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Feng Y, Pannem S, Hodge S, Rounds C, Tichauer KM, Paulsen KD, Samkoe KS. Quantitative pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies for fluorescent imaging agents. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:1861-1877. [PMID: 38495714 PMCID: PMC10942698 DOI: 10.1364/boe.504878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution studies are essential for characterizing fluorescent agents in vivo. However, few simple methods based on fluorescence imaging are available that account for tissue optical properties and sample volume differences. We describe a method for simultaneously quantifying mean fluorescence intensity of whole blood and homogenized tissues in glass capillary tubes for two fluorescent agents, ABY-029 and IRDye 680LT, using wide-field imaging and tissue-specific calibration curves. All calibration curves demonstrated a high degree of linearity with mean R2 = 0.99 ± 0.01 and RMSE = 0.12 ± 0.04. However, differences between linear regressions indicate that tissue-specific calibration curves are required for accurate concentration recovery. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) for all samples tested was determined to be < 0.3 nM for ABY-029 and < 0.4 nM for IRDye 680LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Feng
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, 1 Rope Ferry Road, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Sanjana Pannem
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 15 Thayer Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Sassan Hodge
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 15 Thayer Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Cody Rounds
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 10 West 35 Street, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Kenneth M. Tichauer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 10 West 35 Street, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Keith D. Paulsen
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 15 Thayer Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Kimberley S. Samkoe
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, 1 Rope Ferry Road, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 15 Thayer Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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Dorogin J, Hochstatter HB, Shepherd SO, Svendsen JE, Benz MA, Powers AC, Fear KM, Townsend JM, Prell JS, Hosseinzadeh P, Hettiaratchi MH. Moderate-Affinity Affibodies Modulate the Delivery and Bioactivity of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300793. [PMID: 37379021 PMCID: PMC10592408 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Uncontrolled bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) release can lead to off-target bone growth and other adverse events. To tackle this challenge, yeast surface display is used to identify unique BMP-2-specific protein binders known as affibodies that bind to BMP-2 with different affinities. Biolayer interferometry reveals an equilibrium dissociation constant of 10.7 nm for the interaction between BMP-2 and high-affinity affibody and 34.8 nm for the interaction between BMP-2 and the low-affinity affibody. The low-affinity affibody-BMP-2 interaction also exhibits an off-rate constant that is an order of magnitude higher. Computational modeling of affibody-BMP-2 binding predicts that the high- and low-affinity affibodies bind to two distinct sites on BMP-2 that function as different cell-receptor binding sites. BMP-2 binding to affibodies reduces expression of the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in C2C12 myoblasts. Affibody-conjugated polyethylene glycol-maleimide hydrogels increase uptake of BMP-2 compared to affibody-free hydrogels, and high-affinity hydrogels exhibit lower BMP-2 release into serum compared to low-affinity hydrogels and affibody-free hydrogels over four weeks. Loading BMP-2 into affibody-conjugated hydrogels prolongs ALP activity of C2C12 myoblasts compared to soluble BMP-2. This work demonstrates that affibodies with different affinities can modulate BMP-2 delivery and activity, creating a promising approach for controlling BMP-2 delivery in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Dorogin
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Henry B. Hochstatter
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon. 1320 E 15 Ave., Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Samantha O. Shepherd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon. 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Justin E. Svendsen
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon. 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Morrhyssey A. Benz
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon. 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Andrew C. Powers
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Karly M. Fear
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Jakob M. Townsend
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - James S. Prell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon. 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Parisa Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon. 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Marian H. Hettiaratchi
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon. 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
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Hersh J, Yang YP, Roberts E, Bilbao D, Tao W, Pollack A, Daunert S, Deo SK. Targeted Bioluminescent Imaging of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Using Nanocarrier-Complexed EGFR-Binding Affibody-Gaussia Luciferase Fusion Protein. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1976. [PMID: 37514162 PMCID: PMC10384630 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo imaging has enabled impressive advances in biological research, both preclinical and clinical, and researchers have an arsenal of imaging methods available. Bioluminescence imaging is an advantageous method for in vivo studies that allows for the simple acquisition of images with low background signals. Researchers have increasingly been looking for ways to improve bioluminescent imaging for in vivo applications, which we sought to achieve by developing a bioluminescent probe that could specifically target cells of interest. We chose pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) as the disease model because it is the most common type of pancreatic cancer and has an extremely low survival rate. We targeted the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is frequently overexpressed in pancreatic cancer cells, using an EGFR-specific affibody to selectively identify PDAC cells and delivered a Gaussia luciferase (GLuc) bioluminescent protein for imaging by engineering a fusion protein with both the affibody and the bioluminescent protein. This fusion protein was then complexed with a G5-PAMAM dendrimer nanocarrier. The dendrimer was used to improve the protein stability in vivo and increase signal strength. Our targeted bioluminescent complex had an enhanced uptake into PDAC cells in vitro and localized to PDAC tumors in vivo in pancreatic cancer xenograft mice. The bioluminescent complexes could delineate the tumor shape, identify multiple masses, and locate metastases. Through this work, an EGFR-targeted bioluminescent-dendrimer complex enabled the straightforward identification and imaging of pancreatic cancer cells in vivo in preclinical models. This argues for the targeted nanocarrier-mediated delivery of bioluminescent proteins as a way to improve in vivo bioluminescent imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Hersh
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (J.H.); (Y.-P.Y.); (S.D.)
- The Dr. John T. McDonald Foundation Bionanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (E.R.); (D.B.); (W.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Yu-Ping Yang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (J.H.); (Y.-P.Y.); (S.D.)
- The Dr. John T. McDonald Foundation Bionanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (E.R.); (D.B.); (W.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Evan Roberts
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (E.R.); (D.B.); (W.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Daniel Bilbao
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (E.R.); (D.B.); (W.T.); (A.P.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Wensi Tao
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (E.R.); (D.B.); (W.T.); (A.P.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Alan Pollack
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (E.R.); (D.B.); (W.T.); (A.P.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sylvia Daunert
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (J.H.); (Y.-P.Y.); (S.D.)
- The Dr. John T. McDonald Foundation Bionanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (E.R.); (D.B.); (W.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Sapna K. Deo
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (J.H.); (Y.-P.Y.); (S.D.)
- The Dr. John T. McDonald Foundation Bionanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (E.R.); (D.B.); (W.T.); (A.P.)
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Du W, Jiang P, Li Q, Wen H, Zheng M, Zhang J, Guo Y, Yang J, Feng W, Ye S, Kamara S, Jiang P, Chen J, Li W, Zhu S, Zhang L. Novel Affibody Molecules Specifically Bind to SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Efficiently Neutralize Delta and Omicron Variants. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0356222. [PMID: 36511681 PMCID: PMC9927262 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03562-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has been an unprecedented public health disaster in human history, and its spike (S) protein is the major target for vaccines and antiviral drug development. Although widespread vaccination has been well established, the viral gene is prone to rapid mutation, resulting in multiple global spread waves. Therefore, specific antivirals are needed urgently, especially those against variants. In this study, the domain of the receptor binding motif (RBM) and fusion peptide (FP) (amino acids [aa] 436 to 829; denoted RBMFP) of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein was expressed as a recombinant RBMFP protein in Escherichia coli and identified as being immunogenic and antigenically active. Then, the RBMFP proteins were used for phage display to screen the novel affibody. After prokaryotic expression and selection, four novel affibody molecules (Z14, Z149, Z171, and Z327) were obtained. Through surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and pseudovirus neutralization assay, we showed that affibody molecules specifically bind to the RBMFP protein with high affinity and neutralize against SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection. Especially, Z14 and Z171 displayed strong neutralizing activities against Delta and Omicron variants. Molecular docking predicted that affibody molecule interaction sites with RBM overlapped with ACE2. Thus, the novel affibody molecules could be further developed as specific neutralization agents against SARS-CoV-2 variants. IMPORTANCE SARS-CoV-2 and its variants are threatening the whole world. Although a full dose of vaccine injection showed great preventive effects and monoclonal antibody reagents have also been used for a specific treatment, the global pandemic persists. So, developing new vaccines and specific agents are needed urgently. In this work, we expressed the recombinant RBMFP protein as an antigen, identified its antigenicity, and used it as an antigen for affibody phage-display selection. After the prokaryotic expression, the specific affibody molecules were obtained and tested for pseudovirus neutralization. Results showed that the serum antibody induced by RBMFP neutralized Omicron variants. The screened affibody molecules specifically bound the RBMFP of SARS-CoV-2 with high affinity and neutralized the Delta and Omicron pseudovirus in vitro. So, the RBMFP induced serum provides neutralizing effects against pseudovirus in vitro, and the affibodies have the potential to be developed into specific prophylactic agents for SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangqi Du
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peipei Jiang
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - He Wen
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Maolin Zheng
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanru Guo
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia Yang
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weixu Feng
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sisi Ye
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Saidu Kamara
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pengfei Jiang
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenshu Li
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shanli Zhu
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Dahlsson Leitao C, Ståhl S, Löfblom J. Bacterial Cell Display for Selection of Affibody Molecules. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2681:99-112. [PMID: 37405645 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3279-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the principles for generation of affibody molecules using bacterial display on the Gram-negative Escherichia coli and the Gram-positive Staphylococcus carnosus, respectively. Affibody molecules are small and robust alternative scaffold proteins that have been explored for therapeutic, diagnostic, and biotechnological applications. They typically exhibit high-stability, affinity, and specificity with high modularity of functional domains. Due to the small size of the scaffold, affibody molecules are rapidly excreted through renal filtration and can efficiently extravasate from blood and penetrate tissues. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that affibody molecules are promising and safe complements to antibodies for in vivo diagnostic imaging and therapy. Sorting of affibody libraries displayed on bacteria using fluorescence-activated cell sorting is an effective and straightforward methodology and has been used successfully to generate novel affibody molecules with high affinity for a diverse range of molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Ståhl
- Department of Protein Science, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Löfblom
- Department of Protein Science, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Refining Glioblastoma Surgery through the Use of Intra-Operative Fluorescence Imaging Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050550. [PMID: 35631376 PMCID: PMC9143023 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive adult brain tumour with a dismal 2-year survival rate of 26–33%. Maximal safe resection plays a crucial role in improving patient progression-free survival (PFS). Neurosurgeons have the significant challenge of delineating normal tissue from brain tumour to achieve the optimal extent of resection (EOR), with 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA) the only clinically approved intra-operative fluorophore for GBM. This review aims to highlight the requirement for improved intra-operative imaging techniques, focusing on fluorescence-guided imaging (FGS) and the use of novel dyes with the potential to overcome the limitations of current FGS. The review was performed based on articles found in PubMed an.d Google Scholar, as well as articles identified in searched bibliographies between 2001 and 2022. Key words for searches included ‘Glioblastoma’ + ‘Fluorophore’+ ‘Novel’ + ‘Fluorescence Guided Surgery’. Current literature has favoured the approach of using targeted fluorophores to achieve specific accumulation in the tumour microenvironment, with biological conjugates leading the way. These conjugates target specific parts overexpressed in the tumour. The positive results in breast, ovarian and colorectal tissue are promising and may, therefore, be applied to intracranial neoplasms. Therefore, this design has the potential to produce favourable results in GBM by reducing the residual tumour, which translates to decreased tumour recurrence, morbidity and ultimately, mortality in GBM patients. Several preclinical studies have shown positive results with targeted dyes in distinguishing GBM cells from normal brain parenchyma, and targeted dyes in the Near-Infrared (NIR) emission range offer promising results, which may be valuable future alternatives.
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Nazari M, Radmanesh R. ZHER2 Affibody as a Good Candidate for Detection of Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2021; 13:171. [PMID: 34484647 PMCID: PMC8377404 DOI: 10.18502/ajmb.v13i3.6366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mahboobeh Nazari
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Radmanesh
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Management, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Williams TM, Kaufman NEM, Zhou Z, Singh SS, Jois SD, Vicente MDGH. Click Conjugation of Boron Dipyrromethene (BODIPY) Fluorophores to EGFR-Targeting Linear and Cyclic Peptides. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030593. [PMID: 33498632 PMCID: PMC7865655 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Through a simple 1,3-cycloaddition reaction, three BODIPY-peptide conjugates that target the extracellular domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were prepared and their ability for binding to EGFR was investigated. The peptide ligands K(N3)LARLLT and its cyclic analog cyclo(K(N3)larllt, previously shown to have high affinity for binding to the extracellular domain of EGFR, were conjugated to alkynyl-functionalized BODIPY dyes 1 and 2 via a copper-catalyzed click reaction. This reaction produced conjugates 3, 4, and 5 in high yields (70–82%). In vitro studies using human carcinoma HEp2 cells that overexpress EGFR demonstrated high cellular uptake, particularly for the cyclic peptide conjugate 5, and low cytotoxicity in light (~1 J·cm−2) and darkness. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) results show binding affinity of the three BODIPY-peptide conjugates for EGFR, particularly for 5 bearing the cyclic peptide. Competitive binding studies using three cell lines with different expressions of EGFR show that 5 binds specifically to EGFR-overexpressing colon cancer cells. Among the three conjugates, 5 bearing the cyclic peptide exhibited the highest affinity for binding to the EGFR protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyrslai M. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (T.M.W.); (N.E.M.K.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Nichole E. M. Kaufman
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (T.M.W.); (N.E.M.K.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zehua Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (T.M.W.); (N.E.M.K.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Sitanshu S. Singh
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA; (S.S.S.); (S.D.J.)
| | - Seetharama D. Jois
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA; (S.S.S.); (S.D.J.)
| | - Maria da Graça H. Vicente
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (T.M.W.); (N.E.M.K.); (Z.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-225-578-7405; Fax: +1-225-578-3458
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Abstract
Fluorescence-guided surgery provides surgeons with improved visualization of tumor tissue in the operating room to allow for maximal safe resection of brain tumors. Multiple fluorescent agents have been studied for fluorescence-guided surgery. Both nontargeted and targeted fluorescent agents are currently being used for glioblastoma multiforme visualization and resection. Fluorescence detection in the visible light or near infrared spectrum is possible. Visualization device advancements have permitted greater detection of fluorescence down to the cellular level, which may provide even greater ability for the neurosurgeon to resect tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Schupper
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY, USA
| | - Constantinos Hadjipanayis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY, USA.
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Sadeghipour N, Rangnekar A, Folaron MR, Strawbridge RR, Samkoe KS, Davis SC, Tichauer KM. Prediction of optimal contrast times post-imaging agent administration to inform personalized fluorescence-guided surgery. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:JBO-200182RR. [PMID: 33200596 PMCID: PMC7667427 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.11.116005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Fluorescence guidance in cancer surgery (FGS) using molecular-targeted contrast agents is accelerating, yet the influence of individual patients' physiology on the optimal time to perform surgery post-agent-injection is not fully understood. AIM Develop a mathematical framework and analytical expressions to estimate patient-specific time-to-maximum contrast after imaging agent administration for single- and paired-agent (coadministration of targeted and control agents) protocols. APPROACH The framework was validated in mouse subcutaneous xenograft studies for three classes of imaging agents: peptide, antibody mimetic, and antibody. Analytical expressions estimating time-to-maximum-tumor-discrimination potential were evaluated over a range of parameters using the validated framework for human cancer parameters. RESULTS Correlations were observed between simulations and matched experiments and metrics of tumor discrimination potential (p < 0.05). Based on human cancer physiology, times-to-maximum contrast for peptide and antibody mimetic agents were <200 min, >15 h for antibodies, on average. The analytical estimates of time-to-maximum tumor discrimination performance exhibited errors of <10 % on average, whereas patient-to-patient variance is expected to be greater than 100%. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that analytical estimates of time-to-maximum contrast in FGS carried out patient-to-patient can outperform the population average time-to-maximum contrast used currently in clinical trials. Such estimates can be made with preoperative DCE-MRI (or similar) and knowledge of the targeted agent's binding affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Sadeghipour
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chicago, Illinois, United States
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Palo Alto, California, United States
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Palo Alto, California, United States
| | - Aakanksha Rangnekar
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Margaret R. Folaron
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School for Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | | | - Kimberley S. Samkoe
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School for Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Scott C. Davis
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School for Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Kenneth M. Tichauer
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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Williams TM, Zhou Z, Singh SS, Sibrian-Vazquez M, Jois SD, Henriques Vicente MDG. Targeting EGFR Overexpression at the Surface of Colorectal Cancer Cells by Exploiting Amidated BODIPY-Peptide Conjugates. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 96:581-595. [PMID: 32086809 DOI: 10.1111/php.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Three BODIPY-peptide conjugates designed to target the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) at the extracellular domain were synthesized, and their specificity for binding to EGFR was investigated. Peptide sequences containing seven amino acids, GLARLLT (2) and KLARLLT (4), and 13 amino acids, GYHWYGYTPQNVI (3), were conjugated to carboxyl BODIPY dye (1) by amide bond formation in up to 73% yields. The BODIPY-peptide conjugates and their "parent" peptides were determined to bind to EGFR experimentally using SPR analysis and were further investigated using computational methods (AutoDock). Results of SPR, competitive binding and docking studies propose that conjugate 6 including the GYHWYGYTPQNVI sequence binds to EGFR more effectively than conjugates 5 and 7, bearing the smaller peptide sequences. Findings in human carcinoma HEp2 cells overexpressing EGFR showed nontoxic behavior in the presence of activated light (1.5 J cm-2 ) and in the absence of light for all BODIPYs. Furthermore, conjugate 6 showed about five-fold higher accumulation within HEp2 cells compared with conjugates 5 and 7, localizing preferentially in the cell ER and lysosomes. Our findings suggest that BODIPY-peptide conjugate 6 is a promising contrast agent for detection of colorectal cancer and potentially other EGFR-overexpressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zehua Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Sitanshu S Singh
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA
| | | | - Seetharama D Jois
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA
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12
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Tichauer KM, Wang C, Xu X, Samkoe KS. Task-based evaluation of fluorescent-guided cancer surgery as a means of identifying optimal imaging agent properties in the context of variability in tumor- and healthy-tissue physiology. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2020; 11222. [PMID: 33568879 DOI: 10.1117/12.2546700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent molecular-guided surgery (FGS) is at a tipping point in terms of clinical approval and adoption in a number cancer applications, with ongoing phase 0 and phase 1 clinical trials being carried out in a wide range of cancers using a wide range of agents. The pharmacokinetics of each of these agents and the physiology of these cancers can differ vastly on a patient-to-patient basis, bringing to question: how can one fairly compare different methodologies (defined as the combination of imaging agent, system, and protocol) and how can existing methodologies be further optimized? To this point, little methodology comparison has been carried out, and the majority of FGS optimization has concerned system development-on the level of maximizing signal-to-noise, dynamic detection range, and sensitivity-independently from traditional agent development-in terms of fluorophore brightness, toxicity, solubility, and binding affinity and specificity. Here we propose an inclusion of tumor and healthy tissue physiology (blood flow, vascular permeability, specific and nonspecific binding sites, extracellular matrix, interstitial pressure, etc…) variability into the optimization process and re-establish well-described task-based metrics for methodology optimization and comparing quality of one methodology to another. Two salient conclusions were identified: (1) contrast-to-background variability is a simple metric that correlates with difficult-to-carry-out task-based metrics for comparing methodologies, and (2) paired-agent imaging protocols offer unique advantages over single-imaging-agent studies for mitigating confounding tumor and background physiology variability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cheng Wang
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
| | - Xiaochun Xu
- Department of Surgery, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH
| | - Kimberley S Samkoe
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH.,Department of Surgery, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH
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13
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Eggenstein E, Richter A, Skerra A. FluoroCalins: engineered lipocalins with novel binding functions fused to a fluorescent protein for applications in biomolecular imaging and detection. Protein Eng Des Sel 2019; 32:289-296. [PMID: 31927584 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzz047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
FluoroCalins represent novel bifunctional protein reagents derived from engineered lipocalins fused to a fluorescent reporter protein, here the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP). We demonstrate the construction, facile bacterial production and broad applicability of FluoroCalins using two Anticalin® molecules directed against the tumor vasculature-associated extra domain B of fibronectin (ED-B) and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3, a marker of tumor and lymphangiogenesis. FluoroCalins were prepared with two different spacers: (i) a short Ser3Ala linker and (ii) a long hydrophilic and conformationally unstructured PASylation® polypeptide comprising 200 Pro, Ala and Ser residues. These FluoroCalins were applied for direct target quantification in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as well as target detection by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy of live and fixed cells, respectively, demonstrating high specificity and signal-to-noise ratio. Hence, FluoroCalins offer a promising alternative to antibody-based reagents for state of the art fluorescent in vitro detection and biomolecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Eggenstein
- Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Antonia Richter
- Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Arne Skerra
- Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5, 85354 Freising, Germany
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14
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Near-Infrared Photoimmunotherapy Using a Small Protein Mimetic for HER2-Overexpressing Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235835. [PMID: 31757056 PMCID: PMC6928895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a new and promising cancer therapy based on a monoclonal antibody conjugated to a photosensitizer which is activated by near-infrared light irradiation, causing cell death. We investigated NIR-PIT using a small protein mimetic (6-7 kDa), Affibody molecules, instead of a monoclonal antibody for HER2-overexpressing cancer. Because of its small size, the Affibody has rapid clearance, high imaging contrast, and good tumor penetration. Due to the small size of the Affibodies, which can cross the blood-brain barrier, NIR-PIT using Affibodies has the potential to extend the target cancer of NIR-PIT, including brain metastases. In vitro, NIR-PIT using HER2 Affibody-IR700Dye conjugates induced the selective destruction of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells without damage to control cells having low level expression of HER2. HER2-overexpressing cancer cells showed necrotic cell death and their viability maintained at low levels, even 5 days after NIR-PIT. In contrast, treatment with high concentration of HER2 Affibody-IR700Dye conjugate alone or irradiation with high dose of NIR light alone was without effect on cell viability. Affibody and IR700Dye are currently used clinically, and therefore, we would expect the current formulation to be safely and quickly transitioned into clinical trials.
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15
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Olson MT, Ly QP, Mohs AM. Fluorescence Guidance in Surgical Oncology: Challenges, Opportunities, and Translation. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 21:200-218. [PMID: 29942988 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1239-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Surgical resection continues to function as the primary treatment option for most solid tumors. However, the detection of cancerous tissue remains predominantly subjective and reliant on the expertise of the surgeon. Surgery that is guided by fluorescence imaging has shown clinical relevance as a new approach to detecting the primary tumor, tumor margins, and metastatic lymph nodes. It is a technique to reduce recurrence and increase the possibility of a curative resection. While significant progress has been made in developing this emerging technology as a tool to assist the surgeon, further improvements are still necessary. Refining imaging agents and tumor targeting strategies to be a precise and reliable surgical strategy is essential in order to translate this technology into patient care settings. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive update on the most recent progress of fluorescence-guided surgery and its translation into the clinic. By highlighting the current status and recent developments of fluorescence image-guided surgery in the field of surgical oncology, we aim to offer insight into the challenges and opportunities that require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline T Olson
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Quan P Ly
- Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Aaron M Mohs
- Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 5-12315 Scott Research Tower, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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16
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Hartshorn CM, Russell LM, Grodzinski P. National Cancer Institute Alliance for nanotechnology in cancer-Catalyzing research and translation toward novel cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 11:e1570. [PMID: 31257722 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has been a burgeoning research field, which is finding compelling applications in several practical areas of everyday life. It has provided novel, paradigm shifting solutions to medical problems and particularly to cancer. In order to accelerate integration of nanotechnology into cancer research and oncology, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) established the NCI Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer program in 2005. This effort brought together scientists representing physical sciences, chemistry, and engineering working at the nanoscale with biologists and clinicians working on cancer to form a uniquely multidisciplinary cancer nanotechnology research community. The last 14 years of the program have produced a remarkable body of scientific discovery and demonstrated its utility to the development of practical cancer interventions. This paper takes stock of how the Alliance program influenced melding of disparate research disciplines into the field of nanomedicine and cancer nanotechnology, has been highly productive in the scientific arena, and produced a mechanism of seamless transfer of novel technologies developed in academia to the clinical and commercial space. This article is categorized under: Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Regulatory and Policy Issues in Nanomedicine Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Diagnostic Tools > in vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Hartshorn
- Nanodelivery Systems and Devices Branch, Cancer Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Luisa M Russell
- Nanodelivery Systems and Devices Branch, Cancer Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Piotr Grodzinski
- Nanodelivery Systems and Devices Branch, Cancer Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
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17
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Debie P, Hernot S. Emerging Fluorescent Molecular Tracers to Guide Intra-Operative Surgical Decision-Making. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:510. [PMID: 31139085 PMCID: PMC6527780 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging is an emerging technology that can provide real-time information about the operating field during cancer surgery. Non-specific fluorescent agents, used for the assessment of blood flow and sentinel lymph node detection, have so far dominated this field. However, over the last decade, several clinical studies have demonstrated the great potential of targeted fluorescent tracers to visualize tumor lesions in a more specific way. This has led to an exponential growth in the development of novel molecular fluorescent contrast agents. In this review, the design of fluorescent molecular tracers will be discussed, with particular attention for agents and approaches that are of interest for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sophie Hernot
- Laboratory for in vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging (ICMI-BEFY/MIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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18
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Samkoe KS, Sardar HS, Bates BD, Tselepidakis NN, Gunn JR, Hoffer-Hawlik KA, Feldwisch J, Pogue BW, Paulsen KD, Henderson ER. Preclinical imaging of epidermal growth factor receptor with ABY-029 in soft-tissue sarcoma for fluorescence-guided surgery and tumor detection. J Surg Oncol 2019; 119:1077-1086. [PMID: 30950072 DOI: 10.1002/jso.25468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Fluorescence-guided surgery using epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeting has been performed successfully in clinical trials using a variety of fluorescent agents. We investigate ABY-029 (anti-EGFR Affibody® molecule labeled with IRDye 800CW) compared with a small-molecule perfusion agent, IRDye 700DX carboxylate, in a panel of soft-tissue sarcomas with varying levels of EGFR expression and vascularization. METHODS Five xenograft soft-tissue sarcoma cell lines were implanted into immunosuppressed mice. ABY-029 and IRDye 700DX were each administered at 4.98 μM. Fluorescence from in vivo and ex vivo (fresh and formalin-fixed) fixed tissues were compared. The performance of three fluorescence imaging systems was assessed for ex vivo tissues. RESULTS ABY-029 is retained longer within tumor tissue and achieves higher tumor-to-background ratios both in vivo and ex vivo than IRDye 700DX. ABY-029 fluorescence is less susceptible to formalin fixation than IRDye 700DX, but both agents have disproportional signal loss in a variety of tissues. The Pearl Impulse provides the highest contrast-to-noise ratio, but all systems have individual advantages. CONCLUSIONS ABY-029 demonstrates promise to assist in wide local excision of soft-tissue sarcomas. Further clinical evaluation of in situ or freshly excised ex vivo tissues using fluorescence imaging systems is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley S Samkoe
- Department of Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire.,Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Hira S Sardar
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Brent D Bates
- Department of Orthaepedics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | | | - Jason R Gunn
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | | | | | - Brian W Pogue
- Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Keith D Paulsen
- Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Eric R Henderson
- Department of Orthaepedics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Department of Orthopaedics, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
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19
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Samkoe KS, Park Y, Marra K, Chen EY, Tichauer KM. Paired-agent imaging for detection of head and neck cancers. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2019; 10853. [PMID: 31686720 DOI: 10.1117/12.2510897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck cancers overwhelmingly overexpress epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). This overexpression has been utilized for head and neck cancers using molecular targeted agents for therapy and cancer cell detection. Significant progress has been made in using EGFR-targeted fluorescent antibody and Affibody molecule agents for fluorescent guided surgery in head and neck cancers. Although success in achieving tumor-to-background ratio of 3-5 have been achieved, the field is limited by the non-specific fluorescence in normal tissues as well as EGFR specific fluorescence in the oral cavity. We propose that paired-agent imaging (PAI) could improve the contrast between tumor and normal tissue by removing the fluorescent signal arising from non-specific binding. Here, ABY-029 - an anti-EGFR Affibody molecule labeled with IRDye 800CW - and IRDye 680RD conjugated to Affibody Control Imaging Agent molecule (IR680-Affctrl) are used as targeted and untargeted control agents, respectively, in a panel of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) to test the ability of PAI to increase tumor detection. Initial results demonstrate that binding potential, a value proportional to receptor concentration, correlates well to EGFR expression but experimental limitations prevented pixel-by-pixel analysis that was desired. Although promising, a more rigorous and well-defined experimental protocol is required to align ex vivo EGFR immunohistochemistry with in vivo binding potential and fluorescence intensity. Additionally, a new set of paired-agents, ABY-029 and IRDye 700DX, are successfully tested in naïve mice and will be carried forward for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley S Samkoe
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755.,Department of Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock, Lebanon, NH, 03756
| | | | - Kayla Marra
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03755
| | - Eunice Y Chen
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Kenneth M Tichauer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, llinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, 60616
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20
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Debie P, Vanhoeij M, Poortmans N, Puttemans J, Gillis K, Devoogdt N, Lahoutte T, Hernot S. Improved Debulking of Peritoneal Tumor Implants by Near-Infrared Fluorescent Nanobody Image Guidance in an Experimental Mouse Model. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 20:361-367. [PMID: 29090412 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-017-1134-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Debulking followed by combination chemotherapy is currently regarded as the most effective treatment for advanced ovarian cancer. Prognosis depends drastically on the degree of debulking. Accordingly, near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging has been proposed to revolutionize cancer surgery by acting as a sensitive, specific, and real-time tool enabling visualization of cancer lesions. We have previously developed a NIR-labeled nanobody that allows fast, specific, and high-contrast imaging of HER2-positive tumors. In this study, we applied this tracer during fluorescence-guided surgery in a mouse model and investigated the effect on surgical efficiency. PROCEDURES 0.5 × 106 SKOV3.IP1-Luc+ cells were inoculated intraperitoneally in athymic mice and were allowed to grow for 30 days. Two nanomoles of IRDye800CW-anti-HER2 nanobody was injected intravenously. After 1h30, mice were killed, randomized in two groups, and subjected to surgery. In the first animal group (n = 7), lesions were removed by a conventional surgical protocol, followed by excision of remaining fluorescent tissue using a NIR camera. The second group of mice (n = 6) underwent directly fluorescence-guided surgery. Bioluminescence imaging was performed before and after surgery. Resected tissue was categorized as visualized during conventional surgery or not, fluorescent or not, and bioluminescent positive or negative. RESULTS Fluorescence imaging allowed clear visualization of tumor nodules within the abdomen, up to submillimeter-sized lesions. Fluorescence guidance resulted in significantly reduced residual tumor as compared to conventional surgery. Moreover, sensitivity increased from 59.3 to 99.0 %, and the percentage of false positive lesions detected decreased from 19.6 to 7.1 %. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the advantage of intraoperative fluorescence imaging using nanobody-based tracers on the efficiency of debulking surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieterjan Debie
- Laboratory for In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laabeeklaan 103, 1090, Jette, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Marian Vanhoeij
- Department of Oncological Surgery, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Janik Puttemans
- Laboratory for In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laabeeklaan 103, 1090, Jette, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kris Gillis
- Laboratory for In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laabeeklaan 103, 1090, Jette, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Cardiology, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- Laboratory for In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laabeeklaan 103, 1090, Jette, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tony Lahoutte
- Laboratory for In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laabeeklaan 103, 1090, Jette, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, UZBrussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Hernot
- Laboratory for In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laabeeklaan 103, 1090, Jette, Brussels, Belgium
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21
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Tsuchimochi M, Yamaguchi H, Hayama K, Okada Y, Kawase T, Suzuki T, Tsubokawa N, Wada N, Ochiai A, Fujii S, Fujii H. Imaging of Metastatic Cancer Cells in Sentinel Lymph Nodes using Affibody Probes and Possibility of a Theranostic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E427. [PMID: 30669481 PMCID: PMC6359136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The accurate detection of lymph node metastases is essential for treatment success in early-stage malignant cancer. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is the most effective procedure for detecting small or micrometastases that are undetectable by conventional imaging modalities. To demonstrate a new approach for developing a more efficient SLN biopsy procedure, we reported a two-stage imaging method combining lymphoscintigraphy and near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging to depict metastatic cancer cells in SLNs in vivo. Furthermore, the theranostic potential of the combined procedure was examined by cell culture and xenograft mouse model. Anti-HER2 and anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) affibody probes were used for NIR fluorescence imaging. Strong NIR fluorescence signal intensity of the anti-EGFR affibody probe was observed in SAS cells (EGFR positive). Radioactivity in the SLNs was clearly observed in the in vivo studies. High anti-EGFR affibody NIR fluorescence intensity was observed in the metastatic lymph nodes in mice. The addition of the IR700-conjugated anti-EGFR affibody to the culture medium decreased the proliferation of SAS cells. Decreased proliferation was shown in Ki-67 immunohistochemistry in xenograft tumors. Our data suggest that a two-stage combined imaging method using lymphoscintigraphy and affibody probes may offer the direct visualization of metastatic lymph nodes as an easily applied technique in SLN biopsy. Although further animal studies are required to assess the effect of treating lymphatic metastasis in this approach, our study results provide a foundation for the further development of this promising imaging and treatment strategy for earlier lymph node metastasis detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Tsuchimochi
- Emeritus Professor, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan, formerly of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, 1-8 Hamaura-cho, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8580, Japan.
| | - Haruka Yamaguchi
- Department of Life Science Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8159, Japan.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Niigata 951-8580, Japan.
- Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 28 Woodville Road Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia.
| | - Kazuhide Hayama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Niigata 951-8580, Japan.
| | - Yasuo Okada
- Department of Pathology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Niigata 951-8580, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Kawase
- Division of Oral Bioengineering, Institute of Medicine and Dentistry, Niigata University, Division of Oral Bioengineering, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstitution, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8541, Japan.
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
| | - Norio Tsubokawa
- Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
| | - Noriaki Wada
- Department of General Surgery, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8513, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Ochiai
- Division of Biomarker Discovery, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan.
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Fujii
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Fujii
- Division of Functional Imaging, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan.
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22
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de Souza ALR, Marra K, Gunn J, Samkoe KS, Hull S, Paulsen KD, Pogue BW. Optimizing Glioma Detection Using an EGFR-Targeted Fluorescent Affibody. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 94:1167-1171. [PMID: 30129069 PMCID: PMC6234080 DOI: 10.1111/php.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since many types of cancers overexpress EGFR, this surface receptor has been used as a target for therapy or diagnosis of malignant disease. Uptake kinetics of EGFR-targeted fluorescent Affibody (ABY-029) were studied with a view toward optimizing efficacy of tumor detection in a glioma as a function of both delivered dose and concurrent administration of unlabeled cetuximab (an EGFR antagonist). U251 glioma cells were inoculated in brain of nude rats, and the fluorescence from each brain was analyzed after the administration of ABY-029. Although cetuximab was able to systematically block ABY-029 binding to EGFR in a dose-dependent manner in cell culture, no influence on the tumor-to-normal brain contrast was seen when unlabeled cetuximab was administered prior to ABY-029. Ex vivo imaging of ABY-029 fluorescence showed increasing values of the tumor-to-normal brain ratio with an increasing injected dose. A saturation value was obtained at a dose of 245 μg kg-1 which represents a 10-fold increase over a "microdose" value. According to FDA, the microdose of protein products is considered ≤30 nanomoles due to its difference in molecular weight as compared to synthetic drugs. This observation indicates that glioma detection will be optimal if the ABY-029 dose exceeds the "microdose" value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza Ribeiro de Souza
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília 70040-020, Brazil
| | - Kayla Marra
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Jason Gunn
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Kimberley S. Samkoe
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Sally Hull
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Keith D. Paulsen
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Brian W. Pogue
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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23
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Hu S, Kang H, Baek Y, El Fakhri G, Kuang A, Choi HS. Real-Time Imaging of Brain Tumor for Image-Guided Surgery. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800066. [PMID: 29719137 PMCID: PMC6105507 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The completion of surgical resection is a key prognostic factor in brain tumor treatment. This requires surgeons to identify residual tumors in theater as well as to margin the proximity of the tumor to adjacent normal tissue. Subjective assessments, such as texture palpation or visual tissue differences, are commonly used by oncology surgeons during resection to differentiate cancer lesions from normal tissue, which can potentially result in either an incomplete tumor resection, or accidental removal of normal tissue. Moreover, malignant brain tumors are even more difficult to distinguish from normal brain tissue, and resecting noncancerous tissue may create neurological defects after surgery. To optimize the resection margin in brain tumors, a variety of intraoperative guidance techniques are developed, such as neuronavigation, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, Raman spectroscopy, and optical fluorescence imaging. When combined with appropriate contrast agents, optical fluorescence imaging can provide the neurosurgeon real-time image guidance to improve resection completeness and to decrease surgical complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Homan Kang
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yoonji Baek
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Georges El Fakhri
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Anren Kuang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hak Soo Choi
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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24
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Burley TA, Mączyńska J, Shah A, Szopa W, Harrington KJ, Boult JK, Mrozek‐Wilczkiewicz A, Vinci M, Bamber JC, Kaspera W, Kramer‐Marek G. Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy targeting EGFR-Shedding new light on glioblastoma treatment. Int J Cancer 2018; 142:2363-2374. [PMID: 29313975 PMCID: PMC6016485 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are high-grade brain tumors, differentially driven by alterations (amplification, deletion or missense mutations) in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), that carry a poor prognosis of just 12-15 months following standard therapy. A combination of interventions targeting tumor-specific cell surface regulators along with convergent downstream signaling pathways may enhance treatment efficacy. Against this background, we investigated a novel photoimmunotherapy approach combining the cytotoxicity of photodynamic therapy with the specificity of immunotherapy. An EGFR-specific affibody (ZEGFR:03115 ) was conjugated to the phthalocyanine dye, IR700DX, which when excited with near-infrared light produces a cytotoxic response. ZEGFR:03115 -IR700DX EGFR-specific binding was confirmed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. The conjugate showed effective targeting of EGFR positive GBM cells in the brain. The therapeutic potential of the conjugate was assessed both in vitro, in GBM cell lines and spheroids by the CellTiter-Glo® assay, and in vivo using subcutaneous U87-MGvIII xenografts. In addition, mice were imaged pre- and post-PIT using the IVIS/Spectrum/CT to monitor treatment response. Binding of the conjugate correlated to the level of EGFR expression in GBM cell lines. The cell proliferation assay revealed a receptor-dependent response between the tested cell lines. Inhibition of EGFRvIII+ve tumor growth was observed following administration of the immunoconjugate and irradiation. Importantly, this response was not seen in control tumors. In conclusion, the ZEGFR:03115 -IR700DX showed specific uptake in vitro and enabled imaging of EGFR expression in the orthotopic brain tumor model. Moreover, the proof-of-concept in vivo PIT study demonstrated therapeutic efficacy of the conjugate in subcutaneous glioma xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Burley
- Division of Radiotherapy and ImagingThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Justyna Mączyńska
- Division of Radiotherapy and ImagingThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Anant Shah
- Division of Radiotherapy and ImagingThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Wojciech Szopa
- Department of NeurosurgeryMedical University of Silesia, Regional HospitalSosnowiecPoland
| | - Kevin J. Harrington
- Division of Radiotherapy and ImagingThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Jessica K.R. Boult
- Division of Radiotherapy and ImagingThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Maria Vinci
- Department of Onco‐HematologyBambino Gesù Children's HospitalRomeItaly
| | - Jeffrey C. Bamber
- Division of Radiotherapy and ImagingThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Wojciech Kaspera
- Department of NeurosurgeryMedical University of Silesia, Regional HospitalSosnowiecPoland
| | - Gabriela Kramer‐Marek
- Division of Radiotherapy and ImagingThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUnited Kingdom
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25
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Samkoe KS, Gunn JR, Marra K, Hull SM, Moodie KL, Feldwisch J, Strong TV, Draney DR, Hoopes PJ, Roberts DW, Paulsen K, Pogue BW. Toxicity and Pharmacokinetic Profile for Single-Dose Injection of ABY-029: a Fluorescent Anti-EGFR Synthetic Affibody Molecule for Human Use. Mol Imaging Biol 2018; 19:512-521. [PMID: 27909986 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-016-1033-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE ABY-029, a synthetic Affibody peptide, Z03115-Cys, labeled with a near-infrared fluorophore, IRDye® 800CW, targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been produced under good manufacturing practices for a US Food and Drug Administration-approved first-in-use human study during surgical resection of glioma, as well as other tumors. Here, the pharmacology, phototoxicity, receptor activity, and biodistribution studies of ABY-029 were completed in rats, prior to the intended human use. PROCEDURES Male and female Sprague Dawley rats were administered a single intravenous dose of varying concentrations (0, 245, 2449, and 24,490 μg/kg corresponding to 10×, 100×, and 1000× an equivalent human microdose level) of ABY-029 and observed for up to 14 days. Histopathological assessment of organs and tissues, clinical chemistry, and hematology were performed. In addition, pharmacokinetic clearance and biodistribution of ABY-029 were studied in subgroups of the animals. Phototoxicity and ABY-029 binding to human and rat EGFR were assessed in cell culture and on immobilized receptors, respectively. RESULTS Histopathological assessment and hematological and clinical chemistry analysis demonstrated that single-dose ABY-029 produced no pathological evidence of toxicity at any dose level. No phototoxicity was observed in EGFR-positive and EGFR-negative glioma cell lines. Binding strength and pharmacokinetics of the anti-EGFR Affibody molecules were retained after labeling with the dye. CONCLUSION Based on the successful safety profile of ABY-029, the 1000× human microdose 24.5 mg/kg was identified as the no observed adverse effect level following intravenous administration. Conserved binding strength and no observed light toxicity also demonstrated ABY-029 safety for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley S Samkoe
- Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA. .,Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
| | - Jason R Gunn
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Kayla Marra
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Sally M Hull
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Karen L Moodie
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | | | - Theresa V Strong
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | | | - P Jack Hoopes
- Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.,Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.,Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - David W Roberts
- Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.,Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Keith Paulsen
- Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.,Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Brian W Pogue
- Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA. .,Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
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26
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Samkoe KS, Bates BD, Elliott JT, LaRochelle E, Gunn JR, Marra K, Feldwisch J, Ramkumar DB, Bauer DF, Paulsen KD, Pogue BW, Henderson ER. Application of Fluorescence-Guided Surgery to Subsurface Cancers Requiring Wide Local Excision: Literature Review and Novel Developments Toward Indirect Visualization. Cancer Control 2018; 25:1073274817752332. [PMID: 29334791 PMCID: PMC5933571 DOI: 10.1177/1073274817752332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The excision of tumors by wide local excision is challenging because the mass must be removed entirely without ever viewing it directly. Positive margin rates in sarcoma resection remain in the range of 20% to 35% and are associated with increased recurrence and decreased survival. Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) may improve surgical accuracy and has been utilized in other surgical specialties. ABY-029, an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor Affibody molecule covalently bound to the near-infrared fluorophore IRDye 800CW, is an excellent candidate for future FGS applications in sarcoma resection; however, conventional methods with direct surface tumor visualization are not immediately applicable. A novel technique involving imaging through a margin of normal tissue is needed. We review the past and present applications of FGS and present a novel concept of indirect FGS for visualizing tumor through a margin of normal tissue and aiding in excising the entire lesion as a single, complete mass with tumor-free margins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley S. Samkoe
- Department of Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Brent D. Bates
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | | | - Ethan LaRochelle
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Jason R. Gunn
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Kayla Marra
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | | | - Dipak B. Ramkumar
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - David F. Bauer
- Department of Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Keith D. Paulsen
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Brian W. Pogue
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Eric R. Henderson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
- White River Junction VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT, USA
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27
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Samkoe KS, Bates BD, Tselepidakis NN, DSouza AV, Gunn JR, Ramkumar DB, Paulsen KD, Pogue BW, Henderson ER. Development and evaluation of a connective tissue phantom model for subsurface visualization of cancers requiring wide local excision. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:1-12. [PMID: 29274143 PMCID: PMC5741805 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.12.121613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Wide local excision (WLE) of tumors with negative margins remains a challenge because surgeons cannot directly visualize the mass. Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) may improve surgical accuracy; however, conventional methods with direct surface tumor visualization are not immediately applicable, and properties of tissues surrounding the cancer must be considered. We developed a phantom model for sarcoma resection with the near-infrared fluorophore IRDye 800CW and used it to iteratively define the properties of connective tissues that typically surround sarcoma tumors. We then tested the ability of a blinded surgeon to resect fluorescent tumor-simulating inclusions with ∼1-cm margins using predetermined target fluorescence intensities and a Solaris open-air fluorescence imaging system. In connective tissue-simulating phantoms, fluorescence intensity decreased with increasing blood concentration and increased with increasing intralipid concentrations. Fluorescent inclusions could be resolved at ≥1-cm depth in all inclusion concentrations and sizes tested. When inclusion depth was held constant, fluorescence intensity decreased with decreasing volume. Using targeted fluorescence intensities, a blinded surgeon was able to successfully excise inclusions with ∼1-cm margins from fat- and muscle-simulating phantoms with inclusion-to-background contrast ratios as low as 2∶1. Indirect, subsurface FGS is a promising tool for surgical resection of cancers requiring WLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley S. Samkoe
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Kimberley S. Samkoe, E-mail:
| | - Brent D. Bates
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Niki N. Tselepidakis
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Alisha V. DSouza
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Jason R. Gunn
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Dipak B. Ramkumar
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Keith D. Paulsen
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Brian W. Pogue
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Eric R. Henderson
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States
- White River Junction VAMC, White River Junction, Vermont, United States
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28
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Shi Q, Tao Z, Yang H, Fan Q, Wei D, Wan L, Lu X. PDGFRβ-specific affibody-directed delivery of a photosensitizer, IR700, is efficient for vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy of colorectal cancer. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:1818-1830. [PMID: 29182023 PMCID: PMC8240977 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1407011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an important strategy for cancer therapy. Conventional vascular-targeted PDT has been achieved by passive photosensitizer (PS) delivery, which involves a high risk of adverse effects. Active PS delivery is urgently required for vascular-targeted PDT. Although endothelial cells and pericytes are major cellular components of tumor blood vessels, little attention has been paid to pericyte-targeted PDT for cancer therapy. PDGFRβ is abundantly expressed in the pericytes of various tumors. In this experiment, a dimeric ZPDGFRβ affibody with a 0.9 nM affinity for PDGFRβ was produced. The ZPDGFRβ affibody showed PDGFRβ-dependent pericyte binding. Intravenously injected ZPDGFRβ affibody was predominantly distributed on pericytes and thus accumulated in LS174T tumor grafts. The conjugate of the ZPDGFRβ affibody and IR700 dye, i.e. ZIR700, bound to PDGFRβ+ pericytes but not to PDGFRβ- LS174T tumor cells. Accordingly, ZIR700-mediated PDT in vitro induced the death of pericytes but not of LS174T tumor cells. In mice bearing LS174T tumor grafts, ZIR700-mediated PDT damaged tumor blood vessels, thus inducing tumor destruction by intensifying tissue hypoxia. The average mass of tumor grafts administered with ZIR700-mediated PDT was approximately 20-30% of that of the control, indicating that pericyte-targeted PDT is efficient for cancer therapy. In addition, ZIR700-mediated PDT increased the tumor uptake of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) injected post-illumination. Consequently, combination therapy of ZIR700-mediated PDT and TRAIL showed greater tumor suppression than ZIR700-mediated PDT- or TRAIL-based monotherapy. These results demonstrated that active vascular-targeted PDT could be achieved by using ZPDGFRβ affibody-directed delivery of PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxiao Shi
- Key Lab of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, MOH, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Regenerative Medical Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ze Tao
- Key Lab of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, MOH, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Key Lab of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, MOH, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Fan
- Key Lab of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, MOH, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Regenerative Medical Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Danfeng Wei
- Medical Research Center, the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Second Affiliated Chengdu Clinical College of Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Wan
- Key Lab of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, MOH, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Key Lab of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, MOH, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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29
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Steven J, Müller MR, Carvalho MF, Ubah OC, Kovaleva M, Donohoe G, Baddeley T, Cornock D, Saunders K, Porter AJ, Barelle CJ. In Vitro Maturation of a Humanized Shark VNAR Domain to Improve Its Biophysical Properties to Facilitate Clinical Development. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1361. [PMID: 29109729 PMCID: PMC5660122 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular engineering to increase the percentage identity to common human immunoglobulin sequences of non-human therapeutic antibodies and scaffolds has become standard practice. This strategy is often used to reduce undesirable immunogenic responses, accelerating the clinical development of candidate domains. The first humanized shark variable domain (VNAR) was reported by Kovalenko and colleagues and used the anti-human serum albumin (HSA) domain, clone E06, as a model to construct a number of humanized versions including huE06v1.10. This study extends this work by using huE06v1.10 as a template to isolate domains with improved biophysical properties and reduced antigenicity. Random mutagenesis was conducted on huE06v1.10 followed by refinement of clones through an off-rate ranking-based selection on target antigen. Many of these next-generation binders retained high affinity for target, together with good species cross-reactivity. Lead domains were assessed for any tendency to dimerize, tolerance to N- and C-terminal fusions, affinity, stability, and relative antigenicity in human dendritic cell assays. Functionality of candidate clones was verified in vivo through the extension of serum half-life in a typical drug format. From these analyses the domain, BA11, exhibited negligible antigenicity, high stability and high affinity for mouse, rat, and HSA. When these attributes were combined with demonstrable functionality in a rat model of PK, the BA11 clone was established as our clinical candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Baddeley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Dawn Cornock
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew J Porter
- Elasmogen Ltd., Aberdeen, United Kingdom.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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30
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de Souza ALR, Marra K, Gunn J, Samkoe KS, Hoopes PJ, Feldwisch J, Paulsen KD, Pogue BW. Fluorescent Affibody Molecule Administered In Vivo at a Microdose Level Labels EGFR Expressing Glioma Tumor Regions. Mol Imaging Biol 2017; 19:41-48. [PMID: 27379987 PMCID: PMC5209393 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-016-0980-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Fluorescence guidance in surgical oncology provides the potential to realize enhanced molecular tumor contrast with dedicated targeted tracers, potentially with a microdose injection level. For most glioma tumors, the blood brain barrier is compromised allowing some exogenous drug/molecule delivery and accumulation for imaging. The aberrant overexpression and/or activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is associated with many types of cancers, including glioblastoma, and so the use of a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent molecule targeted to the EGFR receptor provides the potential for improving tumor contrast during surgery. Fluorescently labeled affibody molecule (ABY-029) has high EGFR affinity and high potential specificity with reasonably fast plasma clearance. In this study, ABY-29 was evaluated in glioma versus normal brain uptake from intravenous injection at a range of doses, down to a microdose injection level. Procedure Nude rats were inoculated with the U251 human glioma cell line in the brain. Tumors were allowed to grow for 3–4 weeks. ABY-029 fluorescence ex vivo imaging of brain slices was acquired at different time points (1–48 h) and varying injection doses from 25 to 122 μg/kg (from human protein microdose equivalent to five times microdose levels). Results The tumor was most clearly visualized at 1-h post-injection with 8- to 16-fold average contrast relative to normal brain. However, the tumor still could be identified after 48 h. In all cases, the ABY-029 fluorescence appeared to localize preferentially in EGFR-positive regions. Increasing the injected dose from a microdose level to five times, a microdose level increased the signal by 10-fold, and the contrast was from 8 to 16, showing that there was value in doses slightly higher than the microdose restriction. Normal tissue uptake was found to be affected by the tumor size, indicating that edema was a likely factor affecting the expected tumor to normal tissue contrast. Conclusion These results suggest that the NIR-labeled affibody molecules provide an excellent potential to increase surgical visualization of EGFR-positive tumor regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza Ribeiro de Souza
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.,CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia, DF, 70040-020, Brazil
| | - Kayla Marra
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Jason Gunn
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Kimberley S Samkoe
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.,Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| | - P Jack Hoopes
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.,Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| | | | - Keith D Paulsen
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.,Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| | - Brian W Pogue
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.
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32
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Harmsen S, Teraphongphom N, Tweedle MF, Basilion JP, Rosenthal EL. Optical Surgical Navigation for Precision in Tumor Resections. Mol Imaging Biol 2017; 19:357-362. [PMID: 28271367 PMCID: PMC5567813 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-017-1054-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Optical imaging methods have significant potential as effective intraoperative tools to visualize tissues, cells, and biochemical events aimed at objective assessment of the tumor margin and guiding the surgeon to adequately resect the tumor while sparing critical tissues. The wide variety of approaches to guide resection, the range of parameters that they detect, and the interdisciplinary nature involving biology, chemistry, engineering, and medicine suggested that there was a need for an organization that could review, discuss, refine, and help prioritize methods to optimize patient care and pharmaceutical and instrument development. To address these issues, the World Molecular Imaging Society created the Optical Surgical Navigation (OSN) interest group to bring together scientists, engineers, and surgeons to develop the field to benefit patients. Here, we provide an overview of approaches currently under clinical investigation for optical surgical navigation and offer our perspective on upcoming strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Harmsen
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nutte Teraphongphom
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael F Tweedle
- Department of Radiology, The Wright Center for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - James P Basilion
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- National Foundation for Cancer Research Center for Molecular Imaging, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Eben L Rosenthal
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Ann and John Doerr Medical Director, Stanford Cancer Center, Stanford, CA, USA.
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33
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Ståhl S, Gräslund T, Eriksson Karlström A, Frejd FY, Nygren PÅ, Löfblom J. Affibody Molecules in Biotechnological and Medical Applications. Trends Biotechnol 2017; 35:691-712. [PMID: 28514998 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Affibody molecules are small (6.5-kDa) affinity proteins based on a three-helix bundle domain framework. Since their introduction 20 years ago as an alternative to antibodies for biotechnological applications, the first therapeutic affibody molecules have now entered clinical development and more than 400 studies have been published in which affibody molecules have been developed and used in a variety of contexts. In this review, we focus primarily on efforts over the past 5 years to explore the potential of affibody molecules for medical applications in oncology, neurodegenerative, and inflammation disorders, including molecular imaging, receptor signal blocking, and delivery of toxic payloads. In addition, we describe recent examples of biotechnological applications, in which affibody molecules have been exploited as modular affinity fusion partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Ståhl
- Division of Protein Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Torbjörn Gräslund
- Division of Protein Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Fredrik Y Frejd
- Unit of Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; Affibody AB, Gunnar Asplunds Allé 24, SE-171 69 Solna, Sweden
| | - Per-Åke Nygren
- Division of Protein Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Löfblom
- Division of Protein Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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Zhao N, Williams TM, Zhou Z, Fronczek FR, Sibrian-Vazquez M, Jois SD, Vicente MGH. Synthesis of BODIPY-Peptide Conjugates for Fluorescence Labeling of EGFR Overexpressing Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:1566-1579. [PMID: 28414435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Regioselective functionalization of 2,3,5,6,8-pentachloro-BODIPY 1 produced unsymmetric BODIPY 5, bearing an isothiocyanate group suitable for conjugation, in only four steps. The X-ray structure of 5 reveals a nearly planar BODIPY core with aryl dihedral angles in the range 47.4-62.9°. Conjugation of 5 to two EGFR-targeting pegylated peptides, 3PEG-LARLLT (6) and 3PEG-GYHWYGYTPQNVI (7), under mild conditions (30 min at room temperature), afforded BODIPY conjugates 8 and 9 in 50-80% isolated yields. These conjugates showed red-shifted absorption and emission spectra compared with 5, in the near-IR region, and were evaluated as potential fluorescence imaging agents for EGFR overexpressing cells. SPR and docking investigations suggested that conjugate 8 bearing the LARLLT sequence binds to EGFR more effectively than 9 bearing the GYHWYGYTPQNVI peptide, in part due to the lower solubility of 9, and its tendency for aggregation at concentrations above 10 μM. Studies in human carcinoma HEp2 cells overexpressing EGFR demonstrated low dark and photo cytotoxicities for BODIPY 5 and the two peptide conjugates, and remarkably high cellular uptake for both conjugates 8 and 9, up to 90-fold compared with BODIPY 5 after 1 h. Fluorescence imaging studies in HEp2 cells revealed subcellular localization of the BODIPY-peptide conjugates mainly in the Golgi apparatus and the cell lysosomes. The low cytotoxicity of the new conjugates and their remarkably high uptake into EGFR overexpressing cells renders them promising imaging agents for cancers overexpressing EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Tyrslai M Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Zehua Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Frank R Fronczek
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Martha Sibrian-Vazquez
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University , Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Seetharama D Jois
- Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe , Monroe, Louisiana 71201, United States
| | - M Graça H Vicente
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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Abstract
Affibody molecules can be used as tools for molecular recognition in diagnostic and therapeutic applications. There are several preclinical studies reported on diagnostic and therapeutic use of this molecular class of alternative scaffolds, and early clinical evidence is now beginning to accumulate that suggests the Affibody molecules to be efficacious and safe in man. The small size and ease of engineering make Affibody molecules suitable for use in multispecific constructs where AffiMabs is one such that offers the option to potentiate antibodies for use in complex disease.
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Senders JT, Muskens IS, Schnoor R, Karhade AV, Cote DJ, Smith TR, Broekman MLD. Agents for fluorescence-guided glioma surgery: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical results. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2017; 159:151-167. [PMID: 27878374 PMCID: PMC5177668 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-016-3028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) is a technique used to enhance visualization of tumor margins in order to increase the extent of tumor resection in glioma surgery. In this paper, we systematically review all clinically tested fluorescent agents for application in FGS for glioma and all preclinically tested agents with the potential for FGS for glioma. METHODS We searched the PubMed and Embase databases for all potentially relevant studies through March 2016. We assessed fluorescent agents by the following outcomes: rate of gross total resection (GTR), overall and progression-free survival, sensitivity and specificity in discriminating tumor and healthy brain tissue, tumor-to-normal ratio of fluorescent signal, and incidence of adverse events. RESULTS The search strategy resulted in 2155 articles that were screened by titles and abstracts. After full-text screening, 105 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria evaluating the following fluorescent agents: 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) (44 studies, including three randomized control trials), fluorescein (11), indocyanine green (five), hypericin (two), 5-aminofluorescein-human serum albumin (one), endogenous fluorophores (nine) and fluorescent agents in a pre-clinical testing phase (30). Three meta-analyses were also identified. CONCLUSIONS 5-ALA is the only fluorescent agent that has been tested in a randomized controlled trial and results in an improvement of GTR and progression-free survival in high-grade gliomas. Observational cohort studies and case series suggest similar outcomes for FGS using fluorescein. Molecular targeting agents (e.g., fluorophore/nanoparticle labeled with anti-EGFR antibodies) are still in the pre-clinical phase, but offer promising results and may be valuable future alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joeky T Senders
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo S Muskens
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rosalie Schnoor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aditya V Karhade
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 15 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - David J Cote
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 15 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Timothy R Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 15 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Marike L D Broekman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Elliott JT, Marra K, Evans LT, Davis SC, Samkoe KS, Feldwisch J, Paulsen KD, Roberts DW, Pogue BW. Simultaneous In Vivo Fluorescent Markers for Perfusion, Protoporphyrin Metabolism, and EGFR Expression for Optically Guided Identification of Orthotopic Glioma. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:2203-2212. [PMID: 27799250 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: While extent of tumor resection is an important predictor of outcome in glioma, margin delineation remains challenging due to lack of inherent contrast between tumor and normal parenchyma. Fluorescence-guided surgery is promising for its ability to enhance contrast through exogenous fluorophores; however, the specificity and sensitivity of the underlying contrast mechanism and tumor delivery and uptake vary widely across approved and emerging agents.Experimental Design: Rats with orthotopic F98 wild-type and F98 EGFR-positive (EGFR+) gliomas received in vivo administration of IRDye680RD, 5-aminioleuvulinic acid, and ABY-029-markers of perfusion, protoporphyrin metabolism, and EGFR expression, respectively. Ex vivo imaging demonstrates the contrast mechanism-dependent spatial heterogeneity and enables within-animal comparisons of tumor-to-background ratio (TBR).Results: Generally, ABY-029 outperformed PpIX in F98EGFR orthotopic tumor margins and core (50% and 60% higher TBR, respectively). PpIX outperformed ABY-029 in F98wt margins by 60% but provided equivalent contrast in the bulk tumor. IRDye680RD provided little contrast, having an average TBR of 1.7 ± 0.2. The unique spatial patterns of each agent were combined into a single metric, the multimechanistic fluorescence-contrast index (MFCI). ABY-029 performed best in EGFR+ tumors (91% accuracy), while PpIX performed best in wild-type tumors (87% accuracy). Across all groups, ABY-029 and PpIX performed similarly (80% and 84%, respectively) but MFCI was 91% accurate, supporting multiagent imaging when tumor genotype was unknown.Conclusions: Human use of ABY-029 for glioma resection should enhance excision of EGFR+ tumors and could be incorporated into current PpIX strategies to further enhance treatment in the general glioma case. Clin Cancer Res; 23(9); 2203-12. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan T Elliott
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire.
| | - Kayla Marra
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Linton T Evans
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Scott C Davis
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | | | | | - Keith D Paulsen
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - David W Roberts
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Brian W Pogue
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
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Mallidi S, Anbil S, Bulin AL, Obaid G, Ichikawa M, Hasan T. Beyond the Barriers of Light Penetration: Strategies, Perspectives and Possibilities for Photodynamic Therapy. Theranostics 2016; 6:2458-2487. [PMID: 27877247 PMCID: PMC5118607 DOI: 10.7150/thno.16183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a photochemistry based treatment modality that involves the generation of cytotoxic species through the interactions of a photosensitizer molecule with light irradiation of an appropriate wavelength. PDT is an approved therapeutic modality for several cancers globally and in several cases has proved to be effective where traditional treatments have failed. The key parameters that determine PDT efficacy are 1. the photosensitizer (nature of the molecules, selectivity, and macroscopic and microscopic localization etc.), 2. light application (wavelength, fluence, fluence rate, irradiation regimes etc.) and 3. the microenvironment (vascularity, hypoxic regions, stromal tissue density, molecular heterogeneity etc.). Over the years, several groups aimed to monitor and manipulate the components of these critical parameters to improve the effectiveness of PDT treatments. However, PDT is still misconstrued to be a surface treatment primarily due to the limited depths of light penetration. In this review, we present the recent advances, strategies and perspectives in PDT approaches, particularly in cancer treatment, that focus on increasing the 'damage zone' beyond the reach of light in the body. This is enabled by a spectrum of approaches that range from innovative photosensitizer excitation strategies, increased specificity of phototoxicity, and biomodulatory approaches that amplify the biotherapeutic effects induced by photodynamic action. Along with the increasing depth of understanding of the underlying physical, chemical and physiological mechanisms, it is anticipated that with the convergence of these strategies, the clinical utility of PDT will be expanded to a powerful modality in the armamentarium for the management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srivalleesha Mallidi
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Sriram Anbil
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815
- The University of Texas School of Medicine at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Anne-Laure Bulin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Girgis Obaid
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Megumi Ichikawa
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
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Belykh E, Martirosyan NL, Yagmurlu K, Miller EJ, Eschbacher JM, Izadyyazdanabadi M, Bardonova LA, Byvaltsev VA, Nakaji P, Preul MC. Intraoperative Fluorescence Imaging for Personalized Brain Tumor Resection: Current State and Future Directions. Front Surg 2016; 3:55. [PMID: 27800481 PMCID: PMC5066076 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2016.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fluorescence-guided surgery is one of the rapidly emerging methods of surgical "theranostics." In this review, we summarize current fluorescence techniques used in neurosurgical practice for brain tumor patients as well as future applications of recent laboratory and translational studies. METHODS Review of the literature. RESULTS A wide spectrum of fluorophores that have been tested for brain surgery is reviewed. Beginning with a fluorescein sodium application in 1948 by Moore, fluorescence-guided brain tumor surgery is either routinely applied in some centers or is under active study in clinical trials. Besides the trinity of commonly used drugs (fluorescein sodium, 5-aminolevulinic acid, and indocyanine green), less studied fluorescent stains, such as tetracyclines, cancer-selective alkylphosphocholine analogs, cresyl violet, acridine orange, and acriflavine, can be used for rapid tumor detection and pathological tissue examination. Other emerging agents, such as activity-based probes and targeted molecular probes that can provide biomolecular specificity for surgical visualization and treatment, are reviewed. Furthermore, we review available engineering and optical solutions for fluorescent surgical visualization. Instruments for fluorescent-guided surgery are divided into wide-field imaging systems and hand-held probes. Recent advancements in quantitative fluorescence-guided surgery are discussed. CONCLUSION We are standing on the threshold of the era of marker-assisted tumor management. Innovations in the fields of surgical optics, computer image analysis, and molecular bioengineering are advancing fluorescence-guided tumor resection paradigms, leading to cell-level approaches to visualization and resection of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Belykh
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Irkutsk Scientific Center of Surgery and Traumatology, Irkutsk, Russia
- Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay L. Martirosyan
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Kaan Yagmurlu
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Eric J. Miller
- University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Eschbacher
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Mohammadhassan Izadyyazdanabadi
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Liudmila A. Bardonova
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Irkutsk Scientific Center of Surgery and Traumatology, Irkutsk, Russia
- Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Vadim A. Byvaltsev
- Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Irkutsk Scientific Center of Surgery and Traumatology, Irkutsk, Russia
- Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Peter Nakaji
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Mark C. Preul
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Elliott JT, Samkoe KS, Davis SC, Gunn JR, Paulsen KD, Roberts DW, Pogue BW. Image-derived arterial input function for quantitative fluorescence imaging of receptor-drug binding in vivo. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2016; 9:282-95. [PMID: 26349671 PMCID: PMC5313240 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201500162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Receptor concentration imaging (RCI) with targeted-untargeted optical dye pairs has enabled in vivo immunohistochemistry analysis in preclinical subcutaneous tumors. Successful application of RCI to fluorescence guided resection (FGR), so that quantitative molecular imaging of tumor-specific receptors could be performed in situ, would have a high impact. However, assumptions of pharmacokinetics, permeability and retention, as well as the lack of a suitable reference region limit the potential for RCI in human neurosurgery. In this study, an arterial input graphic analysis (AIGA) method is presented which is enabled by independent component analysis (ICA). The percent difference in arterial concentration between the image-derived arterial input function (AIFICA ) and that obtained by an invasive method (ICACAR ) was 2.0 ± 2.7% during the first hour of circulation of a targeted-untargeted dye pair in mice. Estimates of distribution volume and receptor concentration in tumor bearing mice (n = 5) recovered using the AIGA technique did not differ significantly from values obtained using invasive AIF measurements (p = 0.12). The AIGA method, enabled by the subject-specific AIFICA , was also applied in a rat orthotopic model of U-251 glioblastoma to obtain the first reported receptor concentration and distribution volume maps during open craniotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan T Elliott
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
| | - Kimberley S Samkoe
- Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| | - Scott C Davis
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Jason R Gunn
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Keith D Paulsen
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - David W Roberts
- Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
- Section of Neurosurgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| | - Brian W Pogue
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
- Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
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Krüwel T, Nevoltris D, Bode J, Dullin C, Baty D, Chames P, Alves F. In vivo detection of small tumour lesions by multi-pinhole SPECT applying a (99m)Tc-labelled nanobody targeting the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21834. [PMID: 26912069 PMCID: PMC4766429 DOI: 10.1038/srep21834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of tumours in an early phase of tumour development in combination with the knowledge of expression of tumour markers such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important prerequisite for clinical decisions. In this study we applied the anti-EGFR nanobody (99m)Tc-D10 for visualizing small tumour lesions with volumes below 100 mm(3) by targeting EGFR in orthotopic human mammary MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231 and subcutaneous human epidermoid A431 carcinoma mouse models. Use of nanobody (99m)Tc-D10 of a size as small as 15.5 kDa enables detection of tumours by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging already 45 min post intravenous administration with high tumour uptake (>3% ID/g) in small MDA-MB-468 and A431 tumours, with tumour volumes of 52.5 mm(3) ± 21.2 and 26.6 mm(3) ± 16.7, respectively. Fast blood clearance with a serum half-life of 4.9 min resulted in high in vivo contrast and ex vivo tumour to blood and tissue ratios. In contrast, no accumulation of (99m)Tc-D10 in MDA-MB-231 tumours characterized by a very low expression of EGFR was observed. Here we present specific and high contrast in vivo visualization of small human tumours overexpressing EGFR by preclinical multi-pinhole SPECT shortly after administration of anti-EGFR nanobody (99m)Tc-D10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Krüwel
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Damien Nevoltris
- Antibody therapeutics and Immunotargeting, CRCM, Inserm U1068, Institut PaoliCalmettes, Aix-Marseille Université UM 105, CNRS UMR7258, F-13009, Marseille, France
| | - Julia Bode
- Molecular Mechanisms of Tumour Cell Invasion (V077), German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Dullin
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Baty
- Antibody therapeutics and Immunotargeting, CRCM, Inserm U1068, Institut PaoliCalmettes, Aix-Marseille Université UM 105, CNRS UMR7258, F-13009, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Chames
- Antibody therapeutics and Immunotargeting, CRCM, Inserm U1068, Institut PaoliCalmettes, Aix-Marseille Université UM 105, CNRS UMR7258, F-13009, Marseille, France
| | - Frauke Alves
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany.,Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals, Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
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Elliott JT, Dsouza AV, Davis SC, Olson JD, Paulsen KD, Roberts DW, Pogue BW. Review of fluorescence guided surgery visualization and overlay techniques. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:3765-82. [PMID: 26504628 PMCID: PMC4605037 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.003765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In fluorescence guided surgery, data visualization represents a critical step between signal capture and display needed for clinical decisions informed by that signal. The diversity of methods for displaying surgical images are reviewed, and a particular focus is placed on electronically detected and visualized signals, as required for near-infrared or low concentration tracers. Factors driving the choices such as human perception, the need for rapid decision making in a surgical environment, and biases induced by display choices are outlined. Five practical suggestions are outlined for optimal display orientation, color map, transparency/alpha function, dynamic range compression, and color perception check.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan T. Elliott
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Alisha V. Dsouza
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Scott C. Davis
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Olson
- Neurosurgery Section, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
| | - Keith D. Paulsen
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - David W. Roberts
- Neurosurgery Section, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
- Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Rope Ferry Road, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Brian W. Pogue
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Rope Ferry Road, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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Watson JR, Gainer CF, Martirosyan N, Skoch J, Lemole GM, Anton R, Romanowski M. Augmented microscopy: real-time overlay of bright-field and near-infrared fluorescence images. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:106002. [PMID: 26440760 PMCID: PMC4881285 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.10.106002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Intraoperative applications of near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent contrast agents can be aided by instrumentation capable of merging the view of surgical field with that of NIR fluorescence. We demonstrate augmented microscopy, an intraoperative imaging technique in which bright-field (real) and electronically processed NIR fluorescence (synthetic) images are merged within the optical path of a stereomicroscope. Under luminance of 100,000 lx, representing typical illumination of the surgical field, the augmented microscope detects 189 nM concentration of indocyanine green and produces a composite of the real and synthetic images within the eyepiece of the microscope at 20 fps. Augmentation described here can be implemented as an add-on module to visualize NIR contrast agents, laser beams, or various types of electronic data within the surgical microscopes commonly used in neurosurgical, cerebrovascular, otolaryngological, and ophthalmic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R. Watson
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1657 E. Helen Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Christian F. Gainer
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1657 E. Helen Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Nikolay Martirosyan
- University of Arizona, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jesse Skoch
- University of Arizona, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - G. Michael Lemole
- University of Arizona, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Rein Anton
- University of Arizona, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Marek Romanowski
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1657 E. Helen Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Marek Romanowski, E-mail:
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Kijanka M, Dorresteijn B, Oliveira S, van Bergen en Henegouwen PMP. Nanobody-based cancer therapy of solid tumors. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:161-74. [PMID: 25597775 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of tumor-targeted therapies using monoclonal antibodies has been successful during the last 30 years. Nevertheless, the efficacy of antibody-based therapy is still limited and further improvements are eagerly awaited. One of the promising novel developments that may overcome the drawbacks of monoclonal antibody-based therapies is the employment of nanobodies. Current nanobody-based therapeutics can be divided into three different platforms with nanobodies functioning as: receptor antagonists; targeting moieties of effector domains; or targeting molecules on the surface of nanoparticles. In this article, we describe factors that affect their performance at three different stages: their systemic circulation upon intravenous injection; their extravasation and tumor penetration; and, finally, their interaction with target molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kijanka
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Atallah I, Milet C, Henry M, Josserand V, Reyt E, Coll JL, Hurbin A, Righini CA. Near-infrared fluorescence imaging-guided surgery improves recurrence-free survival rate in novel orthotopic animal model of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2015; 38 Suppl 1:E246-55. [PMID: 25546527 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Appropriate animal models are required to test novel therapeutics for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) such as near-infrared (NIR) imaging-guided surgery. METHODS We developed an optimized animal model of orthotopic HNSCC (in female athymic NMRI (Naval Medical Research Institute) nude mice) with a prolonged survival time. Resection of the orthotopic tumors was performed 30 days after implantation with or without the aid of a miniaturized clinical grade NIR optical imaging device, after systemic administration of a fluorescent RGD-based probe that targets αv β3 integrin. RESULTS NIR optical imaging-guided surgery increased the recurrence-free survival rate by 50% through the detection of fluorescent cancer residues as small as 185 µm; these fragments could remain unidentified if resection was performed exclusively under unaided visual guidance. CONCLUSION NIR optical imaging-guided surgery showed an improved HNSCC tumor resection quality in our optimized orthotopic animal model. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E246-E255, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihab Atallah
- INSERM U823, Grenoble Cedex, France.,Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble Cedex, France.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Grenoble University Hospital, Cedex, France
| | - Clément Milet
- INSERM U823, Grenoble Cedex, France.,Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Maxime Henry
- INSERM U823, Grenoble Cedex, France.,Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Véronique Josserand
- INSERM U823, Grenoble Cedex, France.,Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Emile Reyt
- Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble Cedex, France.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Grenoble University Hospital, Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Luc Coll
- INSERM U823, Grenoble Cedex, France.,Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Amandine Hurbin
- INSERM U823, Grenoble Cedex, France.,Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Christian Adrien Righini
- INSERM U823, Grenoble Cedex, France.,Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble Cedex, France.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Grenoble University Hospital, Cedex, France
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Holt RW, Demers JLH, Sexton KJ, Gunn JR, Davis SC, Samkoe KS, Pogue BW. Tomography of epidermal growth factor receptor binding to fluorescent Affibody in vivo studied with magnetic resonance guided fluorescence recovery in varying orthotopic glioma sizes. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:26001. [PMID: 25652703 PMCID: PMC4317247 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.2.026001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The ability to image targeted tracer binding to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was studied in vivo in orthotopically grown glioma tumors of different sizes. The binding potential was quantified using a dual-tracer approach, which employs a fluorescently labeled peptide targeted to EGFR and a reference tracer with similar pharmacokinetic properties but no specific binding, to estimate the relative bound fraction from kinetic compartment modeling. The recovered values of binding potential did not vary significantly as a function of tumor size (1 to 33 mm3), suggesting that binding potential may be consistent in the U251 tumors regardless of size or stage after implantation. However, the fluorescence yield of the targeted fluorescent tracers in the tumor was affected significantly by tumor size, suggesting that dual-tracer imaging helps account for variations in absolute uptake, which plague single-tracer imaging techniques. Ex vivo analysis showed relatively high spatial heterogeneity in each tumor that cannot be resolved by tomographic techniques. Nonetheless, the dual-tracer tomographic technique is a powerful tool for longitudinal bulk estimation of receptor binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. Holt
- Dartmouth College, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Jennifer-Lynn H. Demers
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Kristian J. Sexton
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Jason R. Gunn
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Scott C. Davis
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Kimberley S. Samkoe
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Department of Surgery, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Brian W. Pogue
- Dartmouth College, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Department of Surgery, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Brian W. Pogue, E-mail:
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Viehweger K, Barbaro L, García KP, Joshi T, Geipel G, Steinbach J, Stephan H, Spiccia L, Graham B. EGF receptor-targeting peptide conjugate incorporating a near-IR fluorescent dye and a novel 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-based (64)Cu(II) chelator assembled via click chemistry. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:1011-22. [PMID: 24758412 DOI: 10.1021/bc5001388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A new Boc-protected 1,4,7-triazacyclononane (TACN)-based pro-chelator compound featuring a "clickable" azidomethylpyridine pendant has been developed as a building block for the construction of multimodal imaging agents. Conjugation to a model alkyne (propargyl alcohol), followed by deprotection, generates a pentadentate ligand, as confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis of the corresponding distorted square-pyramidal Cu(II) complex. The ligand exhibits rapid (64)Cu(II)-binding kinetics (>95% radiochemical yield in <5 min) and a high resistance to demetalation. It may thus prove suitable for use in (64)Cu(II)-based in vivo positron emission tomography (PET). The new chelating building block has been applied to the construction of a bimodal (PET/fluorescence) peptide-based imaging probe targeting the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, which is highly overexpressed on the surface of several types of cancer cells. The probe consists of a hexapeptide sequence, Leu-Ala-Arg-Leu-Leu-Thr (designated "D4"), followed by a Cys-β-Ala-β-Ala spacer, then a β-homopropargylglycine residue with the TACN-based chelator "clicked" to its side chain. A sulfonated near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent cyanine dye (sulfo-Cy5) was introduced at the N-terminus to study the EGF receptor-binding ability of the probe by laser-fluorescence spectroscopy. Binding was also confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation methods, and an apparent dissociation constant (Kd) of ca. 10 nM was determined from radioactivity-based measurements of probe binding to two EGF receptor-expressing cell lines (FaDu and A431). The probe is shown to be a biased or partial allosteric agonist of the EGF receptor, inducing phosphorylation of Thr669 and Tyr992, but not the Tyr845, Tyr998, Tyr1045, Tyr1068, or Tyr1148 residues of the receptor, in the absence of the orthosteric EGF ligand. Additionally, the probe was found to suppress the EGF-stimulated autophosphorylation of these latter residues, indicating that it is also a noncompetitive antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Viehweger
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research and ‡Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf eV , P.O. Box 510119, D-01314 Dresden, Germany
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Tichauer KM, Deharvengt SJ, Samkoe KS, Gunn JR, Bosenberg MW, Turk MJ, Hasan T, Stan RV, Pogue BW. Tumor endothelial marker imaging in melanomas using dual-tracer fluorescence molecular imaging. Mol Imaging Biol 2013; 16:372-82. [PMID: 24217944 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-013-0692-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer-specific endothelial markers available for intravascular binding are promising targets for new molecular therapies. In this study, a molecular imaging approach of quantifying endothelial marker concentrations (EMCI) is developed and tested in highly light-absorbing melanomas. The approach involves injection of targeted imaging tracer in conjunction with an untargeted tracer, which is used to account for nonspecific uptake and tissue optical property effects on measured targeted tracer concentrations. PROCEDURES Theoretical simulations and a mouse melanoma model experiment were used to test out the EMCI approach. The tracers used in the melanoma experiments were fluorescently labeled anti-Plvap/PV1 antibody (plasmalemma vesicle associated protein Plvap/PV1 is a transmembrane protein marker exposed on the luminal surface of endothelial cells in tumor vasculature) and a fluorescent isotype control antibody, the uptakes of which were measured on a planar fluorescence imaging system. RESULTS The EMCI model was found to be robust to experimental noise under reversible and irreversible binding conditions and was capable of predicting expected overexpression of PV1 in melanomas compared to healthy skin despite a 5-time higher measured fluorescence in healthy skin compared to melanoma: attributable to substantial light attenuation from melanin in the tumors. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the potential of EMCI to quantify endothelial marker concentrations in vivo, an accomplishment that is currently unavailable through any other methods, either in vivo or ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth M Tichauer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA,
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