ontogenetic and genetic factors. This study investigates the role of these factors in the expression of foliar terpene compounds in Eucalyptus globulus seedlings. METHODS Seedlings were sourced from ten families each from three genetically distinct populations, representing relatively high and low chemical resistance to mammalian herbivory. Cotyledon-stage seedlings and consecutive leaf pairs of true leaves were harvested separately across an 8-month period, and analysed for eight monoterpene compounds and six sesquiterpene compounds. KEY RESULTS Foliar terpenes showed a series of dynamic changes with ontogenetic trajectories differing between populations and families, as well as between and within the two major terpene classes. Sesquiterpenes changed rapidly through ontogeny and expressed opposing trajectories between compounds, but showed consistency in pattern between populations. Conversely, changed expression in monoterpene trajectories was population- and compound-specific. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that adaptive opportunities exist for changing levels of terpene content through ontogeny, and evolution may exploit the ontogenetic patterns of change in these compounds to create a diverse ontogenetic chemical mosaic with which to defend the plant. It is hypothesized that the observed genetically based patterns in terpene ontogenetic trajectories reflect multiple changes in the regulation of genes throughout different terpene biosynthetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Borzak
- School of Biological Sciences and National Centre for Future Forest Industries, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia and Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 74, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Brad M Potts
- School of Biological Sciences and National Centre for Future Forest Industries, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia and Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 74, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Noel W Davies
- School of Biological Sciences and National Centre for Future Forest Industries, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia and Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 74, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Julianne M O'Reilly-Wapstra
- School of Biological Sciences and National Centre for Future Forest Industries, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia and Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 74, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
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Costa e Silva J, Potts BM, Lopez GA. Heterosis may result in selection favouring the products of long-distance pollen dispersal in Eucalyptus. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93811. [PMID: 24751722 PMCID: PMC3994164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Using native trees from near the northern and southern extremities of the relatively continuous eastern distribution of Eucalyptus globulus in Tasmania, we compared the progenies derived from natural open-pollination (OP) with those generated from within-region and long-distance outcrossing. Controlled outcrossing amongst eight parents - with four parents from each of the northern and southern regions - was undertaken using a diallel mating scheme. The progeny were planted in two field trials located within the species native range in southern Tasmania, and their survival and diameter growth were monitored over a 13-year-period. The survival and growth performances of all controlled cross types exceeded those of the OP progenies, consistent with inbreeding depression due to a combination of selfing and bi-parental inbreeding. The poorer survival of the northern regional (♀N♂N) outcrosses compared with the local southern regional outcrosses (♀S♂S) indicated differential selection against the former. Despite this mal-adaptation of the non-local ♀N♂N crosses at both southern sites, the survival of the inter-regional hybrids (♀N♂S and ♀S♂N) was never significantly different from that of the local ♀S♂S crosses. Significant site-dependent heterosis was detected for the growth of the surviving long-distance hybrids. This was expressed as mid-parent heterosis, particularly at the more northern planting site. Heterosis increased with age, while the difference between the regional ♀N♂N and ♀S♂S crosses remained insignificant at any age at either site. Nevertheless, the results for growth suggest that the fitness of individuals derived from long-distance crossing may be better at the more northern of the planting sites. Our results demonstrate the potential for early-age assessments of pollen dispersal to underestimate realised gene flow, with local inbreeding under natural open-pollination resulting in selection favouring the products of longer-distance pollinations. Indeed, heterosis derived from long-distance pollinations may be sufficient to counter local mal-adaptation, at least in the first generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Costa e Silva
- Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Brad M. Potts
- School of Biological Sciences and National Centre for Future Forest Industries, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Gustavo A. Lopez
- School of Biological Sciences and National Centre for Future Forest Industries, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Kremer A, Potts BM, Delzon S. Genetic divergence in forest trees: understanding the consequences of climate change. Funct Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Kremer
- INRA; UMR1202 Biodiversité Gènes et Communautés; Cestas F-33610, France
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR1202 Biodiversité Gènes et Communautés; Talence F-33410 France
| | - Brad M. Potts
- School of Plant Science and National Centre for Future Forest Industries; University of Tasmania; Private Bag 55 Hobart TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Sylvain Delzon
- INRA; UMR1202 Biodiversité Gènes et Communautés; Cestas F-33610, France
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR1202 Biodiversité Gènes et Communautés; Talence F-33410 France
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