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Milano F, Casazza G, Galimberti A, Maggioni D, Isaia M. Combining distribution modelling and phylogeography to understand present, past and future of an endangered spider. BMC Ecol Evol 2024; 24:106. [PMID: 39103753 PMCID: PMC11299272 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-024-02295-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding how endangered species respond to climatic changes is fundamental for their conservation. Due to its restricted geographic range, its sensitivity to the ongoing global warming and its continuing decline, the Southwestern-Alpine endemic wolf spider Vesubia jugorum is currently classified as Endangered in the IUCN Red List. Here, we combined species distribution modelling (SDM) and phylogeographic inference to describe the present, the past and the future of this species in light of the mtDNA genetic structure of extant populations. RESULTS Phylogenetic and network analyses show a high level of genetic differentiation and a strong genetic structure of the populations, likely explicable by a long history of isolation and survival in separate refugia. The SDM projection into past climatic conditions supports these results by showing a smaller distribution range compared to present, mostly restricted to the Maritime and Ligurian Alps, which possibly served as main refugium. Future forecast shows a significant shift in the bioclimatic range towards higher altitudes and latitudes, with a drastic decrease of habitat suitability in the central and south-eastern parts of the range, with consequent general loss of haplotype diversity. CONCLUSION SDM and phylogeographic inference support the hypothesis that the current distribution and the genetic structure of the extant populations mirror the survival in situ of Vesubia jugorum across repeated glacial and interglacial phases, in line with the 'long-term stability hypothesis'. Future predictions show a significant shift in the bioclimatic range that V. jugorum will be likely unable to track, with profound impact on its long-term survival and its genetic diversity. Our considerations have implication for conservation genetics, highlighting the pivotal role of the transboundary protected areas of the SW-Alps in promoting conservation efforts for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Milano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, 10123, Italy
| | - Gabriele Casazza
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, 16132, Italy
| | - Andrea Galimberti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, 20126, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Centre, Palermo, 90133, Italy
| | - Davide Maggioni
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, 20126, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Centre, Palermo, 90133, Italy
- Marine Research and High Education (MaRHE) Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, Faafu Magoodhoo, 12030, Republic of Maldives
| | - Marco Isaia
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, 10123, Italy.
- National Biodiversity Future Centre, Palermo, 90133, Italy.
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Klesser R, Blick T, Fritze MA, Marten A, Hemauer M, Kastner L, Höfer H, Jäger G, Husemann M. Ice cage: new records and cryptic, isolated lineages in wingless snow flies (Diptera, Limoniidae: Chionea spp.) in German lower mountain ranges. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 2024; 111:15. [PMID: 38478046 PMCID: PMC10937758 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-024-01900-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
In Earth's history warm and cold periods have alternated. Especially, during the Pleistocene, the alternation between these different climatic conditions has led to frequent range expansions and retractions of many species: while thermophilic species dispersed during warm periods, cold adapted species retracted to cold refugia and vice versa. After the last Pleistocene cycle many cold adapted taxa found refuges in relict habitats in mountain ranges. One example for such a cold adapted relict is the flightless snow fly Chionea araneoides (Dalman, 1816). It can be found in lower mountain ranges of Central Europe exclusively in stone runs and stony accumulations which provide cold microclimates. Imagines develop only in winter. They have strongly restricted ranges and hence experienced strong isolation predicting that local populations may show local adaptation and hence also genetic differentiation. We investigated this for several middle mountain ranges of Germany using the COI barcoding gene. Our analyses revealed two distinct lineages, one in the Bavarian Forest and a second one in all other more northern locations up to Scandinavia. These lineages likely go back to post-Pleistocene isolation and should be studied in more detail in the future, also to confirm the taxonomic status of both lineages. Further, we confirmed former records of the species for Germany and report new records for the federal states of Saxony, Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia. Finally, we provide the first evidence of two types of males for the species, a small and a larger male type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Klesser
- Leibniz Institut zur Analyse des Biodiversitätswandels, ztm, Zoologisches Museum Hamburg Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, D-20146, Hamburg, Germany.
- Naturkundemuseum Leipzig, Lortzingstraße 3, D-04105, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Theo Blick
- Private researcher, Heidloh 8, D-95503, Hummeltal, Germany
| | - Michael-Andreas Fritze
- Arbeitsgruppe für Tierökologie und Planung GmbH, Johann-Strauß-Str. 22, 70794, Filderstadt, Germany
| | - Andreas Marten
- Harz National Park, Lindenallee 35, D-38855, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Michael Hemauer
- Private researcher, Wallbergstraße 20, D-81539, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Kastner
- Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe, Erbprinzenstr. 13, D-76133, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hubert Höfer
- Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe, Erbprinzenstr. 13, D-76133, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gero Jäger
- Private researcher, Fuldatalstraße 55, D-34125, Kassel, Germany
| | - Martin Husemann
- Leibniz Institut zur Analyse des Biodiversitätswandels, ztm, Zoologisches Museum Hamburg Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, D-20146, Hamburg, Germany
- Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe, Erbprinzenstr. 13, D-76133, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Ueki G, Zhang SN, Zhu XJ, Wen XJ, Tojo K, Kubota K. Lateral Transmission of Yeast Symbionts Among Lucanid Beetle Taxa. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:794904. [PMID: 34970248 PMCID: PMC8712881 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.794904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To deepen understanding the evolutionary process of lucanid–yeast association, the lateral transmission process of yeast symbionts among stag beetle genera Platycerus and Prismognathus around the border between Japan and South Korea was estimated based on molecular analyses and species distribution modelings. Phylogenetic analyses were based on yeast ITS and IGS sequences and beetle COI sequences using Prismognathus dauricus from the Tsushima Islands and Pr. angularis from Kyushu, Japan, as well as other sequence data from our previous studies. The range overlap based on the species distribution model (SDM) and differentiation in ecological space were analyzed. Based on the IGS sequences, Clade II yeast symbionts were shared by Platycerus hongwonpyoi and Pr. dauricus in South Korea and the Tsushima Islands, and Platycerus viridicuprus in Japan. Clade III yeasts were shared by Pr. dauricus from the Tsushima Islands and Pr. angularis in Japan. During the Last Interglacial period when the land bridge between Japan and the Korean Peninsula existed, range overlap was predicted to occur between Pl. viridicuprus and Pr. dauricus in Kyushu and between Pr. dauricus and Pr. angularis in Kyushu and the Tsushima Islands. The ecological space of Pl. hongwonpyoi was differentiated from that of Pl. viridicuprus and Pr. angularis. We demonstrated the paleogeographical lateral transmission process of Scheffersomyces yeast symbionts among lucanid genera and species: putative transmission of yeasts from Pr. dauricus to Pl. viridicuprus in Kyushu and from Pr. angularis to Pr. dauricus in Kyushu or the Tsushima Islands. We also found that the yeast symbionts are likely being replaced in Pr. dauricus on the Tsushima Islands. We present novel estimates of the lateral transmission process of microbial symbionts based on phylogenetic, SDM and environmental analyses among lucanid beetles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaku Ueki
- Department of Biology, Graduate Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Sheng-Nan Zhang
- Laboratory of Forest Zoology, Department of Forest Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Xue-Jiao Zhu
- Laboratory of Forest Zoology, Department of Forest Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan.,Guandong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Jun Wen
- Guandong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Koji Tojo
- Department of Biology, Graduate Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kôhei Kubota
- Laboratory of Forest Zoology, Department of Forest Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
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Zhang SN, Kubota K. Integrating intraspecific variation in species distribution models by quantifying niche differentiation. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blab021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Intraspecific variation provides insight into heterogeneous demography and adaptive history across distribution ranges of organisms. Most species distribution models assume that species respond to the environment as a single undifferentiated entity across their entire distribution. However, populations occupying different niches might differ in their ability to cope with climate change. Here, we assessed potential climatic niche differentiation at the species and subspecies levels and identified the palaeoclimatic range of three cold-adapted, low-dispersal beetle species: Carabus irregularis, Platycerus albisomni and Platycerus takakuwai. Our results showed that: (1) MaxEnt models incorporating information derived from intraspecific variation outperformed the species-level models; (2) tests of niche similarity revealed niche conservatism in most subspecies, except for two subspecies of C. irregularis, C. i. irregularis and C. i. bucephalus; and (3) historical predictions suggested substantial shifts within species ranges, with multiple glacial refugia during the Last Glacial Maximum. In conclusion, we recommend closer examination of intraspecific variation when predicting species distributions, in order to obtain more accurate generalizations regarding range shifts under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Nan Zhang
- Department of Forest Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kôhei Kubota
- Department of Forest Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Grant WS, Bringloe TT. Pleistocene Ice Ages Created New Evolutionary Lineages, but Limited Speciation in Northeast Pacific Winged Kelp. J Hered 2020; 111:593-605. [PMID: 33252684 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esaa053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent that Pleistocene climate variability promoted speciation has been much debated. Here, we surveyed genetic markers in winged kelp Alaria in the Gulf of Alaska, Northeast Pacific Ocean to understand how paleoclimates may have influenced diversity in this kelp. The study included wide geographic sampling over 2800 km and large sample sizes compared to previous studies of this kelp. Mitochondrial 5'-COI (664 bp), plastid rbcL-3' (740 bp) and 8 microsatellite markers in 16 populations resolved 5 well-defined lineages. COI-rbcL haplotypes were distributed chaotically among populations around the Gulf of Alaska. Principal Coordinates Analysis of microsatellite genotypes grouped plants largely by organellar lineage instead of geography, indicating reproductive isolation among lineages. However, microsatellite markers detected hybrids at 3 sites where lineages co-occurred. Local adaptation on various time scales may be responsible for some genetic differences between populations located along wave-energy and salinity gradients, but the chaotic pattern of variability over hundreds of kilometers is likely due to isolations in northern refugia during Pleistocene ice ages. The range of divergences between populations indicates that episodic glaciations led to the creation of new lineages, but population turnover (local extinctions and recolonizations) limited the formation of new species in the Northeastern Pacific Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Stewart Grant
- Genetics Laboratory, Alaska Department of Fish & Game, Anchorage, AK
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK
| | - Trevor T Bringloe
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville Campus, Victoria, Australia
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Mossakowski D, Bérces S, Hejda R, Müller-Kroehling S, Paill W, Prunar F, Rapuzzi I. High molecular diversity in Carabus (Hygrocarabus) variolosus and C. nodulosus. ACTA ZOOL ACAD SCI H 2020. [DOI: 10.17109/azh.66.suppl.147.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Carabus subgenus Hygrocarabus contains two taxa: C. variolosus and C. nodulosus, the species or subspecies status of which is handled far from uniform in the literature. Both taxa show a similar morphology, the shape of the tip of the aedeagus provides a reliable morphological marker for identification. We analysed two mitochondrial gene parts (COI-5’ and COI-3’) and a nuclear one (ITS2). High diversity was found showing specific geographical patterns. Introgressive hybridisation was detected but interpreted not as an argument for subspecies status because high genetic distances indicated that it must have taken place in former times. In a laboratory hybridisation experiment, the male did not accept the female of the other taxon, supporting the conclusion that these are separate species. A series of refuges was expected for the period of ice ages. Although only the taxon C. variolosus is listed in Annex II and IV of the EU Habitats Directive, C. nodulosus also falls under this listing, as at the time of including the species into the Annexes in 2004, the two taxa were considered subspecies and hence the listing would include both, independent of later taxonomic revisions.
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7
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Weng YM, Kavanaugh DH, Schoville SD. Drainage basins serve as multiple glacial refugia for alpine habitats in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California. Mol Ecol 2020; 30:826-843. [PMID: 33270315 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionary histories of alpine species are often directly associated with responses to glaciation. Deep divergence among populations and complex patterns of genetic variation have been inferred as consequences of persistence within glacier boundaries (i.e., on nunataks), while shallow divergence and limited genetic variation are assumed to result from expansion from large refugia at the edge of ice shields (i.e., massifs de refuge). However, for some species, dependence on specific microhabitats could profoundly influence their spatial and demographic response to glaciation, and such a simple dichotomy may obscure the localization of actual refugia. In this study, we use the Nebria ingens complex (Coleoptera: Carabidae), a water-affiliated ground beetle lineage, to test how drainage basins are linked to their observed population structure. By analysing mitochondrial COI gene sequences and genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms, we find that the major drainage systems of the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California best explain the population structure of the N. ingens complex. In addition, we find that an intermediate morphotype within the N. ingens complex is the product of historical hybridization of N. riversi and N. ingens in the San Joaquin basin during glaciation. This study highlights the importance of considering ecological preferences in how species respond to climate fluctuations and provides an explanation for discordances that are often observed in comparative phylogeographical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Weng
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David H Kavanaugh
- Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sean D Schoville
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Raupach MJ, Hannig K, Morinière J, Hendrich L. A DNA barcode library for ground beetles of Germany: the genus Pterostichus Bonelli, 1810 and allied taxa (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae). Zookeys 2020; 980:93-117. [PMID: 33192140 PMCID: PMC7642132 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.980.55979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Species of the ground beetle genus Pterostichus Bonelli, 1810 are some of the most common carabids in Europe. This publication provides a first comprehensive DNA barcode library for this genus and allied taxa including Abax Bonelli, 1810, Molops Bonelli, 1810, Poecilus Bonelli, 1810, and Stomis Clairville, 1806 for Germany and Central Europe in general. DNA barcodes were analyzed from 609 individuals that represent 51 species, including sequences from previous studies as well as more than 198 newly generated sequences. The results showed a 1:1 correspondence between BIN and traditionally recognized species for 44 species (86%), whereas two (4%) species were characterized by two BINs. Three BINs were found for one species (2%), while one BIN for two species was revealed for two species pairs (8%). Low interspecific distances with maximum pairwise K2P values below 2.2% were found for four species pairs. Haplotype sharing was found for two closely related species pairs: Pterostichusadstrictus Eschscholtz, 1823/Pterostichusoblongopunctatus (Fabricius, 1787) and Pterostichusnigrita Paykull, 1790/Pterostichusrhaeticus Heer, 1837. In contrast to this, high intraspecific sequence divergences with values above 2.2% were shown for three species (Molopspiceus (Panzer, 1793), Pterostichuspanzeri (Panzer, 1805), Pterostichusstrenuus (Panzer, 1793)). Summarizing the results, the present DNA barcode library does not only allow the identification of most of the analyzed species, but also provides valuable information for alpha-taxonomy as well as for ecological and evolutionary research. This library represents another step in building a comprehensive DNA barcode library of ground beetles as part of modern biodiversity research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Raupach
- Sektion Hemiptera, Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (SNSB - ZSM), Münchhausenstraße 21, 81247 München, Germany
| | | | - Jérome Morinière
- AIM - Advanced Identification Methods GmbH, Spinnereistraße 11, 04179 Leipzig
| | - Lars Hendrich
- Sektion Insecta varia, Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (SNSB - ZSM), Münchhausenstraße 21, 81247 München, Germany
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Zając KS, Proćków M, Zając K, Stec D, Lachowska-Cierlik D. Phylogeography and potential glacial refugia of terrestrial gastropod Faustina faustina (Rossmässler, 1835) (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata: Helicidae) inferred from molecular data and species distribution models. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-020-00464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractFaustina faustina is a conchologically highly diverse forest gastropod with several morphological forms. It is a Carpathian species, but it also occurs in northern isolated localities, where it was probably introduced. We performed the first phylogeographic analysis of 22 populations, based on three molecular markers: COI, ITS-2, and 28S rRNA. Genetic data were complemented by paleo-distribution models of spatial occupancy during the Last Glacial Maximum to strengthen inferences of refugial areas. We discovered high genetic variability of COI sequences with p-distances between haplotypes ranged from 0.2 to 18.1% (6.3–16.6% between clades). For nuclear markers, a haplotype distribution pattern was revealed. Species distribution models indicated a few potential refugia in the Carpathians, with the most climatically stable and largest areas in the Southern Carpathians. In some climate scenarios, putative microrefugia were also predicted in the Western and Eastern Carpathians, and in the Apuseni Mts. Our results suggest the glacial in situ survival of F. faustina and its Holocene expansion in the Sudetes. Although our genetic data as well as shell phenotypes showed considerable variation within and between studied populations, the molecular species delimitation approaches still imply only one single species. Our study contributes to the understanding of the impact of processes on shaping contemporary population genetic structure and diversity in low-dispersal, forest species.
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Muñoz-Tobar SI, Caterino MS. The role of dispersal for shaping phylogeographical structure of flightless beetles from the Andes. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7226. [PMID: 31304068 PMCID: PMC6611450 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Páramo is a tropical alpine ecosystem present in the northern Andes. Its patchy distribution imposes limits and barriers to specialist inhabitants. We aim to assess the effects of this habitat distribution on divergence across two independently flightless ground beetle lineages, in the genera Dyscolus and Dercylus. Methods One nuclear and one mitochondrial gene from 110 individuals from 10 sites across the two lineages were sequenced and analyzed using a combination of phylogenetics, population genetic analyses, and niche modeling methods. Results The two lineages show different degrees of population subdivision. Low levels of gene flow were found in Dyscolus alpinus, where one dominant haplotype is found in four out of the six populations analyzed for both molecular markers. However, complete population isolation was revealed in species of the genus Dercylus, where high levels of differentiation exist at species and population level for both genes. Maximum entropy models of species in the Dercylus lineage show overlapping distributions. Still, species distributions appear to be restricted to small areas across the Andes. Conclusion Even though both beetle lineages are flightless, the dispersal ability of each beetle lineage appears to influence the genetic diversity across fragmented páramo populations, where Dyscolus alpinus appears to be a better disperser than species in the genus Dercylus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia I Muñoz-Tobar
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.,Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Michael S Caterino
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
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Calatayud J, Rodríguez MÁ, Molina-Venegas R, Leo M, Horreo JL, Hortal J. Pleistocene climate change and the formation of regional species pools. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20190291. [PMID: 31213189 PMCID: PMC6599989 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the description of bioregions dates back to the origin of biogeography, the processes originating their associated species pools have been seldom studied. Ancient historical events are thought to play a fundamental role in configuring bioregions, but the effects of more recent events on these regional biotas are largely unknown. We used a network approach to identify regional and sub-regional faunas of European Carabus beetles and developed a method to explore the relative contribution of dispersal barriers, niche similarities and phylogenetic history on their configuration. We identify a transition zone matching the limit of the ice sheets at the Last Glacial Maximum. While southern species pools are mostly separated by dispersal barriers, in the north species are mainly sorted by their environmental niches. Strikingly, most phylogenetic structuration of Carabus faunas occurred during the Pleistocene. Our results show how extreme recent historical events-such as Pleistocene climate cooling, rather than just deep-time evolutionary processes-can profoundly modify the composition and structure of geographical species pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Calatayud
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, Edificio de Ciencias, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona km. 33,6, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Integrated Science Lab, Department of Physics, Umeå University, Naturvetarhuset, byggnad G, NA plan 3, IceLab Umeå universitet, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Miguel Ángel Rodríguez
- GLOCEE—Global Change Ecology and Evolution Group, Department of Life Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid 28805, Spain
| | - Rafael Molina-Venegas
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, Bern 3013, Switzerland
| | - María Leo
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid (CSIC), 28014 Madrid, España
| | - Jose Luis Horreo
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Hortal
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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12
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Safonkin AF, Triseleva TA, Yatsuk AA, Petrosyan VG. Morphometric and Molecular Diversity of the Holarctic Meromyza saltatrix (L., 1761) (Diptera, Chloropidae) in Eurasia. BIOL BULL+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359018040131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Copilaş-Ciocianu D, Zimţa AA, Grabowski M, Petrusek A. Survival in northern microrefugia in an endemic Carpathian gammarid (Crustacea: Amphipoda). ZOOL SCR 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Copilaş-Ciocianu
- Department of Ecology; Faculty of Science; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology of Hydrobionts; Nature Research Centre; Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Alina-Andreea Zimţa
- Department of Ecology; Faculty of Science; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Biology-Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry, Biology, Geography; West University of Timişoara; Timişoara Romania
| | - Michał Grabowski
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology; Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection; University of Lodz; Łódź Poland
| | - Adam Petrusek
- Department of Ecology; Faculty of Science; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
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Roberto P, Pietro B. Species rediscovery or lucky endemic? Looking for the supposed missing species Leistus punctatissimus through a biogeographer's eye (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Zookeys 2018:97-108. [PMID: 29674891 PMCID: PMC5904438 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.740.23495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Is it correct to look for a supposedly missing species by focusing research at the type locality? A species can be declared extinct because for an unusual amount of time it has not been seen again; however, in the frame of the climate change it is likely that a supposedly missing species is a lucky survivor not seen because it was not searched for in the correct environment. We used the strictly endemic Leistuspunctatissimus Breit, 1914 (Coleoptera, Carabidae) as the case study for testing the latter hypothesis vs. the type locality approach. On the basis of past unsuccessful searches in the Dolomites (a mountain range in the eastern Alps, Italy) driven by the type locality approach, a study area was selected where climate change may have exerted environmental constraints on endemic species. Five pitfall traps were used in each of seven sample sites, at an average altitude of 2600 m a.s.l., within a high altitude alpine plateau covered by scarce patchy vegetation. Leistuspunctatissimus was rediscovered, far from its type locality, after one hundred years since its first collection. It was part of a group of species well adapted to the extreme ecological factors of the alpine environments above the vegetation line. Following a biogeographical approach (i.e., the biogeographer’s eye rather than the collector’s eye) it was possible to find an endemic species of the alpine ecological landscape in places from where it probably had never disappeared. The supposed refugial area was a nunatak during the last glacial period, where Leistuspunctatissimus found suitable habitat conditions, and from where it alternated between downward and uphill changes in its distribution range after the last glacial period, under the effect of climate change. From such a perspective, it can be concluded that the type locality may be the wrong place to look for a supposedly extinct species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pizzolotto Roberto
- Dept. Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra, Università della Calabria, Italy
| | - Brandmayr Pietro
- Dept. Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra, Università della Calabria, Italy
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Pizzolotto R, Brandmayr P. Species rediscovery or lucky endemic? Looking for the supposed missing species Leistus punctatissimus through a biogeographer’s eye (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Zookeys 2018. [DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.738.23495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Is it correct to look for a supposedly missing species by focusing research at the type locality? A species can be declared extinct because for an unusual amount of time it has not been seen again; however, in the frame of the climate change it is likely that a supposedly missing species is a lucky survivor not seen because it was not searched for in the correct environment. We used the strictly endemic Leistuspunctatissimus Breit, 1914 (Coleoptera, Carabidae) as the case study for testing the latter hypothesis vs. the type locality approach. On the basis of past unsuccessful searches in the Dolomites (a mountain range in the eastern Alps, Italy) driven by the type locality approach, a study area was selected where climate change may have exerted environmental constraints on endemic species. Five pitfall traps were used in each of seven sample sites, at an average altitude of 2600 m a.s.l., within a high altitude alpine plateau covered by scarce patchy vegetation. Leistuspunctatissimus was rediscovered, far from its type locality, after one hundred years since its first collection. It was part of a group of species well adapted to the extreme ecological factors of the alpine environments above the vegetation line. Following a biogeographical approach (i.e., the biogeographer’s eye rather than the collector’s eye) it was possible to find an endemic species of the alpine ecological landscape in places from where it probably had never disappeared. The supposed refugial area was a nunatak during the last glacial period, where Leistuspunctatissimus found suitable habitat conditions, and from where it alternated between downward and uphill changes in its distribution range after the last glacial period, under the effect of climate change. From such a perspective, it can be concluded that the type locality may be the wrong place to look for a supposedly extinct species.
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Kindler C, Graciá E, Fritz U. Extra-Mediterranean glacial refuges in barred and common grass snakes (Natrix helvetica, N. natrix). Sci Rep 2018; 8:1821. [PMID: 29379101 PMCID: PMC5788984 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20218-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Extra-Mediterranean glacial refugia of thermophilic biota, in particular in northern latitudes, are controversial. In the present study we provide genetic evidence for extra-Mediterranean refugia in two species of grass snake. The refuge of a widely distributed western European lineage of the barred grass snake (Natrix helvetica) was most likely located in southern France, outside the classical refuges in the southern European peninsulas. One genetic lineage of the common grass snake (N. natrix), distributed in Scandinavia, Central Europe and the Balkan Peninsula, had two distinct glacial refuges. We show that one was located in the southern Balkan Peninsula. However, Central Europe and Scandinavia were not colonized from there, but from a second refuge in Central Europe. This refuge was located in between the northern ice sheet and the Alpine glaciers of the last glaciation and most likely in a permafrost region. Another co-distributed genetic lineage of N. natrix, now massively hybridizing with the aforementioned lineage, survived the last glaciation in a structured refuge in the southern Balkan Peninsula, according to the idea of 'refugia-within-refugia'. It reached Central Europe only very recently. This study reports for the first time the glacial survival of a thermophilic egg-laying reptile species in Central Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Kindler
- Museum of Zoology (Museum für Tierkunde), Senckenberg Dresden, A. B. Meyer Building, 01109, Dresden, Germany
| | - Eva Graciá
- Ecology Area, Department of Applied Biology, Miguel Hernández University, Av. de la Universidad, Torreblanca, 03202, Elche, Spain
| | - Uwe Fritz
- Museum of Zoology (Museum für Tierkunde), Senckenberg Dresden, A. B. Meyer Building, 01109, Dresden, Germany.
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Iorgu IŞ, Iorgu EI, Szövényi G, Orci KM. A new, morphologically cryptic bush-cricket discovered on the basis of its song in the Carpathian Mountains (Insecta, Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae). Zookeys 2017:57-72. [PMID: 28769716 PMCID: PMC5523380 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.680.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A new, morphologically cryptic species of phaneropterine bush-crickets is described from the grasslands of the Romanian Eastern Carpathians. Despite the morphological and acoustic similarities with the recently described Isophyanagyi Szövényi, Puskás & Orci, I.bucovinensissp. n. is characterized by a peculiar male calling song, with faster syllable repetition rate (160–220 syllables per minute, at 22–27°C) and less complex syllable structure (composed of only two elements instead of three observable in I.nagyi). The morphological description of the new species is supplemented with an oscillographic and spectrographic analysis of the male calling song and male–female pair-forming acoustic duet. An acoustic signal-based identification key is provided for all the presently known species of the Isophyacamptoxypha species group, including the new species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionuţ Ştefan Iorgu
- "Grigore Antipa" National Museum of Natural History, Kiseleff blvd. 1, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Iulia Iorgu
- "Grigore Antipa" National Museum of Natural History, Kiseleff blvd. 1, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gergely Szövényi
- Department of Systematic Zoology & Ecology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/c, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kirill Márk Orci
- MTA-ELTE-MTM Ecology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University and Hungarian Natural History Museum, Pázmány P. sétány 1/c, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
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Copilaş-Ciocianu D, Rutová T, Pařil P, Petrusek A. Epigean gammarids survived millions of years of severe climatic fluctuations in high latitude refugia throughout the Western Carpathians. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017; 112:218-229. [PMID: 28478197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Isolated glacial refugia have been documented in Central Europe for a number of taxa, but conclusive evidence for epigean aquatic species has remained elusive. Using molecular data (mitochondrial and nuclear markers), we compared the spatial patterns of lineage diversity of the widely distributed Gammarus fossarum species complex between two adjacent biogeographically and geomorphologically distinct Central European regions: the Bohemian Massif and the Western Carpathians. We investigated if the observed patterns of spatial diversity are more likely to stem from historical or present-day factors. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses revealed eight phylogenetically diverse lineages: two exhibiting local signatures of recent demographic expansion inhabit both regions, while the other six display a relict distributional pattern and are found only in the Western Carpathians. Molecular dating indicates that these lineages are old and probably diverged throughout the Miocene (7-18Ma). Furthermore, their distribution does not seem to be constrained by the present boundaries of river catchments or topography. The contrasting spatial patterns of diversity observed between the two regions thus more likely result from historical rather than contemporaneous or recent factors. Our results indicate that despite the high latitude and proximity to the Pleistocene ice sheets, the Western Carpathians functioned as long-term glacial refugia for permanent freshwater fauna, allowing the uninterrupted survival of ancient lineages through millions of years of drastic climatic fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Copilaş-Ciocianu
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Viničná 7, 12844 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Tereza Rutová
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Viničná 7, 12844 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pařil
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Botany and Zoology, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Petrusek
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Viničná 7, 12844 Prague, Czech Republic
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Noguerales V, Cordero PJ, Ortego J. Testing the role of ancient and contemporary landscapes on structuring genetic variation in a specialist grasshopper. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:3110-3122. [PMID: 28480010 PMCID: PMC5415511 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the processes underlying spatial patterns of genetic diversity and structure of natural populations is a central topic in evolutionary biogeography. In this study, we combine data on ancient and contemporary landscape composition to get a comprehensive view of the factors shaping genetic variation across the populations of the scrub‐legume grasshopper (Chorthippus binotatus binotatus) from the biogeographically complex region of southeast Iberia. First, we examined geographical patterns of genetic structure and employed an approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) approach to compare different plausible scenarios of population divergence. Second, we used a landscape genetic framework to test for the effects of (1) Late Miocene paleogeography, (2) Pleistocene climate fluctuations, and (3) contemporary topographic complexity on the spatial patterns of population genetic differentiation. Genetic structure and ABC analyses supported the presence of three genetic clusters and a sequential west‐to‐east splitting model that predated the last glacial maximum (LGM, c. 21 Kya). Landscape genetic analyses revealed that population genetic differentiation was primarily shaped by contemporary topographic complexity, but was not explained by any paleogeographic scenario or resistance distances based on climate suitability in the present or during the LGM. Overall, this study emphasizes the need of integrating information on ancient and contemporary landscape composition to get a comprehensive view of their relative importance to explain spatial patterns of genetic variation in organisms inhabiting regions with complex biogeographical histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Noguerales
- Grupo de Investigación de la Biodiversidad Genética y Cultural Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos - IREC (CSIC, UCLM, JCCM) Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Pedro J Cordero
- Grupo de Investigación de la Biodiversidad Genética y Cultural Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos - IREC (CSIC, UCLM, JCCM) Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Joaquín Ortego
- Department of Integrative Ecology Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC) Seville Spain
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Mráz P, Ronikier M. Biogeography of the Carpathians: evolutionary and spatial facets of biodiversity. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Mráz
- Herbarium and Department of Botany; Charles University; Benátská 2 12801 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Michał Ronikier
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany; Polish Academy of Sciences; Lubicz 46 31-512 Kraków Poland
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Robin V, Nadeau MJ, Grootes PM, Bork HR, Nelle O. Too early and too northerly: evidence of temperate trees in northern Central Europe during the Younger Dryas. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 212:259-268. [PMID: 26847468 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents highly unexpected paleobotanical data. Eight (14) C-accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dates of soil macrocharcoal pieces, identified taxonomically, indicate the presence of oak and beech in the Younger Dryas, and pine in the Allerød, in the northernmost low mountain range of Central Europe, the Harz Mountains, in Germany. If the presence of pine at such latitude and periods is not surprising, the presence of temperate-adapted trees is highly improbable, because they are assumed to have reached the area from a southern location several thousand years later. Two hypotheses are postulated to explain this record. Both are related to the warm periods of the Bølling and Allerød: the classically 'short' duration of this warm period makes the migration of the temperate trees from the identified refuge areas in the southern location implausible, and so the presence of intermediary microrefugia at a medium latitude in Central Europe is postulated; recent data reveal that the warm period of the Late Glacial phase was much longer than considered in the classical view and, thus, would be long enough for a northward migration of temperate-adapted trees. Although our dataset does not permit disentanglement of these hypotheses, it provides significant innovative insights for the biogeography of Central Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Robin
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Continental Environments, University of Lorraine, Campus Bridoux, Bât. IBISE, 8 rue du Général Delestraint, 57070, Metz, France
| | - Marie-Josée Nadeau
- Department of Archaeometry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pieter M Grootes
- Institute for Ecosystem Research, University of Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 75, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hans-Rudolf Bork
- Institute for Ecosystem Research, University of Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 75, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Oliver Nelle
- Baden-Wuerttemberg State Office for Cultural Heritage - Tree-ring Lab, Fischersteig 9, 78343, Hemmenhofen, Germany
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García-Vázquez D, Ribera I. The origin of widespread species in a poor dispersing lineage (diving beetle genus Deronectes). PeerJ 2016; 4:e2514. [PMID: 27703857 PMCID: PMC5045878 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In most lineages, most species have restricted geographic ranges, with only few reaching widespread distributions. How these widespread species reached their current ranges is an intriguing biogeographic and evolutionary question, especially in groups known to be poor dispersers. We reconstructed the biogeographic and temporal origin of the widespread species in a lineage with particularly poor dispersal capabilities, the diving beetle genus Deronectes (Dytiscidae). Most of the ca. 60 described species of Deronectes have narrow ranges in the Mediterranean area, with only four species with widespread European distributions. We sequenced four mitochondrial and two nuclear genes of 297 specimens of 109 different populations covering the entire distribution of the four lineages of Deronectes, including widespread species. Using Bayesian probabilities with an a priori evolutionary rate, we performed (1) a global phylogeny/phylogeography to estimate the relationships of the main lineages within each group and root them, and (2) demographic analyses of the best population coalescent model for each species group, including a reconstruction of the geographical history estimated from the distribution of the sampled localities. We also selected 56 specimens to test for the presence of Wolbachia, a maternally transmitted parasite that can alter the patterns of mtDNA variability. All species of the four studied groups originated in the southern Mediterranean peninsulas and were estimated to be of Pleistocene origin. In three of the four widespread species, the central and northern European populations were nested within those in the northern areas of the Anatolian, Balkan and Iberian peninsulas respectively, suggesting a range expansion at the edge of the southern refugia. In the Mediterranean peninsulas the widespread European species were replaced by vicariant taxa of recent origin. The fourth species (D. moestus) was proven to be a composite of unrecognised lineages with more restricted distributions around the Western and Central Mediterranean. The analysis of Wolbachia showed a high prevalence of infection among Deronectes, especially in the D. aubei group, where all sequenced populations were infected with the only exception of the Cantabrian Mountains, the westernmost area of distribution of the lineage. In this group there was a phylogenetic incongruence between the mitochondrial and the nuclear sequence, although no clear pattern links this discordance to the Wolbachia infection. Our results suggest that, in different glacial cycles, populations that happened to be at the edge of the newly deglaciated areas took advantage of the optimal ecological conditions to expand their ranges to central and northern Europe. Once this favourable ecological window ended populations become isolated, resulting in the presence of closely related but distinct species in the Mediterranean peninsulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- David García-Vázquez
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Ignacio Ribera
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra) , Barcelona , Spain
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Fusco G, Leśniewska M, Congiu L, Bertorelle G. Population genetic structure of a centipede species with high levels of developmental instability. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126245. [PMID: 26029915 PMCID: PMC4452494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
European populations of the geophilomorph centipede Haplophilus subterraneus show a high proportion of individuals with morphological anomalies, suggesting high levels of developmental instability. The broad geographic distribution of this phenomenon seems to exclude local environmental causes, but the source of instability is still to be identified. The goal of the present study was to collect quantitative data on the occurrence of phenodeviants in different populations, along with data on the patterns of genetic variation within and between populations, in order to investigate possible association between developmental instability and genetic features. In a sample of 11 populations of H. subterraneus, distributed in western and central Europe, we looked for phenodeviants, in particular with respect to trunk morphology, and studied genetic variation through the genotyping of microsatellite loci. Overall, no support was found to the idea that developmental instability in H. subterraneus is related to a specific patterns of genetic variation, including inbreeding estimates. We identified a major genetic partition that subdivides French populations from the others, and a low divergence among northwestern areas, which are possibly related to the post-glacial recolonization from southern refugia and/or to recent anthropogenic soil displacements. A weak correlation between individual number of leg bearing segments and the occurrence of trunk anomalies seems to support a trade-off between these two developmental traits. These results, complemented by preliminary data on developmental stability in two related species, suggest that the phenomenon has not a simple taxonomic distribution, while it exhibits an apparent localization in central and eastern Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Fusco
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Giorgio Bertorelle
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Boston ESM, Puechmaille SJ, Clissmann F, Teeling EC. Further Evidence for Cryptic North-Western Refugia in Europe? Mitochondrial Phylogeography of the Sibling SpeciesPipistrellus pipistrellusandPipistrellus pygmaeus. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2014. [DOI: 10.3161/150811014x687233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Harl J, Páll-Gergely B, Kirchner S, Sattmann H, Duda M, Kruckenhauser L, Haring E. Phylogeography of the land snail genus Orcula (Orculidae, Stylommatophora) with emphasis on the Eastern Alpine taxa: speciation, hybridization and morphological variation. BMC Evol Biol 2014; 14:223. [PMID: 25359314 PMCID: PMC4219030 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-014-0223-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Central and Southern European mountain ranges represent important biodiversity hotspots and show high levels of endemism. In the land snail genus Orcula Held, 1837 nine species are distributed in the Alps and a few taxa inhabit the Carpathians, the Dinarids and the Western Black Sea region. In order to elucidate the general patterns of temporal and geographic diversification, mitochondrial and nuclear markers were analyzed in all 13 Orcula species. We particularly aimed to clarify whether the Alpine taxa represent a monophyletic group and if the local species diversity is rather the result of isolation in geographically separated Pleistocene glacial refuges or earlier Tertiary and Quaternary palaeogeographic events. In order to test if patterns of molecular genetic and morphological differentiation were congruent and/or if hybridization had occurred, shell morphometric investigations were performed on the Orcula species endemic to the Alps. RESULTS The phylogenetic trees resulting from the analyses of both the mitochondrial (COI, 12S and 16S) and the nuclear (H4/H3) data sets revealed three main groups, which correspond to the three subgenera Orcula, Illyriobanatica and Hausdorfia. The reconstruction of the historic geographic ranges suggested that the genus originated in the Dinarides during the Middle Miocene and first colonized the Alps during the Late Miocene, giving rise to the most diverse subgenus Orcula. Within the latter subgenus (including all Alpine endemics) almost all species were differentiated by both molecular genetic markers and by shell morphometrics, except O. gularis and O. pseudodolium. CONCLUSIONS The present study confirms the importance of the Alps as biodiversity hotspot and origin center of land snail diversity. The species diversity in the subgenus Orcula was likely promoted by Miocene to Pliocene palaeogeographic events and the insular distribution of preferred limestone areas. In some cases, speciation events could be linked to the divergence of populations in glacial refuges during the Pleistocene. Sporadic contact between geographically separated and reproductively not yet isolated populations led to intermixture of haplogroups within species and even hybridization and mitochondrial capture between species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Harl
- Central Research Laboratories, Museum of Natural History, Burgring 7, Vienna, 1010, Austria. .,Department of Integrative Zoology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
| | | | - Sandra Kirchner
- Central Research Laboratories, Museum of Natural History, Burgring 7, Vienna, 1010, Austria.
| | - Helmut Sattmann
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Museum of Natural History, Burgring 7, Vienna, 1010, Austria.
| | - Michael Duda
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Museum of Natural History, Burgring 7, Vienna, 1010, Austria.
| | - Luise Kruckenhauser
- Central Research Laboratories, Museum of Natural History, Burgring 7, Vienna, 1010, Austria.
| | - Elisabeth Haring
- Central Research Laboratories, Museum of Natural History, Burgring 7, Vienna, 1010, Austria. .,Department of Integrative Zoology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
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Mamos T, Wattier R, Majda A, Sket B, Grabowski M. Morphological vs. molecular delineation of taxa across montane regions in Europe: the case study of Gammarus balcanicus
Schäferna, (Crustacea: Amphipoda). J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Mamos
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology; University of Lodz; Lodz Poland
| | - Remi Wattier
- Equipe Ecologie Evolutive; UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon France
| | - Aneta Majda
- Insitute of Paleobiology; Polish Academy of Sciences; Warsaw Poland
| | - Boris Sket
- Oddelek za biologijo; Biotehniška fakulteta; Univerza v Ljubljani; Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Michał Grabowski
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology; University of Lodz; Lodz Poland
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Louy D, Habel JC, Ulrich W, Schmitt T. Out of the alps: the biogeography of a disjunctly distributed mountain butterfly, the almond-eyed ringlet Erebia alberganus (Lepidoptera, Satyrinae). J Hered 2013; 105:28-38. [PMID: 24286723 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/est081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies on the biogeography of thermophilic and arctic-alpine species were performed during the past. Only little is known about species with intermediate characteristics. We analyzed the molecular biogeography of the butterfly Erebia alberganus (30 populations, representing 1106 individuals), sampled over the Alps, Apennines (Italy), and the Stara Planina (Bulgaria) using allozyme electrophoresis (17 loci). Genetic analyses revealed 3 major splits, with the strongest between the Stara Planina populations and all other populations, and a weaker split between the Alps and the Apennines. Individuals from the Apennines were genetically nested within the Alps group. The Alps cluster was segregated into 3 groups: the Southwestern, Western/Central, and Eastern Alps. The genetic diversities were highest for the Alps populations and significantly lower in the 2 isolates (Apennines, Stara Planina). The remarkable genetic split between Stara Planina and all other populations and the genetic distinctiveness of the former cluster might be interpreted as an ancient colonization event of this Balkan mountain range. The Apennines populations derive from a more recent expansion out of the Southwestern Alps. After surviving the Würm ice age most probably in the central Apennines, accompanied by genetic modification of some of these populations, northward expansion might have started from the western parts of the central Apennines reaching the northern Apennines during the early postglacial. The subtle genetic differentiation found among the Alps populations probably reflects 3 geographically disjunct Würm glacial centers located at the western slopes of the Southwestern Alps, at the southern slopes of the Central Alps, and in the Southeastern Alps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Louy
- the Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Universitätsring 15, D-54286 Trier, Germany
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