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Rasmussen EA, Czaja A, Cuthbert FJ, Tan GS, Lemey P, Nelson MI, Culhane MR. Influenza A viruses in gulls in landfills and freshwater habitats in Minnesota, United States. Front Genet 2023; 14:1172048. [PMID: 37229191 PMCID: PMC10203411 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1172048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The unpredictable evolution of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) presents an ongoing threat to agricultural production and public and wildlife health. Severe outbreaks of highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses in US poultry and wild birds since 2022 highlight the urgent need to understand the changing ecology of AIV. Surveillance of gulls in marine coastal environments has intensified in recent years to learn how their long-range pelagic movements potentially facilitate inter-hemispheric AIV movements. In contrast, little is known about inland gulls and their role in AIV spillover, maintenance, and long-range dissemination. Methods: To address this gap, we conducted active AIV surveillance in ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) and Franklin's gulls (Leucophaeus pipixcan) in Minnesota's natural freshwater lakes during the summer breeding season and in landfills during fall migration (1,686 samples). Results: Whole-genome AIV sequences obtained from 40 individuals revealed three-lineage reassortants with a mix of genome segments from the avian Americas lineage, avian Eurasian lineage, and a global "Gull" lineage that diverged more than 50 years ago from the rest of the AIV global gene pool. No poultry viruses contained gull-adapted H13, NP, or NS genes, pointing to limited spillover. Geolocators traced gull migration routes across multiple North American flyways, explaining how inland gulls imported diverse AIV lineages from distant locations. Migration patterns were highly varied and deviated far from assumed "textbook" routes. Discussion: Viruses circulating in Minnesota gulls during the summer breeding season in freshwater environments reappeared in autumn landfills, evidence of AIV persistence in gulls between seasons and transmission between habitats. Going forward, wider adoption of technological advances in animal tracking devices and genetic sequencing is needed to expand AIV surveillance in understudied hosts and habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Rasmussen
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Agata Czaja
- Computational Biology Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Francesca J. Cuthbert
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Gene S. Tan
- J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Philippe Lemey
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martha I. Nelson
- Computational Biology Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Marie R. Culhane
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
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Serologic Evidence of Occupational Exposure to Avian Influenza Viruses at the Wildfowl/Poultry/Human Interface. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102153. [PMID: 34683475 PMCID: PMC8539340 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological interactions between wild aquatic birds and outdoor-housed poultry can enhance spillover events of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) from wild reservoirs to domestic birds, thus increasing the related zoonotic risk to occupationally exposed workers. To assess serological evidence of AIV infection in workers operating in Northern Italy at the wildfowl/poultry interface or directly exposed to wildfowl, serum samples were collected between April 2005 and November 2006 from 57 bird-exposed workers (BEWs) and from 7 unexposed controls (Cs), planning three sample collections from each individual. Concurrently, AIV surveillance of 3587 reared birds identified 4 AIVs belonging to H10N7, H4N6 and H2N2 subtypes while serological analysis by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay showed recent infections caused by H1, H2, H4, H6, H10, H11, H12, and H13 subtypes. Human sera were analyzed for specific antibodies against AIVs belonging to antigenic subtypes from H1 to H14 by using HI and virus microneutralization (MN) assays as a screening and a confirmatory test, respectively. Overall, antibodies specific to AIV-H3, AIV-H6, AIV-H8, and AIV-H9 were found in three poultry workers (PWs) and seropositivity to AIV-11, AIV-H13—still detectable in October 2017—in one wildlife professional (WP). Furthermore, seropositivity to AIV-H2, accounting for previous exposure to the “extinct” H2N2 human influenza viruses, was found in both BEWs and Cs groups. These data further emphasize the occupational risk posed by zoonotic AIV strains and show the possible occurrence of long-lived antibody-based immunity following AIV infections in humans.
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3
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Hubálek Z. Pathogenic microorganisms associated with gulls and terns (Laridae). JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.25225/jvb.21009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Hubálek
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; e-mail:
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Criado MF, Moresco KA, Stallknecht DE, Swayne DE. Low-pathogenicity influenza viruses replicate differently in laughing gulls and mallards. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2021; 15:701-706. [PMID: 34109758 PMCID: PMC8542958 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild aquatic birds are natural reservoirs of low-pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs). Laughing gulls inoculated with four gull-origin LPAIVs (H7N3, H6N4, H3N8, and H2N3) had a predominate respiratory infection. By contrast, mallards inoculated with two mallard-origin LPAIVs (H5N6 and H4N8) became infected and had similar virus titers in oropharyngeal (OP) and cloacal (CL) swabs. The trend toward predominate OP shedding in gulls suggest a greater role of direct bird transmission in maintenance, whereas mallards shedding suggests importance of fecal-oral transmission through water contamination. Additional infectivity and pathogenesis studies are needed to confirm this replication difference for LPAI viruses in gulls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miria F Criado
- Southeast Poultry Research laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kira A Moresco
- Southeast Poultry Research laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, USA
| | - David E Stallknecht
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - David E Swayne
- Southeast Poultry Research laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, USA
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Verhagen JH, Eriksson P, Leijten L, Blixt O, Olsen B, Waldenström J, Ellström P, Kuiken T. Host Range of Influenza A Virus H1 to H16 in Eurasian Ducks Based on Tissue and Receptor Binding Studies. J Virol 2021; 95:e01873-20. [PMID: 33361418 PMCID: PMC8094940 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01873-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dabbling and diving ducks partly occupy shared habitats but have been reported to play different roles in wildlife infectious disease dynamics. Influenza A virus (IAV) epidemiology in wild birds has been based primarily on surveillance programs focused on dabbling duck species, particularly mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). Surveillance in Eurasia has shown that in mallards, some subtypes are commonly (H1 to H7 and H10), intermediately (H8, H9, H11, and H12), or rarely (H13 to H16) detected, contributing to discussions on virus host range and reservoir competence. An alternative to surveillance in determining IAV host range is to study virus attachment as a determinant for infection. Here, we investigated the attachment patterns of all avian IAV subtypes (H1 to H16) to the respiratory and intestinal tracts of four dabbling duck species (Mareca and Anas spp.), two diving duck species (Aythya spp.), and chicken, as well as to a panel of 65 synthetic glycan structures. We found that IAV subtypes generally showed abundant attachment to colon of the Anas duck species, mallard, and Eurasian teal (Anas crecca), supporting the fecal-oral transmission route in these species. The reported glycan attachment profile did not explain the virus attachment patterns to tissues but showed significant attachment of duck-originated viruses to fucosylated glycan structures and H7 virus tropism for Neu5Gc-LN. Our results suggest that Anas ducks play an important role in the ecology and epidemiology of IAV. Further knowledge on virus tissue attachment, receptor distribution, and receptor binding specificity is necessary to understand the mechanisms underlying host range and epidemiology of IAV.IMPORTANCE Influenza A viruses (IAVs) circulate in wild birds worldwide. From wild birds, the viruses can cause outbreaks in poultry and sporadically and indirectly infect humans. A high IAV diversity has been found in mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), which are most often sampled as part of surveillance programs; meanwhile, little is known about the role of other duck species in IAV ecology and epidemiology. In this study, we investigated the attachment of all avian IAV hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes (H1 to H16) to tissues of six different duck species and chicken as an indicator of virus host range. We demonstrated that the observed virus attachment patterns partially explained reported field prevalence. This study demonstrates that dabbling ducks of the Anas genus are potential hosts for most IAV subtypes, including those infecting poultry. This knowledge is useful to target the sampling of wild birds in nature and to further study the interaction between IAVs and birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josanne H Verhagen
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Per Eriksson
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (IMBIM), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lonneke Leijten
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ola Blixt
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Björn Olsen
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Waldenström
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Patrik Ellström
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thijs Kuiken
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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6
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Li Y, Li M, Tian J, Zhang Y, Bai X, Wang X, Shi J, Wang Y, Ma L, Yang C, Li Y. Characteristics of the first H16N3 subtype influenza A viruses isolated in western China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:1677-1687. [PMID: 32266788 PMCID: PMC7384121 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first documented avian influenza virus subtype H16N3 was isolated in 1975 and is currently detectable in many countries worldwide. However, the prevalence, biological characteristics and threat to humans of the avian influenza virus H16N3 subtype in China remain poorly understood. We performed avian influenza surveillance in major wild bird gatherings across the country from 2017 to 2019, resulting in the isolation of two H16N3 subtype influenza viruses. Phylogenetic analysis showed these viruses belong to the Eurasian lineage, and both viruses presented the characteristics of inter-species reassortment. In addition, the two viruses exhibited limited growth capacity in MDCK and A549 cells. Receptor-binding assays indicated that the two H16N3 viruses presented dual receptor-binding profiles, being able to bind to both human and avian-type receptors, where GBHG/NX/2/2018(H16N3) preferentially bound the avian-type receptor, while GBHG/NX/1/2018(H16N3) showed greater binding to the human-type receptor, even the mice virulence data showed the negative results. Segments from other species have been introduced into the H16N3 avian influenza virus, which may alter its pathogenicity and host tropism, potentially posing a threat to animal and human health in the future. Consequently, it is necessary to increase monitoring of the emergence and spread of avian influenza subtype H16N3 in wild birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Minghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jingman Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoli Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Preventive and Control Center for Animal Disease of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jianzhong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yumei Wang
- Preventive and Control Center for Animal Disease of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Long Ma
- Preventive and Control Center for Animal Disease of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Cen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yanbing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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7
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Guan M, Hall JS, Zhang X, Dusek RJ, Olivier AK, Liu L, Li L, Krauss S, Danner A, Li T, Rutvisuttinunt W, Lin X, Hallgrimsson GT, Ragnarsdottir SB, Vignisson SR, TeSlaa J, Nashold SW, Jarman R, Wan XF. Aerosol Transmission of Gull-Origin Iceland Subtype H10N7 Influenza A Virus in Ferrets. J Virol 2019; 93:e00282-19. [PMID: 30996092 PMCID: PMC6580963 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00282-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Subtype H10 influenza A viruses (IAVs) have been recovered from domestic poultry and various aquatic bird species, and sporadic transmission of these IAVs from avian species to mammals (i.e., human, seal, and mink) are well documented. In 2015, we isolated four H10N7 viruses from gulls in Iceland. Genomic analyses showed four gene segments in the viruses were genetically associated with H10 IAVs that caused influenza outbreaks and deaths among European seals in 2014. Antigenic characterization suggested minimal antigenic variation among these H10N7 isolates and other archived H10 viruses recovered from human, seal, mink, and various avian species in Asia, Europe, and North America. Glycan binding preference analyses suggested that, similar to other avian-origin H10 IAVs, these gull-origin H10N7 IAVs bound to both avian-like alpha 2,3-linked sialic acids and human-like alpha 2,6-linked sialic acids. However, when the gull-origin viruses were compared with another Eurasian avian-origin H10N8 IAV, which caused human infections, the gull-origin virus showed significantly higher binding affinity to human-like glycan receptors. Results from a ferret experiment demonstrated that a gull-origin H10N7 IAV replicated well in turbinate, trachea, and lung, but replication was most efficient in turbinate and trachea. This gull-origin H10N7 virus can be transmitted between ferrets through the direct contact and aerosol routes, without prior adaptation. Gulls share their habitat with other birds and mammals and have frequent contact with humans; therefore, gull-origin H10N7 IAVs could pose a risk to public health. Surveillance and monitoring of these IAVs at the wild bird-human interface should be continued.IMPORTANCE Subtype H10 avian influenza A viruses (IAVs) have caused sporadic human infections and enzootic outbreaks among seals. In the fall of 2015, H10N7 viruses were recovered from gulls in Iceland, and genomic analyses showed that the viruses were genetically related with IAVs that caused outbreaks among seals in Europe a year earlier. These gull-origin viruses showed high binding affinity to human-like glycan receptors. Transmission studies in ferrets demonstrated that the gull-origin IAV could infect ferrets, and that the virus could be transmitted between ferrets through direct contact and aerosol droplets. This study demonstrated that avian H10 IAV can infect mammals and be transmitted among them without adaptation. Thus, avian H10 IAV is a candidate for influenza pandemic preparedness and should be monitored in wildlife and at the animal-human interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhui Guan
- Department of Basic Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Hall
- United States Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Department of Basic Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Robert J Dusek
- United States Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Alicia K Olivier
- Department of Population and Pathobiology Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Liyuan Liu
- Department of Basic Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Basic Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Scott Krauss
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Angela Danner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tao Li
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Wiriya Rutvisuttinunt
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaoxu Lin
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | - Josh TeSlaa
- United States Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sean W Nashold
- United States Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Richard Jarman
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiu-Feng Wan
- Department of Basic Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
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Eriksson P, Lindskog C, Lorente-Leal V, Waldenström J, González-Acuna D, Järhult JD, Lundkvist Å, Olsen B, Jourdain E, Ellström P. Attachment Patterns of Human and Avian Influenza Viruses to Trachea and Colon of 26 Bird Species - Support for the Community Concept. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:815. [PMID: 31057520 PMCID: PMC6482220 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza A viruses (AIVs) have a broad host range, but are most intimately associated with waterfowl (Anseriformes) and, in the case of the H13 and H16 subtypes, gulls (Charadriiformes). Host associations are multifactorial, but a key factor is the ability of the virus to bind host cell receptors and thereby initiate infection. The current study aims at investigating the tissue attachment pattern of a panel of AIVs, comprising H3N2, H6N1, H12N5, and H16N3, to avian trachea and colon tissue samples obtained from host species of different orders. Virus attachment was not restricted to the bird species or order from which the virus was isolated. Instead, extensive virus attachment was observed to several distantly related avian species. In general, more virus attachment and receptor expression were observed in trachea than in colon samples. Additionally, a human seasonal H3N2 virus was studied. Unlike the studied AIVs, this virus mainly attached to tracheae from Charadriiformes and a very limited set of avian cola. In conclusion, the reported results highlight the importance of AIV attachment to trachea in many avian species. Finally, the importance of chickens and mallards in AIVs dynamics was illustrated by the abundant AIV attachment observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Eriksson
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lindskog
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Victor Lorente-Leal
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Waldenström
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | | | - Josef D Järhult
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åke Lundkvist
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Björn Olsen
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elsa Jourdain
- UMR0346 - EPIA, INRA, VetAgro Sup, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Patrik Ellström
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Gambaryan AS, Matrosovich TY, Boravleva EY, Lomakina NF, Yamnikova SS, Tuzikov AB, Pazynina GV, Bovin NV, Fouchier RA, Klenk HD, Matrosovich MN. Receptor-binding properties of influenza viruses isolated from gulls. Virology 2018; 522:37-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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10
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Characterization of avian influenza virus attachment patterns to human and pig tissues. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12215. [PMID: 30111851 PMCID: PMC6093914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild birds of Anseriformes and Charadriiformes are natural reservoirs of influenza A viruses (IAVs). Occasionally, IAVs transmit and adapt to mammalian hosts, and are maintained as epidemic strains in their new hosts. Viral adaptions to mammalian hosts include altered receptor preference of host epithelial sialylated oligosaccharides from terminal α2,3-linked sialic acid (SA) towards α2,6-linked SA. However, α2,3-linked SA has been found in human respiratory tract epithelium, and human infections by avian IAVs (AIVs) have been reported. To further explore the attachment properties of AIVs, four AIVs of different subtypes were investigated on human and pig tissues using virus histochemistry. Additionally, glycan array analysis was performed for further characterization of IAVs' receptor structure tropism. Generally, AIV attachment was more abundant to human tissues than to pig tissues. The attachment pattern was very strong to human conjunctiva and upper respiratory tract, but variable to the lower respiratory tract. AIVs mainly attached to α2,3-linked SA, but also to combinations of α2,3- and α2,6-linked SA. The low attachment of these AIV isolates to pig tissues, but high attachment to human tissues, addresses the question whether AIVs in general require passage through pigs to obtain adaptions towards mammalian receptor structures.
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11
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Kong W. Influenza virus associated with ocular complications. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2018; 18:602-603. [DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(18)30280-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF H13 AND H16 INFLUENZA A VIRUSES IN GULLS (LARUS SPP.) WITH CLINICALLY SEVERE DISEASE AND CONCURRENT CIRCOVIRUS INFECTION. J Wildl Dis 2017; 53:561-571. [PMID: 28384060 DOI: 10.7589/2016-09-212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) of the subtypes H13 and H16 are primarily found in gulls ( Larus spp., order Charadriiformes). Although the gull-adapted subtypes replicate efficiently during infection, gulls usually remain apparently healthy during infection. Avian influenza virus isolates are generally separated into two distinct populations, North American and Eurasian, because of the limited gene flow between the continents. Reassortment between these lineages does occur occasionally; however, direct intercontinental transmission of all eight gene segments is rare. Extensive research has been done to understand the ecology of IAV subtypes that naturally circulate in ducks (order Anseriformes), but the ecology of H13 and H16 IAVs in gulls remains far less studied. In Finland, gulls were screened for IAVs for passive (dead and diseased gulls) and active (clinically healthy gulls) surveillance purposes during the years 2005-10. During that period, 11 H13, two H16 viruses, and one H3N8 IAV were detected. We sequenced partial and full-length hemagglutinin genes of these gull-origin IAVs for phylogenetic assessments. All but one of the H13 genes clustered together with northern European and northeastern Asian viruses, whereas one virus clustered with North American viruses. Interestingly, a high rate (10/14) of these low-pathogenic IAVs was detected in dead or diseased gulls. The atypical clinical status of the IAV-positive gulls and previous observations of circovirus-like inclusion bodies in diseased gulls during autopsies, led us to screen for concurrent circovirus infections in our samples. The DNA of circovirus, an immunosuppressive pathogen of both birds and mammals, was detected in 54% (7/13) of the tested IAV-positive gulls, whereas only 25% (14/56) of our panel of IAV-negative gulls tested positive by circovirus PCR.
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13
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Arnal A, Vittecoq M, Pearce-Duvet J, Gauthier-Clerc M, Boulinier T, Jourdain E. Laridae: A neglected reservoir that could play a major role in avian influenza virus epidemiological dynamics. Crit Rev Microbiol 2015; 41:508-19. [DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2013.870967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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14
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Huang Y, Wille M, Benkaroun J, Munro H, Bond AL, Fifield DA, Robertson GJ, Ojkic D, Whitney H, Lang AS. Perpetuation and reassortment of gull influenza A viruses in Atlantic North America. Virology 2014; 456-457:353-63. [PMID: 24889254 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Gulls are important hosts of avian influenza A viruses (AIVs) and gull AIVs often contain gene segments of mixed geographic and host lineage origins. In this study, the prevalence of AIV in gulls of Newfoundland, Canada from 2008 to 2011 was analyzed. Overall prevalence was low (30/1645, 1.8%) but there was a distinct peak of infection in the fall. AIV seroprevalence was high in Newfoundland gulls, with 50% of sampled gulls showing evidence of previous infection. Sequences of 16 gull AIVs were determined and analyzed to shed light on the transmission, reassortment and persistence dynamics of gull AIVs in Atlantic North America. Intercontinental and waterfowl lineage reassortment was prevalent. Of particular note were a wholly Eurasian AIV and another with an intercontinental reassortant waterfowl lineage virus. These patterns of geographic and inter-host group transmission highlight the importance of characterization of gull AIVs as part of attempts to understand global AIV dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Huang
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Avenue, St. John's, NL, Canada A1B 3X9
| | - Michelle Wille
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Avenue, St. John's, NL, Canada A1B 3X9
| | - Jessica Benkaroun
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Avenue, St. John's, NL, Canada A1B 3X9
| | - Hannah Munro
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Avenue, St. John's, NL, Canada A1B 3X9
| | - Alexander L Bond
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Avenue, St. John's, NL, Canada A1B 3X9
| | - David A Fifield
- Newfoundland and Labrador Department of Natural Resources, P.O. Box 7400, St. John's, NL, Canada A1E 3Y5
| | - Gregory J Robertson
- Wildlife Research Division, Environment Canada, 6 Bruce St., Mount Pearl, NL, Canada A1N 4T3
| | - Davor Ojkic
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Box 3612, Guelph, ON, Canada N1H 6R8
| | - Hugh Whitney
- Newfoundland and Labrador Department of Natural Resources, P.O. Box 7400, St. John's, NL, Canada A1E 3Y5
| | - Andrew S Lang
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Avenue, St. John's, NL, Canada A1B 3X9.
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