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Copeland I, Wonkam-Tingang E, Gupta-Malhotra M, Hashmi SS, Han Y, Jajoo A, Hall NJ, Hernandez PP, Lie N, Liu D, Xu J, Rosenfeld J, Haldipur A, Desire Z, Coban-Akdemir ZH, Scott DA, Li Q, Chao HT, Zaske AM, Lupski JR, Milewicz DM, Shete S, Posey JE, Hanchard NA. Exome sequencing implicates ancestry-related Mendelian variation at SYNE1 in childhood-onset essential hypertension. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e172152. [PMID: 38716726 PMCID: PMC11141928 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Childhood-onset essential hypertension (COEH) is an uncommon form of hypertension that manifests in childhood or adolescence and, in the United States, disproportionately affects children of African ancestry. The etiology of COEH is unknown, but its childhood onset, low prevalence, high heritability, and skewed ancestral demography suggest the potential to identify rare genetic variation segregating in a Mendelian manner among affected individuals and thereby implicate genes important to disease pathogenesis. However, no COEH genes have been reported to date. Here, we identify recessive segregation of rare and putatively damaging missense variation in the spectrin domain of spectrin repeat containing nuclear envelope protein 1 (SYNE1), a cardiovascular candidate gene, in 3 of 16 families with early-onset COEH without an antecedent family history. By leveraging exome sequence data from an additional 48 COEH families, 1,700 in-house trios, and publicly available data sets, we demonstrate that compound heterozygous SYNE1 variation in these COEH individuals occurred more often than expected by chance and that this class of biallelic rare variation was significantly enriched among individuals of African genetic ancestry. Using in vitro shRNA knockdown of SYNE1, we show that reduced SYNE1 expression resulted in a substantial decrease in the elasticity of smooth muscle vascular cells that could be rescued by pharmacological inhibition of the downstream RhoA/Rho-associated protein kinase pathway. These results provide insights into the molecular genetics and underlying pathophysiology of COEH and suggest a role for precision therapeutics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Copeland
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Edmond Wonkam-Tingang
- Childhood Complex Disease Genomics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | | | - S. Shahrukh Hashmi
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yixing Han
- Childhood Complex Disease Genomics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Aarti Jajoo
- Childhood Complex Disease Genomics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Nancy J. Hall
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Paula P. Hernandez
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Natasha Lie
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Childhood Complex Disease Genomics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, USA
- US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jill Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Baylor Genetics, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Aparna Haldipur
- Childhood Complex Disease Genomics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Zelene Desire
- Childhood Complex Disease Genomics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Zeynep H. Coban-Akdemir
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Human Genetics Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Daryl A. Scott
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
| | - Qing Li
- Childhood Complex Disease Genomics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Hsiao-Tuan Chao
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics; and
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Cain Pediatric Neurology Research Foundation Laboratories, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- McNair Medical Institute, The Robert and Janice McNair Foundation, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ana M. Zaske
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - James R. Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dianna M. Milewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sanjay Shete
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- McNair Medical Institute, The Robert and Janice McNair Foundation, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Neil A. Hanchard
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Childhood Complex Disease Genomics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, USA
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2
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Zi-Yi Z, Qin Q, Fei Z, Cun-Yu C, Lin T. Nesprin proteins: bridging nuclear envelope dynamics to muscular dysfunction. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:208. [PMID: 38566066 PMCID: PMC10986154 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This review presents a comprehensive exploration of the pivotal role played by the Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, with a particular focus on Nesprin proteins, in cellular mechanics and the pathogenesis of muscular diseases. Distinguishing itself from prior works, the analysis delves deeply into the intricate interplay of the LINC complex, emphasizing its indispensable contribution to maintaining cellular structural integrity, especially in mechanically sensitive tissues such as cardiac and striated muscles. Additionally, the significant association between mutations in Nesprin proteins and the onset of Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) and Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy (EDMD) is highlighted, underscoring their pivotal role in disease pathogenesis. Through a comprehensive examination of DCM and EDMD cases, the review elucidates the disruptions in the LINC complex, nuclear morphology alterations, and muscular developmental disorders, thus emphasizing the essential function of an intact LINC complex in preserving muscle physiological functions. Moreover, the review provides novel insights into the implications of Nesprin mutations for cellular dynamics in the pathogenesis of muscular diseases, particularly in maintaining cardiac structural and functional integrity. Furthermore, advanced therapeutic strategies, including rectifying Nesprin gene mutations, controlling Nesprin protein expression, enhancing LINC complex functionality, and augmenting cardiac muscle cell function are proposed. By shedding light on the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying nuclear-cytoskeletal interactions, the review lays the groundwork for future research and therapeutic interventions aimed at addressing genetic muscle disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zi-Yi
- Department of Cardiology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, 443003, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- School of Basic Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, 443003, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- School of Basic Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Fei
- Department of Cardiology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, 443003, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Cao Cun-Yu
- School of Basic Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microencironment and immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, 443003, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, London, SE5 9NU, UK.
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3
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De Silva S, Fan Z, Kang B, Shanahan CM, Zhang Q. Nesprin-1: novel regulator of striated muscle nuclear positioning and mechanotransduction. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1331-1345. [PMID: 37171063 PMCID: PMC10317153 DOI: 10.1042/bst20221541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Nesprins (nuclear envelope spectrin repeat proteins) are multi-isomeric scaffolding proteins. Giant nesprin-1 and -2 localise to the outer nuclear membrane, interact with SUN (Sad1p/UNC-84) domain-containing proteins at the inner nuclear membrane to form the LInker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, which, in association with lamin A/C and emerin, mechanically couples the nucleus to the cytoskeleton. Despite ubiquitous expression of nesprin giant isoforms, pathogenic mutations in nesprin-1 and -2 are associated with tissue-specific disorders, particularly related to striated muscle such as dilated cardiomyopathy and Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. Recent evidence suggests this muscle-specificity might be attributable in part, to the small muscle specific isoform, nesprin-1α2, which has a novel role in striated muscle function. Our current understanding of muscle-specific functions of nesprin-1 and its isoforms will be summarised in this review to provide insight into potential pathological mechanisms of nesprin-related muscle disease and may inform potential targets of therapeutic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanelle De Silva
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, London SE5 9NU, U.K
| | - Zhijuan Fan
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, London SE5 9NU, U.K
- Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Baoqiang Kang
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, London SE5 9NU, U.K
| | - Catherine M. Shanahan
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, London SE5 9NU, U.K
| | - Qiuping Zhang
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, London SE5 9NU, U.K
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Li Mow Chee F, Beernaert B, Griffith BGC, Loftus AEP, Kumar Y, Wills JC, Lee M, Valli J, Wheeler AP, Armstrong JD, Parsons M, Leigh IM, Proby CM, von Kriegsheim A, Bickmore WA, Frame MC, Byron A. Mena regulates nesprin-2 to control actin-nuclear lamina associations, trans-nuclear membrane signalling and gene expression. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1602. [PMID: 36959177 PMCID: PMC10036544 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37021-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix, mediated by integrin adhesion complexes, play key roles in fundamental cellular processes, including the sensing and transduction of mechanical cues. Here, we investigate systems-level changes in the integrin adhesome in patient-derived cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cells and identify the actin regulatory protein Mena as a key node in the adhesion complex network. Mena is connected within a subnetwork of actin-binding proteins to the LINC complex component nesprin-2, with which it interacts and co-localises at the nuclear envelope. Moreover, Mena potentiates the interactions of nesprin-2 with the actin cytoskeleton and the nuclear lamina. CRISPR-mediated Mena depletion causes altered nuclear morphology, reduces tyrosine phosphorylation of the nuclear membrane protein emerin and downregulates expression of the immunomodulatory gene PTX3 via the recruitment of its enhancer to the nuclear periphery. We uncover an unexpected role for Mena at the nuclear membrane, where it controls nuclear architecture, chromatin repositioning and gene expression. Our findings identify an adhesion protein that regulates gene transcription via direct signalling across the nuclear envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Li Mow Chee
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Bruno Beernaert
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
- Department of Oncology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Billie G C Griffith
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Alexander E P Loftus
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Yatendra Kumar
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Jimi C Wills
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Martin Lee
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Jessica Valli
- Edinburgh Super Resolution Imaging Consortium, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Ann P Wheeler
- Advanced Imaging Resource, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - J Douglas Armstrong
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9LE, UK
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Irene M Leigh
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Charlotte M Proby
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Alex von Kriegsheim
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Wendy A Bickmore
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Margaret C Frame
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Adam Byron
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK.
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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5
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Douglas KAA, Douglas VP, Gaier ED, Chwalisz BK. Ptosis as Clinical Presentation in a Patient With Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy Type 5. J Neuroophthalmol 2021; 41:e333-e334. [PMID: 33630782 PMCID: PMC8373992 DOI: 10.1097/wno.0000000000001187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos AA Douglas
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary/Harvard Medical School, Neuro-Ophthalmology Service, Boston, MA
| | - Vivian Paraskevi Douglas
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary/Harvard Medical School, Neuro-Ophthalmology Service, Boston, MA
| | - Eric D Gaier
- Boston Children’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Boston, MA
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Bart K Chwalisz
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary/Harvard Medical School, Neuro-Ophthalmology Service, Boston, MA
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital / Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
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Biallelic SYNE2 Missense Mutations Leading to Nesprin-2 Giant Hypo-Expression Are Associated with Intellectual Disability and Autism. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091294. [PMID: 34573277 PMCID: PMC8470961 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurological and developmental disabilities characterised by clinical and genetic heterogeneity. The current study aimed to expand ASD genotyping by investigating potential associations with SYNE2 mutations. Specifically, the disease-causing variants of SYNE2 in 410 trios manifesting neurodevelopmental disorders using whole-exome sequencing were explored. The consequences of the identified variants were studied at the transcript level using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). For validation, immunofluorescence and immunoblotting were performed to analyse mutational effects at the protein level. The compound heterozygous variants of SYNE2 (NM_182914.3:c.2483T>G; p.(Val828Gly) and NM_182914.3:c.2362G>A; p.(Glu788Lys)) were identified in a 4.5-year-old male, clinically diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, developmental delay and intellectual disability. Both variants reside within the nesprin-2 giant spectrin repeat (SR5) domain and are predicted to be highly damaging using in silico tools. Specifically, a significant reduction of nesprin-2 giant protein levels is revealed in patient cells. SYNE2 transcription and the nuclear envelope localisation of the mutant proteins was however unaffected as compared to parental control cells. Collectively, these data provide novel insights into the cardinal role of the nesprin-2 giant in neurodevelopment and suggest that the biallelic hypomorphic SYNE2 mutations may be a new cause of intellectual disability and ASD.
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Cell stretchers and the LINC complex in mechanotransduction. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 702:108829. [PMID: 33716002 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
How cells respond to mechanical forces from the surrounding environment is critical for cell survival and function. The LINC complex is a central component in the mechanotransduction pathway that transmits mechanical information from the cell surface to the nucleus. Through LINC complex functionality, the nucleus is able to respond to mechanical stress by altering nuclear structure, chromatin organization, and gene expression. The use of specialized devices that apply mechanical strain to cells have been central to investigating how mechanotransduction occurs, how cells respond to mechanical stress, and the role of the LINC complexes in these processes. A large variety of designs have been reported for these devices, with the most common type being cell stretchers. Here we highlight some of the salient features of cell stretchers and suggest some key parameters that should be considered when using these devices. We provide a brief overview of how the LINC complexes contribute to the cellular responses to mechanical strain. And finally, we suggest that stretchers may be a useful tool to study aging.
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Barbarino F, Wäschenbach L, Cavalho-Lemos V, Dillenberger M, Becker K, Gohlke H, Cortese-Krott MM. Targeting spectrin redox switches to regulate the mechanoproperties of red blood cells. Biol Chem 2020; 402:317-331. [PMID: 33544503 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of red blood cells (RBCs) are fundamental for their physiological role as gas transporters. RBC flexibility and elasticity allow them to survive the hemodynamic changes in the different regions of the vascular tree, to dynamically contribute to the flow thereby decreasing vascular resistance, and to deform during the passage through narrower vessels. RBC mechanoproperties are conferred mainly by the structural characteristics of their cytoskeleton, which consists predominantly of a spectrin scaffold connected to the membrane via nodes of actin, ankyrin and adducin. Changes in redox state and treatment with thiol-targeting molecules decrease the deformability of RBCs and affect the structure and stability of the spectrin cytoskeleton, indicating that the spectrin cytoskeleton may contain redox switches. In this perspective review, we revise current knowledge about the structural and functional characterization of spectrin cysteine redox switches and discuss the current lines of research aiming to understand the role of redox regulation on RBC mechanical properties. These studies may provide novel functional targets to modulate RBC function, blood viscosity and flow, and tissue perfusion in disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Barbarino
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Postfach 128, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lucas Wäschenbach
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Virginia Cavalho-Lemos
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Postfach 128, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Melissa Dillenberger
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University, D-35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Katja Becker
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University, D-35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Holger Gohlke
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- John von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC), Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Miriam M Cortese-Krott
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Postfach 128, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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A Glance at the Nuclear Envelope Spectrin Repeat Protein 3. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1651805. [PMID: 31828088 PMCID: PMC6886330 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1651805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear envelope spectrin repeat protein 3 (nesprin-3) is an evolutionarily-conserved structural protein, widely-expressed in vertebrate cells. Along with other nesprin family members, nesprin-3 acts as an essential component of the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex. Naturally, nesprin-3 shares many functions with LINC, including the localization of various cellular structures and bridging of the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton, observed in vitro. When nesprin-3 was knocked down in vivo, using zebrafish and mouse models, however, the animals were minimally affected. This paradoxical observation should not limit the physiological importance of nesprin-3, as recently, nesprin-3 has reignited the interest of the research community in studies on cancer cells migration. Moreover, nesprin-3 also plays an active role in certain developmental conditions such as adipogenesis and spermatogenesis, although more studies are needed. Meanwhile, the various protein binding partners of nesprin-3 should also be emphasized, as they are necessary for maintaining the structure of nesprin-3 and enabling it to carry out its various physiological and pathological functions. Nesprin-3 promises to further our understanding of these complex cellular events. Therefore, this review will focus on nesprin-3, examining it from a genetic, structural, and functional perspective. The final part of the review will in turn address the limitations of existing research and the future perspectives for the study of nesprin-3.
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10
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Wang L, Wang HF, Liu SR, Yan X, Song KJ. Predicting Protein-Protein Interactions from Matrix-Based Protein Sequence Using Convolution Neural Network and Feature-Selective Rotation Forest. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9848. [PMID: 31285519 PMCID: PMC6614364 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46369-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein is an essential component of the living organism. The prediction of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) has important implications for understanding the behavioral processes of life, preventing diseases, and developing new drugs. Although the development of high-throughput technology makes it possible to identify PPIs in large-scale biological experiments, it restricts the extensive use of experimental methods due to the constraints of time, cost, false positive rate and other conditions. Therefore, there is an urgent need for computational methods as a supplement to experimental methods to predict PPIs rapidly and accurately. In this paper, we propose a novel approach, namely CNN-FSRF, for predicting PPIs based on protein sequence by combining deep learning Convolution Neural Network (CNN) with Feature-Selective Rotation Forest (FSRF). The proposed method firstly converts the protein sequence into the Position-Specific Scoring Matrix (PSSM) containing biological evolution information, then uses CNN to objectively and efficiently extracts the deeply hidden features of the protein, and finally removes the redundant noise information by FSRF and gives the accurate prediction results. When performed on the PPIs datasets Yeast and Helicobacter pylori, CNN-FSRF achieved a prediction accuracy of 97.75% and 88.96%. To further evaluate the prediction performance, we compared CNN-FSRF with SVM and other existing methods. In addition, we also verified the performance of CNN-FSRF on independent datasets. Excellent experimental results indicate that CNN-FSRF can be used as a useful complement to biological experiments to identify protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, 277100, P.R. China. .,Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, P.R. China.
| | - Hai-Feng Wang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, 277100, P.R. China
| | - San-Rong Liu
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, 277100, P.R. China
| | - Xin Yan
- School of Foreign Languages, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, 277100, P.R. China.
| | - Ke-Jian Song
- School of information engineering, JiangXi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, P.R. China
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11
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Woychek A, Jones JCR. Nesprin-2G knockout fibroblasts exhibit reduced migration, changes in focal adhesion composition, and reduced ability to generate traction forces. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2019; 76:200-208. [PMID: 30667166 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear envelope protein nesprin-2G is a component of the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex and is responsible for mechanical and signaling crosstalk between the nucleus and cytoskeleton. A prior study has demonstrated that nesprin-2G knockout mice show delayed wound healing. The goal was to elucidate the mechanism underlying the delayed wound closure in this mouse model. Primary fibroblasts from wild-type and knockout neonatal mice were isolated. Knockout cells exhibited decreased focal adhesion (FA) size, number, and intensity. Consistent with this result, FA protein expression levels were decreased in knockout cells. Additionally, knockout fibroblasts displayed an abnormal actin cytoskeleton, as evidenced by loss of TAN line formation and both cytoplasmic and peri-nuclear actin staining. Using collective and single cell motility assays, it was found that knockout cells exhibited a reduction in both speed and directed migration. Traction force microscopy revealed that knockout fibroblasts generated fewer traction forces compared with WT fibroblasts. In summary, the data indicated that changes in actin organization and defects in FAs result in a reduced ability of knockout fibroblasts to generate traction forces needed for efficient motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Woychek
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, United States of America
| | - Jonathan C R Jones
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, United States of America
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12
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Janin A, Gache V. Nesprins and Lamins in Health and Diseases of Cardiac and Skeletal Muscles. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1277. [PMID: 30245638 PMCID: PMC6137955 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of the inner nuclear transmembrane protein emerin in the early 1990s, nuclear envelope (NE) components and related involvement in nuclei integrity and functionality have been highly investigated. The NE is composed of two distinct lipid bilayers described as the inner (INM) and outer (ONM) nuclear membrane. NE proteins can be specifically “integrated” in the INM (such as emerin and SUN proteins) or in the ONM such as nesprins. Additionally, flanked to the INM, the nuclear lamina, a proteinaceous meshwork mainly composed of lamins A and C completes NE composition. This network of proteins physically interplays to guarantee NE integrity and most importantly, shape the bridge between cytoplasmic cytoskeletons networks (such as microtubules and actin) and the genome, through the anchorage to the heterochromatin. The essential network driving the connection of nucleoskeleton with cytoskeleton takes place in the perinuclear space (the space between ONM and INM) with the contribution of the LINC complex (for Linker of Nucleoskeleton to Cytoskeleton), hosting KASH and SUN proteins interactions. This close interplay between compartments has been related to diverse functions from nuclear integrity, activity and positioning through mechanotransduction pathways. At the same time, mutations in NE components genes coding for proteins such as lamins or nesprins, had been associated with a wide range of congenital diseases including cardiac and muscular diseases. Although most of these NE associated proteins are ubiquitously expressed, a large number of tissue-specific disorders have been associated with diverse pathogenic mutations. Thus, diagnosis and molecular explanation of this group of diseases, commonly called “nuclear envelopathies,” is currently challenging. This review aims, first, to give a better understanding of diverse functions of the LINC complex components, from the point of view of lamins and nesprins. Second, to summarize human congenital diseases with a special focus on muscle and heart abnormalities, caused by mutations in genes coding for these two types of NE associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Janin
- CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire de Cardiogénétique Moléculaire, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Vincent Gache
- CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
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13
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Nesprin-1/2: roles in nuclear envelope organisation, myogenesis and muscle disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:311-320. [PMID: 29487227 DOI: 10.1042/bst20170149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nesprins (nuclear envelope spectrin repeat proteins) are multi-isomeric scaffolding proteins. Nesprin-1 and -2 are highly expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscles and together with SUN (Sad1p/UNC84) domain-containing proteins form the LInker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex at the nuclear envelope in association with lamin A/C and emerin. Mutations in nesprin-1/2 have been found in patients with autosomal dominant Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) as well as dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Several lines of evidence indicate that compromised LINC complex function is the critical step leading to muscle disease. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the functions of nesprin-1/2 in the LINC complex and mechanistic insights into how mutations in nesprin-1/2 lead to nesprin-related muscle diseases, in particular DCM and EDMD.
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14
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Daday C, Kolšek K, Gräter F. The mechano-sensing role of the unique SH3 insertion in plakin domains revealed by Molecular Dynamics simulations. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11669. [PMID: 28916774 PMCID: PMC5601466 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The plakin family of proteins, important actors in cross-linking force-bearing structures in the cell, contain a curious SH3 domain insertion in their chain of spectrin repeats (SRs). While SH3 domains are known to mediate protein-protein interactions, here, its canonical binding site is autoinhibited by the preceding SR. Under force, however, this SH3 domain could be released, and possibly launch a signaling cascade. We performed large-scale force-probe molecular dynamics simulations, across two orders of magnitude of loading rates, to test this hypothesis, on two prominent members of the plakin family: desmoplakin and plectin, obligate proteins at desmosomes and hemidesmosomes, respectively. Our simulations show that force unravels the SRs and abolishes the autoinhibition of the SH3 domain, an event well separated from the unfolding of this domain. The SH3 domain is free and fully functional for a significant portion of the unfolding trajectories. The rupture forces required for the two proteins significantly decrease when the SH3 domain is removed, which implies that the SH3 domain also stabilizes this junction. Our results persist across all simulations, and support a force-sensing as well as a stabilizing role of the unique SH3 insertion, putting forward this protein family as a new class of mechano-sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Daday
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Heidelberg University, Mathematikon, INF 205, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Schloß-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katra Kolšek
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Schloß-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frauke Gräter
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Heidelberg University, Mathematikon, INF 205, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Schloß-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany.
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15
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Jayo A, Malboubi M, Antoku S, Chang W, Ortiz-Zapater E, Groen C, Pfisterer K, Tootle T, Charras G, Gundersen GG, Parsons M. Fascin Regulates Nuclear Movement and Deformation in Migrating Cells. Dev Cell 2017; 38:371-83. [PMID: 27554857 PMCID: PMC4997957 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fascin is an F-actin-bundling protein shown to stabilize filopodia and regulate adhesion dynamics in migrating cells, and its expression is correlated with poor prognosis and increased metastatic potential in a number of cancers. Here, we identified the nuclear envelope protein nesprin-2 as a binding partner for fascin in a range of cell types in vitro and in vivo. Nesprin-2 interacts with fascin through a direct, F-actin-independent interaction, and this binding is distinct and separable from a role for fascin within filopodia at the cell periphery. Moreover, disrupting the interaction between fascin and nesprin-2 C-terminal domain leads to specific defects in F-actin coupling to the nuclear envelope, nuclear movement, and the ability of cells to deform their nucleus to invade through confined spaces. Together, our results uncover a role for fascin that operates independently of filopodia assembly to promote efficient cell migration and invasion. Fascin binds directly to nesprin-2 at the nuclear envelope Fascin-nesprin-2 binding occurs independently of fascin-actin bundling The fascin-nesprin-2 complex regulates nuclear movement in migration Uncoupling the fascin-nesprin complex reduces nuclear deformation and cell invasion
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Jayo
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guys Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Majid Malboubi
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, UK
| | - Susumu Antoku
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wakam Chang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, King's College London, 5th Floor Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Christopher Groen
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Karin Pfisterer
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guys Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Tina Tootle
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Guillaume Charras
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, UK; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Gregg G Gundersen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guys Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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16
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Balikov DA, Brady SK, Ko UH, Shin JH, de Pereda JM, Sonnenberg A, Sung HJ, Lang MJ. The nesprin-cytoskeleton interface probed directly on single nuclei is a mechanically rich system. Nucleus 2017. [PMID: 28640691 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2017.1322237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoskeleton provides structure and plays an important role in cellular function such as migration, resisting compression forces, and transport. The cytoskeleton also reacts to physical cues such as fluid shear stress or extracellular matrix remodeling by reorganizing filament associations, most commonly focal adhesions and cell-cell cadherin junctions. These mechanical stimuli can result in genome-level changes, and the physical connection of the cytoskeleton to the nucleus provides an optimal conduit for signal transduction by interfacing with nuclear envelope proteins, called nesprins, within the LINC (linker of the nucleus to the cytoskeleton) complex. Using single-molecule on single nuclei assays, we report that the interactions between the nucleus and the cytoskeleton, thought to be nesprin-cytoskeleton interactions, are highly sensitive to force magnitude and direction depending on whether cells are historically interfaced with the matrix or with cell aggregates. Application of ∼10-30 pN forces to these nesprin linkages yielded structural transitions, with a base transition size of 5-6 nm, which are speculated to be associated with partial unfoldings of the spectrin domains of the nesprins and/or structural changes of histones within the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Balikov
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Sonia K Brady
- b Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Ung Hyun Ko
- c Department of Mechanical Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Jennifer H Shin
- c Department of Mechanical Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Jose M de Pereda
- d Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular del Cancer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas , University of Salamanca , Salamanca , Spain
| | | | - Hak-Joon Sung
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA.,f Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA.,g Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine , Yonsei University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Matthew J Lang
- b Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA.,h Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA.,i SMART-BioSystems and Micromechanics , National University of Singapore , Singapore
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17
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Wang S, Volk T. Composite biopolymer scaffolds shape muscle nucleus: Insights and perspectives from Drosophila. BIOARCHITECTURE 2016; 5:35-43. [PMID: 26605802 DOI: 10.1080/19490992.2015.1106061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Contractile muscle fibers produce enormous intrinsic forces during contraction/relaxation waves. These forces are directly applied to their cytoplasmic organelles including mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum, and multiple nuclei. Data from our analysis of Drosophila larval somatic muscle fibers suggest that an intricate network of organized microtubules (MT) intermingled with Spectrin-Repeat-Containing Proteins (SRCPs) are major structural elements that protect muscle organelles and maintain their structure and position during muscle contraction. Whereas the perinuclear MT network provides structural rigidity to the myonucleus, the SRCPs Nesprin and Spectraplakin form semiflexible filamentous biopolymer networks, providing nuclei with the elasticity required to resist the contractile cytoplasmic forces produced by the muscle. Spectrin repeats are domains found in numerous structural proteins, which are able to unfold under tension and are subject to mechanical stresses in the cell. This unique composite scaffold combines rigidity and resilience in order to neutralize the oscillating cellular forces occurring during muscle contraction/relaxation waves and thereby protect myonuclei. We suggest that the elastic properties of SRCPs are critical for nuclear protection and proper function in muscle fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoshuo Wang
- a Department of Molecular Genetics ; Weizmann Institute of Science ; Rehovot , Israel
| | - Talila Volk
- a Department of Molecular Genetics ; Weizmann Institute of Science ; Rehovot , Israel
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18
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Zhang Q, Minaisah RM, Ferraro E, Li C, Porter LJ, Zhou C, Gao F, Zhang J, Rajgor D, Autore F, Shanahan CM, Warren DT. N-terminal nesprin-2 variants regulate β-catenin signalling. Exp Cell Res 2016; 345:168-79. [PMID: 27321956 PMCID: PMC4948682 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The spatial compartmentalisation of biochemical signalling pathways is essential for cell function. Nesprins are a multi-isomeric family of proteins that have emerged as signalling scaffolds, herein, we investigate the localisation and function of novel nesprin-2 N-terminal variants. We show that these nesprin-2 variants display cell specific distribution and reside in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that nesprin-2 N-terminal variants colocalised with β-catenin at cell-cell junctions in U2OS cells. Calcium switch assays demonstrated that nesprin-2 and β-catenin are lost from cell-cell junctions in low calcium conditions whereas emerin localisation at the NE remained unaltered, furthermore, an N-terminal fragment of nesprin-2 was sufficient for cell-cell junction localisation and interacted with β-catenin. Disruption of these N-terminal nesprin-2 variants, using siRNA depletion resulted in loss of β-catenin from cell-cell junctions, nuclear accumulation of active β-catenin and augmented β-catenin transcriptional activity. Importantly, we show that U2OS cells lack nesprin-2 giant, suggesting that the N-terminal nesprin-2 variants regulate β-catenin signalling independently of the NE. Together, these data identify N-terminal nesprin-2 variants as novel regulators of β-catenin signalling that tether β-catenin to cell-cell contacts to inhibit β-catenin transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Zhang
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College, SE5 9NU London, UK
| | - Rose-Marie Minaisah
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College, SE5 9NU London, UK
| | - Elisa Ferraro
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College, SE5 9NU London, UK
| | - Chen Li
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College, SE5 9NU London, UK
| | - Lauren J Porter
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College, SE5 9NU London, UK
| | - Can Zhou
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College, SE5 9NU London, UK
| | - Fang Gao
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College, SE5 9NU London, UK
| | - Junyi Zhang
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College, SE5 9NU London, UK
| | - Dipen Rajgor
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College, SE5 9NU London, UK
| | - Flavia Autore
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College, SE5 9NU London, UK
| | - Catherine M Shanahan
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College, SE5 9NU London, UK
| | - Derek T Warren
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College, SE5 9NU London, UK.
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19
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Uzer G, Fuchs RK, Rubin J, Thompson WR. Concise Review: Plasma and Nuclear Membranes Convey Mechanical Information to Regulate Mesenchymal Stem Cell Lineage. Stem Cells 2016; 34:1455-63. [PMID: 26891206 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Numerous factors including chemical, hormonal, spatial, and physical cues determine stem cell fate. While the regulation of stem cell differentiation by soluble factors is well-characterized, the role of mechanical force in the determination of lineage fate is just beginning to be understood. Investigation of the role of force on cell function has largely focused on "outside-in" signaling, initiated at the plasma membrane. When interfaced with the extracellular matrix, the cell uses integral membrane proteins, such as those found in focal adhesion complexes to translate force into biochemical signals. Akin to these outside-in connections, the internal cytoskeleton is physically linked to the nucleus, via proteins that span the nuclear membrane. Although structurally and biochemically distinct, these two forms of mechanical coupling influence stem cell lineage fate and, when disrupted, often lead to disease. Here we provide an overview of how mechanical coupling occurs at the plasma and nuclear membranes. We also discuss the role of force on stem cell differentiation, with focus on the biochemical signals generated at the cell membrane and the nucleus, and how those signals influence various diseases. While the interaction of stem cells with their physical environment and how they respond to force is complex, an understanding of the mechanical regulation of these cells is critical in the design of novel therapeutics to combat diseases associated with aging, cancer, and osteoporosis. Stem Cells 2016;34:1455-1463.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunes Uzer
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robyn K Fuchs
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Janet Rubin
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - William R Thompson
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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20
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Abstract
Mechanoresponses in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) guide both differentiation and function. In this review, we focus on advances in0 our understanding of how the cytoplasmic cytoskeleton, nuclear envelope and nucleoskeleton, which are connected via LINC (Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton) complexes, are emerging as an integrated dynamic signaling platform to regulate MSC mechanobiology. This dynamic interconnectivity affects mechanical signaling and transfer of signals into the nucleus. In this way, nuclear and LINC-mediated cytoskeletal connectivity play a critical role in maintaining mechanical signaling that affects MSC fate by serving as both mechanosensory and mechanoresponsive structures. We review disease and age related compromises of LINC complexes and nucleoskeleton that contribute to the etiology of musculoskeletal diseases. Finally we invite the idea that acquired dysfunctions of LINC might be a contributing factor to conditions such as aging, microgravity and osteoporosis and discuss potential mechanical strategies to modulate LINC connectivity to combat these conditions.
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Abstract
Nesprins are a family of multi-isomeric scaffolding proteins that were originally identified at the nuclear envelope (NE), where they bind to lamin A/C, emerin, and SUN-domain containing proteins, to form the LInker of Nucleoskeleton-and-Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex that connects the NE to the actin cytoskeleton. However, nesprin genes also give rise to a variety of tissue-specific variants of different sizes with potential roles beyond the NE. These variants are generated through alternative initiation, termination, and splicing, which makes nesprin biology very complex to study due to the difficulty in generating specific antibodies and/or short interfering RNAs (siRNA) to particular isoforms. In order to distinguish genuine nesprin variants and eliminate confusion with degradation products of larger nesprin isoforms, in this chapter we discuss methods including 5' and 3' Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE) and RT-PCR in combination with EST database searching, for identifying and validating putative nesprin isoforms. This information is essential to allow a better understanding of nesprin functions in different cell types.
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22
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Barthold JS, Pugarelli J, MacDonald ML, Ren J, Adetunji MO, Polson SW, Mateson A, Wang Y, Sol-Church K, McCahan SM, Akins RE, Devoto M, Robbins AK. Polygenic inheritance of cryptorchidism susceptibility in the LE/orl rat. Mol Hum Reprod 2016; 22:18-34. [PMID: 26502805 PMCID: PMC4694052 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gav060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY HYPOTHESIS Susceptibility to inherited cryptorchidism in the LE/orl rat may be associated with genetic loci that influence developmental patterning of the gubernaculum by the fetal testis. STUDY FINDING Cryptorchidism in the LE/orl rat is associated with a unique combination of homozygous minor alleles at multiple loci, and the encoded proteins are co-localized with androgen receptor (AR) and Leydig cells in fetal gubernaculum and testis, respectively. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Prior studies have shown aberrant perinatal gubernacular migration, muscle patterning defects and reduced fetal testicular testosterone in the LE/orl strain. In addition, altered expression of androgen-responsive, cytoskeletal and muscle-related transcripts in the LE/orl fetal gubernaculum suggest a role for defective AR signaling in cryptorchidism susceptibility. STUDY DESIGN, SAMPLES/MATERIALS, METHODS The long-term LE/orl colony and short-term colonies of outbred Crl:LE and Crl:SD, and inbred WKY/Ncrl rats were maintained for studies. Animals were intercrossed (LE/orl X WKY/Ncrl), and obligate heterozygotes were reciprocally backcrossed to LE/orl rats to generate 54 F2 males used for genotyping and/or linkage analysis. At least five fetuses per gestational time point from two or more litters were used for quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and freshly harvested embryonic (E) day 17 gubernaculum was used to generate conditionally immortalized cell lines. We completed genotyping and gene expression analyses using genome-wide microsatellite markers and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays, PCR amplification, direct sequencing, restriction enzyme digest with fragment analysis, whole genome sequencing (WGS), and qRT-PCR. Linkage analysis was performed in Haploview with multiple testing correction, and qRT-PCR data were analyzed using ANOVA after log transformation. Imaging was performed using custom and commercial antibodies directed at candidate proteins in gubernaculum and testis tissues, and gubernaculum cell lines. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE LE/orl rats showed reduced fertility and fecundity, and higher risk of perinatal death as compared with Crl:LE rats, but there were no differences in breeding outcomes between normal and unilaterally cryptorchid males. Linkage analysis identified multiple peaks, and with selective breeding of outbred Crl:LE and Crl:SD strains for alleles within two of the most significant (P < 0.003) peaks on chromosomes 6 and 16, we were able to generate a non-LE/orl cryptorchid rat. Associated loci contain potentially functional minor alleles (0.25-0.36 in tested rat strains) including an exonic deletion in Syne2, a large intronic insertion in Ncoa4 (an AR coactivator) and potentially deleterious variants in Solh/Capn15, Ankrd28, and Hsd17b2. Existing WGS data indicate that homozygosity for these combined alleles does not occur in any other sequenced rat strain. We observed a modifying effect of the Syne2(del) allele on expression of other candidate genes, particularly Ncoa4, and for muscle and hormone-responsive transcripts. The selected candidate genes/proteins are highly expressed, androgen-responsive and/or co-localized with developing muscle and AR in fetal gubernaculum, and co-localized with Leydig cells in fetal testis. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The present study identified multiple cryptorchidism-associated linkage peaks in the LE/orl rat, containing potentially causal alleles. These are strong candidate susceptibility loci, but further studies are needed to demonstrate functional relevance to the phenotype. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Association data from both human and rat models of spontaneous, nonsyndromic cryptorchidism support a polygenic etiology of the disease. Both the present study and a human genome-wide association study suggest that common variants with weak effects contribute to susceptibility, and may exist in genes encoding proteins that participate in AR signaling in the developing gubernaculum. These findings have potential implications for the gene-environment interaction in the etiology of cryptorchidism. LARGE SCALE DATA Sequences were deposited in the Rat Genome Database (RGD, http://rgd.mcw.edu/). STUDY FUNDING AND COMPETING INTERESTS This work was supported by: R01HD060769 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), 2P20GM103446 and P20GM103464 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS), and Nemours Biomedical Research. The authors have no competing interests to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Spencer Barthold
- Pediatric Urology Research Laboratory, Nemours Biomedical Research/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Joan Pugarelli
- Pediatric Urology Research Laboratory, Nemours Biomedical Research/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Madolyn L MacDonald
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Jia Ren
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Modupeore O Adetunji
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Shawn W Polson
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Abigail Mateson
- Pediatric Urology Research Laboratory, Nemours Biomedical Research/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Yanping Wang
- Pediatric Urology Research Laboratory, Nemours Biomedical Research/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Katia Sol-Church
- Biomolecular Core Laboratory, Nemours Biomedical Research/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Suzanne M McCahan
- Bioinformatics Core, Nemours Biomedical Research/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Robert E Akins
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Research Laboratory, Nemours Biomedical Research/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Marcella Devoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA Department of Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA Department of Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alan K Robbins
- Pediatric Urology Research Laboratory, Nemours Biomedical Research/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
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23
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Antoku S, Zhu R, Kutscheidt S, Fackler OT, Gundersen GG. Reinforcing the LINC complex connection to actin filaments: the role of FHOD1 in TAN line formation and nuclear movement. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:2200-5. [PMID: 26083340 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1053665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Positioning the nucleus is critical for many cellular processes including cell division, migration and differentiation. The linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex spans the inner and outer nuclear membranes and has emerged as a major factor in connecting the nucleus to the cytoskeleton for movement and positioning. Recently, we discovered that the diaphanous formin family member FHOD1 interacts with the LINC complex component nesprin-2 giant (nesprin-2G) and that this interaction plays essential roles in the formation of transmembrane actin-dependent nuclear (TAN) lines and nuclear movement during cell polarization in fibroblasts. We found that FHOD1 strengthens the connection between nesprin-2G and rearward moving dorsal actin cables by providing a second site of interaction between nesprin-2G and the actin cable. These results indicate that the LINC complex connection to the actin cytoskeleton can be enhanced by cytoplasmic factors and suggest a new model for TAN line formation. We discuss how the nesprin-2G-FHOD1 interaction may be regulated and its possible functional significance for development and disease.
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Key Words
- ABS, actin binding site
- ANC-1, Syne homology
- CH, calponin homology
- DAD, diaphanous autoregulatory domain
- DID, diaphanous inhibitory domain
- DRF, diaphanous related formin
- EDMD, Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy
- Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy
- FH, formin homology
- FHOD1
- GBD, GTPase binding domain
- GFP-mN2G, GFP-mini-nesprin-2G
- KASH, Klarsicht
- LINC Complex
- LINC, linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton
- LPA, lysophosphatidic acid
- SR, spectrin repeat
- TAN lines
- TAN lines, transmembrane actin-dependent nuclear lines
- actin filaments
- formin
- nesprin
- nesprin-2G, nesprin-2 giant
- nuclear movement
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Antoku
- a Department of Pathology & Cell Biology ; Columbia University ; New York , NY USA
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24
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You ZH, Chan KCC, Hu P. Predicting protein-protein interactions from primary protein sequences using a novel multi-scale local feature representation scheme and the random forest. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125811. [PMID: 25946106 PMCID: PMC4422660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) can be very important for the understanding of biological cellular functions. However, detecting PPIs in the laboratories are both time-consuming and expensive. For this reason, there has been much recent effort to develop techniques for computational prediction of PPIs as this can complement laboratory procedures and provide an inexpensive way of predicting the most likely set of interactions at the entire proteome scale. Although much progress has already been achieved in this direction, the problem is still far from being solved. More effective approaches are still required to overcome the limitations of the current ones. In this study, a novel Multi-scale Local Descriptor (MLD) feature representation scheme is proposed to extract features from a protein sequence. This scheme can capture multi-scale local information by varying the length of protein-sequence segments. Based on the MLD, an ensemble learning method, the Random Forest (RF) method, is used as classifier. The MLD feature representation scheme facilitates the mining of interaction information from multi-scale continuous amino acid segments, making it easier to capture multiple overlapping continuous binding patterns within a protein sequence. When the proposed method is tested with the PPI data of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, it achieves a prediction accuracy of 94.72% with 94.34% sensitivity at the precision of 98.91%. Extensive experiments are performed to compare our method with existing sequence-based method. Experimental results show that the performance of our predictor is better than several other state-of-the-art predictors also with the H. pylori dataset. The reason why such good results are achieved can largely be credited to the learning capabilities of the RF model and the novel MLD feature representation scheme. The experiment results show that the proposed approach can be very promising for predicting PPIs and can be a useful tool for future proteomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Hong You
- Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Keith C C Chan
- Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pengwei Hu
- Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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25
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Chang W, Worman HJ, Gundersen GG. Accessorizing and anchoring the LINC complex for multifunctionality. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 208:11-22. [PMID: 25559183 PMCID: PMC4284225 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201409047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, composed of outer and inner nuclear membrane Klarsicht, ANC-1, and Syne homology (KASH) and Sad1 and UNC-84 (SUN) proteins, respectively, connects the nucleus to cytoskeletal filaments and performs diverse functions including nuclear positioning, mechanotransduction, and meiotic chromosome movements. Recent studies have shed light on the source of this diversity by identifying factors associated with the complex that endow specific functions as well as those that differentially anchor the complex within the nucleus. Additional diversity may be provided by accessory factors that reorganize the complex into higher-ordered arrays. As core components of the LINC complex are associated with several diseases, understanding the role of accessory and anchoring proteins could provide insights into pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakam Chang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Howard J Worman
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Gregg G Gundersen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
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26
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Warren DT, Tajsic T, Porter LJ, Minaisah RM, Cobb A, Jacob A, Rajgor D, Zhang QP, Shanahan CM. Nesprin-2-dependent ERK1/2 compartmentalisation regulates the DNA damage response in vascular smooth muscle cell ageing. Cell Death Differ 2015; 22:1540-50. [PMID: 25744025 PMCID: PMC4532777 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prelamin A accumulation and persistent DNA damage response (DDR) are hallmarks of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) ageing and dysfunction. Although prelamin A is proposed to interfere with DNA repair, our understanding of the crosstalk between prelamin A and the repair process remains limited. The extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) have emerged as key players in the DDR and are known to enhance ataxia telangiectasia-mutated protein (ATM) activity at DNA lesions, and in this study, we identified a novel relationship between prelamin A accumulation and ERK1/2 nuclear compartmentalisation during VSMC ageing. We show both prelamin A accumulation and increased DNA damage occur concomitantly, before VSMC replicative senescence, and induce the localisation of ERK1/2 to promyelocytic leukaemia protein nuclear bodies (PML NBs) at the sites of DNA damage via nesprin-2 and lamin A interactions. Importantly, VSMCs treated with DNA damaging agents also displayed prelamin A accumulation and ERK compartmentalisation at PML NBs, suggesting that prelamin A and nesprin-2 are novel components of the DDR. In support of this, disruption of ERK compartmentalisation at PML NBs, by either depletion of nesprin-2 or lamins A/C, resulted in the loss of ATM from DNA lesions. However, ATM signalling and DNA repair remained intact after lamins A/C depletion, whereas nesprin-2 disruption ablated downstream Chk2 activation and induced genomic instability. We conclude that lamins A/C and PML act as scaffolds to organise DNA-repair foci and compartmentalise nesprin-2/ERK signalling. However, nesprin-2/ERK signalling fidelity, but not their compartmentalisation at PML NBs, is essential for efficient DDR in VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Warren
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - T Tajsic
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - L J Porter
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - R M Minaisah
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - A Cobb
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - A Jacob
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - D Rajgor
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Q P Zhang
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - C M Shanahan
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
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27
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King SJ, Nowak K, Suryavanshi N, Holt I, Shanahan CM, Ridley AJ. Nesprin-1 and nesprin-2 regulate endothelial cell shape and migration. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2014; 71:423-34. [PMID: 24931616 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nesprins are large multi-domain proteins that link the nuclear envelope to the cytoskeleton and nucleoskeleton. Here we show that nesprin-1 and nesprin-2 play important roles in regulating cell shape and migration in endothelial cells. Nesprin-1 or nesprin-2 depletion by RNAi increased endothelial cell spread area and the length of cellular protrusions, as well as stimulating stress fibre assembly which correlated with an increase in F-actin levels. Nuclear area was also increased by nesprin depletion, and localization of the inner nuclear membrane protein emerin to the nuclear envelope was reduced. Depletion of nesprin-1 or nesprin-2 reduced migration of endothelial cells into a cell-free area, and decreased loop formation in an in vitro angiogenesis assay. Taken together, our results indicate that nesprin-1 and nesprin-2 both regulate nuclear and cytoplasmic architecture, which we propose leads to their effects on endothelial cell migration and angiogenic loop formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J King
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular Division and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, James Black Centre, Denmark Hill Campus, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
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28
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Kutscheidt S, Zhu R, Antoku S, Luxton GWG, Stagljar I, Fackler OT, Gundersen GG. FHOD1 interaction with nesprin-2G mediates TAN line formation and nuclear movement. Nat Cell Biol 2014; 16:708-15. [PMID: 24880667 PMCID: PMC4113092 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Active positioning of the nucleus is integral to division, migration, and differentiation of mammalian cells1. Fibroblasts polarizing for migration orient their centrosomes by actin-dependent nuclear movement2. This nuclear movement depends on nesprin-2 giant (N2G), a large, actin-binding outer nuclear membrane component of transmembrane actin-associated (TAN) lines that couple nuclei to moving actin cables3. Here, we identify the diaphanous formin FHOD1 as an interaction partner of N2G. Silencing FHOD1 expression or expression of fragments containing binding sites of N2G or FHOD1 disrupted nuclear movement and centrosome orientation in polarizing fibroblasts. Unexpectedly, silencing of FHOD1 expression did not affect the formation or rearward flow of dorsal actin cables required for nuclear positioning. Rather, N2G-FHOD1 interaction provided a second connection to actin cables essential for TAN line formation and thus nuclear movement. These results reveal a unique function for a formin in coupling an organelle to actin filaments for translocation and suggest that TAN lines require multi-point attachments to actin cables to resist the large forces necessary to move the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kutscheidt
- 1] Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, INF 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany [2]
| | - Ruijun Zhu
- 1] Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA [2]
| | - Susumu Antoku
- 1] Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA [2]
| | - G W Gant Luxton
- 1] Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA [2]
| | - Igor Stagljar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Oliver T Fackler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, INF 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gregg G Gundersen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
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29
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Luxton GWG, Starr DA. KASHing up with the nucleus: novel functional roles of KASH proteins at the cytoplasmic surface of the nucleus. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2014; 28:69-75. [PMID: 24704701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear-cytoskeletal connections are central to fundamental cellular processes, including nuclear positioning and chromosome movements in meiosis. The cytoskeleton is coupled to the nucleoskeleton through conserved KASH-SUN bridges, or LINC complexes, that span the nuclear envelope. KASH proteins localize to the outer nuclear membrane where they connect the nucleus to the cytoskeleton. New findings have expanded the functional diversity of KASH proteins, showing that they interact with microtubule motors, actin, intermediate filaments, a nonconventional myosin, RanGAP, and each other. The role of KASH proteins in cellular mechanics is discussed. Genetic mutations in KASH proteins are associated with autism, hearing loss, cancer, muscular dystrophy and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Gant Luxton
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
| | - Daniel A Starr
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
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30
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Cartwright S, Karakesisoglou I. Nesprins in health and disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2013; 29:169-79. [PMID: 24374011 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
LINC (Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton) complex is an evolutionary conserved structure that spans the entire nuclear envelope (NE), and integrates the nuclear interior with the cytoskeleton, in order to support a diverse array of fundamental biological processes. Key components of the LINC complex are the nesprins (Nuclear Envelope SPectrin Repeat proteINS) that were initially described as large integral NE proteins. However, nesprin genes are complex and generate many variants, which occupy various sub-cellular compartments suggesting additional functions. Hence, the potential involvement of nesprins in disease has expanded immensely on what we already know. That is, nesprins are implicated in diseases such as cancer, myopathies, arthrogryposis, neurological disorders and hearing loss. Here we review nesprins by providing an in depth account of their structure, molecular interactions and cellular functions with relevance to their potential roles in disease. Specifically, we speculate about possible pathomechanisms underlying nesprin-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Cartwright
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
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31
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Bencharit S, Border MB, Edelmann A, Byrd WC. Update in research and methods in proteomics and bioinformatics. Expert Rev Proteomics 2013; 10:413-5. [PMID: 24117200 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2013.842899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The 3rd International Conference on Proteomics & Bioinformatics (Proteomics 2013) Philadelphia, PA, USA, 15-17 July 2013 The Third International Conference on Proteomics & Bioinformatics (Proteomics 2013) was sponsored by the OMICS group and was organized in order to strengthen the future of proteomics science by bringing together professionals, researchers and scholars from leading universities across the globe. The main topics of this conference included the integration of novel platforms in data analysis, the use of a systems biology approach, different novel mass spectrometry platforms and biomarker discovery methods. The conference was divided into proteomic methods and research interests. Among these two categories, interactions between methods in proteomics and bioinformatics, as well as other research methodologies, were discussed. Exceptional topics from the keynote forum, oral presentations and the poster session have been highlighted. The topics range from new techniques for analyzing proteomics data, to new models designed to help better understand genetic variations to the differences in the salivary proteomes of HIV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sompop Bencharit
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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