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Beltrán A, Sánchez-Villalobos M, Salido E, Algueró C, Campos E, Pérez-Oliva AB, Blanquer M, Moraleda JM. Flow Cytometry as a New Accessible Method to Evaluate Diagnostic Osmotic Changes in Patients with Red Blood Cell Membrane Defects. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1607. [PMID: 39062184 PMCID: PMC11274888 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is a membranopathy that impacts the vertical junctions between the cytoskeleton and the plasma membrane of erythrocytes. The gold standard method for diagnosing it is osmotic gradient ektacytometry (OGE). However, access to this technique is scarce. We have devised a straightforward approach utilizing flow cytometry to quantify variations in an osmotic gradient, relying on FSC-H/SSC-H patterns. We studied 14 patients (9 pediatric, 5 adults) and 54 healthy controls (16 pediatric, 38 adults). After assessing the behavior of the samples in several osmolar gradients we selected for the study the 176, 308, and 458 mOsm/kg levels as hypo-osmolar, iso-osmolar, and hyper-osmolar references. We then selected the iso-osmolar point for assessment to determine its efficacy in discriminating between patient and control groups using a receiver operating characteristic curve. In the pediatric group, the area under the curve (AUC) was 1.0, indicating 100% sensitivity and 93.3% specificity. Conversely, in the adult group, the AUC was 0.98, with 80% sensitivity and 90.9% specificity. We introduce a method that is easily replicable and demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity. This technique could prove valuable in the diagnosis of spherocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asunción Beltrán
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)—Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (E.C.); (A.B.P.-O.); (J.M.M.)
| | - María Sánchez-Villalobos
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (E.S.); (C.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Eduardo Salido
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (E.S.); (C.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Carmen Algueró
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (E.S.); (C.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Eulalia Campos
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)—Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (E.C.); (A.B.P.-O.); (J.M.M.)
| | - Ana Belén Pérez-Oliva
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)—Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (E.C.); (A.B.P.-O.); (J.M.M.)
| | - Miguel Blanquer
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (E.S.); (C.A.); (M.B.)
| | - José M. Moraleda
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)—Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (E.C.); (A.B.P.-O.); (J.M.M.)
- Hematología, Trasplante Hematopoyético y Terapia Celular, Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, 30001 Murcia, Spain
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Scussel R, Feltrin AC, Angioletto E, Galvani NC, Fagundes MÍ, Bernardin AM, Feuser PE, de Ávila RAM, Pich CT. Ecotoxic, genotoxic, and cytotoxic potential of leachate obtained from chromated copper arsenate-treated wood ashes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:41247-41260. [PMID: 35089511 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18413-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Preservative treatments increase the durability of wood, and one of the alternative treatments involves the use of chromated copper arsenate (CCA). Due to the toxicity of CCA, the disposal of CCA-treated wood residues is problematic, and burning is considered to provide a solution. The ecotoxicological potential of ash can be high when these components are toxic and mutagenic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity and genotoxicity of bottom ash leachates originating from CCA-treated wood burning. Physical-chemical analysis of the leachates revealed that in treated wood ashes leachate (CCA-TWBAL), the contents of arsenic and chromium were 59.45 mg.L-1 and 54.28 mg.L-1, respectively. In untreated wood ashes leachate (UWBAL), these contents were 0.70 mg.L-1 and 0.30 mg.L-1, respectively. CCA-TWBAL caused significant toxicity in Lactuca sativa, Allium cepa, and microcrustacean Artemia spp. (LC50 = 12.12 mg.mL-1). Comet assay analyses using NIH3T3 cells revealed that concentrations ranging from 1.0 and 2.5 mg.mL-1 increase the damage frequency (DF) and damage index (DI). According to MTT assay results, CCA-TWBAL at concentrations as low as 1 mg.mL-1 caused a significant decrease in cellular viability. Hemolysis assay analyses suggest that the arsenic and chromium leachate contents are important for the ecotoxic, cytotoxic, and genotoxic effects of CCA-TWBAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahisa Scussel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Energia e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, R. Pedro João Pereira, Mato Alto, Araranguá, SC, 88905-120, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Feltrin
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Biomateriais e Materiais Antimicrobianos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Iparque - Parque Científico e Tecnológico, Rod. Gov. Jorge Lacerda, Sangão, 3800 CEP, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Elidio Angioletto
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Biomateriais e Materiais Antimicrobianos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Iparque - Parque Científico e Tecnológico, Rod. Gov. Jorge Lacerda, Sangão, 3800 CEP, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil.
| | - Nathalia Coral Galvani
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Avenida Universitária, Universitário, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Mírian Ívens Fagundes
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Avenida Universitária, Universitário, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Adriano Michael Bernardin
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Biomateriais e Materiais Antimicrobianos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Iparque - Parque Científico e Tecnológico, Rod. Gov. Jorge Lacerda, Sangão, 3800 CEP, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Emilio Feuser
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Avenida Universitária, Universitário, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Andrez Machado de Ávila
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Avenida Universitária, Universitário, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Claus Tröger Pich
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Energia e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, R. Pedro João Pereira, Mato Alto, Araranguá, SC, 88905-120, Brazil
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Ameri Z, Farsinejad A, Vahidi R, Sheikh Rezaei
Z, Khaleghi M, Parvizi P, Moghadari M. Band 3 Protein: An Effective Interrogation Tool of Storage Lesions in RBC Units. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2021; 38:373-380. [PMID: 35496977 PMCID: PMC9001803 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-021-01447-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the changes in different parameters related to the storage time of red blood cell (RBC) units. Microscopic, flow cytometric, and electrophoretic assessments were employed every few days for 60 days to investigate the alterations in morphology, size, phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, and membrane proteins over time. Morphological transformation from discocytes to spherocytes progressed as the storage time increased, which was accompanied by an increment of cellular size. However, this storage period did not result in the externalization of significant amounts of PS (p > 0.05). Mean Fluorescence Intensity (MFI) values increased by 11% to 23% between days 21 and 35 compared to the day 1 sample (p < 0.001). By day 60, the MFI decreased to about 70% of the day 1 sample. The analysis of membrane proteins' distribution showed a significant drop in band 3 expression after 35 days (p < 0.05 and 0.001 on days 42 and 60, respectively); however, no significant change was observed up to five weeks (p > 0.05). The inconsistency observed between Eosin-5-Maleimide (5-EMA) binding and the relative band 3 content could be due to additional accessibility of 5-EMA to hidden domains of other membrane proteins on RBCs as a result of increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and changes in morphology. Overall, our present study represents a step-wise and time-dependent series of events that progressively affects stored RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ameri
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Comprehensive Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Alireza Farsinejad
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Comprehensive Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Reza Vahidi
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Sheikh Rezaei
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Morteza Khaleghi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Poorya Parvizi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoud Moghadari
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Drvenica I, Mojsilović S, Stančić A, Marković D, Kovačić M, Maslovarić I, Rapajić I, Vučetić D, Ilić V. The effects of incubation media on the assessment of the shape of human erythrocytes by flow cytometry: a contribution to mathematical data interpretation to enable wider application of the method. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2021; 50:829-846. [PMID: 33813598 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-021-01527-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Flow cytometry (FC) analysis of erythrocyte shape and related biomechanical properties, such as osmotic fragility, have not moved from a research tool to regular clinical testing. The main reason is existing evidence that various pre-analytical factors influence the mathematical interpretation of the data obtained. With an aim to contribute to the standardization and broaden the use of FC for human erythrocyte shape assessment, freshly prepared peripheral blood erythrocytes isolated from healthy donors were incubated in iso and hypo-osmotic solutions (pure saline, saline with potassium and calcium, and phosphate buffered saline) and examined by FC using values of forward scatter (FSC) and side scatter (SSC). Kurtosis, skewness, Pearson's second skewness coefficient of dissymmetry (PCD), and spherical index, calculated from FSC distributions, were used for the erythrocyte shape evaluation. In all isotonic media FSC distribution and FSC-based morphology parameters showed huge inter-individual and inter-medium variation. With decreasing osmolality, in all media and samples, the size of the erythrocytes increased, and swelling index and kurtosis decreased. However, changes in skewness and PCD were influenced by the medium used and the sample tested. Compared to FSC, SSC signal in isotonic and its change in hypotonic media showed lower inter-individual variation and was not influenced by the type of medium. We propose a spherical index and kurtosis as FSC-based indicators of erythrocyte shape. As more resistant to the influence of the preanalytical treatment, SSC data appeared to be unfairly neglected for the assessment of erythrocyte shape, in comparison to the usually employed FSC data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Drvenica
- Group for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, dr Subotića 4, POB 39, 11129, Belgrade 102, Serbia.
| | - Slavko Mojsilović
- Group for Hematology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Stančić
- Group for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, dr Subotića 4, POB 39, 11129, Belgrade 102, Serbia
| | - Dragana Marković
- Group for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, dr Subotića 4, POB 39, 11129, Belgrade 102, Serbia
| | - Marijana Kovačić
- Group for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, dr Subotića 4, POB 39, 11129, Belgrade 102, Serbia
| | - Irina Maslovarić
- Group for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, dr Subotića 4, POB 39, 11129, Belgrade 102, Serbia
| | - Ivana Rapajić
- Group for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, dr Subotića 4, POB 39, 11129, Belgrade 102, Serbia
| | - Dušan Vučetić
- Institute for Transfusiology and Hemobiology of the Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia.,Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Ilić
- Group for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, dr Subotića 4, POB 39, 11129, Belgrade 102, Serbia
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Feuser PE, Chiaradia V, Galvani NC, Scussel R, Machado-de-Ávila RA, de Oliveira D, Hermes de Araújo PH, Sayer C. In vitro cytotoxicity and hyperthermia studies of superparamagnetic poly(urea-urethane) nanoparticles obtained by miniemulsion polymerization in human erythrocytes and NIH3T3 and HeLa cells. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2020.1725763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Emilio Feuser
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Viviane Chiaradia
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Coral Galvani
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciuma, Brazil
| | - Rahisa Scussel
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciuma, Brazil
| | | | - Débora de Oliveira
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Pedro H. Hermes de Araújo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Claudia Sayer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Gienger J, Gross H, Ost V, Bär M, Neukammer J. Assessment of deformation of human red blood cells in flow cytometry: measurement and simulation of bimodal forward scatter distributions. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:4531-4550. [PMID: 31565508 PMCID: PMC6757475 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.004531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Light scattering by single cells is widely applied for flow cytometric differentiation of cells. However, even for human red blood cells (RBCs), which can be modeled as homogeneous dielectric particles, the potential of light scattering is not yet fully exploited. We developed a dedicated flow cytometer to simultaneously observe the forward scattering cross section (FSC) of RBCs for orthogonal laser beams with incident wave vectorsk → 1 andk → 2 . At a wavelength λ = 632.8 nm , bimodal distributions are observed in two-dimensional dot plots of FSC(k → 1 ) vs. FSC(k → 2 ), which result from the RBCs' random orientation around the direction of flow, as well as from the distributions of their size and their optical properties. Typically, signals of 7.5 × 10 4 RBCs were analyzed. We actively oriented the cells in the cytometer to prove that orientation is the main cause of bimodality. In addition, we studied the wavelength dependence of FSC(k → 1 ) using λ = 413.1 nm , 457.9 nm , 488 nm and 632.8 nm, covering both weak and strong light absorption by the RBCs. Simulations of the light scattering by single RBCs were performed using the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) for a range of sizes, orientations and optical properties to obtain FSC distributions from RBC ensembles. Using the axisymmetric biconcave equilibrium shape of native RBCs, the experimentally observed distributions cannot be reproduced. If, however, an elongated shape model is employed that accounts for the stretching of the cell by hydrodynamic forces in the cytometer, the features of the strongly bimodal measured frequency distributions are reproduced by the simulation. Elongation ratios significantly greater than 1 in the range of 1.5 to 2.5 yield the best agreement between experiments and simulated data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Gienger
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestraße 2–12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hermann Gross
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestraße 2–12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Ost
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestraße 2–12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
- Currently with Evangelische Zinzendorfschulen, Zittauer Straße 2, 02747 Herrnhut, Germany
| | - Markus Bär
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestraße 2–12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Neukammer
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestraße 2–12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
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Ghosh S, Roy A, Chakraborty I, Mukhopadhyay M, DasGupta S, Sarkar D. Fractal Dimension of Erythrocyte Membranes: A Highly Useful Precursor for Rapid Morphological Assay. Ann Biomed Eng 2018; 46:1362-1375. [PMID: 29796956 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-018-2050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Morphology of erythrocyte membrane has been recognized as an alternative biomarker of several patho-physiological states. Numerous attempts have been made to upgrade the existing method of primitive manual counting, particularly exploring the light scattering properties of erythrocyte. All the techniques are at best semi-empirical and heavily rely on the effectiveness of the statistical correlations. Precisely, this is due to the lack of a non-empirical scale of the so-called "morphological scores". In this article, fractal dimension of erythrocyte membrane has been used to formulate a suitable scoring scale. Subsequently, the rapid experimental output of flow-cytometry has been functionally related to the mean morphological quantifier of the whole cell population via an optimum neural network model (R2 = 0.98). Moreover, the fractal dimension has been further demonstrated to be an important parameter in early detection of an abnormal patho-physiological state, even without any noticeable poikilocytic transformation in micrometric domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayari Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700 009, India
| | - Arpan Roy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700 009, India
| | - Ishita Chakraborty
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700 009, India
| | | | - Sunando DasGupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Debasish Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700 009, India.
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8
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Fire acting as an increasing spatial autocorrelation force: Implications for pattern formation and ecological facilitation. ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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(+)-SJ733, a clinical candidate for malaria that acts through ATP4 to induce rapid host-mediated clearance of Plasmodium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E5455-62. [PMID: 25453091 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1414221111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug discovery for malaria has been transformed in the last 5 years by the discovery of many new lead compounds identified by phenotypic screening. The process of developing these compounds as drug leads and studying the cellular responses they induce is revealing new targets that regulate key processes in the Plasmodium parasites that cause malaria. We disclose herein that the clinical candidate (+)-SJ733 acts upon one of these targets, ATP4. ATP4 is thought to be a cation-transporting ATPase responsible for maintaining low intracellular Na(+) levels in the parasite. Treatment of parasitized erythrocytes with (+)-SJ733 in vitro caused a rapid perturbation of Na(+) homeostasis in the parasite. This perturbation was followed by profound physical changes in the infected cells, including increased membrane rigidity and externalization of phosphatidylserine, consistent with eryptosis (erythrocyte suicide) or senescence. These changes are proposed to underpin the rapid (+)-SJ733-induced clearance of parasites seen in vivo. Plasmodium falciparum ATPase 4 (pfatp4) mutations that confer resistance to (+)-SJ733 carry a high fitness cost. The speed with which (+)-SJ733 kills parasites and the high fitness cost associated with resistance-conferring mutations appear to slow and suppress the selection of highly drug-resistant mutants in vivo. Together, our data suggest that inhibitors of PfATP4 have highly attractive features for fast-acting antimalarials to be used in the global eradication campaign.
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Chen C, Lodish HF. Global analysis of induced transcription factors and cofactors identifies Tfdp2 as an essential coregulator during terminal erythropoiesis. Exp Hematol 2014; 42:464-76.e5. [PMID: 24607859 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Key transcriptional regulators of terminal erythropoiesis, such as GATA-binding factor 1 (GATA1) and T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia protein 1 (TAL1), have been well characterized, but transcription factors and cofactors and their expression modulations have not yet been explored on a global scale. Here, we use global gene expression analysis to identify 28 transcription factors and 19 transcriptional cofactors induced during terminal erythroid differentiation whose promoters are enriched for binding by GATA1 and TAL1. Utilizing protein-protein interaction databases to identify cofactors for each transcription factor, we pinpoint several co-induced pairs, of which E2f2 and its cofactor transcription factor Dp-2 (Tfdp2) were the most highly induced. TFDP2 is a critical cofactor required for proper cell cycle control and gene expression. GATA1 and TAL1 are bound to the regulatory regions of Tfdp2 and upregulate its expression and knockdown of Tfdp2 results in significantly reduced rates of proliferation as well as reduced upregulation of many erythroid-important genes. Loss of Tfdp2 also globally inhibits the normal downregulation of many E2F2 target genes, including those that regulate the cell cycle, causing cells to accumulate in S phase and resulting in increased erythrocyte size. Our findings highlight the importance of TFDP2 in coupling the erythroid cell cycle with terminal differentiation and validate this study as a resource for future work on elucidating the role of diverse transcription factors and coregulators in erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Chen
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Harvey F Lodish
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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