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Ijee S, Chambayil K, Chaudhury AD, Bagchi A, Modak K, Das S, Benjamin ESB, Rani S, Paul DZ, Nath A, Roy D, Palani D, Priyanka S, Ravichandran R, Kumary BK, Sivamani Y, S. V, Babu D, Nakamura Y, Thamodaran V, Balasubramanian P, Velayudhan SR. Efficient deletion of microRNAs using CRISPR/Cas9 with dual guide RNAs. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 10:1295507. [PMID: 38628442 PMCID: PMC11020096 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1295507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that play crucial roles in gene regulation, exerting post-transcriptional silencing, thereby influencing cellular function, development, and disease. Traditional loss-of-function methods for studying miRNA functions, such as miRNA inhibitors and sponges, present limitations in terms of specificity, transient effects, and off-target effects. Similarly, CRISPR/Cas9-based editing of miRNAs using single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) also has limitations in terms of design space for generating effective gRNAs. In this study, we introduce a novel approach that utilizes CRISPR/Cas9 with dual guide RNAs (dgRNAs) for the rapid and efficient generation of short deletions within miRNA genomic regions. Through the expression of dgRNAs through single-copy lentiviral integration, this approach achieves over a 90% downregulation of targeted miRNAs within a week. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of various parameters influencing efficient deletion formation. In addition, we employed doxycycline (Dox)-inducible expression of Cas9 from the AAVS1 locus, enabling homogeneous, temporal, and stage-specific editing during cellular differentiation. Compared to miRNA inhibitory methods, the dgRNA-based approach offers higher specificity, allowing for the deletion of individual miRNAs with similar seed sequences, without affecting other miRNAs. Due to the increased design space, the dgRNA-based approach provides greater flexibility in gRNA design compared to the sgRNA-based approach. We successfully applied this approach in two human cell lines, demonstrating its applicability for studying the mechanisms of human erythropoiesis and pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) biology and differentiation. Efficient deletion of miR-451 and miR-144 resulted in blockage of erythroid differentiation, and the deletion of miR-23a and miR-27a significantly affected iPSC survival. We have validated the highly efficient deletion of genomic regions by editing protein-coding genes, resulting in a significant impact on protein expression. This protocol has the potential to be extended to delete multiple miRNAs within miRNA clusters, allowing for future investigations into the cooperative effects of the cluster members on cellular functions. The protocol utilizing dgRNAs for miRNA deletion can be employed to generate efficient pooled libraries for high-throughput comprehensive analysis of miRNAs involved in different biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smitha Ijee
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of inStem, Bengaluru), Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore, India
| | - Karthik Chambayil
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of inStem, Bengaluru), Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
- Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Science and Medical Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Anurag Dutta Chaudhury
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhirup Bagchi
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of inStem, Bengaluru), Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
| | - Kirti Modak
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Saswati Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore, India
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
| | - Esther Sathya Bama Benjamin
- Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Science and Medical Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
| | - Sonam Rani
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of inStem, Bengaluru), Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore, India
| | - Daniel Zechariah Paul
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Aneesha Nath
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of inStem, Bengaluru), Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
| | - Debanjan Roy
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Dhavapriya Palani
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of inStem, Bengaluru), Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
| | - Sweety Priyanka
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
| | | | - Betty K. Kumary
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
| | - Yazhini Sivamani
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
| | - Vijayanand S.
- Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore, India
| | - Dinesh Babu
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of inStem, Bengaluru), Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
| | - Yukio Nakamura
- Cell Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Vasanth Thamodaran
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of inStem, Bengaluru), Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
- Tata Institute of Genetics and Society, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Shaji R. Velayudhan
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of inStem, Bengaluru), Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
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Yan J, Ai C, Chen Q, Wang Q, Zhu Y, Li M, Chen K, He M, Shen M, Chen L, Zhang R, Zheng C, Liao W, Bin J, Lin H, Ma S, Tan N, Liao Y. CircMap4k2 Reactivated by Aneurysm Plication Alleviates Residual Cardiac Remodeling After SVR by Enhancing Cardiomyocyte Proliferation in Post-MI Mice. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00373-9. [PMID: 38043608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Surgical ventricular reconstruction (SVR) is an alternative therapeutic approach in patients with refractory heart failure (HF), but residual remodeling after SVR limits the improvement of HF. Recently, we reported that SVR may act as an environmental cue to reactivate endogenous proliferation of cardiomyocytes; however, it is unclear whether enhancing endogenous cardiomyocyte regeneration further improves HF after SVR. OBJECTIVES We aimed to explore whether circular RNAs (circRNAs) would involved in SVR and their mechanisms. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to myocardial infarction (MI) or sham surgery. Four weeks later, MI mice with a large ventricular aneurysm underwent SVR or a second open-chest operation only. Echocardiography and histological analysis were used to evaluate heart function, cardiac remodeling, and myocardial regeneration. Sequencing of circular RNAs, RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA pulldown, and luciferase reporter assay were used to explore the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS SVR markedly attenuated cardiac remodeling and induced cardiomyocyte regeneration, as evidenced by positive staining of Ki-67, phospho-histone H3 (pH3), and Aurora B in the plication zone, but significant residual remodeling still existed in comparison with the sham group. Sequencing results showed that SVR altered the expression profile of cardiac circRNAs, and circMap4k2 was identified as the most upregulated one. After characterizing circMap4k2, we noted that overexpression of circMap4k2 significantly promoted proliferation of cardiomyocytes in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and silencing of circMap4k2 significantly inhibited it; similar results were obtained in SVR-treated MI mice but not in MI mice without SVR treatment. Residual cardiac remodeling after SVR was further attenuated by circMap4k2 overexpression. CircMap4k2 bound with miR-106a-3p and inhibited cardiomyocyte proliferation by targeting a downstream effector of the antizyme inhibitor 1 (Azin1) gene. CONCLUSIONS CircMap4k2 acts as an environmental cue and targets the miR-106a-3p/Azin1 pathway to increase cardiac regeneration in the plication zone and attenuate residual remodeling after SVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenzhi Ai
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuhan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingqi Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingjue Li
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaitong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyuan He
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengjia Shen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cankun Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wangjun Liao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Bin
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hairuo Lin
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyuan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yulin Liao
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Cardiovascular Center, the Affiliated Sixth Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
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Daneshpour M, Ghadimi-Daresajini A. Overview of miR-106a Regulatory Roles: from Cancer to Aging. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:892. [PMID: 37627777 PMCID: PMC10451182 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10080892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) comprise a class of non-coding RNA with extensive regulatory functions within cells. MiR-106a is recognized for its super-regulatory roles in vital processes. Hence, the analysis of its expression in association with diseases has attracted considerable attention for molecular diagnosis and drug development. Numerous studies have investigated miR-106 target genes and shown that this miRNA regulates the expression of some critical cell cycle and apoptosis factors, suggesting miR-106a as an ideal diagnostic and prognostic biomarker with therapeutic potential. Furthermore, the reported correlation between miR-106a expression level and cancer drug resistance has demonstrated the complexity of its functions within different tissues. In this study, we have conducted a comprehensive review on the expression levels of miR-106a in various cancers and other diseases, emphasizing its target genes. The promising findings surrounding miR-106a suggest its potential as a valuable biomolecule. However, further validation assessments and overcoming existing limitations are crucial steps before its clinical implementation can be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Daneshpour
- Biotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
| | - Ali Ghadimi-Daresajini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Allied Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran;
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Drobna-Śledzińska M, Maćkowska-Maślak N, Jaksik R, Dąbek P, Witt M, Dawidowska M. CRISPRi for specific inhibition of miRNA clusters and miRNAs with high sequence homology. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6297. [PMID: 35428787 PMCID: PMC9012752 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10336-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNAs form a class of noncoding RNAs, involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, broadly studied for their involvement in physiological and pathological context. Inhibition of mature miRNA transcripts, commonly used in miRNA loss-of-function experiments, may not be specific in case of miRNAs with high sequence homology, e.g. miRNAs from the same seed family. Phenotypic effects of miRNA repression might be biased by the repression of highly similar miRNAs. Another challenge is simultaneous inhibition of multiple miRNAs encoded within policistronic clusters, potentially co-regulating common biological processes. To elucidate roles of miRNA clusters and miRNAs with high sequence homology, it is of key importance to selectively repress only the miRNAs of interest. Targeting miRNAs on genomic level with CRISPR/dCas9-based methods is an attractive alternative to blocking mature miRNAs. Yet, so far no clear guidelines on the design of CRISPR inhibition (CRISPRi) experiments, specifically for miRNA repression, have been proposed. To address this need, here we propose a strategy for effective inhibition of miRNAs and miRNA clusters using CRISPRi. We provide clues on how to approach the challenges in using CRISPR/dCas in miRNA studies, which include prediction of miRNA transcription start sites (TSSs) and the design of single guide RNAs (sgRNAs). The strategy implements three TSS prediction online tools, dedicated specifically for miRNAs: miRStart, FANTOM 5 miRNA atlas, DIANA-miRGen, and CRISPOR tool for sgRNAs design; it includes testing and selection of optimal sgRNAs. We demonstrate that compared to siRNA/shRNA-based miRNA silencing, CRISPRi improves the repression specificity for miRNAs with highly similar sequence and contribute to higher uniformity of the effects of silencing the whole miRNA clusters. This strategy may be adapted for CRISPR-mediated activation (CRISPRa) of miRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Drobna-Śledzińska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Natalia Maćkowska-Maślak
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznań, Poland
| | - Roman Jaksik
- Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Paulina Dąbek
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznań, Poland
| | - Michał Witt
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Dawidowska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznań, Poland.
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Long noncoding RNA TTTY15 promotes growth and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by sponging microRNA-337-3p to upregulate the expression of JAK2. Anticancer Drugs 2021; 31:1038-1045. [PMID: 32868648 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) testis-specific transcript, Y-linked 15 (TTTY15) plays an important regulatory role in prostate cancer, but its role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the expression pattern, biological function and underlying mechanism of TTTY15 in ESCC. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of TTTY15 and microRNA (miR)-337-3p in ESCC tissues and cell lines. Cell counting kit-8 method was used to detect the proliferation of ESCC cells. Transwell method was used to determine the migration and invasion of ESCC cells. Luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the interaction between TTTY15 and miR-337-3p. Western blot was used to analyze the effects of TTTY15 and miR-337-3p on Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) expression. In the present study, we demonstrated that the expression level of TTTY15 was significantly upregulated in ESCC tissues, while the expression of miR-337-3p was downregulated. In ESCC samples, the expression levels of TTTY15 and miR-337-3p were negatively correlated. TTTY15 knockdown could significantly reduce the proliferation, migration and invasion of ESCC cells, and miR-337-3p mimics had similar effects. In addition, overexpression of TTTY15 inhibited miR-337-3p by binding with it. TTTY15 could indirectly modulate JAK2, and overexpression of TTTY15 could reverse the inhibitory effects of miR-337-3p on malignant phenotypes of ESCC cells. In conclusion, TTTY15 plays an oncogenic role in ESCC by targeting miR-337-3p/JAK2 axis.
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lncRNA MSTRG.29039.1 Promotes Proliferation by Sponging hsa-miR-12119 via JAK2/STAT3 Pathway in Multiple Myeloma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9969449. [PMID: 34422217 PMCID: PMC8376436 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9969449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Noncoding RNA (ncRNA) is involved in the occurrence, development, metastasis, and drug resistance of tumors and involves a variety of biological functions. In addition, miRNA can regulate proliferation and migration and even regulate epigenetics to promote the development of multiple myeloma (MM). However, the mechanism of ncRNA involved in MM is still unclear, and there are many unknown ncRNAs to be explored. This research is aimed at discovering the unknown lncRNA in MM through high-throughput sequencing and to study the mechanism and role of competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) involved in the pathogenesis of MM for the development of novel molecular markers and potential new targeted drugs. We screened out 262 new lncRNAs with statistical differences by RNA sequencing and selected the lncRNA MSTRG.29039.1 according to the expression and function of lncRNAs and their target genes in MM. We verified that MSTRG.29039.1 and its target gene OSMR were highly expressed in MM. After knockdown of MSTRG.29039.1 in MM cell lines, the expression of OSMR was decreased, and the expression of hsa-miR-12119 was upregulated which can also promote cell apoptosis and inhibit proliferation. Then, we knocked down hsa-miR-12119 and MSTRG.29039.1, we found that apoptosis of MM cells was reduced, and cell proliferation was increased compared with just knocking down hsa-miR-12119. We further verified the direct binding relationship between MSTRG.29039.1 and OSMR by the dual-luciferase reporter assay system. Thus, MSTRG.29039.1 can competitively bind with miRNA to counteract the inhibitory effect of miRNA on OSMR, which regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis through the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. In a conclusion, lncRNA MSTRG.29039.1 could promote proliferation by sponging hsa-miR-12119 via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in multiple myeloma. This may be a molecular marker and a potential therapeutic target for MM.
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The Landscape of Regulatory Noncoding RNAs in Ewing's Sarcoma. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080933. [PMID: 34440137 PMCID: PMC8391329 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ewing’s sarcoma (ES) is a pediatric sarcoma caused by a chromosomal translocation. Unlike in most cancers, the genomes of ES patients are very stable. The translocation product of the EWS-FLI1 fusion is most often the predominant genetic driver of oncogenesis, and it is pertinent to explore the role of epigenetic alterations in the onset and progression of ES. Several types of noncoding RNAs, primarily microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs, are key epigenetic regulators that have been shown to play critical roles in various cancers. The functions of these epigenetic regulators are just beginning to be appreciated in ES. Here, we performed a comprehensive literature review to identify these noncoding RNAs. We identified clinically relevant tumor suppressor microRNAs, tumor promoter microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs. We then explored the known interplay between different classes of noncoding RNAs and described the currently unmet need for expanding the noncoding RNA repertoire of ES. We concluded the review with a discussion of epigenetic regulation of ES via regulatory noncoding RNAs. These noncoding RNAs provide new avenues of exploration to develop better therapeutics and identify novel biomarkers.
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Jung JH, Ikeda G, Tada Y, von Bornstädt D, Santoso MR, Wahlquist C, Rhee S, Jeon YJ, Yu AC, O'brien CG, Red-Horse K, Appel EA, Mercola M, Woo J, Yang PC. miR-106a-363 cluster in extracellular vesicles promotes endogenous myocardial repair via Notch3 pathway in ischemic heart injury. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:19. [PMID: 33742276 PMCID: PMC8601755 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00858-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous capability of the post-mitotic human heart holds great promise to restore the injured myocardium. Recent evidence indicates that the extracellular vesicles (EVs) regulate cardiac homeostasis and regeneration. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism of EVs for self-repair. We isolated EVs from human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iCMs), which were exposed to hypoxic (hEVs) and normoxic conditions (nEVs), and examined their roles in in vitro and in vivo models of cardiac injury. hEV treatment significantly improved the viability of hypoxic iCMs in vitro and cardiac function of severely injured murine myocardium in vivo. Microarray analysis of the EVs revealed significantly enriched expression of the miR-106a-363 cluster (miR cluster) in hEVs vs. nEVs. This miR cluster preserved survival and contractility of hypoxia-injured iCMs and maintained murine left-ventricular (LV) chamber size, improved LV ejection fraction, and reduced myocardial fibrosis of the injured myocardium. RNA-Seq analysis identified Jag1-Notch3-Hes1 as a target intracellular pathway of the miR cluster. Moreover, the study found that the cell cycle activator and cytokinesis genes were significantly up-regulated in the iCMs treated with miR cluster and Notch3 siRNA. Together, these results suggested that the miR cluster in the EVs stimulated cardiomyocyte cell cycle re-entry by repressing Notch3 to induce cell proliferation and augment myocardial self-repair. The miR cluster may represent an effective therapeutic approach for ischemic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Jung
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Gentaro Ikeda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yuko Tada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Daniel von Bornstädt
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Michelle R Santoso
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Christine Wahlquist
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Siyeon Rhee
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Young-Jun Jeon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Anthony C Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Connor G O'brien
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kristy Red-Horse
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Eric A Appel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Mark Mercola
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Joseph Woo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Phillip C Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Stanford University School of Medicine, 240 Pasteur Dr, BMI 3053, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
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Bhagirath D, Liston M, Patel N, Akoto T, Lui B, Yang TL, To DM, Majid S, Dahiya R, Tabatabai ZL, Saini S. MicroRNA determinants of neuroendocrine differentiation in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Oncogene 2020; 39:7209-7223. [PMID: 33037409 PMCID: PMC7718386 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01493-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Therapy-induced neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), an extremely aggressive variant of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), is increasing in incidence with the widespread use of highly potent androgen receptor (AR)-pathway inhibitors (APIs) such as Enzalutamide (ENZ) and Abiraterone and arises via a reversible trans-differentiation process, referred to as neuroendocrine differentiation (NED). The molecular basis of NED is not completely understood leading to a lack of effective molecular markers for its diagnosis. Here, we demonstrate for the first time, that lineage switching to NE states is accompanied by key miRNA alterations including downregulation of miR-106a~363 cluster and upregulation of miR-301a and miR-375. To systematically investigate the key miRNAs alterations driving therapy-induced NED, we performed small RNA-NGS in a retrospective cohort of human metastatic CRPC clinical samples + PDX models with adenocarcinoma features (CRPC-adeno) vs those with neuroendocrine features (CRPC-NE). Further, with the application of machine learning algorithms to sequencing data, we trained a 'miRNA classifier' that could robustly classify 'CRPC-NE' from 'CRPC-Adeno' cases. The performance of classifier was validated in an additional cohort of mCRPC patients and publicly available PCa cohorts. Importantly, we demonstrate that miR-106a~363 cluster pleiotropically regulate cardinal nodal proteins instrumental in driving NEPC including Aurora Kinase A, N-Myc, E2F1 and STAT3. Our study has important clinical implications and transformative potential as our 'miRNA classifier' can be used as a molecular tool to stratify mCRPC patients into those with/without NED and guide treatment decisions. Further, we identify novel miRNA NED drivers that can be exploited for NEPC therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Bhagirath
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Michael Liston
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nikhil Patel
- Department of Pathology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Theresa Akoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Byron Lui
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thao Ly Yang
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dat My To
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shahana Majid
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rajvir Dahiya
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Z Laura Tabatabai
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sharanjot Saini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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10
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Dong W, Wu P, Qin M, Guo S, Liu H, Yang X, He W, Bouakaz A, Wan M, Zong Y. Multipotent miRNA Sponge-Loaded Magnetic Nanodroplets with Ultrasound/Magnet-Assisted Delivery for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapy. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:2891-2910. [PMID: 32678617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy is likely to be the most promising way to tackle cancer, while defects in molecular strategies and delivery systems have led to an impasse in clinical application. Here, it is found that onco-miRNAs of the miR-515 and -449 families were upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and the sponge targeting miR-515 family had a significant probability to suppress cancer cell proliferation. Then, we constructed non-toxic sponge-loaded magnetic nanodroplets containing 20% C6F14 (SLMNDs-20%) that are incorporated with fluorinated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles enhancing external magnetism-assisted targeting and enabling a direct visualization of SLMNDs-20% distribution in vivo via magnetic resonance imaging monitoring. SLMNDs-20% could be vaporized by programmable focused ultrasound (FUS) activation, achieving ∼45% in vitro sponge delivery efficiency and significantly enhancing in vivo sponge delivery without a clear apoptosis. Moreover, the sponge-1-carrying SLMNDs-20% could effectively suppress proliferation of xenograft HCC after FUS exposure because sponge-1-suppressing onco-miR-515 enhanced the expression of anti-oncogenes (P21, CD22, TIMP1, NFKB, and E-cadherin) in cancer cells. The current results indicated that ultrasonic cavitation-inducing sonoporation enhanced the intracellular delivery of sponge-1 using SLMNDs-20% after magnetic-assisted accumulation, which was a therapeutic approach to inhibit HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Pengying Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Mengfan Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Shifang Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Huasheng Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xinxing Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.,Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of AFMU (Xijing Hospital), Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Wen He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Ayache Bouakaz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.,Inserm Imaging and Ultrasound, INSERM U930, Imagerie et Cerveau, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours 37000, France
| | - Mingxi Wan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Yujin Zong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
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11
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hsa-miR-20b-5p and hsa-miR-363-3p Affect Expression of PTEN and BIM Tumor Suppressor Genes and Modulate Survival of T-ALL Cells In Vitro. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051137. [PMID: 32380791 PMCID: PMC7290785 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive malignancy arising from T lymphocyte precursors. We have previously shown by miRNA-seq, that miRNAs from the mir-106a-363 cluster are overexpressed in pediatric T-ALL. In silico analysis indicated their potential involvement in the regulation of apoptosis. Here, we aimed to test the hypothesis on the pro-tumorigenic roles of these miRNAs in T-ALL cells in vitro. We demonstrate, for the first time, that hsa-miR-20b-5p and hsa-miR-363-3p from the mir-106a-363 cluster, when upregulated in T-ALL cells in vitro, protect leukemic cells from apoptosis, enhance proliferation, and contribute to growth advantage. We show, using dual luciferase reporter assays, Ago2-RNA immunoprecipitation, RT-qPCR, and Western blots, that the oncogenic effects of these upregulated miRNAs might, at least in part, be mediated by the downregulation of two important tumor suppressor genes, PTEN and BIM, targeted by both miRNAs. Additionally, we demonstrate the cooperative effects of these two miRNAs by simultaneous inhibition of both miRNAs as compared to the inhibition of single miRNAs. We postulate that hsa-miR-20b-5p and hsa-miR-363-3p from the mir-106a-363 cluster might serve as oncomiRs in T-ALL, by contributing to post-transcriptional repression of key tumor suppressors, PTEN and BIM.
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12
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Innao V, Allegra A, Pulvirenti N, Allegra AG, Musolino C. Therapeutic potential of antagomiRs in haematological and oncological neoplasms. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2020; 29:e13208. [PMID: 31899849 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of the role of MicroRNAs (or miRNAs) has been emphasised by the large number of studies in human tumour cells, underlining the high impact of post-transcriptional processes in cancer onset, progression, invasion and metastatisation. Currently known as oncomiR, real databases are collecting all the smaller fragments of RNA capable of participating in the oncogenesis. AIMS With the aim to collect for the first time the most important acquisitions in literature about antagomiRs in oncology, our narrative review is born with the purpose of showing that specific antisense oligonucleotides, capable to bind and antagonise single or multiple miRNAs, are effective as therapeutic compounds. RESULTS Peptide or locked nucleic acids, miRNA sponges or antagomiRs attached to plasmid or lentiviral vectors carrying miRNA sequences to its target are objects of our analysis, demonstrating their effectiveness in a large number and types of tumours. We have also tried how to overcome their high immunogenicity, which remains its greatest limit for clinical use. CONCLUSIONS They are ambitious but fascinating promise to alter the promotion of the tumour growth by binding specific molecular targets, with high precision and low toxicity, leaving the scientists the chance of development as anti-cancer drugs and not just.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Innao
- Division of Hematology, Dipartimento di Patologia Umana dell'Adulto e dell'Età Evolutiva "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Dipartimento di Patologia Umana dell'Adulto e dell'Età Evolutiva "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Nicolina Pulvirenti
- Division of Hematology, Dipartimento di Patologia Umana dell'Adulto e dell'Età Evolutiva "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Gaetano Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Dipartimento di Patologia Umana dell'Adulto e dell'Età Evolutiva "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Hematology, Dipartimento di Patologia Umana dell'Adulto e dell'Età Evolutiva "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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13
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Kosela-Paterczyk H, Paziewska A, Kulecka M, Balabas A, Kluska A, Dabrowska M, Piatkowska M, Zeber-Lubecka N, Ambrozkiewicz F, Karczmarski J, Mikula M, Rutkowski P, Ostrowski J. Signatures of circulating microRNA in four sarcoma subtypes. J Cancer 2020; 11:874-882. [PMID: 31949491 PMCID: PMC6959019 DOI: 10.7150/jca.34723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sarcomas are rare malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin. The discovery of circulating biomarkers with high diagnostic value could supplement diagnosis of this heterogenous group of tumors. The aim of this study was to identify the profiles of circulating miRNA (c-miRNAs) in four groups of common bone and soft tissue sarcomas. Methods: At the time of diagnosis, blood samples were collected from 86 patients: 36 with locally advanced/unresectable/metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) who received first-line treatment with imatinib; 16 with locally advanced osteosarcoma (OS); 26 with locally advanced synovial sarcoma (SS); and eight with locally advanced Ewing sarcoma (ES). In addition, samples were collected from 30 healthy controls. C-miRNAs were isolated using a miRCURY RNA Isolation Kit, followed by preparation of cDNA libraries and sequencing on the Ion Proton platform. Results: Pair-wise comparisons identified 156 unique c-miRNAs (adjusted P-value < 0.05) showing significant dysregulation between controls and patients; of these, 24, 36, 42, and 99 differentiated controls from pretherapeutic OS, SS, ES, and GIST, respectively. Ten c-miRNAs were commonly altered in at least three sarcoma types. Receiver operating characteristic curves and area under the curve (ROC-AUC) analyses revealed that a four-miRNA diagnostic classifier was able to differentiate controls from ES, GIST, OS, and SS, with AUC-ROC values of 1, 0.97, 0.95, and 0.94, respectively. Conclusions: Aberrant miRNA expression signatures were identified in serum from patients with four different sarcoma subtypes. Differences in miRNA expression profiles between sarcoma patients and healthy volunteers suggest that miRNAs may play a role in sarcoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Kosela-Paterczyk
- Department of Soft Tissue, Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Centre, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Paziewska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Centre; 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Kulecka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Centre; 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Balabas
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Centre; 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kluska
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Centre; 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michalina Dabrowska
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Centre; 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Piatkowska
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Centre; 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Zeber-Lubecka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Filip Ambrozkiewicz
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Centre; 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Karczmarski
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Centre; 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Mikula
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Centre; 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Rutkowski
- Department of Soft Tissue, Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Centre, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Ostrowski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Centre; 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
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14
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To KKW, Fong W, Tong CWS, Wu M, Yan W, Cho WCS. Advances in the discovery of microRNA-based anticancer therapeutics: latest tools and developments. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 15:63-83. [PMID: 31739699 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1690449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous non-coding RNAs that repress the expression of their target genes by reducing mRNA stability and/or inhibiting translation. miRNAs are known to be aberrantly regulated in cancers. Modulators of miRNA (mimics and antagonists) have emerged as novel therapeutic tools for cancer treatment.Areas covered: This review summarizes the various strategies that have been applied to correct the dysregulated miRNA in cancer cells. The authors also discuss the recent advances in the technical development and preclinical/clinical evaluation of miRNA-based therapeutic agents.Expert opinion: Application of miRNA-based therapeutics for cancer treatment is appealing because they are able to modulate multiple dysregulated genes and/or signaling pathways in cancer cells. Major obstacles hindering their clinical development include drug delivery, off-target effects, efficacious dose determination, and safety. Tumor site-specific delivery of novel miRNA therapeutics may help to minimize off-target effects and toxicity. Combination of miRNA therapeutics with other anticancer treatment modalities could provide a synergistic effect, thus allowing the use of lower dose, minimizing off-target effects, and improving the overall safety profile in cancer patients. It is critical to identify individual miRNAs with cancer type-specific and context-specific regulation of oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes in order to facilitate the precise use of miRNA anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth K W To
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Winnie Fong
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Christy W S Tong
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mingxia Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wei Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - William C S Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
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15
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Dawidowska M, Jaksik R, Drobna M, Szarzyńska-Zawadzka B, Kosmalska M, Sędek Ł, Machowska L, Lalik A, Lejman M, Ussowicz M, Kałwak K, Kowalczyk JR, Szczepański T, Witt M. Comprehensive Investigation of miRNome Identifies Novel Candidate miRNA-mRNA Interactions Implicated in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Neoplasia 2019; 21:294-310. [PMID: 30763910 PMCID: PMC6372882 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive malignancy originating from T-cell precursors. The genetic landscape of T-ALL has been largely characterized by next-generation sequencing. Yet, the transcriptome of miRNAs (miRNome) of T-ALL has been less extensively studied. Using small RNA sequencing, we characterized the miRNome of 34 pediatric T-ALL samples, including the expression of isomiRs and the identification of candidate novel miRNAs (not previously annotated in miRBase). For the first time, we show that immunophenotypic subtypes of T-ALL present different miRNA expression profiles. To extend miRNome characteristics in T-ALL (to 82 T-ALL cases), we combined our small RNA-seq results with data available in Gene Expression Omnibus. We report on miRNAs most abundantly expressed in pediatric T-ALL and miRNAs differentially expressed in T-ALL versus normal mature T-lymphocytes and thymocytes, representing candidate oncogenic and tumor suppressor miRNAs. Using eight target prediction algorithms and pathway enrichment analysis, we identified differentially expressed miRNAs and their predicted targets implicated in processes (defined in Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) of potential importance in pathogenesis of T-ALL, including interleukin-6-mediated signaling, mTOR signaling, and regulation of apoptosis. We finally focused on hsa-mir-106a-363 cluster and functionally validated direct interactions of hsa-miR-20b-5p and hsa-miR-363-3p with 3' untranslated regions of their predicted targets (PTEN, SOS1, LATS2), overrepresented in regulation of apoptosis. hsa-mir-106a-363 is a paralogue of prototypic oncogenic hsa-mir-17-92 cluster with yet unestablished role in the pathogenesis of T-ALL. Our study provides a firm basis and data resource for functional analyses on the role of miRNA-mRNA interactions in T-ALL.
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Key Words
- all, acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- egil, european group for immunological classification of leukemias
- geo, gene expression omnibus
- go, gene ontology
- isomir, isoform of mirna
- kegg, kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes
- mirnome, transcriptome of mirnas
- mre, mirna response element
- or, odds ratio
- rt-qpcr, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
- small rna-seq, next-generation sequencing of small rnas
- t-all, t-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- 3′utr, 3′ untranslated region
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Dawidowska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Roman Jaksik
- Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Monika Drobna
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Bronisława Szarzyńska-Zawadzka
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Maria Kosmalska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Sędek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Ludomiła Machowska
- Clinic of Pediatric Oncology Hematology and Transplantology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Anna Lalik
- Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Monika Lejman
- Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Children's University Hospital, Gębali 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Marek Ussowicz
- Department of Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation, Oncology, and Hematology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Kałwak
- Department of Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation, Oncology, and Hematology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Jerzy R Kowalczyk
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, Gębali 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Szczepański
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 3 Maja 13-15, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Michał Witt
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland.
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16
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Lo UG, Bao J, Cen J, Yeh HC, Luo J, Tan W, Hsieh JT. Interferon-induced IFIT5 promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition leading to renal cancer invasion. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2019; 7:31-45. [PMID: 30906803 PMCID: PMC6420704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Interferon is known as a pleiotropic factor in innate immunity, cancer immunity and therapy. Despite an objective short-term response of interferon (IFN) therapy in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients, the potential adverse effect of IFN on RCC cells is not fully understood. In this study, we demonstrate that IFNs can enhance RCC invasion via a new mechanism of IFIT5-mediated tumor suppressor microRNA (miRNA) degradation resulted in the elevation of Slug and ZEB1 and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Clinically, a significant upregulation of IFNγ signaling pathway (such as IFNGR1, IFNGR2, STAT1 and STAT2) is observed in RCC patients with metastatic disease. Overall, this study provides a new mechanism of action of IFN-elicited canonical pathway in regulating suppressor miRNAs. Most importantly, it highlights the potential pro-metastatic effect of IFNs, which could undermine the clinical applicability of IFNs for treating RCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- U-Ging Lo
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jiming Bao
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, Republic of China
| | - Junjie Cen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080, Republic of China
| | - Hsin-Chih Yeh
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University HospitalTaiwan, Republic of China
| | - Junhang Luo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080, Republic of China
| | - Wanlong Tan
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, Republic of China
| | - Jer-Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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17
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Lo UG, Pong RC, Yang D, Gandee L, Hernandez E, Dang A, Lin CJ, Santoyo J, Ma S, Sonavane R, Huang J, Tseng SF, Moro L, Arbini AA, Kapur P, Raj GV, He D, Lai CH, Lin H, Hsieh JT. IFNγ-Induced IFIT5 Promotes Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Prostate Cancer via miRNA Processing. Cancer Res 2018; 79:1098-1112. [PMID: 30504123 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
IFNγ, a potent cytokine known to modulate tumor immunity and tumoricidal effects, is highly elevated in patients with prostate cancer after radiation. In this study, we demonstrate that IFNγ can induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in prostate cancer cells via the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, leading to the transcription of IFN-stimulated genes (ISG) such as IFN-induced tetratricopeptide repeat 5 (IFIT5). We unveil a new function of IFIT5 complex in degrading precursor miRNAs (pre-miRNA) that includes pre-miR-363 from the miR-106a-363 cluster as well as pre-miR-101 and pre-miR-128, who share a similar 5'-end structure with pre-miR-363. These suppressive miRNAs exerted a similar function by targeting EMT transcription factors in prostate cancer cells. Depletion of IFIT5 decreased IFNγ-induced cell invasiveness in vitro and lung metastasis in vivo. IFIT5 was highly elevated in high-grade prostate cancer and its expression inversely correlated with these suppressive miRNAs. Altogether, this study unveils a prometastatic role of the IFNγ pathway via a new mechanism of action, which raises concerns about its clinical application.Significance: A unique IFIT5-XRN1 complex involved in the turnover of specific tumor suppressive microRNAs is the underlying mechanism of IFNγ-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer.See related commentary by Liu and Gao, p. 1032.
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Affiliation(s)
- U-Ging Lo
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Rey-Chen Pong
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Diane Yang
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Leah Gandee
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Elizabeth Hernandez
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Andrew Dang
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Chung-Jung Lin
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - John Santoyo
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Shihong Ma
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Rajni Sonavane
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an China
| | - Shu-Fen Tseng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Loredana Moro
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - Arnaldo A Arbini
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Payal Kapur
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ganesh V Raj
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Dalin He
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an China
| | - Chih-Ho Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ho Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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18
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Iqbal MA, Arora S, Prakasam G, Calin GA, Syed MA. MicroRNA in lung cancer: role, mechanisms, pathways and therapeutic relevance. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 70:3-20. [PMID: 30102929 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the cardinal cause of cancer-related deaths with restricted recourse of therapy throughout the world. Clinical success of therapies is not very promising due to - late diagnosis, limited therapeutic tools, relapse and the development of drug resistance. Recently, small ∼20-24 nucleotides molecules called microRNAs (miRNAs) have come into the limelight as they play outstanding role in the process of tumorigenesis by regulating cell cycle, metastasis, angiogenesis, metabolism and apoptosis. miRNAs essentially regulate gene expression via post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA. Nevertheless, few studies have conceded the role of miRNAs in activation of gene expression. A large body of data generated by numerous studies is suggestive of their tumor-suppressing, oncogenic, diagnostic and prognostic biomarker roles in lung cancer. They have also been implicated in regulating cancer cell metabolism and resistance or sensitivity towards chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Further, miRNAs have also been convoluted in regulation of immune checkpoints - Programmed death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1). These molecules play a significant role in tumor immune escape leading to the generation of a microenvironment favouring tumor growth and progression. Therefore, it is imperative to explore the expression of miRNA and understand its relevance in lung cancer and development of anti-cancer strategies (anti - miRs, miR mimics and micro RNA sponges). In view of the above, the role of miRNA in lung cancer has been dissected and the associated mechanisms and pathways are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Askandar Iqbal
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi-110025, India.
| | - Shweta Arora
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi-110025, India.
| | - Gopinath Prakasam
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India.
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX-77030, USA.
| | - Mansoor Ali Syed
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi-110025, India.
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19
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Li M, Zhou Y, Xia T, Zhou X, Huang Z, Zhang H, Zhu W, Ding Q, Wang S. Circulating microRNAs from the miR-106a-363 cluster on chromosome X as novel diagnostic biomarkers for breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 170:257-270. [PMID: 29557526 PMCID: PMC5999170 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-4757-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Novel noninvasive biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of breast cancer (BC) are urgently needed in clinics. The aim of this study was to explore whether miRNAs from the miR-106a-363 cluster can be detected in the circulation of BC patients and whether these miRNAs can serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers. METHODS The expression of 12 miRNAs from the miR-106a-363 cluster was evaluated using qRT-PCR in 400 plasma samples (from 200 BC patients and 200 healthy controls (HCs)) and 406 serum samples (from 204 BC patients and 202 HCs) via a three-phase study. The identified miRNAs were further examined in tissues (32 paired breast tissues), plasma exosomes (from 32 BC patients and 32 HCs), and serum exosomes (from 32 BC patients and 32 HCs). RESULTS Upregulated levels of four plasma miRNAs (miR-106a-3p, miR-106a-5p, miR-20b-5p, and miR-92a-2-5p) and four serum miRNAs (miR-106a-5p, miR-19b-3p, miR-20b-5p, and miR-92a-3p) were identified and validated in BC. A plasma 4-miRNA panel and a serum 4-miRNA panel were constructed to discriminate BC patients from HCs. The areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curves of the plasma panel were 0.880, 0.902, and 0.858, and those of the serum panel were 0.910, 0.974, and 0.949 for the training, testing, and external validation phases, respectively. Two overlapping miRNAs (miR-106a-5p and miR-20b-5p) were consistently upregulated in BC tissues. Except for the expression of the plasma-derived exosomal miR-20b-5p, the expression patterns of exosomal miRNAs were concordant between plasma and serum, indicating the potential use of exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers. CONCLUSION We identified four plasma miRNAs and four serum miRNAs from the miR-106a-363 cluster as promising novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nursing, Yixing People's Hospital, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiansong Xia
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Zebo Huang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University and the Fourth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Huo Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Oncology, Affiliated Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.1399 West Road, Shengze Town, Wujiang District, Suzhou, 215000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiang Ding
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shui Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Nguyen DD, Chang S. Development of Novel Therapeutic Agents by Inhibition of Oncogenic MicroRNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:E65. [PMID: 29280958 PMCID: PMC5796015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs, miRNAs) are regulatory small noncoding RNAs, with their roles already confirmed to be important for post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression affecting cell physiology and disease development. Upregulation of a cancer-causing miRNA, known as oncogenic miRNA, has been found in many types of cancers and, therefore, represents a potential new class of targets for therapeutic inhibition. Several strategies have been developed in recent years to inhibit oncogenic miRNAs. Among them is a direct approach that targets mature oncogenic miRNA with an antisense sequence known as antimiR, which could be an oligonucleotide or miRNA sponge. In contrast, an indirect approach is to block the biogenesis of miRNA by genome editing using the CRISPR/Cas9 system or a small molecule inhibitor. The development of these inhibitors is straightforward but involves significant scientific and therapeutic challenges that need to be resolved. In this review, we summarize recent relevant studies on the development of miRNA inhibitors against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh-Duc Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea.
| | - Suhwan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea.
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21
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Nakka M, Allen-Rhoades W, Li Y, Kelly AJ, Shen J, Taylor AM, Barkauskas DA, Yustein JT, Andrulis IL, Wunder JS, Gorlick R, Meltzer PS, Lau CC, Man TK. Biomarker significance of plasma and tumor miR-21, miR-221, and miR-106a in osteosarcoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:96738-96752. [PMID: 29228567 PMCID: PMC5722519 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor in children and young adults. Despite the use of surgery and multi-agent chemotherapy, osteosarcoma patients who have a poor response to chemotherapy or develop relapses have a dismal outcome. Identification of biomarkers for active disease may help to monitor tumor burden, detect early relapses, and predict prognosis in these patients. In this study, we examined whether circulating miRNAs can be used as biomarkers in osteosarcoma patients. We performed genome-wide miRNA profiling on a discovery cohort of osteosarcoma and control plasma samples. A total of 56 miRNAs were upregulated and 164 miRNAs were downregulated in osteosarcoma samples when compared to control plasma samples. miR-21, miR-221 and miR-106a were selected for further validation based on their known biological importance. We showed that all three circulating miRNAs were expressed significantly higher in osteosarcoma samples than normal samples in an independent cohort obtained from the Children's Oncology Group. Furthermore, we demonstrated that miR-21 was expressed significantly higher in osteosarcoma tumors compared with normal bone controls. More importantly, lower expressions of miR-21 and miR-221, but not miR-106a, significantly correlated with a poor outcome. In conclusion, our results indicate that miR-21, miR-221 and miR-106a were elevated in the circulation of osteosarcoma patients, whereas tumor expressions of miR-21 and miR-221 are prognostically significant. Further investigation of these miRNAs may lead to a better prognostic method and potential miRNA therapeutics for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjula Nakka
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wendy Allen-Rhoades
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yiting Li
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aaron J. Kelly
- Department of Pediatrics, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Program of Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianhe Shen
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aaron M. Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Program of Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Donald A. Barkauskas
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Children’s Oncology Group, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Jason T. Yustein
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Irene L. Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jay S. Wunder
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Paul S. Meltzer
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ching C. Lau
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Program of Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tsz-Kwong Man
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Program of Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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22
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Schwentner R, Herrero-Martin D, Kauer MO, Mutz CN, Katschnig AM, Sienski G, Alonso J, Aryee DNT, Kovar H. The role of miR-17-92 in the miRegulatory landscape of Ewing sarcoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:10980-10993. [PMID: 28030800 PMCID: PMC5355239 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs serve to fine-tune gene expression and play an important regulatory role in tissue specific gene networks. The identification and validation of miRNA target genes in a tissue still poses a significant problem since the presence of a seed sequence in the 3′UTR of an mRNA and its expression modulation upon ectopic expression of the miRNA do not reliably predict regulation under physiological conditions. The chimeric oncoprotein EWS-FLI1 is the driving pathogenic force in Ewing sarcoma. MiR-17-92, one of the most potent oncogenic miRNAs, was recently reported to be among the top EWS-FLI1 activated miRNAs. Using a combination of AGO2 pull-down experiments by PAR-CLIP (Photoactivatable-Ribonucleoside-Enhanced Crosslinking and Immunoprecipitation) and of RNAseq upon miRNA depletion by ectopic sponge expression, we aimed to identify the targetome of miR-17-92 in Ewing sarcoma. Intersecting both datasets we found an enrichment of PAR-CLIP hits for members of the miR-17-92 cluster in the 3′UTRs of genes up-regulated in response to mir-17-92 specific sponge expression. Strikingly, approximately a quarter of these genes annotate to the TGFB/BMP pathway, the majority mapping downstream of SMAD signaling. Testing for SMAD phosphorylation, we identify quiet but activatable TGFB signaling and cell autonomous activity of the BMP pathway resulting in the activation of the stemness regulatory transcriptional repressors ID1 and ID3. Taken together, our findings shed light on the complex miRegulatory landscape of Ewing Sarcoma pointing miR-17-92 as a key node connected to TGFB/BMP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaela Schwentner
- Children´s Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - David Herrero-Martin
- Children´s Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna 1090, Austria.,Present address: Sarcoma research group, Molecular Oncology Lab, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat 08908, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maximilian O Kauer
- Children´s Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Cornelia N Mutz
- Children´s Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Anna M Katschnig
- Children´s Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Grzegorz Sienski
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter Campus, 1030 Vienna, Austria.,Present address: Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Javier Alonso
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Ctra, Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dave N T Aryee
- Children´s Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna 1090, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical University, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Heinrich Kovar
- Children´s Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna 1090, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical University, Vienna 1090, Austria
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23
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Moore C, Parrish JK, Jedlicka P. MiR-193b, downregulated in Ewing Sarcoma, targets the ErbB4 oncogene to inhibit anchorage-independent growth. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178028. [PMID: 28542597 PMCID: PMC5436853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing Sarcoma is an aggressive, oncofusion-driven, malignant neoplasm of bone and soft tissue affecting predominantly children and young adults. Seeking to identify potential novel therapeutic targets/agents for this disease, our previous studies uncovered microRNAs regulated by EWS/Fli1, the most common oncofusion, with growth modulatory properties. In the present study, we sought to identify EWS/Fli1-repressed, growth suppressive, microRNAs potentially amenable to replacement in Ewing Sarcoma cells. Eight microRNAs (143, 153, 184, 193b, 195, 203, 206 and 223) were selected for evaluation as EWS/Fli1-repressed and underexpressed in Ewing Sarcoma cells, and reported to be growth suppressive in other pediatric or/and adult cancers. The selected miRs, and appropriate non-targeting controls, were introduced into two different Ewing Sarcoma cell lines (A673 and SK-ES-1), and effects on growth were examined using a high and low-density growth assay. MiR-193b was growth inhibitory in both assays and cell lines. In subsequent analyses, we found that stable overexpression of miR-193b also inhibits anchorage-independent growth in both A673 and SK-ES-1 cells. We further show that miR-193b negatively regulates expression of the ErbB4 oncogene in A673 and SK-ES-1 cells, and that depletion of ErbB4 is itself inhibitory to anchorage-independent growth in the same cell lines. Together, our studies show that the EWS/Fli1-repressed miR-193b is growth suppressive in Ewing Sarcoma, and identify ErbB4 as a target gene and candidate mediator of this growth suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Moore
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Janet K. Parrish
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Paul Jedlicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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24
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McSweeney KM, Gussow AB, Bradrick SS, Dugger SA, Gelfman S, Wang Q, Petrovski S, Frankel WN, Boland MJ, Goldstein DB. Inhibition of microRNA 128 promotes excitability of cultured cortical neuronal networks. Genome Res 2016; 26:1411-1416. [PMID: 27516621 PMCID: PMC5052052 DOI: 10.1101/gr.199828.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cultured neuronal networks monitored with microelectrode arrays (MEAs) have been used widely to evaluate pharmaceutical compounds for potential neurotoxic effects. A newer application of MEAs has been in the development of in vitro models of neurological disease. Here, we directly evaluated the utility of MEAs to recapitulate in vivo phenotypes of mature microRNA-128 (miR-128) deficiency, which causes fatal seizures in mice. We show that inhibition of miR-128 results in significantly increased neuronal activity in cultured neuronal networks derived from primary mouse cortical neurons. These results support the utility of MEAs in developing in vitro models of neuroexcitability disorders, such as epilepsy, and further suggest that MEAs provide an effective tool for the rapid identification of microRNAs that promote seizures when dysregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Melodi McSweeney
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA; University Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Ayal B Gussow
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA; Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Shelton S Bradrick
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - Sarah A Dugger
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Sahar Gelfman
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Quanli Wang
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Slavé Petrovski
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Wayne N Frankel
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Michael J Boland
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - David B Goldstein
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
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25
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Conti A, Romeo SG, Cama A, La Torre D, Barresi V, Pezzino G, Tomasello C, Cardali S, Angileri FF, Polito F, Ferlazzo G, Di Giorgio R, Germanò A, Aguennouz M. MiRNA expression profiling in human gliomas: upregulated miR-363 increases cell survival and proliferation. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:14035-14048. [PMID: 27495233 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5273-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in glioma biology is increasingly recognized. To investigate the regulatory mechanisms governing the malignant signature of gliomas with different grades of malignancy, we analyzed miRNA expression profiles in human grade I-IV tumor samples and primary glioma cell cultures. Multiplex real-time PCR was used to profile miRNA expression in a set of World Health Organization (WHO) grade I (pilocytic astrocytoma), II (diffuse fibrillary astrocytoma), and IV (glioblastoma multiforme) astrocytic tumors and primary glioma cell cultures. Primary glioma cell cultures were used to evaluate the effect of transfection of specific miRNAs and miRNA inhibitors. miRNA microarray showed that a set of miRNAs was consistently upregulated in all glioma samples. miR-363 was upregulated in all tumor specimens and cell lines, and its expression correlated with tumor grading. The transfection of glioma cells with the specific inhibitor of miR-363 increased the expression level of tumor suppressor growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43). Transfection of miR-363 induced cell survival, while inhibition of miR-363 significantly reduced glioma cell viability. Furthermore, miRNA-363 inhibition induced the downregulation of AKT, cyclin-D1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and Bcl-2 and upregulation of caspase 3. Together, these data suggest that the upregulation of miR-363 may play a role in malignant glioma signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Conti
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Sara G Romeo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cama
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico La Torre
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Valeria Barresi
- Department of Adulthood and Childhood Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gaetana Pezzino
- Department of Adulthood and Childhood Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Chiara Tomasello
- Department of Adulthood and Childhood Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cardali
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Filippo F Angileri
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca Polito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Guido Ferlazzo
- Department of Adulthood and Childhood Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Di Giorgio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Germanò
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - M'hammed Aguennouz
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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26
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Jung J, Yeom C, Choi YS, Kim S, Lee E, Park MJ, Kang SW, Kim SB, Chang S. Simultaneous inhibition of multiple oncogenic miRNAs by a multi-potent microRNA sponge. Oncotarget 2016; 6:20370-87. [PMID: 26284487 PMCID: PMC4653011 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The roles of oncogenic miRNAs are widely recognized in many cancers. Inhibition of single miRNA using antagomiR can efficiently knock-down a specific miRNA. However, the effect is transient and often results in subtle phenotype, as there are other miRNAs contribute to tumorigenesis. Here we report a multi-potent miRNA sponge inhibiting multiple miRNAs simultaneously. As a model system, we targeted miR-21, miR-155 and miR-221/222, known as oncogenic miRNAs in multiple tumors including breast and pancreatic cancers. To achieve efficient knockdown, we generated perfect and bulged-matched miRNA binding sites (MBS) and introduced multiple copies of MBS, ranging from one to five, in the multi-potent miRNA sponge. Luciferase reporter assay showed the multi-potent miRNA sponge efficiently inhibited 4 miRNAs in breast and pancreatic cancer cells. Furthermore, a stable and inducible version of the multi-potent miRNA sponge cell line showed the miRNA sponge efficiently reduces the level of 4 target miRNAs and increase target protein level of these oncogenic miRNAs. Finally, we showed the miRNA sponge sensitize cells to cancer drug and attenuate cell migratory activity. Altogether, our study demonstrates the multi-potent miRNA sponge is a useful tool to examine the functional impact of simultaneous inhibition of multiple miRNAs and proposes a therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyun Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan School of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | | | | | - Sinae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan School of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - EunJi Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan School of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Min Ji Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan School of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Sang Wook Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan School of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Sung Bae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan School of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea.,Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Suhwan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan School of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea.,Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Korea
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27
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Lawlor ER, Sorensen PH. Twenty Years on: What Do We Really Know about Ewing Sarcoma and What Is the Path Forward? Crit Rev Oncog 2016; 20:155-71. [PMID: 26349414 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2015013553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a highly aggressive bone and soft-tissue tumor with peak incidence among adolescents and young adults. Despite advances in local control and systemic chemotherapy, metastatic relapse after an initial clinical remission remains a significant clinical problem. In addition, metastasis at the time of presentation or at relapse continues to be the leading cause of death for patients diagnosed with ES. Since the discovery of the pathognomonic EWS-FLI1 fusion gene more than 20 years ago, much about the molecular and cellular biology of ES pathogenesis has been learned. In addition, more recent exploitation of advances in stem cell and developmental biology has provided key insights into the cellular origins of ES and the role of epigenetic deregulation in tumor initiation and maintenance. Nevertheless, the mechanisms that drive tumor relapse and metastasis remain largely unknown. These gaps in our knowledge continue to hamper the development of novel therapeutic strategies that may improve outcomes for patients with relapsed and metastatic disease. In this article we review the current status of ES biology research, highlighting areas of investigation that we consider to have the greatest potential to yield findings that will translate into clinically significant advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Lawlor
- Department of Pediatrics & Communicable Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Lim HJ, Yang JL. Regulatory roles and therapeutic potential of microRNA in sarcoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 97:118-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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Khuu C, Utheim TP, Sehic A. The Three Paralogous MicroRNA Clusters in Development and Disease, miR-17-92, miR-106a-363, and miR-106b-25. SCIENTIFICA 2016; 2016:1379643. [PMID: 27127675 PMCID: PMC4834410 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1379643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) form a class of noncoding RNA genes whose products are small single-stranded RNAs that are involved in the regulation of translation and degradation of mRNAs. There is a fine balance between deregulation of normal developmental programs and tumor genesis. An increasing body of evidence suggests that altered expression of miRNAs is entailed in the pathogenesis of human cancers. Studies in mouse and human cells have identified the miR-17-92 cluster as a potential oncogene. The miR-17-92 cluster is often amplified or overexpressed in human cancers and has recently emerged as the prototypical oncogenic polycistron miRNA. The functional analysis of miR-17-92 is intricate by the existence of two paralogues: miR-106a-363 and miR-106b-25. During early evolution of vertebrates, it is likely that the three clusters commenced via a series of duplication and deletion occurrences. As miR-106a-363 and miR-106b-25 contain miRNAs that are very similar, and in some cases identical, to those encoded by miR-17-92, it is feasible that they regulate a similar set of genes and have overlapping functions. Further understanding of these three clusters and their functions will increase our knowledge about cancer progression. The present review discusses the characteristics and functions of these three miRNA clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuong Khuu
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- *Cuong Khuu:
| | - Tor Paaske Utheim
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, 3004 Drammen, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University College of South East Norway, 3614 Kongsberg, Norway
| | - Amer Sehic
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
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Qi X, Zhang DH, Wu N, Xiao JH, Wang X, Ma W. ceRNA in cancer: possible functions and clinical implications. J Med Genet 2015; 52:710-8. [PMID: 26358722 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 912] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) are transcripts that can regulate each other at post-transcription level by competing for shared miRNAs. CeRNA networks link the function of protein-coding mRNAs with that of non-coding RNAs such as microRNA, long non-coding RNA, pseudogenic RNA and circular RNA. Given that any transcripts harbouring miRNA response element can theoretically function as ceRNAs, they may represent a widespread form of post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in both physiology and pathology. CeRNA activity is influenced by multiple factors such as the abundance and subcellular localisation of ceRNA components, binding affinity of miRNAs to their sponges, RNA editing, RNA secondary structures and RNA-binding proteins. Aberrations in these factors may deregulate ceRNA networks and thus lead to human diseases including cancer. In this review, we introduce the mechanisms and molecular bases of ceRNA networks, discuss their roles in the pathogenesis of cancer as well as methods of predicting and validating ceRNA interplay. At last, we discuss the limitations of current ceRNA theory, propose possible directions and envision the possibilities of ceRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Qi
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Da-Hong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Hua Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College and The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, China
| | - Wang Ma
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Dehghanzadeh R, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Gharibi T, Yousefi M. MicroRNA-induced drug resistance in gastric cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 74:191-9. [PMID: 26349984 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance remains one of the major reasons of therapy failure in gastric cancer patients. Although the mechanisms of anticancer drug resistance have been broadly investigated, they have not been completely understood. Accumulating reports have recently highlighted the involvement of endogenous non-coding RNAs, known as microRNAs, in the evolution of cancer cell drug resistance. MiRNAs have been characterized as major regulators of crucial genes implicated in the chemoresistance phenotype of gastric cancer cells. MiRNA-based therapy in the future may provide a new strategy to overcome drug resistance. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of miRNAs in regulating drug resistance in gastric cancer and their potential to develop targeted therapies and personalized treatment for managing drug resistant gastric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashedeh Dehghanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tohid Gharibi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Abstract
Non-coding RNAs have received a lot of attention in recent years, with especial focus on microRNAs (miRNAs), so much so that in the just over two decades since the first miRNA, Lin4, was described, almost 40,000 publications about miRNAs have been generated. Less than 500 of these focus on sarcoma, and only a fraction of those on sarcomas of childhood specifically, with some of these representing observational studies and others containing functionally validated data. This is a group of cancers for which prognosis is often poor and therapeutic options limited, and it is especially in these areas that strides in understanding the role of non-coding RNAs and miRNAs in particular are to be welcomed. This review deals with the main forms of pediatric sarcoma, exploring what is known about the diagnostic and prognostic profiles of miRNAs in these tumours and where novel therapeutic options might present themselves for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna C Kelly
- The National Children's Research Centre, Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland.
| | - Antonio Lázaro
- The National Children's Research Centre, Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland.
| | - Maureen J O'Sullivan
- The National Children's Research Centre, Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland.
- Histology Laboratory, Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland.
- Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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MicroRNA-23a enhances migration and invasion through PTEN in osteosarcoma. Cancer Gene Ther 2015; 22:351-9. [PMID: 26160225 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2015.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the biological significance of abundant microRNA-23a (miR-23a) expression in osteosarcoma and its correlation with PTEN in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma migration and invasion. The human osteosarcoma cell lines MG63, HOS58 and SaoS-2, and the human normal osteoblasts (hFOB1.19) were grown in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. Gene and protein levels of miR-23a and PTEN were examined to determine the molecular relationship between them in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma. Inhibition of miR-23a effectively reduced migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cell lines. Bioinformatics and luciferase-reporter assay revealed that miR-23a specifically targeted the 3'-untranslational region of PTEN and regulated its expression. Downregulation of PTEN enhanced migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cell lines. Furthermore, in tumor tissues obtained from osteosarcoma patients, the expression of miR-23a was negatively correlated with PTEN and the high expression of miR-23a combined with low expression of PTEN might serve as a risk factor for cancer patients. Besides, miR-23a-mediated suppression of PTEN led to activation of AKT/ERK pathways and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in osteosarcoma cells, and finally enhanced the activity of osteosarcoma cell proliferation and movement and promoted osteosarcoma xenograft tumor growth in mouse models. Our study showed that miR-23a, by downregulation of PTEN, enhanced migration and invasion in osteosarcoma cells.
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Luck ME, Muljo SA, Collins CB. Prospects for Therapeutic Targeting of MicroRNAs in Human Immunological Diseases. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2015; 194:5047-52. [PMID: 25980029 PMCID: PMC4435821 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1403146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous oligoribonucleotides with exciting therapeutic potential. Early studies established a clear role for miRNAs in leukocyte biology. The first miRNA-based therapy, miravirsen, is now in phase 2 clinical trials, making the reality of these therapies undeniable. The capacity for miRNAs to fine-tune inflammatory signaling make them attractive treatment targets for immunological diseases. Nonetheless, the degree of redundancy among miRNAs, coupled with the promiscuity of miRNA binding sites in the transcriptome, require consideration when designing miRNA-directed interventions. Altered miRNA expression occurs across a range of inflammatory conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis, and diabetes. However, very few studies successfully treated murine models of immunological diseases with miRNA-based approaches. While discussing recent studies targeting miRNAs to treat immunological conditions, we also reflect on the risks of miRNA targeting and showcase some newer delivery systems that may improve the pharmacological profile of this class of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa E Luck
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045; and
| | - Stefan A Muljo
- Integrative Immunobiology Unit, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Colm B Collins
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045; and
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Song R, Tian K, Wang W, Wang L. P53 suppresses cell proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis of osteosarcoma through inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Int J Surg 2015; 20:80-7. [PMID: 25936826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of P53 in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma and the possible mechanism involved in it. METHODS The anti-proliferative effect of P53 was assessed using the cell counting Kit-8 assay. The migration and invasion potential were analyzed using wound-healing and transwell assays, respectively. The Matrigel capillary tube formation assay was performed to mimic in-vivo angiogenesis. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence were used to observe protein levels and distribution of actin fibers. Finally, S2448p-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) expression was detected on osteosarcoma tissues using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Firstly, P53 potently inhibited cell proliferation in osteosarcoma cell line (MG63) and in human normal osteoblasts (hFOB1.19) in vitro at the IC50 ranged from 50 to 500 nmol/l. Then, an inhibitory effect of P53 on metastasis was observed in osteosarcoma cell line MG63, along with the cytoskeletal rearrangements and suppression of the phosphorylation of PI3K downstream factors including AKT and mTOR. CONCLUSION These results show that P53 suppresses cell proliferation and angiogenesis of osteosarcoma through inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, which might be an effective novel therapeutic candidate against osteosarcoma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruipeng Song
- Bone Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China.
| | - Ke Tian
- Bone Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China.
| | - Weidong Wang
- Bone Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China.
| | - Limin Wang
- Bone Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China.
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Zhang Z, Ma J, Luan G, Kang L, Su Y, He Y, Luan F. MiR-506 suppresses tumor proliferation and invasion by targeting FOXQ1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122851. [PMID: 25856555 PMCID: PMC4391879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
MiRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that play important roles in various biological processes including tumorigenesis. However, little is known about the expression and function of miR-506 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In this study, we showed that miR-506 was downregulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines and tissues. Ectopic expression of miR-506 dramatically suppressed cell proliferation, colony formation and invasion. Moreover, we identified the Forkhead box Q1 (FOXQ1) gene as a novel direct target of miR-506. MiR-506 exerts its tumor suppressor function through inhibition of the FOXQ1, which was involved in tumor metastasis and proliferation in various cancers. Furthermore, the expression of FOXQ1 is up-regulated in NPC cell lines and tissues. Taken together, our results indicate that miR-506 functions as a tumor suppressor miRNA in NPC and that its suppressive effects are mediated chiefly by repressing FOXQ1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanchi Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Guang Luan
- The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Lin Kang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Yuhong Su
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Yanan He
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Feng Luan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
- * E-mail:
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Cheng DL, Xiang YY, Ji LJ, Lu XJ. Competing endogenous RNA interplay in cancer: mechanism, methodology, and perspectives. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:479-88. [PMID: 25604144 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3093-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) refer to RNA transcripts, such as mRNAs, non-coding RNAs, pseudogene transcripts, and circular RNAs, that can regulate each other by competing for the same pool of miRNAs. ceRNAs involve in the pathogenesis of several common cancers such as prostate cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, endometrial cancer, and so on. ceRNA activity is determined by factors such as miRNA/ceRNA abundance, ceRNAs binding affinity to miRNAs, RNA editing, and RNA-binding proteins. The alteration of any of these factors may lead to ceRNA network imbalance and thus contribute to cancer initiation and progression. There are generally three steps in ceRNA research conductions: ceRNA prediction, ceRNA validation, and ceRNA functional investigation. Deciphering ceRNA interplay in cancer provides new insight into cancer pathogenesis and opportunities for therapy exploration. In this review, we try to give readers a concise and reliable illustration on the mechanism, functions, research approaches, and perspective of ceRNA in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Liang Cheng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shiyan Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, China
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Tay FC, Lim JK, Zhu H, Hin LC, Wang S. Using artificial microRNA sponges to achieve microRNA loss-of-function in cancer cells. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 81:117-27. [PMID: 24859534 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Widely observed dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) in human cancer has led to substantial speculation regarding possible functions of these short, non-coding RNAs in cancer development and manipulation of miRNA expression to treat cancer. To achieve miRNA loss-of-function, miRNA sponge technology has been developed to use plasmid or viral vectors for intracellular expression of tandemly arrayed, bulged miRNA binding sites complementary to a miRNA target to saturate its ability to regulate natural mRNAs. A strong viral promoter can be used in miRNA sponge vectors to generate high-level expression of the competitive inhibitor transcripts for either transient or long-term inhibition of miRNA function. Taking the advantage of sharing a common seed sequence by members of a miRNA family, this technology is especially useful in knocking down the expression of a family of miRNAs, providing a powerful means for simultaneous inhibition of multiple miRNAs of interest with a single inhibitor. Knockdown of overexpressed oncogenic miRNAs with the technology can be a rational therapeutic strategy for cancer, whereas inhibition of tumor-suppressive miRNAs by the sponges will be useful in deciphering functions of miRNAs in oncogenesis. Herein, we discuss the design of miRNA sponge expression vectors and the use of the vectors to gain better understanding of miRNA's roles in cancer biology and as an alternative tool for anticancer gene therapy.
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39
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Li Z, Yu X, Shen J, Wu WKK, Chan MTV. MicroRNA expression and its clinical implications in Ewing's sarcoma. Cell Prolif 2014; 48:1-6. [PMID: 25530497 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing's sarcoma (EWS) is the second most common primary bone cancer, and is a predominant childhood malignant disease. Due to limited understanding of its pathogenesis and frequent occurrence of resistance to conventional types of treatment, its management remains difficult, and mortality is frequent. Development of EWS is a multistep process involving genetic and epigenetic alterations of protein-coding proto-oncogenes and tumour-suppressor genes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently been discovered as a new category of non-protein coding; small RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Substantial numbers of deregulated miRNAs have been documented in EWS and their biological significance has been confirmed in multiple functional experiments. Several studies have confirmed involvement of miRNAs in various steps of EWS pathogenesis, from occurrence to metastasis. Functionally, miRNA dysregulation may promote cell-cycle progression, confer resistance to apoptosis, and enhance invasiveness and metastasis. These miRNAs have opened a novel field in cancer research with potential clinical utilization for screening, diagnosis, prognostics and prediction of response to treatment. Elucidating biological aspects of miRNA dysregulation may help better understand pathogenesis of EWS and promote development of miRNA directed-therapeutics against it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100007, China
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Pérez-Rivas LG, Jerez JM, Carmona R, de Luque V, Vicioso L, Claros MG, Viguera E, Pajares B, Sánchez A, Ribelles N, Alba E, Lozano J. A microRNA signature associated with early recurrence in breast cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91884. [PMID: 24632820 PMCID: PMC3954835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent breast cancer occurring after the initial treatment is associated with poor outcome. A bimodal relapse pattern after surgery for primary tumor has been described with peaks of early and late recurrence occurring at about 2 and 5 years, respectively. Although several clinical and pathological features have been used to discriminate between low- and high-risk patients, the identification of molecular biomarkers with prognostic value remains an unmet need in the current management of breast cancer. Using microarray-based technology, we have performed a microRNA expression analysis in 71 primary breast tumors from patients that either remained disease-free at 5 years post-surgery (group A) or developed early (group B) or late (group C) recurrence. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of microRNA expression data segregated tumors in two groups, mainly corresponding to patients with early recurrence and those with no recurrence. Microarray data analysis and RT-qPCR validation led to the identification of a set of 5 microRNAs (the 5-miRNA signature) differentially expressed between these two groups: miR-149, miR-10a, miR-20b, miR-30a-3p and miR-342-5p. All five microRNAs were down-regulated in tumors from patients with early recurrence. We show here that the 5-miRNA signature defines a high-risk group of patients with shorter relapse-free survival and has predictive value to discriminate non-relapsing versus early-relapsing patients (AUC = 0.993, p-value<0.05). Network analysis based on miRNA-target interactions curated by public databases suggests that down-regulation of the 5-miRNA signature in the subset of early-relapsing tumors would result in an overall increased proliferative and angiogenic capacity. In summary, we have identified a set of recurrence-related microRNAs with potential prognostic value to identify patients who will likely develop metastasis early after primary breast surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis G Pérez-Rivas
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - José M Jerez
- Departamento de Lenguajes y Ciencias de la Computación, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Rosario Carmona
- Plataforma Andaluza de Bioinformática, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Vanessa de Luque
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Luis Vicioso
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - M Gonzalo Claros
- Plataforma Andaluza de Bioinformática, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Departmento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Enrique Viguera
- Departmento of Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología Animal, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Bella Pajares
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Alfonso Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Nuria Ribelles
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Emilio Alba
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - José Lozano
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain; Departmento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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MicroRNA-106a induces multidrug resistance in gastric cancer by targeting RUNX3. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:3069-75. [PMID: 23932924 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the main barrier to the success of chemotherapy for gastric cancer (GC). miR-106a, which is highly expressed in GC, influences a variety of aspects of GC. However, the function of miR-106a in MDR of GC still remains unclear. In the present study, we found that miR-106a is elevated in MDR cell lines. miR-106a promotes chemo-resistance of GC cells, accelerates ADR efflux, and suppresses drug-induced apoptosis. Finally, we show that runt-related trans factor 3 (RUNX3) is the functional target of miR-106a. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that miR-106a may promote MDR in GC cells by targeting RUNX3.
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MiR-106a targets Mcl-1 to suppress cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer A2780 cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 33:567-572. [PMID: 23904379 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-013-1160-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy is a major obstacle for the effective treatment of advanced ovarian cancer. The mechanism of chemoresistance is still poorly understood. Recently, more and more evidence showed microRNAs (miRNAs) modulated many key molecules and pathways involved in chemotherapy. microRNA-106a (miR-106a) has been implicated in many cancers, but its role in ovarian cancer and drug resistance still remains unexplored. This study was to investigate whether miR-106a mediated resistance of the ovarian cancer cell line A2780 to the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin (DDP). The different levels of miR-106a in A2780 cells and their resistant variant A2780/DDP cells were identified by using real-time PCR. MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to analyze the effect of miR-106a on cisplatin resistance of these paired cells. Real-time PCR, Western blotting and luciferase reporter assay were applied to explore whether Mcl-1 was a target of miR-106a. As compared to A2780 cells, the expression of miR-106a was down-regulated in the cisplatin resistant cell line A2780/DDP. Moreover, knockdown of miR-106a dramatically decreased antiproliferative effects and apoptosis induced by cisplatin in A2780 cells, while overexpression of miR-106a significantly increased antiproliferative effects and apoptosis induced by cisplatin in A2780/DDP cells. Furthermore, miR-106a inhibited cell survival and cisplatin resistance through downregulating the expression of Mcl-1. Mcl-1 was a direct target of miR-106a. These results suggest that miR-106a may provide a novel mechanism for understanding cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer by modulating Mcl-1.
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