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Lu J, Yu J, Xie W, Guo Z, Gao X, Li Y, Zhang Z, Jin Z, Fahad A, Che S, Zhao L, Wei Y. Acidity-Triggered Charge-Convertible Conjugated Polymer for Dihydroartemisinin Delivery and Tumor-Specific Chemo-Photothermal Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023. [PMID: 37190932 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the nonspecificity and nonselectivity of traditional treatment models lead to the difficulty of cancer treatment, nanobased strategies are needed to fill in the gaps of current approaches. Herein, a tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive chemo-photothermal treatment model was developed based on dihydroartemisinin (DHA)-loaded conjugated polymers (DHA@PLGA-PANI). The synthesized DHA@PLGA-PANI exhibited enhanced photothermal properties under mild-acidic conditions and thus triggered local heat at the tumor site. Meanwhile, these iron-doped conjugated polymers of PLGA-PANI were used as the source of Fe, and benefiting from the Fe-dependent cytotoxicity of DHA, the burst of free radicals could be generated in tumors. Therefore, the combination of TME-responsive chemo-photothermal therapy could achieve effective tumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratories of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratories of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wensheng Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratories of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhenhu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratories of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaohan Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratories of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratories of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ziqing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratories of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zeping Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratories of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Abdul Fahad
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratories of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shenglei Che
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratories of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lingyun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratories of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yen Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratories of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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2
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Cheng X, Yan H, Pang S, Ya M, Qiu F, Qin P, Zeng C, Lu Y. Liposomes as Multifunctional Nano-Carriers for Medicinal Natural Products. Front Chem 2022; 10:963004. [PMID: 36003616 PMCID: PMC9393238 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.963004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although medicinal natural products and their derivatives have shown promising effects in disease therapies, they usually suffer the drawbacks in low solubility and stability in the physiological environment, low delivery efficiency, side effects due to multi-targeting, and low site-specific distribution in the lesion. In this review, targeted delivery was well-guided by liposomal formulation in the aspects of preparation of functional liposomes, liposomal medicinal natural products, combined therapies, and image-guided therapy. This review is believed to provide useful guidance to enhance the targeted therapy of medicinal natural products and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiamin Cheng
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiamin Cheng, ; Chao Zeng, ; Yongna Lu,
| | - Hui Yan
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing, China
| | - Songhao Pang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing, China
| | - Mingjun Ya
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing, China
| | - Pinzhu Qin
- School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangsu Open University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Zeng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiamin Cheng, ; Chao Zeng, ; Yongna Lu,
| | - Yongna Lu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiamin Cheng, ; Chao Zeng, ; Yongna Lu,
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3
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Deng K, Yang D, Zhou Y. Nanotechnology-Based siRNA Delivery Systems to Overcome Tumor Immune Evasion in Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071344. [PMID: 35890239 PMCID: PMC9315482 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune evasion is a common reason causing the failure of anticancer immune therapy. Small interfering RNA (siRNA), which can activate the innate and adaptive immune system responses by silencing immune-relevant genes, have been demonstrated to be a powerful tool for preventing or reversing immune evasion. However, siRNAs show poor stability in biological fluids and cannot efficiently cross cell membranes. Nanotechnology has shown great potential for intracellular siRNA delivery in recent years. Nano-immunotherapy can efficiently penetrate the tumor microenvironment (TME) and deliver multiple immunomodulatory agents simultaneously, which appears to be a promising method for combination therapy. Therefore, it provides a new perspective for siRNA delivery in immunomodulation and cancer immunotherapy. The current advances and challenges in nanotechnology-based siRNA delivery strategies for overcoming immune evasion will be discussed in this review. In addition, we also offer insights into therapeutic options, which may expand its applications in clinical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; (K.D.); (D.Y.)
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315021, China
| | - Dongxue Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; (K.D.); (D.Y.)
- Institute of Digestive Disease of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Yuping Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; (K.D.); (D.Y.)
- Institute of Digestive Disease of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
- Correspondence:
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4
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Artemisinin-Type Drugs in Tumor Cell Death: Mechanisms, Combination Treatment with Biologics and Nanoparticle Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020395. [PMID: 35214127 PMCID: PMC8875250 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Artemisinin, the most famous anti-malaria drug initially extracted from Artemisia annua L., also exhibits anti-tumor properties in vivo and in vitro. To improve its solubility and bioavailability, multiple derivatives have been synthesized. However, to reveal the anti-tumor mechanism and improve the efficacy of these artemisinin-type drugs, studies have been conducted in recent years. In this review, we first provide an overview of the effect of artemisinin-type drugs on the regulated cell death pathways, which may uncover novel therapeutic approaches. Then, to overcome the shortcomings of artemisinin-type drugs, we summarize the recent advances in two different therapeutic approaches, namely the combination therapy with biologics influencing regulated cell death, and the use of nanocarriers as drug delivery systems. For the former approach, we discuss the superiority of combination treatments compared to monotherapy in tumor cells based on their effects on regulated cell death. For the latter approach, we give a systematic overview of nanocarrier design principles used to deliver artemisinin-type drugs, including inorganic-based nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, polymer-based nanoparticles, carbon-based nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers and niosomes. Both approaches have yielded promising findings in vitro and in vivo, providing a strong scientific basis for further study and upcoming clinical trials.
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5
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Recent Advances in the Development of Noble Metal NPs for Cancer Therapy. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:2444516. [PMID: 35126483 PMCID: PMC8816609 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2444516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of nanotechnology, noble metal nanoparticles are widely used in the treatment of cancer due to their unique optical properties, excellent biocompatibility, surface effects, and small size effects. In recent years, researchers have designed and synthesized a large number of nanomedicines that can be used for cancer treatment based on the morphology, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of action, and toxicological studies of noble metal nanoparticles. Furthermore, the integration of diagnosis and treatment, hyperthermia, cytotoxicity research, and drug delivery system based on the study of noble metal nanoparticles can be used as effective means for cancer treatment. This article focuses on the analysis of noble metal nanoparticles that are widely used in the treatment of cancer, such as gold nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, platinum nanoparticles, and palladium nanoparticles. The various methods and mechanisms of action of noble metal nanoparticles in the treatment of cancer are objectively summarized in detail. Based on the research on the therapeutic safety and toxicity of noble metal nanoparticles, the development prospect of noble metal nanoparticles in the future clinical application is prospected.
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6
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Ma Z, Woon CYN, Liu CG, Cheng JT, You M, Sethi G, Wong ALA, Ho PCL, Zhang D, Ong P, Wang L, Goh BC. Repurposing Artemisinin and its Derivatives as Anticancer Drugs: A Chance or Challenge? Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:828856. [PMID: 35035355 PMCID: PMC8758560 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.828856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has become a global health problem, accounting for one out of six deaths. Despite the recent advances in cancer therapy, there is still an ever-growing need for readily accessible new therapies. The process of drug discovery and development is arduous and takes many years, and while it is ongoing, the time for the current lead compounds to reach clinical trial phase is very long. Drug repurposing has recently gained significant attention as it expedites the process of discovering new entities for anticancer therapy. One such potential candidate is the antimalarial drug, artemisinin that has shown anticancer activities in vitro and in vivo. In this review, major molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effect of artemisinin and its derivatives are summarised. Furthermore, major mechanisms of action and some key signaling pathways of this group of compounds have been reviewed to explore potential targets that contribute to the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells. Despite its established profile in malaria treatment, pharmacokinetic properties, anticancer potency, and current formulations that hinder the clinical translation of artemisinin as an anticancer agent, have been discussed. Finally, potential solutions or new strategies are identified to overcome the bottlenecks in repurposing artemisinin-type compounds as anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowu Ma
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Clariis Yi-Ning Woon
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chen-Guang Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jun-Ting Cheng
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Mingliang You
- Hangzhou Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea Li-Ann Wong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul Chi-Lui Ho
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daping Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Peishi Ong
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon-Cher Goh
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
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7
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Xiang J, Zhao R, Wang B, Sun X, Guo X, Tan S, Liu W. Advanced Nano-Carriers for Anti-Tumor Drug Loading. Front Oncol 2021; 11:758143. [PMID: 34604097 PMCID: PMC8481913 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.758143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the important means of tumor therapy. However, most of the anti-tumor drugs that currently used in clinic are hydrophobic non-specific drugs, which seriously affect the efficacy of drugs. With the development of nanotechnology, drug efficacy can be improved by selecting appropriate biodegradable nanocarriers for achieving the controlled release, targeting and higher bioavailability of drugs. This paper reviewed the research progress of anti-tumor drug nanoparticle carriers, which mainly summarized the materials used for anti-tumor drug nanoparticle carriers and their effects in anti-tumor drugs, as well as the targeted drug delivery methods of anti-tumor drugs based on nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xiang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinran Sun
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xu Guo
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Songwen Tan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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8
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Otto-Ślusarczyk D, Mielczarek-Puta M, Graboń W. The Real Cytotoxic Effect of Artemisinins on Colon Cancer Cells in a Physiological Cell Culture Setting. How Composition of the Culture Medium Biases Experimental Findings. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14100976. [PMID: 34681200 PMCID: PMC8540140 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisinin (ART) and dihydroartemisinin (DHA) are anti-malaria drugs but also exhibit huge anticancer potential based on ferroptosis driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. This study was conducted on primary (SW480), metastatic (SW620) colon cancer, and noncancerous HaCaT cells at pharmacologically relevant drug concentrations (1-8 µM) and in the presence of holotransferrin (TRFi 50 µM) and linoleic acid (LA 20, 40 µM) at physiological levels. ART and DHA showed the growth inhibitory potency which was significantly increased in the presence of LA or/and TRFi. The IC50 for ART or DHA, LA40 and TRFi combination in both cancer cell lines ranged 0.14-0.69 µM whereas no cytotoxic effect was observed for HaCaT cells (SI = 202-480). Almost all experimental settings revealed late apoptosis in both cancer cell lines, but not in normal cells. The percentage of late apoptotic cells increased with LA concentrations and was intensified after TRFi addition. The strongest pro-apoptic effect was exhibited by ART or DHA, LA40, and TRFi combination. More interestingly, we found a stimulatory effect of TRFi on IL-6 synthesis. The present study using LA and TRFi which are inherent blood components revealed high antitumor artemisinin activity in concentrations achievable after drug administration to cancer patients without toxic effects on normal cells.
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9
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Meza-Menchaca T, Lizano-Soberón M, Trigos A, Zepeda RC, Medina ME, Galindo-Murillo R. Elucidating Molecular Interactions of Ten Natural Compounds Targeting E6 HPV High Risk Oncoproteins Using Microsecond Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Med Chem 2021; 17:587-600. [PMID: 31995016 DOI: 10.2174/1573406416666200129145733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is a major public health issue worldwide, occurring in the vast majority of cases (85%) in low-income countries. Human papillomavirus (HPV) mainly infects the mucosal epithelium, and a small portion causes over 600,000 cases every year worldwide at various anatomical spots, mainly leading to anogenital and head and neck. INTRODUCTION The E6 oncoprotein encoded by cancer-associated alpha HPV can transform epithelial cells into tumorigenic tissue. Therapy for this infection and blocking of the HPV E6 oncoprotein could be provided with cost-effective and abundant natural products which are an exponentially growing topic in the literature. Finding an active natural compound that readily blocks HPV E6 oncoprotein which could be available for developing countries without expensive extraction processes or costly synthetic pathways is of major interest. METHODS Molecular dynamics simulation was performed using the most up-to-date AMBER protein force field ff14SB and a GPU enabled high performance computing cluster. RESULTS In this research, we present a study of the binding properties between 10 selected natural compounds that are readily available with two variants of the E6 oncoprotein types (HPV-16 and HPV-18) using 10+ microsecond molecular dynamics simulations. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that crocetin, ergosterol peroxide and κ-carrageenan natural products bind strongly to both HPV-16 and HPV-18 and could potentially serve as a scaffolding for further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuluz Meza-Menchaca
- Facultad de Medicina, Laboratorio de Genomica Humana, Universidad Veracruzana. Medicos y Odontologos, Col. Unidad del Bosque, 91010, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Marcela Lizano-Soberón
- Unidad de Investigacion Biomedica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 14080, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Angel Trigos
- Centro de Investigacion en Micologia Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Rossana C Zepeda
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala, Xalapa-Enriquez, Veracruz 91190, Mexico
| | - Manuel E Medina
- Centro de Investigacion en Micologia Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Galindo-Murillo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, L.S. Skaggs Pharmacy Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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10
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Çapcı A, Herrmann L, Sampath Kumar HM, Fröhlich T, Tsogoeva SB. Artemisinin-derived dimers from a chemical perspective. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:2927-2970. [PMID: 34114227 DOI: 10.1002/med.21814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Considerable progress has been made with the rather recently developed dimer approach, which has already found applications in the development of new effective artemisinin-derived antimalarial, anticancer, and antiviral agents. One observation common to these potential applications is the significant (i.e., much more than double) improvement in activity of artemisinin based dimers, which are not toxic to normal cells and have fewer or less harmful side effects, with respect to monomers against parasites, cancer cells and viruses. Due to the high potential of the dimerization concept, many new artemisinin-derived dimer compounds and their biological activities have been recently reported. In this review an overview of the synthesis of dimer drug candidates based on the clinically used drug artemisinin and its semisynthetic derivatives is given. Besides the highlighting of biological activities of the selected dimers, the main focus is set on different synthetic approaches toward the dimers containing a broad variety of symmetric and nonsymmetric linking moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysun Çapcı
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lars Herrmann
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Halmuthur M Sampath Kumar
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Tony Fröhlich
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Svetlana B Tsogoeva
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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11
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Plant-Derived Anticancer Compounds as New Perspectives in Drug Discovery and Alternative Therapy. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041109. [PMID: 33669817 PMCID: PMC7922180 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent advances in the field of chemically synthetized pharmaceutical agents, nature remains the main supplier of bioactive molecules. The research of natural products is a valuable approach for the discovery and development of novel biologically active compounds possessing unique structures and mechanisms of action. Although their use belongs to the traditional treatment regimes, plant-derived compounds still cover a large portion of the current-day pharmaceutical agents. Their medical importance is well recognized in the field of oncology, especially as an alternative to the limitations of conventional chemotherapy (severe side effects and inefficacy due to the occurrence of multi-drug resistance). This review offers a comprehensive perspective of the first blockbuster chemotherapeutic agents of natural origin’s (e.g. taxol, vincristine, doxorubicin) mechanism of action using 3D representation. In addition is portrayed the step-by-step evolution from preclinical to clinical evaluation of the most recently studied natural compounds with potent antitumor activity (e.g. resveratrol, curcumin, betulinic acid, etc.) in terms of anticancer mechanisms of action and the possible indications as chemotherapeutic or chemopreventive agents and sensitizers. Finally, this review describes several efficient platforms for the encapsulation and targeted delivery of natural compounds in cancer treatment
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Alven S, Aderibigbe BA. Nanoparticles Formulations of Artemisinin and Derivatives as Potential Therapeutics for the Treatment of Cancer, Leishmaniasis and Malaria. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E748. [PMID: 32784933 PMCID: PMC7466127 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12080748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer, malaria, and leishmaniasis remain the deadly diseases around the world although several strategies of treatment have been developed. However, most of the drugs used to treat the aforementioned diseases suffer from several pharmacological limitations such as poor pharmacokinetics, toxicity, drug resistance, poor bioavailability and water solubility. Artemisinin and its derivatives are antimalarial drugs. However, they also exhibit anticancer and antileishmanial activity. They have been evaluated as potential anticancer and antileishmanial drugs but their use is also limited by their poor water solubility and poor bioavailability. To overcome the aforementioned limitations associated with artemisinin and its derivatives used for the treatment of these diseases, they have been incorporated into nanoparticles. Several researchers incorporated this class of drugs into nanoparticles resulting in enhanced therapeutic outcomes. Their potential efficacy for the treatment of parasitic infections such as malaria and leishmaniasis and chronic diseases such as cancer has been reported. This review article will be focused on the nanoparticles formulations of artemisinin and derivatives for the treatment of cancer, malaria, and leishmaniasis and the biological outcomes (in vitro and in vivo).
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Kumar MS, Yadav TT, Khair RR, Peters GJ, Yergeri MC. Combination Therapies of Artemisinin and its Derivatives as a Viable Approach for Future Cancer Treatment. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:3323-3338. [PMID: 31475891 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190902155957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many anticancer drugs have been developed for clinical usage till now, but the major problem is the development of drug-resistance over a period of time in the treatment of cancer. Anticancer drugs produce huge adverse effects, ultimately leading to death of the patient. Researchers have been focusing on the development of novel molecules with higher efficacy and lower toxicity; the anti-malarial drug artemisinin and its derivatives have exhibited cytotoxic effects. METHODS We have done extensive literature search for artemisinin for its new role as anti-cancer agent for future treatment. Last two decades papers were referred for deep understanding to strengthen its role. RESULT Literature shows changes at 9, 10 position in the artemisinin structure produces anticancer activity. Artemisinin shows anticancer activity in leukemia, hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal and breast cancer cell lines. Artemisinin and its derivatives have been studied as combination therapy with several synthetic compounds, RNA interfaces, recombinant proteins and antibodies etc., for synergizing the effect of these drugs. They produce an anticancer effect by causing cell cycle arrest, regulating signaling in apoptosis, angiogenesis and cytotoxicity activity on the steroid receptors. Many novel formulations of artemisinin are being developed in the form of carbon nanotubes, polymer-coated drug particles, etc., for delivering artemisinin, since it has poor water/ oil solubility and is chemically unstable. CONCLUSION We have summarize the combination therapies of artemisinin and its derivatives with other anticancer drugs and also focussed on recent developments of different drug delivery systems in the last 10 years. Various reports and clinical trials of artemisinin type drugs indicated selective cytotoxicity along with minimal toxicity thus projecting them as promising anti-cancer agents in future cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maushmi S Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Vile Parle west, Mumbai-400056, India
| | - Tanuja T Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Vile Parle west, Mumbai-400056, India
| | - Rohan R Khair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Vile Parle west, Mumbai-400056, India
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mayur C Yergeri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Vile Parle west, Mumbai-400056, India
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Tsuda K, Miyamoto L, Hamano S, Morimoto Y, Kangawa Y, Fukue C, Kagawa Y, Horinouchi Y, Xu W, Ikeda Y, Tamaki T, Tsuchiya K. Mechanisms of the pH- and Oxygen-Dependent Oxidation Activities of Artesunate. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:555-563. [PMID: 29607928 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Artemisinin was discovered in 1971 as a constituent of the wormwood genus plant (Artemisia annua). This plant has been used as an herbal medicine to treat malaria since ancient times. The compound artemisinin has a sesquiterpene lactone bearing a peroxide group that offers its biological activity. In addition to anti-malarial activity, artemisinin derivatives have been reported to exert antitumor activity in cancer cells, and have attracted attention as potential anti-cancer drugs. Mechanisms that might explain the antitumor activities of artemisinin derivatives reportedly induction of apoptosis, angiogenesis inhibitory effects, inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) activation, and direct DNA injury. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation is involved in many cases. However, little is known about the mechanism of ROS formation from artemisinin derivatives and what types of ROS are produced. Therefore, we investigated the iron-induced ROS formation mechanism by using artesunate, a water-soluble artemisinin derivative, which is thought to be the underlying mechanism involved in artesunate-mediated cell death. The ROS generated by the coexistence of iron(II), artesunate, and molecular oxygen was a hydroxyl radical or hydroxyl radical-like ROS. Artesunate can reduce iron(III) to iron(II), which enables generation of ROS irrespective of the iron valence. We found that reduction from iron(III) to iron(II) was activated in the acidic rather than the neutral region and was proportional to the hydrogen ion concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Tsuda
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Licht Miyamoto
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Shuichi Hamano
- Department of Cell and Immunity Analytics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Yuri Morimoto
- Major in Laboratory Science, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tokushima University
| | - Yumi Kangawa
- Major in Laboratory Science, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tokushima University
| | - Chika Fukue
- Major in Laboratory Science, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tokushima University
| | - Yoko Kagawa
- Major in Laboratory Science, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tokushima University
| | - Yuya Horinouchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Wenting Xu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Yasumasa Ikeda
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Toshiaki Tamaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Koichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School
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Zhang Y, Xu G, Zhang S, Wang D, Saravana Prabha P, Zuo Z. Antitumor Research on Artemisinin and Its Bioactive Derivatives. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2018; 8:303-319. [PMID: 29633188 PMCID: PMC6102173 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-018-0162-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of human death which seriously threatens human life. The antimalarial drug artemisinin and its derivatives have been discovered with considerable anticancer properties. Simultaneously, a variety of target-selective artemisinin-related compounds with high efficiency have been discovered. Many researches indicated that artemisinin-related compounds have cytotoxic effects against a variety of cancer cells through pleiotropic effects, including inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells, promoting apoptosis, inducing cell cycle arrest, disrupting cancer invasion and metastasis, preventing angiogenesis, mediating the tumor-related signaling pathways, and regulating tumor microenvironment. More importantly, artemisinins demonstrated minor side effects to normal cells and manifested the ability to overcome multidrug-resistance which is widely observed in cancer patients. Therefore, we concentrated on the new advances and development of artemisinin and its derivatives as potential antitumor agents in recent 5 years. It is our hope that this review could be helpful for further exploration of novel artemisinin-related antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guowei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - P Saravana Prabha
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Zhili Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
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Zhao CY, Cheng R, Yang Z, Tian ZM. Nanotechnology for Cancer Therapy Based on Chemotherapy. Molecules 2018; 23:E826. [PMID: 29617302 PMCID: PMC6017446 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy has been widely applied in clinics. However, the therapeutic potential of chemotherapy against cancer is seriously dissatisfactory due to the nonspecific drug distribution, multidrug resistance (MDR) and the heterogeneity of cancer. Therefore, combinational therapy based on chemotherapy mediated by nanotechnology, has been the trend in clinical research at present, which can result in a remarkably increased therapeutic efficiency with few side effects to normal tissues. Moreover, to achieve the accurate pre-diagnosis and real-time monitoring for tumor, the research of nano-theranostics, which integrates diagnosis with treatment process, is a promising field in cancer treatment. In this review, the recent studies on combinational therapy based on chemotherapy will be systematically discussed. Furthermore, as a current trend in cancer treatment, advance in theranostic nanoparticles based on chemotherapy will be exemplified briefly. Finally, the present challenges and improvement tips will be presented in combination therapy and nano-theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhe Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Zhong-Min Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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Kumari K, Keshari S, Sengupta D, Sabat SC, Mishra SK. Transcriptome analysis of genes associated with breast cancer cell motility in response to Artemisinin treatment. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:858. [PMID: 29246124 PMCID: PMC5732364 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3863-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Well-known anti-malarial drug artemisinin exhibits potent anti-cancerous activities. In-vivo and in-vitro studies showed its anti-tumor and immunomodulatory properties signifying it as a potent drug candidate for study. The studies of mechanisms of cell movement are relevant which can be understood by knowing the involvement of genes in an effect of a drug. Although cytotoxicity and anti-proliferative activity of artemisinin is evident, the genes participating in its anti-migratory and reduced invasive effect are not well studied. The present study reports the alteration in the expression of 84 genes involved in cell motility upon artemisinin treatment in MCF-7 breast cancer cells using pathway focused gene expression PCR array. In addition, the effect of artemisinin on epigenetic modifier HDACs is studied. Methods We checked the functional stimulus of artemisinin on cell viability, migration, invasion and apoptosis in breast cancerous cell lines. Using qRT-PCR and western blot, we validated the altered expression of relevant genes associated with proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis and mammary gland development. Results Artemisinin inhibited cell proliferation of estrogen receptor negative breast cancer cells with fewer efficacies in comparison to estrogen receptor positive ones. At the same time, cell viability and proliferation of normal breast epithelial MCF10A cells was un-affected. Artemisinin strongly inhibited cancer cell migration and invasion. Along with orphan nuclear receptors (ERRα, ERRβ and ERRγ), artemisinin altered the ERα/ERβ/PR/Her expression status of MCF-7 cells. The expression of genes involved in the signaling pathways associated with proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis was significantly altered which cooperatively resulted into reduced growth promoting activities of breast cancer cells. Interestingly, artemisinin exhibited inhibitory effect on histone deacetylases (HDACs). Conclusions Upregulated expression of tumor suppressor genes along with reduced expression of oncogenes significantly associated with growth stimulating signaling pathways in response to artemisinin treatment suggests its efficacy as an effective drug in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Kumari
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (Government of India), Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
| | | | | | - Surendra C Sabat
- Molecular biology of abiotic stress, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
| | - Sandip K Mishra
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (Government of India), Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India.
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Efferth T. Cancer combination therapy of the sesquiterpenoid artesunate and the selective EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 37:58-61. [PMID: 29174651 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The shift from cytotoxic to targeted chemotherapy led to improved treatment outcomes in oncology. Nevertheless, many cancer patients cannot be cured from their disease because of the development of drug resistance and side effects. PURPOSE There is an ongoing quest for novel compounds, which raised not only the interest in natural products but also in novel combination therapy regimens. STUDY DESIGN In this review, we report on the inhibition epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by targeted small molecules and their combination with natural products from medicinal plants. RESULTS The combination of erlotinib with artesunate leads to synergistic inhibition of cell growth in isobologram analyses. Artesunate is an approved anti-malaria drug, which is also active against cancer as shown in vitro, in vivo and in preliminary clinical phase I/II trials. CONCLUSION The combination of natural products (e.g. the sesquiterpenoid artesunate) and synthetic compounds (e.g. the small molecule EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib) may lead to improved clinical success rates in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Wong YK, Xu C, Kalesh KA, He Y, Lin Q, Wong WSF, Shen HM, Wang J. Artemisinin as an anticancer drug: Recent advances in target profiling and mechanisms of action. Med Res Rev 2017. [PMID: 28643446 DOI: 10.1002/med.21446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Artemisinin and its derivatives (collectively termed as artemisinins) are among the most important and effective antimalarial drugs, with proven safety and efficacy in clinical use. Beyond their antimalarial effects, artemisinins have also been shown to possess selective anticancer properties, demonstrating cytotoxic effects against a wide range of cancer types both in vitro and in vivo. These effects appear to be mediated by artemisinin-induced changes in multiple signaling pathways, interfering simultaneously with multiple hallmarks of cancer. Great strides have been taken to characterize these pathways and to reveal their anticancer mechanisms of action of artemisinin. Moreover, encouraging data have also been obtained from a limited number of clinical trials to support their anticancer property. However, there are several key gaps in knowledge that continue to serve as significant barriers to the repurposing of artemisinins as effective anticancer agents. This review focuses on important and emerging aspects of this field, highlighting breakthroughs in unresolved questions as well as novel techniques and approaches that have been taken in recent studies. We discuss the mechanism of artemisinin activation in cancer, novel and significant findings with regards to artemisinin target proteins and pathways, new understandings in artemisinin-induced cell death mechanisms, as well as the practical issues of repurposing artemisinin. We believe these will be important topics in realizing the potential of artemisinin and its derivatives as safe and potent anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Kwan Wong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chengchao Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Karunakaran A Kalesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yingke He
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qingsong Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - W S Fred Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jigang Wang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Zare P, Shahbazfar AA, Alem M, Varmaghani S. Effects of coadministration of artemisinin and iron on histopathologicalalterations in the AGS gastric adenocarcinoma cell line. Turk J Med Sci 2017; 47:364-367. [PMID: 28263516 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1507-126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The aim of the present study was to examine the anticancer effects of combination treatment with artemisinin and iron on the human gastric cancer cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS The AGS cell line was cultivated separately as a monolayer in culture flasks and different doses of 99% pure artemisinin with invariable doses of iron sulfate were added to the culture media and adhesive cells on the flask's bottom were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for a pathological assay. RESULTS Damage to cancerous cells increased dose dependently and it was higher in the combination treatment groups (artemisinin plus iron). The histopathological changes were observed specially in the groups with high artemisinin concentration as cell swelling, nucleus swelling, and formation of small and large vacuolization. Necrotic changes as nucleus pyknosis were seen too. Changes in groups receiving both artemisinin and iron gradually became more severe with dose increase. CONCLUSION Pathologic studies showed that the cytotoxic effects of artemisinin were dose dependent and the presence of iron enhanced the artemisinin's anticancer potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payman Zare
- Ali EBRAHIMI KATOULI, Aliasghar PARVARESH ANBAR, Pouria BAHRAMIDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Ali Shahbazfar
- Ali EBRAHIMI KATOULI, Aliasghar PARVARESH ANBAR, Pouria BAHRAMIDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Alem
- Ali EBRAHIMI KATOULI, Aliasghar PARVARESH ANBAR, Pouria BAHRAMIDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Salman Varmaghani
- Ali EBRAHIMI KATOULI, Aliasghar PARVARESH ANBAR, Pouria BAHRAMIDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Design of Drug Delivery Systems Containing Artemisinin and Its Derivatives. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22020323. [PMID: 28230749 PMCID: PMC6155641 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisinin and its derivatives have been reported to be experimentally effective for the treatment of highly aggressive cancers without developing drug resistance, they are useful for the treatment of malaria, other protozoal infections and they exhibit antiviral activity. However, they are limited pharmacologically by their poor bioavailability, short half-life in vivo, poor water solubility and long term usage results in toxicity. They are also expensive for the treatment of malaria when compared to other antimalarials. In order to enhance their therapeutic efficacy, they are incorporated onto different drug delivery systems, thus yielding improved biological outcomes. This review article is focused on the currently synthesized derivatives of artemisinin and different delivery systems used for the incorporation of artemisinin and its derivatives.
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Fröhlich T, Çapcı Karagöz A, Reiter C, Tsogoeva SB. Artemisinin-Derived Dimers: Potent Antimalarial and Anticancer Agents. J Med Chem 2016; 59:7360-88. [PMID: 27010926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of new efficient therapeutics for the treatment of malaria and cancer is an important endeavor. Over the past 15 years, much attention has been paid to the synthesis of dimeric structures, which combine two units of artemisinin, as lead compounds of interest. A wide variety of atemisinin-derived dimers containing different linkers demonstrate improved properties compared to their parent compounds (e.g., circumventing multidrug resistance), making the dimerization concept highly compelling for development of efficient antimalarial and anticancer drugs. The present Perspective highlights recent developments on different types of artemisinin-derived dimers and their structural and functional features. Particular emphasis is put on the respective in vitro and in vivo studies, exploring the role of the length and nature of linkers on the activities of the dimers, and considering the future prospects of the dimerization concept for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Fröhlich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg , Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aysun Çapcı Karagöz
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg , Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Reiter
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg , Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Svetlana B Tsogoeva
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg , Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Udofot O, Affram K, Smith T, Tshabe B, Krishnan S, Sachdeva M, Agyare E. Pharmacokinetic, biodistribution and therapeutic efficacy of 5-fluorouracil-loaded pH-sensitive PEGylated liposomal nanoparticles in HCT-116 tumor bearing mouse. JOURNAL OF NATURE AND SCIENCE 2016; 2:e171. [PMID: 27200415 PMCID: PMC4869888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of 5-FU entrapped pH-sensitive liposomal nanoparticles with surface-modified anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody (pHLNps-5-FU) delivery system. Cytotoxicity of 5-FU and pHLNps-5-FU was determined in vitro against HCT-116 cells. The biodistribution and pharmacokinetic parameters of the administered 5-FU and pHLNps-5-FU as well as efficacy of 5-FU and pHLNps-5-FU were determined in HCT-116 subcutaneous mouse model. Mean size of pHLNp-5-FU was 164.3 ± 8.4 nm with entrapment efficiency (E.E) of 54.17%. While cytotoxicity of 5-FU and pHLNps-5-FU showed a strong dose-dependent, pHLNps-5-FU proved to be more effective (2-3 fold high) than that of 5-FU against HCT-116 cells. Pharmacokinetic study showed a prolonged plasma circulation of pHLNps-5-FU and a more significant body exposure while accumulation of pHLNps-5-FU in tumor was significantly higher than that of free 5-FU. Further, the efficacy of pHLNps-5-FU, was greater than free 5-FU at equivalent 5-FU dose. The study suggests that pHLNps may be an effective drug delivery system to enhance the anticancer activity of 5-FU against colorectal tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofonime Udofot
- Division of Basic Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Kevin Affram
- Division of Basic Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Taylor Smith
- Division of Basic Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Bulumko Tshabe
- Division of Basic Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Sunil Krishnan
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mandip Sachdeva
- Division of Basic Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Edward Agyare
- Division of Basic Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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Masroor M, Mir R, Javid J, Prasant Y, Imtiyaz A, Mariyam Z, Mohan A, Ray PC, Saxena A. Cell Free EGFR mRNA Expression and Implications for Survival and Metastasis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cases. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:6445-9. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.15.6445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Talluri SV, Kuppusamy G, Karri VVSR, Tummala S, Madhunapantula SV. Lipid-based nanocarriers for breast cancer treatment – comprehensive review. Drug Deliv 2015; 23:1291-305. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2015.1092183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Siddartha Venkata Talluri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS University, Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu, India and
| | - Gowthamarajan Kuppusamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS University, Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu, India and
| | | | - Shashank Tummala
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS University, Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu, India and
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Takatani-Nakase T, Takahashi K. [Sesquiterpenoids: phytochemicals for the fight against cancers]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2015; 146:130-4. [PMID: 26354011 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.146.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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27
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Chen J, Zhang W, Zhang M, Guo Z, Wang H, He M, Xu P, Zhou J, Liu Z, Chen Q. Mn(II) mediated degradation of artemisinin based on Fe3O4@MnSiO3-FA nanospheres for cancer therapy in vivo. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:12542-12551. [PMID: 26140326 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr02402a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Artemisinin (ART) is a natural drug with potent anticancer activities related with Fe(2+) mediated cleavage of the endoperoxide bridge in ART. Herein, we reported that Mn(2+) could substitute for Fe(2+) to react with ART and generate toxic products, inducing a much higher anticancer efficiency. On this basis, we prepared pH-responsive Fe3O4@MnSiO3-FA nanospheres which can efficiently deliver hydrophobic ART into tumors in mice models. Mn(2+) was released in acidic tumor environments and intracellular lysosomes, interacting with ART to kill cancer cells. The ART-loaded nanocarriers could suppress tumor growth more efficiently than free ART, which could be further illustrated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Histological analysis revealed that the drug delivery system had no obvious effect on the major organs of mice. ART has been reported to have lower toxicity than chemotherapeutics. The ART-loaded nanocarriers are promising to be used in improving the survival of chemotherapy patients, providing a novel method for clinical tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, CAS High Magnetic Field Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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Zhang YJ, Zhan X, Wang L, Ho RJY, Sasaki T. pH-responsive artemisinin dimer in lipid nanoparticles are effective against human breast cancer in a xenograft model. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:1815-24. [PMID: 25753991 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Artemisinin (ART), a well-known antimalaria drug, also exhibits anticancer activities. We previously reported a group of novel dimeric artemisinin piperazine conjugates (ADPs) possessing pH-dependent aqueous solubility and a proof-of-concept lipid nanoparticle formulation based on natural egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC). EPC may induce allergic reactions in individuals sensitive to egg products. Therefore, the goal of this report is to develop ADP-synthetic lipid particles suitable for in vivo evaluation. We found that ADP binds to 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) with greater than 90% efficiency and forms drug-lipid particles (d ∼ 80 nm). Cryo-electron microscopy of the ADP drug-lipid particles revealed unilamellar vesicle-like structures. Detailed characterization studies show insertion of the ADP lead compound, ADP109, into the DPPC membrane and the presence of an aqueous core. Over 50% of the ADP109 was released in 48 hours at pH4 compared with less than 20% at neutral. ADP109-lipid particles exhibited high potency against human breast cancer, but was tolerated well by nontumorigenic cells. In MDA-MB-231 mouse xenograft model, lipid-bound ADP109 particles were more effective than paclitaxel in controlling tumor growth. Cellular uptake studies showed endocytosis of the nanoparticles and release of core-trapped marker throughout the cytosol at 37°C. These results demonstrate, for the first time, the in vivo feasibility of lipid-bound ART dimer for cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong J Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195
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29
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Chen HJ, Huang XR, Zhou XB, Zheng BY, Huang JD. Potential sonodynamic anticancer activities of artemether and liposome-encapsulated artemether. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:4681-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00927h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The potential application of artemether as a novel sonosensitizer for sonodynamic therapy was explored and illustrated for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jun Chen
- College of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
- China
| | - Xiu-Rong Huang
- College of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
- China
| | - Xiao-Bin Zhou
- College of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
- China
| | - Bi-Yuan Zheng
- College of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
- China
| | - Jian-Dong Huang
- College of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
- China
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30
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ZHU SHUNQIN, LIU WANHONG, KE XIAOXUE, LI JIFU, HU RENJIAN, CUI HONGJUAN, SONG GUANBIN. Artemisinin reduces cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in neuroblastoma. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:1094-100. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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31
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Li Q, Tang Y, Cheng X, Ji J, Zhang J, Zhou X. EGFR protein expression and gene amplification in squamous intraepithelial lesions and squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:733-741. [PMID: 24551297 PMCID: PMC3925921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protein expression and gene amplification of epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) in intraepithelial neoplasias and squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix and to determine the value of EGFR in carcinogenesis, progression, and prognosis of cervical cancer. EGFR protein expression and gene amplification involved gene copy number in 75 cases of cervical various lesions were evaluated using immunohistochemistry and by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques. Expression of EGFR was observed in 76.00% of the high-grade CIN and 79.17% of the invasive carcinomas. In contrast, there were low levels of EGFR expression in chronic cervicitis (1/10) and low-grade CIN (7/16). There were statistically significant differences among them (P<0.05). Gene amplification was detected in 20.51% high-grade CIN and invasive carcinoma, but there only 4.35% EGFR gene amplification was observed in chronic cervicitis and low grade CIN. Among the 42 patients with negative or low levels of EGFR expression, 26 patients (61.90%) were found to have diploidy and 11 patients (26.20%) to have balanced triploidy. However, among the 20 patients with an intermediate and high levels of EGFR protein expression, 13 (65.00%) were found to have balanced polyploidy or gene amplification. All cases of EGFR gene amplification involved intermediate and high levels of protein expression. EGFR may be involved in the carcinogenesis of the cervix and may be an early event during the carcinogenesis. Overexpression of EGFR protein may result from gene amplification and increases in gene copy number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Pathology, Clinical School of Medical College of Nanjing University, Nanjing Jinling HospitalNanjing, China
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Maternity and Children Health Care HospitalNanjing, China
| | - Yongfeng Tang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Maternity and Children Health Care HospitalNanjing, China
| | - Xue Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Maternity and Children Health Care HospitalNanjing, China
| | - Jie Ji
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Maternity and Children Health Care HospitalNanjing, China
| | - Jingmin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Maternity and Children Health Care HospitalNanjing, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Clinical School of Medical College of Nanjing University, Nanjing Jinling HospitalNanjing, China
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Misra A, Conway MF, Johnnie J, Qureshi TM, Lige B, Derrick AM, Agbo EC, Sriram G. Metabolic analyses elucidate non-trivial gene targets for amplifying dihydroartemisinic acid production in yeast. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:200. [PMID: 23898325 PMCID: PMC3724057 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic biology enables metabolic engineering of industrial microbes to synthesize value-added molecules. In this, a major challenge is the efficient redirection of carbon to the desired metabolic pathways. Pinpointing strategies toward this goal requires an in-depth investigation of the metabolic landscape of the organism, particularly primary metabolism, to identify precursor and cofactor availability for the target compound. The potent antimalarial therapeutic artemisinin and its precursors are promising candidate molecules for production in microbial hosts. Recent advances have demonstrated the production of artemisinin precursors in engineered yeast strains as an alternative to extraction from plants. We report the application of in silico and in vivo metabolic pathway analyses to identify metabolic engineering targets to improve the yield of the direct artemisinin precursor dihydroartemisinic acid (DHA) in yeast. First, in silico extreme pathway (ExPa) analysis identified NADPH-malic enzyme and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) as mechanisms to meet NADPH demand for DHA synthesis. Next, we compared key DHA-synthesizing ExPas to the metabolic flux distributions obtained from in vivo (13)C metabolic flux analysis of a DHA-synthesizing strain. This comparison revealed that knocking out ethanol synthesis and overexpressing glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the oxidative PPP (gene YNL241C) or the NADPH-malic enzyme ME2 (YKL029C) are vital steps toward overproducing DHA. Finally, we employed in silico flux balance analysis and minimization of metabolic adjustment on a yeast genome-scale model to identify gene knockouts for improving DHA yields. The best strategy involved knockout of an oxaloacetate transporter (YKL120W) and an aspartate aminotransferase (YKL106W), and was predicted to improve DHA yields by 70-fold. Collectively, our work elucidates multiple non-trivial metabolic engineering strategies for improving DHA yield in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Misra
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of MarylandCollege Park, MD, USA
| | - Matthew F. Conway
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of MarylandCollege Park, MD, USA
| | - Joseph Johnnie
- Institute for Systems Engineering, University of MarylandCollege Park, MD, USA
| | - Tabish M. Qureshi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of MarylandCollege Park, MD, USA
| | - Bao Lige
- Fyodor BiotechnologiesBaltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Ganesh Sriram
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of MarylandCollege Park, MD, USA
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Pothier K, Gustavsen G. Combating complexity: partnerships in personalized medicine. Per Med 2013; 10:387-396. [DOI: 10.2217/pme.13.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We are entering an era of unprecedented complexity in personalized medicine. Therapeutic targets, biomarker detection technologies, regulatory and reimbursement pathways, and commercialization strategies have all reached new levels of intricacy. These complexities are occurring in the context of the current economic environment, in which outsourcing offers a way for innovators to decrease large internal investment. These factors combine to create a perfect setting for a partnership explosion. Now, and as we move into the future, it will be critical for innovators to access outside expertise with a diverse set of partners in order to bring novel personalized medicine products to the market successfully and economically. Only companies that truly embrace this trend and adopt a collaborative approach will emerge successful.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gary Gustavsen
- Health Advances, 9 Riverside Road, Weston, MA 02493, USA
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