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Ku CC, Lin CY, Yang CR, Yang YC, Chen PL, Lin YT, Wang PR, Lee MS, Liang SM, Hsiao PW. Vaccine optimization for highly pathogenic avian influenza: Assessment of antibody responses and protection for virus-like particle vaccines in chickens. Vaccine X 2024; 20:100552. [PMID: 39309609 PMCID: PMC11415583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Recent outbreaks of clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses in regions previously less affected since 2020 have raised global concerns. Implementing mass immunization or ring vaccination in poultry should be a countermeasure ready to contain disease outbreaks. This study focuses on developing a recombinant H5N2 vaccine based on virus-like particles (VLPs) against clade 2.3.4.4c, the predominant HPAI subclade in Taiwan since its emergence, leading to a large outbreak in 2015. Methods The study aimed to confirm the effectiveness of clade 2.3.4.4c H5N2 VLPs in protecting chickens and identify the best adjuvants for the VLP vaccine. We used Montanide 71VG-adjuvanted inactivated RG6 to establish the immunization protocol, followed by prime-boost H5N2-VLP immunizations. We compared adjuvants: 71VG, 71VG with VP3, and Alum with VP3. Serum samples were tested for antibodies against homologous vaccine antigens and cross-clade antigens by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays. Finally, we evaluated the protective efficacy by lethally challenging immunized chickens with H5 viruses from clade 1 or 2.3.4.4c. Results Poultry adjuvant 71VG significantly enhanced antibody responses in chickens with inactivated RG6 compared to unadjuvanted inactivated virus. While increasing antigen dosage enhanced 71VG adjuvanted RG6-induced antibody titers, the vaccine displayed minimal cross-reactivity against locally circulating HPAI H5N2. In contrast, H5N2-VLP containing the HA protein of clade 2.3.4.4c, adjuvanted with (FMDV) VP3 in 71VG, significantly promoted HI antibody responses. All H5N2-VLP immunized chickens survived lethal challenges with the local clade 2.3.4.4c H5 strain. Conclusion The study demonstrated the immunogenic potential of the VLP vaccine in chickens. Our findings offer insights for optimizing VLP vaccines, allowing the incorporation of the HA of currently circulating H5 viruses to effectively mitigate the impact of the rapidly evolving clade 2.3.4.4 H5 outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chi Ku
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Rur Yang
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ling Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Te Lin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ru Wang
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Min-Shi Lee
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Mei Liang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Hsiao
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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Pan TX, Huang HB, Zhang JL, Li JY, Li MH, Zhao DY, Li YN, Zheng W, Ma RG, Wang N, Shi CW, Wang CF, Yang GL. Lactobacillus plantarum surface-displayed Eimeria tenella profilin antigens with FliC flagellin elicit protection against coccidiosis in chickens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102945. [PMID: 37516003 PMCID: PMC10405095 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease in the intestine caused by the genus Eimeria that poses a substantial economic threat to the broiler breeding industry. The misuse of chemoprophylaxis and live oocyst vaccines has a negative impact on chicken reproductivity. Therefore, there is a pressing need to develop safe, convenient, and effective vaccines. Lactic acid bacteria can be used as a means to deliver mucosal vaccines against intestinal pathogens, which is a promising strategy. In this study, a recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) with surface-expressed antigens constructed from the fusion of Eimeria tenella (E. tenella) antigen profilin and the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium flagellin protein FliC was created. After oral immunization with the recombinant L. plantarum, T-cell differentiation was analyzed by flow cytometry, and specific antibody levels were determined via indirect ELISA. Oocyst shedding, body weight, and cecum lesions were assessed as measures of protective immunity after challenge with E. tenella. The results of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of recombinant L. plantarum as an immunization agent for chickens. Specific IgA titers in the intestine and specific IgG antibody titers in the serum were significantly higher in chickens immunized with recombinant L. plantarum (P < 0.001). Additionally, the levels of IL-2 (P < 0.05) and IFN-γ (P < 0.01) in the serum were markedly increased. Recombinant L. plantarum induced T-cell differentiation, resulting in a higher proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in splenocytes (P < 0.001). Fecal oocyst shedding in the immunized group was significantly reduced (P < 0.001). Additionally, recombinant L. plantarum significantly relieved pathological damage in the cecum, as evidenced by lesion scores (P < 0.01) and histopathological cecum sections. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence to support the possibility of using L. plantarum as a promising carrier for the delivery of protective antigens to effectively protect chickens against coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Xu Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hai-Bin Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jia-Lin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jun-Yi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ming-Han Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Dong-Yu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan-Ning Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Rui-Geng Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Chun-Wei Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Chun-Feng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Gui-Lian Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
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Lee Y, Lillehoj HS. Development of a new immunodiagnostic tool for poultry coccidiosis using an antigen-capture sandwich assay based on monoclonal antibodies detecting an immunodominant antigen of Eimeria. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102790. [PMID: 37302331 PMCID: PMC10404777 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to develop an antigen-capture ELISA that detects an immunodominant antigen of Eimeria, 3-1E which is present in all Eimeria species, using a set of 3-1E-specific mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Highly sensitive 3-1E-specific antigen-capture ELISA was established using compatible mAb pairs (#318 and #320) selected from 6 mAbs (#312, #317, #318, #319, #320, and #323) with high binding activity against recombinant 3-1E protein. These anti-3-1E mAbs specifically recognized E. tenella sporozoites and a higher level of 3-1E was detected in the lysate of sporozoites than in sporocysts. Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) using 2 mAbs (#318 and #320) showed specific staining around the membrane of E. tenella sporozoites. In order to measure the changes in the 3-1E level during in coccidiosis, serum, feces, jejunal, and cecal contents were individually collected daily for 7-days postinfection (dpi) with E. maxima and E. tenella. The new ELISA was sensitive and specific for 3-1E detection in all samples collected daily from E. maxima- and E. tenella-infected chickens for a week, and the detection sensitivity ranges were 2 to 5 ng/mL and 1 to 5 ng/mL in serum, 4 to 25 ng/mL and 4 to 30 ng/mL in feces, 1 to 3 ng/mL and 1 to 10 ng/mL in cecal contents, and 3 to 65 ng/mL and 4 to 22 ng/mL in jejunal contents. Following coccidiosis, the overall 3-1E levels started to increase from 4 dpi, and the highest production was shown on 5 dpi. Among the samples collected from Eimeria-infected chickens, the highest detection level was found in the jejunal contents of E. maxima-infected chickens. Furthermore, the level of IFN-γ in serum was significantly (P < 0.05) increased from 3 dpi and peaked on 5 dpi post E. maxima infection. Post E. tenella infection, the level of IFN-γ in serum gradually (P < 0.05) increased from 2 to 5 dpi and plateaued at 7 dpi. The level of TNF-α in serum was rapidly (P < 0.05) increased from 4 dpi and those levels were kept until 7 dpi post both Eimeria infections (E. maxima and E. tenella). More importantly, the daily changes in the 3-1E levels in different samples from E. maxima- and E. tenella-infected chickens were effectively monitored with this new antigen-capture ELISA. Therefore, this new immunoassay is a sensitive diagnostic tool to monitor coccidiosis in a large field population in the commercial poultry farms before clinical symptoms develop using serum, feces, and gut samples during the entire period of infection cycle starting from 1 d after infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsub Lee
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Hyun S Lillehoj
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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4
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Dehnavi M, Haghighat S, Yazdi MH, Mahdavi M. Glucomannan as a polysaccharide adjuvant improved immune responses against Staphylococcus aureus: Potency and efficacy studies. Microb Pathog 2023; 176:106007. [PMID: 36709850 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive bacterium, representing one of the most important nosocomial pathogens. The treatment of infections, caused by S. aureus, has become increasingly intricate due to the emergence of highly resistant strains. Therefore, it is obvious that an effective prevention strategy against this bacterium could significantly decrease such infections. In the present study, the protective efficacy and immunological properties of recombinant autolysin, formulated in Montanide ISA266 and Alum adjuvants with Glucomannan as a polysaccharide, were assessed in the systemic mouse model of infection. Mice were immunized with the purified recombinant protein in various formulations in different groups and, subsequently, mice were challenged with 5 × 108 CFU of bacteria for the evaluation of their survival and bacterial clearances in the internal organs. ELISA was performed to determine the type of induced immunity, cytokine secretion (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-2, and IL-17), and isotyping (IgG1 and IgG2a). In addition, we measured the opsonophagocytic activities of the antibodies. Results showed that immunization with r-autolysin + Alum + Glucomannan and r-autolysin + MontanideISA266+Glucomannan formulations significantly increased total IgG and isotypes (IgG1 and IgG2a), as compared with other vaccinated and control groups. Furthermore, the formulation of r-autolysin in Alum and MontanideISA266 adjuvants with Glucomannan enhanced IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17 cytokine secretion as well as protectivity, following experimental challenge. We concluded that Glucomannan has the potential to induce immune responses and would be used as an adjuvant factor in vaccine formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghdad Dehnavi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setareh Haghighat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Yazdi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunotherapy Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Recombinant Vaccine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mahdavi
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP) Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Coccidiosis: Recent Progress in Host Immunity and Alternatives to Antibiotic Strategies. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020215. [PMID: 35214673 PMCID: PMC8879868 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Coccidiosis is an avian intestinal disease caused by several distinct species of Eimeria parasites that damage the host’s intestinal system, resulting in poor nutrition absorption, reduced growth, and often death. Increasing evidence from recent studies indicates that immune-based strategies such as the use of recombinant vaccines and various dietary immunomodulating feed additives can improve host defense against intracellular parasitism and reduce intestinal damage due to inflammatory responses induced by parasites. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the complex interactions between the host immune system, gut microbiota, enteroendocrine system, and parasites that contribute to the outcome of coccidiosis is necessary to develop logical strategies to control coccidiosis in the post-antibiotic era. Most important for vaccine development is the need to understand the protective role of the local intestinal immune response and the identification of various effector molecules which mediate anti-coccidial activity against intracellular parasites. This review summarizes the current understanding of the host immune response to coccidiosis in poultry and discusses various non-antibiotic strategies which are being developed for coccidiosis control. A better understanding of the basic immunobiology of pertinent host–parasite interactions in avian coccidiosis will facilitate the development of effective anti-Eimeria strategies to mitigate the negative effects of coccidiosis.
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Lee ES, Shim YJ, Chathuranga WAG, Ahn YH, Yoon IJ, Yoo SS, Lee JS. CAvant® WO-60 as an Effective Immunological Adjuvant for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease Vaccine. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:730700. [PMID: 34926633 PMCID: PMC8677964 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.730700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the immunogenicity of vaccines currently used in poultry, several pathogens, including avian influenza virus (AIV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV), cause enormous economic losses to the global poultry industry. The efficacy of vaccines can be improved by the introduction of effective adjuvants. This study evaluated a novel water-in-oil emulsion adjuvant, CAvant® WO-60, which effectively enhanced both the immunogenicity of conserved influenza antigen sM2HA2 and inactivated whole H9N2 antigen (iH9N2). CAvant® WO-60 induced both humoral and cell-mediated immunity in mice and provided 100% protection from challenge with 10 LD50 of A/Aquatic bird/Korea/W81/2005 (H5N2) and A/Chicken/Korea/116/2004 (H9N2) AIV. Importantly, immunization of chickens with iH9N2 plus inactivated NDV LaSota (iNDV) bivalent inactivated vaccine emulsified in CAvant® WO-60 induced seroprotective levels of antigen-specific antibody responses. Taken together, these results suggested that CAvant® WO-60 is a promising adjuvant for poultry vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Seo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Young-Jung Shim
- Choong Ang Vaccine Laboratory Co., Ltd., Daejeon, South Korea
| | | | - Young-Hoon Ahn
- Choong Ang Vaccine Laboratory Co., Ltd., Daejeon, South Korea
| | - In-Joong Yoon
- Choong Ang Vaccine Laboratory Co., Ltd., Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sung-Sik Yoo
- Choong Ang Vaccine Laboratory Co., Ltd., Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
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Lopes PD, Okino CH, Fernando FS, Pavani C, Mariguela VC, Montassier MDFS, Montassier HJ. Comparative Evaluation of Immune Responses and Protection of Chitosan Nanoparticles and Oil-Emulsion Adjuvants in Avian Coronavirus Inactivated Vaccines in Chickens. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9121457. [PMID: 34960203 PMCID: PMC8705532 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9121457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient vaccines are the main strategy to control the avian coronavirus (AvCoV), although several drawbacks related to traditional attenuated and inactivated vaccines have been reported. These counterpoints highlight the importance of developing new alternative vaccines against AvCoV, especially those able to induce long-lasting immune responses. This study evaluated and compared two inactivated vaccines formulated with AvCoV BR-I variants, one composed of chitosan nanoparticles (AvCoV-CS) and the second by Montanide oily adjuvant (AvCoV-O). Both developed vaccines were administered in a single dose or associated with the traditional Mass attenuated vaccine. The AvCoV-CS vaccine administered alone or associated with the Mass vaccine was able to induce strong humoral and cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses and complete protection against IBV virulent infection, wherein single administration was characterized by high IgA antibody levels in the mucosa, whereas when associated with the Mass vaccine, the serum IgG antibody was predominantly observed. On the other hand, single administration of the oily vaccine presented poor humoral and CMI responses and consequently incomplete protection against virulent challenge, but when associated with the Mass vaccine, immune responses were developed, and complete protection against infection was observed. Both of our experimental vaccines were able to induce full protection against virulent IBV challenge. A single dose of AvCoV-CS vaccine was sufficient to achieve complete protection, while AvCoV-O required a previous priming by a Mass strain to complete the protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Diniz Lopes
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil; (F.S.F.); (C.P.); (V.C.M.); (M.d.F.S.M.); (H.J.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Cintia Hiromi Okino
- Embrapa Southeast Livestock, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Canchim Farm, São Carlos 13560-970, Brazil;
| | - Filipe Santos Fernando
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil; (F.S.F.); (C.P.); (V.C.M.); (M.d.F.S.M.); (H.J.M.)
| | - Caren Pavani
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil; (F.S.F.); (C.P.); (V.C.M.); (M.d.F.S.M.); (H.J.M.)
| | - Viviane Casagrande Mariguela
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil; (F.S.F.); (C.P.); (V.C.M.); (M.d.F.S.M.); (H.J.M.)
| | - Maria de Fátima Silva Montassier
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil; (F.S.F.); (C.P.); (V.C.M.); (M.d.F.S.M.); (H.J.M.)
| | - Hélio José Montassier
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil; (F.S.F.); (C.P.); (V.C.M.); (M.d.F.S.M.); (H.J.M.)
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8
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Zhao H, Li C, Zhu S, Zhao Q, Dong H, Huang B, Han H. Molecular characterization and immune protection by cystathionine β-synthase from Eimeria tenella. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2021; 69:e12876. [PMID: 34850487 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Eimeria tenella is an obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite that causes avian coccidiosis and leads to severe economic losses in the global poultry industry. Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CGL) act together to generate H2S in the reverse transsulfuration pathway. In this study, E. tenella Cystathionine β-synthase (EtCBS) was cloned using rapid amplification of cDNA 5'-ends (5'RACE) and characterized, and its immunoprotective effects were evaluated. The recombinant EtCBS protein (rEtCBS) was expressed and successfully recognized by anti-sporozoites (Spz) protein rabbit serum. EtCBS mRNA levels were highest in Spz by qPCR, and the protein expression levels were higher in unsporulated oocysts (UO) than in other stages by Western blot. Indirect immunofluorescence showed that EtCBS protein was found on the surface of Spz and second-generation merozoites (Mrz). The invasion inhibition assays showed that rabbit anti-rEtCBS polyclonal antibodies effectively inhibited parasite invasion host cells. Chickens immunized with rEtCBS protein showed prominently increased weight gains and decreased oocyst output compared to nonimmunized and infected control group. The results suggest that EtCBS could be a potential vaccine candidate against E. tenella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanzhi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunhai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyu Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, China
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Ghadimipour R, Ghorbanpoor M, Gharibi D, Mayahi M, Jabbary AR. Effects of Selected Adjuvants on Immunogenicity and Protectivity of Pasteurella multocida Bacterin Vaccine in Chickens. ARCHIVES OF RAZI INSTITUTE 2021; 76:741-749. [PMID: 35096310 PMCID: PMC8791004 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2020.343103.1495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Avian pasteurellosis (fowl cholera) is an important disease affecting domestic and wild birds all over the world. Although the capsular type A of Pasteurella multocida is mostly involved, other capsular types are occasionally incriminated. The present study aimed at investigating the effect of some adjuvants on immunogenicity and protectivity of P. multocida bacterin in chickens, compared to an Iranian commercial vaccine. Eight-week-old chicken pullets were double vaccinated with an interval of three weeks. Vaccine immunogenicity testing was conducted using an in-house indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and assessing serum antibody titers at 7, 14, and 21 days post-primary and 14 days post-secondary immunization. The possible adverse effects were recorded by a poultry-disease expert. For evaluating the vaccine protection rate, chickens were subjected to 2×Lethal Dose 50%of a virulent P. multocida strain two weeks post-secondary immunization. The rate of live and normal animals was regarded as protection rate 7days after the exposure. The findings showed that oil adjuvants Montanide ISA 70-and Montanide ISA 71-containingvaccines (with or without saponin) caused a powerful immune reaction than the aluminum adjuvanted vaccine and commercial vaccine (P<0.05). Significant protection against challenge was merely induced by the oil adjuvanted vaccines (P<0.05). The majority of the studied chickens showed inflammation at the injection site (yellow) throughout the trial. Vaccines made by Montanide ISA 70 and Montanide ISA 71 are novel and effective inactivated vaccines that are able to cause significant protection to fowl cholera disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ghadimipour
- Department of Research and Development, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Marand, Iran
| | - M Ghorbanpoor
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - D Gharibi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - M Mayahi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - A. R Jabbary
- Pasteurella Research Laboratory, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
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10
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Savoji MA, Sereshgi MMA, Ghahari SMM, Asgarhalvaei F, Mahdavi M. Formulation of HBsAg in Montanide ISA 51VG adjuvant: Immunogenicity study and monitoring long-lived humoral immune responses. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107599. [PMID: 33848910 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Montanide ISA 51VG adjuvant has been approved for human clinical application and stimulates cellular and humoral immune responses. Here, HBsAg was formulated in Montanide ISA51VG adjuvant to compare its potency with the Fendrix and HBsAg-alum vaccines. In particular, the long-term humoral response was assessed up to 220 days after the final immunization. BALB/c mice were allocated into six groups. Treatment groups were injected with HBsAg-Montanide ISA51VG, the Fendrix and commercial HBsAg-alum, respectively. Montanide ISA51 VG, Alum and PBS injected mice were considered as control groups. Mice were immunized three times with 2-week intervals on days 0, 14 and 28 by subcutaneous injection. Lymphocyte proliferation was assessed with the BrdU method. IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-4 cytokines, specific total IgG and IgG1/IgG2a isotypes were assessed using ELISA. The HBsAg-Montanide ISA51VG vaccine resulted in a significant increase in lymphocyte proliferation versus HBsAg-alum and higher IL-2 cytokine production versus the Fendrix. Comparable IL-4 and IFN-γ cytokines responses were observed for these vaccines. Following the first immunization, IgG increased more in HBs-Montanide 51VG group versus the HBs-alum group, while after the second and third shots comparable responses were observed in comparison to the HBs-alum group. Monitoring for 220 days after the final vaccination showed the superiority of HBsAg-Montanide ISA 51VG vaccine versus HBsAg-alum and even the Fendrix vaccine in the induction of long-term antibody responses. This study suggests that HBsAg-Montanide ISA51VG as a novel vaccine formulation can trigger both cellular and long-lasting humoral immune responses more efficiently than conventional HBsAg vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Savoji
- Recombinant Vaccine Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Microbiology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Iran
| | | | | | - Fatemeh Asgarhalvaei
- Recombinant Vaccine Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Microbiology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Iran
| | - Mehdi Mahdavi
- Recombinant Vaccine Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunotherapy Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Mortazavi SS, Haghighat S, Mahdavi M. Recombinant PBP2a of methicillin-resistant S. aureus formulation in Alum and Montanide ISA266 adjuvants induced cellular and humoral immune responses with protection in Balb/C mice. Microb Pathog 2019; 140:103945. [PMID: 31874228 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of both hospital and community acquired infections worldwide. S.aureus can develop multidrug resistance; thus, immunotherapy can be a rational alternative. High level β-lactam resistance of S. aureus has been attributed to the penicillin binding protein 2a (PBP2a). In this study, we assessed the immunogenicity and protectivity of PBP2a formulated in Montanide ISA266 and Alum adjuvants. Recombinant PBP2a with a molecular weight of approximately 13 kDa was expressed and purified by nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (NI-NTA) affinity chromatography and characterized by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. To investigate the immunogenicity and protective effects of recombinant protein, 20 μg of r-PBP2a in various formulations were subcutaneously injected in different groups. Two booster vaccinations were carried out in two-week intervals and blood samples were collected two weeks after each injection. To determine the type of induced immune response, sera and splenocytes were analyzed by ELISA for total IgG and isotypes (IgG1 and IgG2a) and cytokine secretion (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17 and TNF-α), respectively. Three weeks following the last immunization, experimental mice were challenged with 5 × 108 CFU of bacteria intraperitoneally and mortality rate and bacterial load were assessed. Interestingly, analysis of humoral immune responses revealed that administration of r-PBP2a with Montanide ISA266 significantly increased specific IgG responses and also IgG1 isotype compared to alum-adjuvanted vaccine group. Also, r-PBP2a formulation with alum and MontanideISA266 adjuvants raised IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17 cytokines secretion, and protectivity following experimental challenge. The results of the present study provide evidences for immunogenicity and protectivity of PBP2a protein as a vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Shadi Mortazavi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setareh Haghighat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Mahdavi
- Recombinant Vaccine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Zhao H, Zhao Q, Zhu S, Huang B, Lv L, Liu G, Li Z, Wang L, Dong H, Han H. Molecular characterization and immune protection of an AN1-like zinc finger protein of Eimeria tenella. Parasitol Res 2019; 119:623-635. [PMID: 31758298 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06545-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Coccidiosis is caused by multiple species of the apicomplexan protozoa Eimeria. Among them, Eimeria tenella is frequently considered to be the most pathogenic. Zinc finger proteins (ZnFPs) are a type of protein containing zinc finger domains. In the present study, a putative Eimeria tenella AN1-like ZnFP (E. tenella AN1-like zinc finger domain-containing protein, putative partial mRNA, EtAN1-ZnFP) was cloned and characterized, and its immune protective effects were evaluated. The 798-bp ORF sequence of EtAN1-ZnFP that encoded a protein of approximately 27.0 kDa was obtained. The recombinant EtAN1-ZnFP protein (rEtAN1-ZnFP) was expressed in Escherichia coli. Western blot analysis showed that the recombinant protein was recognized by the anti-GST monoclonal antibody and anti-sporozoite protein rabbit serum. qPCR analysis revealed that EtAN1-ZnFP was highly expressed in unsporulated oocysts and sporozoites. Immunostaining with an anti-rEtAN1-ZnFP antibody indicated that EtAN1-ZnFP was uniformly distributed in the cytoplasm of sporozoites, except for the refractive body; furthermore, this protein was evenly distributed in the cytoplasm of immature schizonts but seldom distributed in mature schizonts. The results of the in vitro invasion inhibition assay indicated that the antibodies against rEtAN1-ZnFP efficiently reduced the ability of E. tenella sporozoites to invade host cells. Animal challenge experiments demonstrated that the chickens immunized with rEtAN1-ZnFP protein significantly decreased mean lesion scores and fecal oocyst output compared with challenged control group. The results suggest that EtAN1-ZnFP can induce partial immune protection against infection with E. tenella and could be an effective candidate for the development of new vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanzhi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Qiping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Shunhai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Bing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ling Lv
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Guiling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, 200241, China.,College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Zhihang Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, 200241, China.,College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Hongyu Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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13
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Price DRG, Küster T, Øines Ø, Oliver EM, Bartley K, Nunn F, Lima Barbero JF, Pritchard J, Karp-Tatham E, Hauge H, Blake DP, Tomley FM, Nisbet AJ. Evaluation of vaccine delivery systems for inducing long-lived antibody responses to Dermanyssus gallinae antigen in laying hens. Avian Pathol 2019; 48:S60-S74. [PMID: 31032631 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2019.1612514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Dermanyssus gallinae, the poultry red mite, is a global threat to the commercial egg-laying industry. Control of D. gallinae is difficult, with only a limited number of effective pesticides and non-chemical treatments available. Here, we characterize the candidate vaccine antigen D. gallinae cathepsin D-1 (Dg-CatD-1) and demonstrate that purified refolded recombinant Dg-Cat-D1 (rDg-CatD-1) is an active aspartyl proteinase which digests haemoglobin with a pH optimum of pH 4. Soluble protein extracts from D. gallinae also have haemoglobinase activity, with a pH optimum comparable to the recombinant protein, and both proteinase activities were inhibited by the aspartyl proteinase inhibitor Pepstatin A. Enzyme activity and the ubiquitous localization of Dg-CatD-1 protein in sections of adult female mites is consistent with Dg-CatD-1 being a lysosomal proteinase. Using Dg-CatD-1 as a model vaccine antigen, we compared vaccine delivery methods in laying hens via vaccination with: (i) purified rDg-CatD-1 with Montanide™ ISA 71 VG adjuvant; (ii) recombinant DNA vaccines for expression of rDg-CatD-1 and (iii) transgenic coccidial parasite Eimeria tenella expressing rDg-CatD-1. In two independent trials, only birds vaccinated with rDg-CatD-1 with Montanide™ ISA 71 VG produced a strong and long-lasting serum anti-rDg-Cat-D1 IgY response, which was significantly higher than that in control birds vaccinated with adjuvant only. Furthermore, we showed that egg-laying rates of D. gallinae mites fed on birds vaccinated with rDg-CatD-1 in Montanide™ ISA 71 VG was reduced significantly compared with mites fed on unvaccinated birds. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Dermanyssus gallinae cathepsin D-1 (Dg-CatD-1) digests haemoglobin Vaccination of hens with rDg-CatD-1 in Montanide™ ISA 71 VG results in long-lasting IgY levels Serum anti-rDg-CatD-1 antibodies reduce egg laying in D. gallinae after a single blood meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R G Price
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Tatiana Küster
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College , North Mymms , UK
| | | | | | - Kathryn Bartley
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Francesca Nunn
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park , Edinburgh , UK
| | | | - James Pritchard
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College , North Mymms , UK
| | - Eleanor Karp-Tatham
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College , North Mymms , UK
| | | | - Damer P Blake
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College , North Mymms , UK
| | - Fiona M Tomley
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College , North Mymms , UK
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14
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Savoji MA, Haghighat S, Mirzaee M, Golkaran B, Mirzaee R, Esfandiari B, Mahdavi M. Formulation of HBs antigen in Montanide ISA266 shows superiority to commercial HBsAg vaccine in the induction of humoral immune responses. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2019; 12:292-300. [PMID: 31749917 PMCID: PMC6820835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
AIM In the present study, a new formulation of HBsAg vaccine was developed and compared with a commercial peer. BACKGROUND Vaccination of hepatitis B infection has been an unavoidable affair since the 1980s, though it has numerous limitations such as inefficacy in the induction of cellular immune responses. To address these limitations, research on novel formulations is necessary to develop a superior formulation with the potency of induction of both cellular and humoral immune responses. METHODS HBsAg was formulated in oil-in-water adjuvant Montanide ISA-266 (5 µg/dose) using homogenizer. Balb/C mice were then immunized three times at days 0, 14, and 28 with HBsAg/Montanide ISA-266 or HBsAg/alum with proper control groups. Two weeks after the last immunization, immunological parameters including IL-2, IL-4, TNF-α, IFN-γ, total IgG and IgG1/IgG2a isotypes were assessed by ELISA. RESULTS The results demonstrated that the formulation of HBsAg with Montanide ISA-266 enhanced humoral immune responses versus the commercial vaccine and control groups. No significant difference in terms of Th1 pattern was found between HBsAg/Montanide ISA-266 and the commercial vaccine. CONCLUSION Formulation of HBsAg with an oil-based adjuvant may be useful for the induction of a more potent humoral immune response compared to the commercially available HBV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Savoji
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences & Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setareh Haghighat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences & Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Mirzaee
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences & Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Golkaran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences & Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rayhaneh Mirzaee
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences & Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Esfandiari
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran,Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mahdavi
- Recombinant Vaccine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,Immunotherapy Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Beta-propiolactone inactivated bivalent bluetongue virus vaccine containing Montanide ISA-71VG adjuvant induces long-term immune response in sheep against serotypes 4 and 16 even after 3 years of controlled vaccine storage. Vet Microbiol 2018; 226:23-30. [PMID: 30389040 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed and evaluated the beta-propiolactone inactivated bivalent bluetongue virus (BTV) serotypes 4 and 16 vaccine delivered with Montanide™ ISA-71VG adjuvant. The safety, stability and immunological profile of the fresh and after three years of long-term storage of the vaccine formulation was analyzed. We observed after long-term storage that the vaccine emulsion was stable as indicated by unchanged pH and viscosity. The stored vaccine formulation induced virus neutralizing antibodies (VNA) in sheep against both the bluetongue virus serotypes at 7-10 day post-vaccination (dpv). VNA titers reached the peak by 60 dpv and detectable during the entire study period. Antibodies against bluetongue virus structural protein VP7 were detected by ELISA in all BTV vaccinated experimental animal groups. Partial clinical protection was observed in vaccinates against challenge virulent BTV-4 and BTV-16 serotypes by 10 dpv, while complete protection was observed at 14 dpv. The levels of viremia was decreased in challenged sheep by 10 dpv while the viremia was undetectable by 14 dpv. In summary, our newly formulated bivalent BTV (BTV-4 and BTV-16) vaccine delivered with Montanide™ ISA-71VG adjuvant was found safe and stable for over three years and induced protective response in sheep.
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16
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Meunier M, Guyard-Nicodème M, Vigouroux E, Poezevara T, Béven V, Quesne S, Amelot M, Parra A, Chemaly M, Dory D. A DNA prime/protein boost vaccine protocol developed against Campylobacter jejuni for poultry. Vaccine 2018; 36:2119-2125. [PMID: 29555216 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination of broilers is one of the potential ways to decrease Campylobacter intestinal loads and therefore may reduce human disease incidence. Despite many studies, no efficient vaccine is available yet. Using the reverse vaccinology strategy, we recently identified new vaccine candidates whose immune and protective capacities need to be evaluated in vivo. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to develop and evaluate an avian subunit vaccine protocol for poultry against Campylobacter jejuni. For this, flagellin was used as vaccine antigen candidate. A DNA prime/protein boost regimen was effective in inducing a massive protective immune response against C. jejuni in specific pathogen free Leghorn chickens. Contrastingly, the same vaccine regimen stimulated the production of antibodies against Campylobacter in conventional Ross broiler chickens harbouring maternally derived antibodies against Campylobacter, but not the control of C. jejuni colonization. These results highlight the strength of the vaccine protocol in inducing protective immunity and the significance of the avian strain and/or immune status in the induction of this response. Nevertheless, as such the vaccine protocol is not efficient in broilers to induce protection and has to be adapted; this has been done in one of our recent published work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Meunier
- GVB - Viral Genetics and Biosafety Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France; HQPAP - Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France.
| | - Muriel Guyard-Nicodème
- HQPAP - Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France.
| | - Estelle Vigouroux
- GVB - Viral Genetics and Biosafety Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France.
| | - Typhaine Poezevara
- HQPAP - Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France.
| | - Véronique Béven
- GVB - Viral Genetics and Biosafety Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France.
| | - Ségolène Quesne
- HQPAP - Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France.
| | - Michel Amelot
- SELEAC - Avian Breeding and Experimental Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France.
| | | | - Marianne Chemaly
- HQPAP - Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France.
| | - Daniel Dory
- GVB - Viral Genetics and Biosafety Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France.
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Mansilla FC, Capozzo AV. Apicomplexan profilins in vaccine development applied to bovine neosporosis. Exp Parasitol 2017; 183:64-68. [PMID: 29080789 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Neospora caninum, an intracellular protozoan parasite from the phylum Apicomplexa, is the etiologic agent of neosporosis, a disease considered as a major cause of reproductive loss in cattle and neuromuscular disease in dogs. Bovine neosporosis has a great economic impact in both meat and dairy industries, related to abortion, premature culling and reduced milk yields. Although many efforts have been made to restrain bovine neosporosis, there are still no efficacious control methods. Many vaccine-development studies focused in the apicomplexan proteins involved in the adhesion and invasion of the host cell. Among these proteins, profilins have recently emerged as potential vaccine antigens or even adjuvant candidates for several diseases caused by apicomplexan parasites. Profilins bind Toll-like receptors 11 and 12 initiating MyD88 signaling, that triggers IL-12 and IFN-γ production, which may promote protection against infection. Here we summarized the state-of-the-art of novel vaccine development based on apicomplexan profilins applied as antigens or adjuvants, and delved into recent advances on N. caninum vaccines using profilin in the mouse model and in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia C Mansilla
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, INTA Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Alejandra V Capozzo
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, INTA Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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18
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Passive immunization with Eimeria tenella gametocyte antigen 56 (EtGAM56) specific antibodies and active immunization trial with the epitope containing peptide. Vet Parasitol 2017; 247:100-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Protection against infectious bronchitis virus by spike ectodomain subunit vaccine. Vaccine 2017; 35:5864-5871. [PMID: 28899630 PMCID: PMC7111290 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Strep-tagged trimeric recombinant IBV S1 and S-ectodomain proteins were produced. Recombinant S-ectodomain has improved binding to tissues compared to S1 protein. Immunization with S-ectodomain confers effective protection against IBV challenge.
The avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) S1 subunit of the spike (S) glycoprotein mediates viral attachment to host cells and the S2 subunit is responsible for membrane fusion. Using IBV Arkansas-type (Ark) S protein histochemistry, we show that extension of S1 with the S2 ectodomain improves binding to chicken tissues. Although the S1 subunit is the major inducer of neutralizing antibodies, vaccination with S1 protein has been shown to confer inadequate protection against challenge. The demonstrated contribution of S2 ectodomain to binding to chicken tissues suggests that vaccination with the ectodomain might improve protection compared to vaccination with S1 alone. Therefore, we immunized chickens with recombinant trimeric soluble IBV Ark-type S1 or S-ectodomain protein produced from codon-optimized constructs in mammalian cells. Chickens were primed at 12 days of age with water-in-oil emulsified S1 or S-ectodomain proteins, and then boosted 21 days later. Challenge was performed with virulent Ark IBV 21 days after boost. Chickens immunized with recombinant S-ectodomain protein showed statistically significantly (P < 0.05) reduced viral loads 5 days post-challenge in both tears and tracheas compared to chickens immunized with recombinant S1 protein. Consistent with viral loads, significantly reduced (P < 0.05) tracheal mucosal thickness and tracheal lesion scores revealed that recombinant S-ectodomain protein provided improved protection of tracheal integrity compared to S1 protein. These results indicate that the S2 domain has an important role in inducing protective immunity. Thus, including the S2 domain with S1 might be promising for better viral vectored and/or subunit vaccine strategies.
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20
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Lone NA, Spackman E, Kapczynski D. Immunologic evaluation of 10 different adjuvants for use in vaccines for chickens against highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. Vaccine 2017; 35:3401-3408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Mansilla FC, Quintana ME, Cardoso NP, Capozzo AV. Fusion of foreign T-cell epitopes and addition of TLR agonists enhance immunity againstNeospora caninumprofilin in cattle. Parasite Immunol 2016; 38:663-669. [DOI: 10.1111/pim.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. C. Mansilla
- INTA-Instituto de Virología. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - M. E. Quintana
- INTA-Instituto de Virología. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas; Buenos Aires Argentina
- CONICET. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - N. P. Cardoso
- INTA-Instituto de Virología. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas; Buenos Aires Argentina
- CONICET. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - A. V. Capozzo
- INTA-Instituto de Virología. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas; Buenos Aires Argentina
- CONICET. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Buenos Aires Argentina
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Identification and characterization of profilin antigen among Babesia species as a common vaccine candidate against babesiosis. Exp Parasitol 2016; 166:29-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2016.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mansilla FC, Quintana ME, Langellotti C, Wilda M, Martinez A, Fonzo A, Moore DP, Cardoso N, Capozzo AV. Immunization with Neospora caninum profilin induces limited protection and a regulatory T-cell response in mice. Exp Parasitol 2015; 160:1-10. [PMID: 26551412 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Profilins are actin-binding proteins that regulate the polymerization of actin filaments. In apicomplexan parasites, they are essential for invasion. Profilins also trigger the immune response of the host by activating TLRs on dendritic cells (DCs), inducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this study we characterized for the first time the immune response and protection elicited by a vaccine based on Neospora caninum profilin in mice. Groups of eight BALB/c mice received either two doses of a recombinant N. caninum profilin expressed in Escherichia coli. (rNcPRO) or PBS, both formulated with an aqueous soy-based adjuvant enriched in TLR-agonists. Specific anti-profilin antibodies were detected in rNcPRO-vaccinated animals, mainly IgM and IgG3, which were consumed after infection. Splenocytes from rNcPRO-immunized animals proliferated after an in vitro stimulation with rNcPRO before and after challenge. An impairment of the cellular response was observed in NcPRO vaccinated and infected mice following an in vitro stimulation with native antigens of N. caninum, related to an increase in the percentage of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+. Two out of five rNcPRO-vaccinated challenged mice were protected; they were negative for parasite DNA in the brain and showed no histopathological lesions, which were found in all PBS-vaccinated animals. As a whole, our results provide evidence of a regulatory response elicited by immunization with rNcPRO, and suggest a role of profilin in the modulation and/or evasion of immune responses against N. caninum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Celeste Mansilla
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Quintana
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Langellotti
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano Wilda
- Tecnovax S.A, Luis Viale 2835, 1416 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Martinez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. César Milstein, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana Fonzo
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. César Milstein, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dadín Prando Moore
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria, INTA Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nancy Cardoso
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Victoria Capozzo
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Klimka A, Michels L, Glowalla E, Tosetti B, Krönke M, Krut O. Montanide ISA 71 VG is Advantageous to Freund's Adjuvant in Immunization AgainstS. aureusInfection of Mice. Scand J Immunol 2015; 81:291-7. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Klimka
- Institute of Medical Microbiology; Immunology and Hygiene; University Hospital Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - L. Michels
- Institute of Medical Microbiology; Immunology and Hygiene; University Hospital Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - E. Glowalla
- Institute of Medical Microbiology; Immunology and Hygiene; University Hospital Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - B. Tosetti
- Institute of Medical Microbiology; Immunology and Hygiene; University Hospital Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - M. Krönke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology; Immunology and Hygiene; University Hospital Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - O. Krut
- Institute of Medical Microbiology; Immunology and Hygiene; University Hospital Cologne; Cologne Germany
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Kim DK, Won KH, Moon SH, Lee HK. Identification of Molecular Signatures from Different Vaccine Adjuvants in Chicken by Integrative Analysis of Microarray Data. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2015; 29:1044-51. [PMID: 26954188 PMCID: PMC4932582 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.14.0923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study compared the differential functions of two groups of adjuvants, Montanide incomplete Seppic adjuvant (ISA) series and Quil A, cholesterol, dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide, and Carbopol (QCDC) formulations, in chicken by analyzing published microarray data associated with each type of vaccine adjuvants. In the biological function analysis for differentially expressed genes altered by two different adjuvant groups, ISA series and QCDC formulations showed differential effects when chickens were immunized with a recombinant immunogenic protein of Eimeria. Among the biological functions, six categories were modified in both adjuvant types. However, with respect to “Response to stimulus”, no biological process was modified by the two adjuvant groups at the same time. The QCDC adjuvants showed effects on the biological processes (BPs) including the innate immune response and the immune response to the external stimulus such as toxin and bacterium, while the ISA adjuvants modified the BPs to regulate cell movement and the response to stress. In pathway analysis, ISA adjuvants altered the genes involved in the functions related with cell junctions and the elimination of exogenous and endogenous macromolecules. The analysis in the present study could contribute to the development of precise adjuvants based on molecular signatures related with their immunological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyeong Hye Won
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Moon
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
| | - Hak-Kyo Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
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Garai P, Gogoi M, Gopal G, Radhakrishnan Y, Nandakumar KS, Chakravortty D. The basics and advances of immunomodulators and antigen presentation: a key to development of potent memory response against pathogens. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 14:1383-97. [PMID: 24897303 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.925871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunomodulators are agents, which can modulate the immune response to specific antigens, while causing least toxicity to the host system. Being part of the modern vaccine formulations, these compounds have contributed remarkably to the field of therapeutics. Despite the successful record maintained by these agents, the requirement of novel immunomodulators keeps increasing due to the increasing severity of diseases. Hence, research regarding the same holds great importance. AREAS COVERED In this review, we discuss the role of immunomodulators in improving performance of various vaccines used for counteracting most threatening infectious diseases, mechanisms behind their action and criteria for development of novel immunomodulators. EXPERT OPINION Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying immune response is a prerequisite for development of effective therapeutics as these are often exploited by pathogens for their own propagation. Keeping this in mind, the present research in the field of immunotherapy focuses on developing immunomodulators that would not only enhance the protection against pathogen, but also generate a long-term memory response. With the introduction of advanced formulations including combination of different kinds of immunomodulators, one can expect tremendous success in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Garai
- Indian Institute of Science, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology , Bangalore, 560012 , India +91 80 2293 2842 ; +91 80 2360 2697 ;
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Li WC, Zhang XK, Du L, Pan L, Gong PT, Li JH, Yang J, Li H, Zhang XC. Eimeria maxima: efficacy of recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG expressing apical membrane antigen1 against homologous infection. Parasitol Res 2013; 112:3825-33. [PMID: 23949244 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-013-3570-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Coccidiosis is one of the most important protozoan diseases and inflicts severe economic losses on the poultry industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) to deliver apical membrane antigen1 (AMA1) of Eimeria maxima to stimulate specific cellular and humoral immune responses in chickens. Day-old birds were immunized twice with rBCG/pMV261-AMA1, rBCG/pMV361-AMA1, or BCG via oral, intranasal, and subcutaneous routes and then orally challenged with homologous E. maxima sporulated oocysts. Gain of body weight, fecal oocyst output, lesion scores, serum antibody responses, numbers of splenocyte CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, and gut cytokine transcript levels were assessed as measures of protective immunity. Challenge experiments demonstrated that rBCG vaccination via intranasal or subcutaneous routes could increase weight gain, decrease intestinal lesions, and reduce fecal oocyst shedding, and the subcutaneous and intranasal routes were superior to the oral route based on the immune effects. Furthermore, intranasal rBCG immunization could also lead to a significant increase in serum antibody, the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte cells, and the levels of IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-15, and IL-10 mRNAs compared with the control group. These results suggested that intranasal rBCG immunization could induce a strong humoral and cellular response directed against homologous E. maxima infection. This study provides data for the use of rBCG to develop a prophylactic vaccine against coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chao Li
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
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